List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States

In order to become a Justice on the Supreme Court of the United States, an individual must be nominated by the President of the United States and approved by the U.S. Senate, with at least half of that body approving in the affirmative. Generally, a justice's qualifications are judged by the President and, most visibly, by a Senate hearing. There is no definitive qualification of age or experience that is a standard to be met; instead, there is a much more subjective process taken by the Senate, occasionally resulting in a sometimes controversial defeat of judicial nominees.

Justices in chronological order

The following list consists of all Supreme Court Justices since 1789 placed in the order in which they took the judicial oath of office and thereby started their term of office.

• The names of Justices who are active (as of Chief Justice John Robert's inauguration on September 29, 2005) are in bold.
• Justices who received a recess appointment to the Supreme Court have an asterisk(*) following their name. All but one of these recess appointments went on to be confirmed by the Senate during the following session of Congress.
• Senior status sometimes causes confusion. When a justice assumes senior status, he or she leaves the Supreme Court for most practical purposes, such as the en banc decisions that form the bulk of the Court's workload. However, their appointment has technically not been terminated. Usually, a justice will die in senior status, so the "Reason Appointment Terminated" will be listed as "death", even though for most practical purposes the justice retired before they died. In fact, as of 2005, there is only one justice who has assumed senior status and not died in senior status: Charles Evans Whittaker.

