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GameCube

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GameCube logo
GameCube logo
Jet Black GameCube console and controller
Jet Black GameCube console and controller
Indigo GameCube console and controller
Indigo GameCube console and controller

The Nintendo GameCube (Japanese: ゲームキューブ; originally code-named "Dolphin" during development; abbreviated as GCN) is Nintendo's fourth home video game console, belonging to the 128-bit era; the same generation as Sega's Dreamcast, Sony's PlayStation 2, and Microsoft's Xbox. The GameCube was released on:

The GameCube was first introduced in volume #145 of Nintendo Power magazine. Luigi's Mansion was the first cover game (volume #150).

Overview

File:Gamecube with games.JPG
A Platinum Nintendo GameCube with two controllers, a memory card, and five games.

Unveiled during Spaceworld 2000, the Nintendo GameCube was widely anticipated by many who were shocked by Nintendo's decision to design the Nintendo 64 as a cartridge-based system. Physically shaped similar to a geometric cube, the outside casing of the Nintendo GameCube comes in a variety of colors, such as indigo, platinum, and black (also a limited edition Resident Evil 4 platinum and black game console). In Japan, the system is also available in orange, or in limited edition colors like Crystal White, Mint Green, Copper, and White with black pinstripes. The Nintendo GameCube uses a unique storage medium, the GameCube Optical Disc, a proprietary format based on Matsushita's optical-disc technology; the discs are approximately 8 centimeters (3 1/8 inches) in diameter (considerably smaller than a standard CD or DVD), and the discs have a capacity of approximately 1.5 gigabytes. The Nintendo GameCube does not have any DVD-movie support.

The GameCube system also has the unique capability to connect to Nintendo's portable system Game Boy Advance or its SP variant. Such a connection between the two systems allows the transfer of game data. Examples of this functionality include the use of the Game Boy Advance as a controller for the game played. Subsequent information related to game play may be displayed on the Game Boy Advance's color screen for added convenience or to avoid the cluttering of the display on the television screen. This functionality has also been used to unlock "secrets" such as new levels or characters when two games, a Game Boy Advance game and its GameCube equivalent, are connected together. Up to four Game Boy Advance systems can be connected to the GameCube through the GameCube's four controller ports for multiplayer play. A special Nintendo GameCube to Game Boy Advance connection cable is required for each Game Boy Advance system that is to be connected to the GameCube. A fair variety of GameCube games implement this innovative functionality, while Nintendo encourages its continued use.

Despite the protection of a non-standard disc format (essentially a miniature DVD-ROM with non-standard sectors and filesystem formatting), a number of modchips such as the Qoob and ViperGC have been released that, when used in conjunction with a modified bios, allow the use of a standard or 8cm DVD-ROM to load backed-up, homebrew, boot-leg or pirate software.

Software library

Main article: List of GameCube games

The GameCube currently has over 500 games available in its library. In addition, over 100 titles are currently in development.

The GameCube features games with the following ratings:

  • Early Childhood: 0
  • Everyone: 263
  • Everyone (E10+): 1
  • Teen: 198
  • Mature: 44
  • Adults Only: 0

Source: ESRB

Key first-party titles

The Nintendo GameCube software library contains such traditional Nintendo series as Super Mario, The Legend of Zelda, and Metroid.

Some of the more popular first-party titles include:

Approach to third-party developers

File:Gamecube orange.jpg
The Spice (Orange) GameCube, exclusive to Japan

One of the defining aspects of the Nintendo GameCube is the rejuvenated relationship between Nintendo and its licensees. Unlike previous generations in which Nintendo was seen by some as bullying its third-party game developers, Nintendo openly sought game-development aid on the Nintendo GameCube. Alternatively, Nintendo was no longer in a position to push around developers since its last console Nintendo 64 lost the dominating position and bullying ended up driving developers towards Nintendo's rival Sony. Sometimes, Nintendo would merely request that a third-party developer produce a game based on the third-party's own game franchises; other times, Nintendo would request that the third-party developer produce a game based on Nintendo's own game franchises. This effort from Nintendo resulted in many exclusive third-party games for the Nintendo GameCube, and the arrival of multiformat titles on the platform.

Despite Nintendo's efforts, the GameCube survived due to its low price and the "age-10 and under" niche market. Many games popular with more mature audiences such as first-person shooters and the controversial Grand Theft Auto series had overlooked the GameCube in favour of the PlayStation 2 and Xbox. This and Nintendo's own franchises such as Pokémon gave the GameCube the reputation of being a "kiddie" console. Cross-platform games such as sports franchises released by Electronic Arts sold far below their PlayStation 2 and Xbox counterparts and those games certainly would not have been released on the GameCube if the cost of porting the title was high. This perception was confirmed in 2003 when Eidos Interactive and THQ announced that they would cancel GameCube support. Around that time, several European retailers stopped selling the console, forcing Nintendo to cut GameCube production in order to sell off surpluses. What further hurt the GameCube was its minimal online support, a growing trend that its rivals embraced.

