Jump to content

Turkish diaspora

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by 86.163.169.61 (talk) at 17:20, 4 October 2008 (Undid revision 242812304 by Particip (talk)). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Part of a series of articles on
Turkish people
People
Population
Traditional Areas of Turkish Settlement

Turkish majorities:

  • Turkish minorities in the Balkans:
  • Turkish minorities in the Caucasus:
  • Turkish minorities in the Levant:
  • Turkish minorities in North Africa:
  • Other Turkish minorities:


  • Turkish diasporas in the Americas:
  • Turkish diasporas in Central Asia:
  • Turkish diasporas in Oceania:
  • Other Turkish diasporas:
History
Culture
Languages
Religion

The term Turkish diaspora (Turkish: Türk diyasporası) refers to the estimated population of Turkish people in the world migrated outside of Turkey.[1]

Turkish people

Turkish people primarily live in Turkey; however, when the borders of the Ottoman Empire became smaller after World War I and the foundation of the new Republic; many Turkish people chose to stay outside Turkey's borders. Since then, some of them have migrated to Turkey but there are still significant minorities of Turks living in different countries such as in Northern Cyprus, Greece, Bulgaria, Syria, Iraq, Republic of Macedonia, the Dobruja region of Romania and Kosovo (especially in Prizren). These Turkish people are not to be confused with the Turkish diaspora as they are considered to be 'native Turks' due to living in these countries for hundreds of years and thus are not immigrates.

Turkish people living in other countries outside of Turkey can be summarized into three groups[2];

  • People who have stayed out of the borders after the Republic of Turkey was formed (Turkish Natives)
  • People who, from Central Asia, have not come to Anatolia (Turkish people in Central Asia)
  • People who have migrated to other countries as (Turkish diaspora)

In the Republic of Turkey, an early history text provided the definition of being a Turk as "any individual within the Republic of Turkey, whatever his faith who speaks Turkish, grows up with Turkish culture and adopts the Turkish ideal is a Turk." This ideal came from the beliefs of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk[3].

History of the Turkish diaspora

The main migration of Turkish people to Anatolia occurred at the same time of Turkic migration between the 6th and 11th centuries (the Early Middle Ages), when they spread across most of Central Asia and into Europe and the Middle East. The Seljuk Turks (Selçuk Türkleri) were the first Turkish power to arrive in the 11th century as conquerors, who proceeded to gradually conquer the land of existing Byzantine Empire. In the following centuries the local population began to be assimilated from the emerging Turkic migrants. Over time, as word spread regarding the victory of the Turks in Anatolia, more Turkic migrants began to intermingle with the local inhabitants, which helped to bolster the Turkish-speaking population.

Turks in Europe

The post-war migration of Turks to Europe began with ‘guest workers’ who arrived under the terms of a Labour Export Agreement with Germany in October 1961, followed by a similar agreement with the Netherlands, Belgium and Austria in 1964; France in 1965 and Sweden in 1967. As one Turkish observer noted, ‘it has now been over 40 years and a Turk who went to Europe at the age of 25 has nearly reached the age of 70. His children have reached the age of 45 and their children have reached the age of 20’ [4]. Due to the high rate of Turks in Europe, the Turkish language is now home to one of the largest group of pupils after the German-speakers. Turkish in Germany is often used not only by members of its own community but also by people with a non-Turkish background. Especially in urban areas, it functions as a peer group vernacular for children and adolescents [5]. The increasing Turkish population of Europe can be explained by the continuation of migration through marriages and by the high birth rate of the Turkish population. This high rate has as a consequence that Turkish migrant population is very young (1/3 is under 18 years old); more than 80% of these young people have been born and schooled in Europe.

Turks in North America

In the United States, there are over 500,000 Turkish Americans whose ancestors came from Turkey but the ethnonational category includes those of ethnic Greek, Armenian and Kurdish background. The largest Turkish communities are found in Paterson, New York City, Chicago, Miami, Boston (esp. the suburb of Watertown) and Los Angeles. Since the 1970s, the number of Turkish immigrants has risen to more than 2,000 per year.

There is also a growing Turkish population in Canada, Turkish immigrants have settled mainly in Montreal and Toronto, although there are small Turkish communities in Calgary, Edmonton, London, Ottawa, Windsor and Vancouver. The population of Turkish Canadians in Metropolitan Toronto may be as large as 5,000 [6].