The GameCube has often been considered a failure due to being unable to match the sales and market share of its Nintendo 64 predecessor. However, it has been offset by the growing size of the video game console market which has allowed Nintendo to carve out a loyal following even as its market share decreased. Nintendo also reassured nervous investors by stating that they would "only exit the software business at the same time they would exit the hardware business"; Nintendo signalled that they would not discontinue their console business to focus on developing games like Sega had done after the failure of the Dreamcast. Nintendo also had strong cash reserves so it could afford to match price wars when ever Sony or Microsoft lowered the price of their console. In addition, commentators estimate that before resorting to price cuts to stay competitive Nintendo loses the least money on each sale of a GameCube compared to the PlayStation 2 and Xbox.

Major second & third-party titles

Screenshots

Hardware specifications

The following are hardware specifications provided by Nintendo of America. Some benchmarks provided by third-party testing facilities do indicate, however, that some of these specifications, especially those relating to performance, may be conservative.

Central processing unit

  • Name: "Gekko"
  • Producer: IBM
  • Core Base: PowerPC 750CXe, 43-mm² die (modified PowerPC 750 RISC with 50 new instructions)
  • Manufacturing Process: 0.18 micrometre IBM copper-wire technology
  • Clock Frequency: 485 MHz
  • CPU Capacity: 1125 Dmips (Dhrystone 2.1)
  • Internal Data Precision:
    • 32-bit Integer
    • 64-bit Floating-point, usable as 2x32-bit SIMD
  • External Bus:
    • 1.3 gigabyte/second peak bandwidth
    • 32-bit address space
    • 64-bit data bus; 162 MHz clock
  • Internal Cache:
    • L1: instruction 32KB, data 32KB (8 way)
    • L2: 256KB (2 way)

Graphics processing unit

  • Name: "Flipper"
  • Producer: ArtX/Nintendo (ArtX was acquired by ATi Technologies in 2000 and is now a part of ATi)
  • Manufacturing Process: 0.18 micrometre NEC embedded DRAM process
  • Clock Frequency: 162 MHz
  • Embedded Frame Buffer:
    • Approximately 2 megabytes in capacity
    • Sustainable latency of 6.2 nanoseconds
    • RAM type is 1T-SRAM
  • Embedded Texture Cache:
    • Approximately 1 megabyte in capacity
    • Sustainable latency of 6.2 nanoseconds (6.2ns)
    • RAM type is 1T-SRAM
  • Texture Read Bandwidth: 10.4 gigabytes/second (at peak)
  • Main Memory Bandwidth: 2.6 gigabytes/second (at peak)
  • Fill Rate: 648 megapixels/second
  • Pixel Depth:
  • Image Processing Functions:

Audio specifications

  • Producer: Macronix
  • Clock Frequency: 81 MHz
  • Instruction Memory:
    • 8 kilobytes of RAM
    • 8 kilobytes of ROM
  • Data Memory:
    • 8 kilobytes of RAM
    • 4 kilobytes of ROM
  • Simultaneous Channels: 64 channels
  • Encoding: ADPCM
  • Sampling Frequency: 48 kHz
  • 206mb graphics

Other system specifications

  • System Floating-point Arithmetic Capability: 10.5 GFLOPS (at peak) (MPU, Geometry Engine, HW Lighting Total)
  • Real-world Polygon Performance: 6 million to 12 million polygons/second (at peak) (assuming actual game conditions with complex models, fully textured, fully lit, etc.)*
  • Main RAM:
    • Approximately 24 megabytes in capacity
    • Sustainable latency of 10 nanoseconds
    • RAM type is 1T-SRAM

(Even though DDR-SDRAM is significantly faster, since the PowerPC 750CXe can not address DDR-SDRAM, it is not used.)

  • Auxiliary RAM:
    • Approximately 16 megabytes in capacity
    • 81 MHz in speed
    • RAM type is DRAM
  • Disc Drive:
    • Drive type is Constant Angular Velocity (CAV)
    • Average access time is 128 milliseconds
    • Data transfer speed is between 2 megabytes per second and 3.125 megabytes per second
  • Disc Media:
    • Based on DVD technology
    • Diameter is 3 inches in length
    • Producer is Matsushita (Also known as Panasonic)
    • Approximately 1.5 gigabytes in capacity
  • Controller Ports: 4
  • Memory Card Slots: 2
  • Analog Audio/Video Outputs: 1
  • Digital Video Outputs: 1 *
  • High-speed Serial Ports: 2
  • High-speed Parallel Ports: 1
  • Power Supply: AC Adapter DC12 volts x 3.25 amperes
  • Physical Measurements of Entire System: 110 mm (H) x 150 mm (W) x 161 mm (D). [4.3"(H) x 5.9"(W) x 6.3"(D)]
* The Digital output was removed in a hardware revision in May 2004. Models without the port are DOL-101. [1]

Media

File:Gamecubedisc.jpg
A Gamecube optical disk

The GameCube Optical Disc is the media format used by the Nintendo GameCube. The disc is a proprietary version of the 8 cm DVD (MiniDVD) format. The capacity of the disc is 1.5 GB. Games with large amounts of voice acting or pre-rendered video often need to be put on 2 discs. The GameCube proprietary disc is very similar to the PSP's UMD disc format, although it precedes it by several years.