Turkish nationality

Main article: Turkish nationality law

Citizenship is defined in Article 66 of the Constitution of Turkey as:

  • Everyone bound to the Turkish state through the bond of citizenship is a Turk.
  • The child of a Turkish father or a Turkish mother is a Turk.
  • Citizenship can be acquired under the conditions stipulated by law, and shall be forfeited only in cases determined by law.
  • No Turk shall be deprived of citizenship, unless he commits an act incompatible with loyalty to the motherland.
  • Recourse to the courts in appeal against the decisions and proceedings related to the deprivation of citizenship, shall not be denied.
—  1982 constitution., Article 66 (as amended on October 17, 2001)

Turkish natives

Turkish natives are those who are the direct decendents of the Seljuk Turks and the Ottoman Turks who still live in the territories of either of the empires.

  • Turks in Bulgaria.
    Turks in Bulgaria.
  • Turks in Cyprus
    Turks in Cyprus
  • Turks in Macedonia
    Turks in Macedonia
  • Turks in Kosovo
    Turks in Kosovo
Rank Country Capital Number of ethnic Turks Date of reference More information, remarks
1  Turkey Ankara 57,680,000[7] 2007 Turkish people
Note: Turkey's total population: 70,586,256 (2008)[8]
2  Iraq Baghdad From 222,000[9][10] to 2,000,000[11][12] 2003/04 Iraqi Turkmen
Not to be confused with Turkmen people
3  Syria Damascus c. 1,500,000[13][verification needed] 2005 Turks in Syria
Not to be confused with Turkmen people
3  Bulgaria Sofia 750,000 [14][15] 2005 Turks in Bulgaria
A further 326,000 live in Turkey
4  Northern Cyprus Nicosia 250,000 [16] 2006 Turkish Cypriot
Including settlers from Turkey
5  Greece Athens 80-120,000 [17][18][19] 1990 Turks of the Dodecanese
Turks of Western Thrace
6  North Macedonia Skopje 80,000 [20][21] 2002 Turks in the Republic of Macedonia
Turkish language has official status in some areas
7  Kosovo Pristina 60,000 [22] 2000 Turks in Kosovo
Turkish language has official status in Prizren
8  Romania Bucharest 44,500 [23][24] 2002 Turks in Romania
9  Bosnia and Herzegovina Sarajevo 4,000
10  Cyprus Nicosia 2,500 Turkish cypriot
Turkish language has official status
11  Albania Tirana N/A
Total c.

Turkish people in Central Asia

Rank Country Capital Number of ethnic Turks Date of reference More information, remarks
1  Uzbekistan
 Tajikistan
 Kazakhstan
 Kyrgyzstan 		Tashkent
Dushanbe
Astana
Bishkek 		197,000[25]
1979 Figures do not include the 56,000 'Turks of Fergana'
Total c. c.

Turkish diaspora

File:Turkisch-day-in-Berlin.jpg
Turkish parade in Berlin featuring a recreated Ottoman military band
Turkish parade in Brussels, Belgium
Turks in the United Kingdom, London.
Turks in Japan.
Rank Country Capital Number of ethnic Turks Date of reference More information, remarks
1  Germany Berlin 2,700,000 [26] 2007 Turks in Germany
See also: Demographics of Germany
2  France Paris 500,000 [27] 2002 Turks in France
3  United Kingdom London 400,000[28] 2003 Turks in the United Kingdom
The majority of the population are Turkish cypriot. Turkish is the seventh most commonly spoken language in London [29]
4  Netherlands Amsterdam 372 714[30] 2008 Turks in the Netherlands
7  Austria Vienna 250,000[31] 2003 Turks in Austria
See also: Demographics of Austria
8  United States Washington, D.C. 200,000 [32] 2002 Turkish American
An estimated 500,000 of Turkish decent [33] [34]
9  Belgium Brussels 230,000 2003 Turks in Belgium
10  Russia Moscow 100,000 [35] 2002 Turks in Russia
11   Switzerland Berne 100,000 [36] 2000 Turks in Switzerland
12  Saudi Arabia Riyadh 80-120,000 [37][38] 2006 Turks in Saudi Arabia
13  Sweden Stockholm 60,000 Turks in Sweden
14  Brazil Brasilia 58,973 [39][40] 2007 Turks in Brazil
15  Denmark Copenhagen 57,130 [41] 2003 Turks in Denmark
16  Australia Canberra 54,595[42] 2001 Turks in Australia
A further 120,000 Turkish people live in Australia.[43]
17  Azerbaijan Baku 50,000 [44] 1999 Turks in Azerbaijan
18  Canada Ottawa 50,000 [45][46] 2006 Turks in Canada
An additional 4,285 Cypriots live in Canada of undeclared ethnicity.
19  Venezuela Caracas 28,000 [47] est. Turks in Venezuela
20  Israel Jerusalem 20,000 [48] est. Turks in Israel
21  Iran Tehran 15,000[citation needed] est. Not including the Iranian Azeris, and Qashqai
22  Norway Oslo 14,084[49] 2006 Turks in Norway
23  Italy Rome 13,532 [50] 2006 Turks in Italy
24  Moldova Chişinău 11,000 [51] 2004 Turks in Moldova
25  Japan Tokyo 10,000 [52] 2006 Turks in Japan
26  Lebanon Beirut 10,000 [53] 2008 Turks in Lebanon
27  Ukraine Kiev 8,844 [54] 2008 Turks in Ukraine
28  Libya Tripoli 6,000 [55] est. Turks in Libya
29  Kuwait Kuwait City 3,300 [56] est. Turks in Kuwait
30  Finland Helsinki 3,182 [57] 2007 Turks in Finland
31  Spain Madrid 1,758 [58] 2001 Turks in Spain
32  Georgia Tbilisi 1,200 [59] est. Turks in Georgia
33  Chile Santiago 1,000 [60] 2008 Turks in Chile
34  Liechtenstein Vaduz 884 [61] 2001 Turks in Liechtenstein
35  New Zealand Wellington 600[62][63] 2006 Turks in New Zealand
36  Croatia Zagreb 300 [64] 2001 Turks in Croatia
37  Slovenia Ljubljana 259 [65] 2002 Turks in Slovenia
38  Hungary Budapest 100-499 (unknown, but formed a small community) est. Turks in Hungary
See also: Demographics of Hungary
for more details
39  Iceland Reykjavík 63 [66] 2008 Turks in Iceland
40  India New Delhi 58 [67] 1961 Turks in India
41  Argentina Buenos Aires 50 [68] 2007 Turks in Argentina
42  Puerto Rico San Juan 44 [69] 2000 Turks in Puerto Rico
43  Estonia Tallinn 24 [70] 2008 Turks in Estonia
Total c. c. (including Turkish natives)