Controller

The standard GameCube Controller features twelve buttons. It features an analog stick on the left, with a smaller D-pad below it. On the right are four buttons; a very large green "A" button in the centre, a smaller red "B" button to the lower left corner, an "X" button to the right and a "Y" button above the "A" button. On the right, there is a yellow "C" stick, opposite the D-pad, which has a similar function to the right stick on a Playstation. The start/pause button is in the middle of the controller. On top, there are three shoulder buttons. The "L" and "R" buttons are moulded to fit your index fingers, and there is also a smaller blue "Z" button on the right, above the "R" button. Some unofficial controllers also have a "turbo" button, but this is not supported by many games.
The controller is a standard wing grip design, and was designed to fit the human hand perfectly. As such, it is quite comfortable to use. The left stick is pressure sensitive, and games such as Super Mario Sunshine exploit this to good effect. Also the L and R buttons have some sensitivity, in that you can press them down part way, or fully, when you will hear a click. Again, this is exploited in some games.
One notable feature of the GameCube is that when you turn it on, like the Nintendo 64 controller, it will set the current analog stick and L and R buttons' positions as "neutral", which may cause undesired effects in games if they are aligned incorrectly at startup. Thus, Nintendo established a way to reset the controller. They advise you to hold down X, Y and start/ pause for three seconds, and the controller should work fine again. This method is also commonly used as a prank during multiplayer games, in which you can set the neutral positions of the other players' controller buttons to non-neutral positions, causing malfunction during gameplay.

Accessories/peripherals

File:Gameboy player.JPG
The Game Boy Player
File:Wavebirdpic.jpg
Wavebird Wireless Controller
  • Controller (Standard colours include Purple, Black, Orange, Silver or Purple and clear. There are also many limited edition controllers available such as a split Silver and Red, with the Mario "M" logo replacing the regular GameCube logo seen on standard controllers. There are also specially shaped controllers, such as a blood-spattered chainsaw released to coincide with Resident Evil 4.)
  • Wavebird (RF wireless controller)
  • Memory Card (59, 251 or 1019 blocks. A maximum of 127 files can be stored on a memory card)
  • GameCube Game Boy Advance Cable (for games that support connectivity between the GameCube and the Game Boy Advance)
  • Modem or Broadband adapter (for internet or LAN play)
  • Game Boy Player (to play Game Boy games on the television, using either a GameCube controller or a connected Game Boy Advance)
  • Component video cable (for progressive scan (480p) support) which requires a GameCube with Digital Video Output. Less than one percent of GameCube owners used 480p, therefore the digital output was eventually removed from the design to reduce the system's manufacturing costs. See System Specifications above and Official Information.)
  • VGA Adapter. Allows GameCube play on a standard computer monitor. Several are available from Lik-Sang, however, a game supporting 480p combined with the Component Video cable above, and the VD-Z3 (which has a monitor pass-through) or this can give Progressive Scan display quality on a computer monitor.
  • In PAL regions, an RF cable for connection to older televisions, and an RGB SCART cable for high-quality connections
  • DK Bongos for use with the music games Donkey Konga, Donkey Konga 2 and Donkey Konga 3, the Donkey Kong platform title Donkey Kong Jungle Beat, and the upcoming Odama.
  • Microphone, which plugs into memory card slot, for use with Mario Party 6 and the upcoming Mario Party 7.
  • SD Card Adapter, for games exhibiting the SD Card logo like Animal Forest e+. This official Nintendo accessory is currently sold in Japan only.

Marketing

Nintendo has used several advertising schemes for the GameCube. The earliest commercials displayed a rotating cube video, which would quickly morph into the GameCube logo. A voice whispered "GameCube". This was usually after the normal commercial for a GameCube game. Later on, Nintendo incorporated a video clip before the normal clip for the GameCube game would begin, similar to the brief PlayStation 2 logo before a commercial featuring the game. It basically rotated around what appeared to be the top of a GameCube console, with the lettering being slightly 3D. The lettering would begin as a wave, only to settle on the top of the pictured console. More recently, Nintendo has been advertising in the "Who Are You" tangent, essentially marketing the wide range of games Nintendo offers. The idea behind the "Who Are You?" campaign is that "you are what you play"; the kind of game a gamer enjoys playing suggests a dominant trait in that gamer's personality. The Who Are You logo is similar to graffiti lettering. Most of the Who Are You commercials advertised games developed or published by Nintendo, but some developers pay Nintendo to promote their games, using Nintendo's marketing and advertising resources. One example is the advertisement campaign for Square Enix's GameCube-exclusive Final Fantasy game, Final Fantasy: Crystal Chronicles.

See also

Competes with

Follows

Precedes

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