Flags used by Turkish people outside Turkey

Famous people of the Diaspora

See also

References

  1. ^ American Heritage Dictionary (2000). "The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition - "Turk"". Houghton Mifflin Company. Retrieved 2006-12-27.
  2. ^ Turkish Odyssey
  3. ^ van Schendel, Willem (2001). Identity Politics in Central Asia and the Muslim World. I.B. Tauris. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ Gogolin, Ingrid (2005). "Turks in Europe: Why are we afraid?" (PDF). The Foreign Policy Centre. Retrieved 2008-06-10. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. ^ Twigg, Stephen (2002). "LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY AND NEW MINORITIES IN EUROPE" (PDF). Language Policy Division. Retrieved 2008-06-10. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  6. ^ Turkish Americans
  7. ^ "The World Factbook" (HTML). United States Central Intelligence Agency. 2007. Retrieved 2007-03-28.
  8. ^ Turkish Statistical Institute
  9. ^ Helen Chapin Metz and the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress. Iraq: A Country Study, p. 86.
  10. ^ Turkey: Facing a New Millennium : Coping with Intertwined Conflicts, By Amikam Nachmani, page 11, Published 2003, Manchester University Press, 264 pages, ISBN 0719063701
  11. ^ Roraback, Amanda (2004). Iraq in a Nutshell. Enisen Publishing. pp. p. 36. ISBN 978-0970290861. Retrieved 2008-05-05. Most of the nearly 2000000 Turkomans in Iraq live in the Kirkuk and Mosul... web link {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help); External link in |quote= (help)
  12. ^ Adherents.com - Iraq
  13. ^ Aksiyon - Syrian Turks
  14. ^ National Statistical Institute - Population by districts and ethnos as of 1-03-2001 (census figures)
  15. ^ Gulcan, Nilgun (2006-04-16). "Population of Turkish Diaspora".
  16. ^ Template:PDFlink Nüfus ve Konut Sayimi
  17. ^ DESTROYING ETHNIC IDENTITY: THE TURKS OF GREECE
  18. ^ The Human Rights Watch: Turks Of Western Thrace
  19. ^ Greek - Turkish minorities
  20. ^ The World Factbook - Macedonia
  21. ^ Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Macedonia, 2002
  22. ^ Turks of Kosovo: What to Expect
  23. ^ The World Factbook - Romania
  24. ^ Census 2002
  25. ^ Ethnologue report for Turkish
  26. ^ CIA - The World Factbook - Germany
  27. ^ Hunter, Shireen (2002). Islam, Europe's Second Religion: The New Social, Cultural, and Political Landscape. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 6. ISBN 978-0275976088.
  28. ^ [1] (2007). "Turks in Britain" (HTML). Retrieved 2007-07-09. {{cite web}}: External link in |author= (help)
  29. ^ BBC Your Voice; Turkish today by Viv Edwards
  30. ^ Statistics Netherlands 2008
  31. ^ Großer Türkenanteil in Österreich ::: Türkische Kulturgemeinde in Österreich :::
  32. ^ U.S. Census Bureau
  33. ^ The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History
  34. ^ THE TURKISH DIASPORA IN THE UNITED STATES AND ITS ROLE IN PROMOTING TURKISH-AMERICAN RELATIONS
  35. ^ Centre For Russian Studies 2002 Nationality Report
  36. ^ Statistik Schweiz - Wohnbevölkerung nach Nationalität (2000)
  37. ^ ARAB VERSUS ASIAN MIGRANT WORKERS IN THE GCC COUNTRIES
  38. ^ Gerald Robbins. Fostering an Islamic Reformation. American Outlook, Spring 2002 issue.
  39. ^ G. James, Herman (2007). Brazil After a Century of Independence. READ BOOKS. p. 282. ISBN 1406755869, 9781406755862. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  40. ^ Country profile: Immigration to Brazil
  41. ^ Danmarks Statistik
  42. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (2004-12-05). "2001 Census, 2054.0 Australian Census Analytic Program: Australians' Ancestries" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-01-06.
  43. ^ ABC Australia. "Australian Turks wait anxiously for earthquake news". Retrieved 2008-08-29.
  44. ^ The State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan
  45. ^ Statistics Canada: Canada's National Statistics Agency
  46. ^ Turkish Canadian Relations
  47. ^ http://www.martinfrost.ws/htmlfiles/may2008/venezuela.html Venezuela country profile
  48. ^ http://www.mirora.com/pdf/fifth_greatest_language_turkish.pdf "The fifth most spoken language of the world' Turkish".
  49. ^ Statistics Norway (2006-05-18). "Immigrant population and persons with other immigrant background, by country background and sex. 1 January 2006 (Corrected 18 May 2006)" (HTML). Retrieved 2007-01-07.
  50. ^ Italian Census 2006
  51. ^ Template:Ro icon Official results of 2004 Moldovan census
  52. ^ "Japonya Türk Toplumu (Turkish Community of Japan)" (in Turkish). Embassy of Turkey in Japan. Retrieved 2008-06-11.
  53. ^ "Turkish migrants grieve for Beirut from exile". Todays Zaman. Retrieved 2008-09-29.
  54. ^ State Statistics Committee of Ukraine
  55. ^ Dr.Bulent Acma. "ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION: CASE STUDY OF TURKEY" (PDF). Retrieved 2009-10-01. {{cite web}}: line feed character in |title= at position 50 (help)
  56. ^ Dr.Bulent Acma. "ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION: CASE STUDY OF TURKEY" (PDF). Retrieved 2009-10-01. {{cite web}}: line feed character in |title= at position 50 (help)
  57. ^ Statistics Finland
  58. ^ Instituto Nacional de Estadistica (National Statistics Institute)
  59. ^ Dr.Bulent Acma. "ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION: CASE STUDY OF TURKEY" (PDF). Retrieved 2009-10-01. {{cite web}}: line feed character in |title= at position 50 (help)
  60. ^ Embassy of Chile in Turkey (15 May 2008 Cnn Turk tv program, Turks in Chile.)
  61. ^ Liechtenstein - Turkey
  62. ^ Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand
  63. ^ Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand
  64. ^ Croatian census 2001
  65. ^ Slovenian Census 2002
  66. ^ Statistics Iceland
  67. ^ Language in India (ACCORDING TO THE 1961 CENSUS)
  68. ^ Turkish Community in Buenos Aires
  69. ^ U.S. Census Bureau: Puerto Rico
  70. ^ Eesti Statistika 2008
  71. ^ CRW Flags
  72. ^ DW World; Deutsche Welle

Sosyo-Kültürel Ekonomik ve Siyasi Açıdan Avrupa'da Türk Gerçeği]


Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turkish_diaspora&oldid=242992705"