#	Judge	State	Born–died	Active service	Chief Judge	Senior status	Appointed by	Reason for termination
{{{index}}}	James Wilson	PA	September 14, 1742 – August 21, 1798	October 5, 1789 – August 21, 1798	(none)	(none)	Washington	death
{{{index}}}	John Jay	NY	December 12, 1745 – May 17, 1829	October 19, 1789 – June 29, 1795	October 19, 1789 – June 29, 1795	(none)	Washington	resignation
{{{index}}}	William Cushing	MA	March 1, 1732 – September 13, 1810	February 2, 1790 – September 13, 1810	(none)	(none)	Washington	death
{{{index}}}	John Blair	VA	1732 – August 31, 1800	February 2, 1790 – October 25, 1795	(none)	(none)	Washington	resignation
{{{index}}}	John Rutledge	SC	September 18, 1739 – June 21, 1800	February 15, 1790 – March 5, 1791	(none)	(none)	Washington	resignation
{{{index}}}	James Iredell	NC	October 5, 1751 – October 20, 1799	May 12, 1790 – October 20, 1799	(none)	(none)	Washington	death
{{{index}}}	Thomas Johnson *	MD	November 4, 1732 – October 26, 1819	August 6, 1792 – January 16, 1793	(none)	(none)	Washington	resignation
{{{index}}}	William Paterson	NJ	December 24, 1745 – September 9, 1806	March 11, 1793 – September 9, 1806	(none)	(none)	Washington	death
{{{index}}}	John Rutledge *	SC	September 18, 1739 – June 21, 1800	August 12, 1795 – December 15, 1795	August 12, 1795 – December 15, 1795	(none)	Washington	rejection of recess appointment by Senate
{{{index}}}	Samuel Chase	MD	April 17, 1741 – June 19, 1811	February 4, 1796 – June 19, 1811	(none)	(none)	Washington	death
{{{index}}}	Oliver Ellsworth	CT	April 29, 1745 – November 26, 1807	March 8, 1796 – December 15, 1800	March 8, 1796 – December 15, 1800	(none)	Washington	resignation
{{{index}}}	Bushrod Washington	VA	June 5, 1762 – November 26, 1829	February 4, 1799 – November 26, 1829	(none)	(none)	Adams	death
{{{index}}}	Alfred Moore	NC	May 21, 1755 – October 15, 1810	April 21, 1800 – January 26, 1804	(none)	(none)	Adams	resignation
{{{index}}}	John Marshall	VA	September 24, 1755 – July 6, 1835	February 4, 1801 – July 6, 1835	February 4, 1801 – July 6, 1835	(none)	Adams	death
{{{index}}}	William Johnson	SC	December 27, 1771 – August 4, 1834	May 7, 1804 – August 4, 1834	(none)	(none)	Jefferson	death
{{{index}}}	Henry Brockholst Livingston	NY	November 25, 1757 – March 18, 1823	January 20, 1807 – March 18, 1823	(none)	(none)	Jefferson	death
{{{index}}}	Thomas Todd	KY	January 23, 1765 – February 7, 1826	May 4, 1807 – February 7, 1826	(none)	(none)	Jefferson	death
{{{index}}}	Gabriel Duvall	MD	December 6, 1752 – March 6, 1844	November 23, 1811 – January 14, 1835	(none)	(none)	Madison	resignation
{{{index}}}	Joseph Story	MA	September 18, 1779 – September 10, 1845	February 3, 1812 – September 10, 1845	(none)	(none)	Madison	death
{{{index}}}	Smith Thompson *	NY	January 17, 1768 – December 18, 1843	September 1, 1823 – December 18, 1843	(none)	(none)	Monroe	death
{{{index}}}	Robert Trimble	KY	November 17, 1776 – August 25, 1828	June 16, 1826 – August 25, 1828	(none)	(none)	J. Q. Adams	death
{{{index}}}	John McLean	OH	March 11, 1785 – April 4, 1861	January 11, 1830 – April 4, 1861	(none)	(none)	Jackson	death
{{{index}}}	Henry Baldwin	PA	January 14, 1780 – April 21, 1844	January 18, 1830 – April 21, 1844	(none)	(none)	Jackson	death
{{{index}}}	James Moore Wayne	GA	1790 – July 5, 1867	January 14, 1835 – July 5, 1867	(none)	(none)	Jackson	death
{{{index}}}	Roger Brooke Taney	MD	March 17, 1777 – October 12, 1864	March 28, 1836 – October 12, 1864	March 28, 1836 – October 12, 1864	(none)	Jackson	death
{{{index}}}	Philip Pendleton Barbour	VA	May 25, 1783 – February 25, 1841	May 12, 1836 – February 25, 1841	(none)	(none)	Jackson	death
{{{index}}}	John Catron	TN	1786 – May 30, 1865	May 1, 1837 – May 30, 1865	(none)	(none)	Van Buren	death
{{{index}}}	John McKinley	AL	May 1, 1780 – July 19, 1852	January 9, 1838 – July 19, 1852	(none)	(none)	Van Buren	death
{{{index}}}	Peter Vivian Daniel	VA	April 24, 1784 – May 31, 1860	January 10, 1842 – May 31, 1860	(none)	(none)	Van Buren	death
{{{index}}}	Samuel Nelson	NY	November 10, 1792 – December 13, 1873	February 27, 1845 – November 28, 1872	(none)	(none)	Tyler	retirement
{{{index}}}	Levi Woodbury *	NH	December 22, 1789 – September 4, 1851	September 23, 1845 – September 4, 1851	(none)	(none)	Polk	death
{{{index}}}	Robert Cooper Grier	PA	March 5, 1794 – September 25, 1870	August 10, 1846 – January 31, 1870	(none)	(none)	Polk	retirement
{{{index}}}	Benjamin Robbins Curtis *	MA	November 4, 1809 – September 15, 1874	October 10, 1851 – September 30, 1857	(none)	(none)	Fillmore	resignation
{{{index}}}	John Archibald Campbell	AL	June 24, 1811 – March 12, 1889	April 11, 1853 – April 30, 1861	(none)	(none)	Pierce	resignation
{{{index}}}	Nathan Clifford	ME	August 18, 1803 – July 25, 1881	January 21, 1858 – July 25, 1881	(none)	(none)	Buchanan	death
{{{index}}}	Noah Haynes Swayne	OH	December 7, 1804 – June 8, 1884	January 27, 1862 – January 24, 1881	(none)	(none)	Lincoln	retirement
{{{index}}}	Samuel Freeman Miller	IA	April 5, 1816 – October 13, 1890	July 21, 1862 – October 13, 1890	(none)	(none)	Lincoln	death
{{{index}}}	David Davis	IL	March 9, 1815 – June 26, 1886	December 10, 1862 – March 4, 1877	(none)	(none)	Lincoln	resignation
{{{index}}}	Stephen Johnson Field	CA	November 4, 1816 – April 9, 1899	May 20, 1863 – December 1, 1897	(none)	(none)	Lincoln	retirement
{{{index}}}	Salmon Portland Chase	OH	January 13, 1808 – May 7, 1873	December 15, 1864 – May 7, 1873	December 15, 1864 – May 7, 1873	(none)	Lincoln	death
{{{index}}}	William Strong	PA	May 6, 1808 – August 19, 1895	March 14, 1870 – December 14, 1880	(none)	(none)	Grant	retirement
{{{index}}}	Joseph Philo Bradley	NJ	March 14, 1813 – January 22, 1892	March 23, 1870 – January 22, 1892	(none)	(none)	Grant	death
{{{index}}}	Ward Hunt	NY	June 14, 1810 – March 24, 1886	January 9, 1873 – January 27, 1882	(none)	(none)	Grant	retirement
{{{index}}}	Morrison Remick Waite	OH	November 29, 1816 – March 23, 1888	March 4, 1874 – March 23, 1888	March 4, 1874 – March 23, 1888	(none)	Grant	death
{{{index}}}	John Marshall Harlan	KY	June 1, 1833 – October 14, 1911	December 10, 1877 – October 14, 1911	(none)	(none)	Hayes	death
{{{index}}}	William Burnham Woods	GA	August 3, 1824 – May 14, 1887	January 5, 1881 – May 14, 1887	(none)	(none)	Hayes	death
{{{index}}}	Thomas Stanley Matthews	OH	July 21, 1824 – March 22, 1889	May 17, 1881 – March 22, 1889	(none)	(none)	Garfield	death
{{{index}}}	Horace Gray	MA	March 24, 1828 – September 15, 1902	January 9, 1882 – September 15, 1902	(none)	(none)	Arthur	death
{{{index}}}	Samuel Blatchford	NY	March 9, 1820 – July 7, 1893	April 3, 1882 – July 7, 1893	(none)	(none)	Arthur	death
{{{index}}}	Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar	MS	September 17, 1825 – January 23, 1893	January 18, 1888 – January 23, 1893	(none)	(none)	Cleveland	death
{{{index}}}	Melville Weston Fuller	IL	February 11, 1833 – July 4, 1910	October 8, 1888 – July 4, 1910	October 8, 1888 – July 4, 1910	(none)	Cleveland	death
{{{index}}}	David Josiah Brewer	KS	June 20, 1837 – March 28, 1910	January 6, 1890 – March 28, 1910	(none)	(none)	Harrison	death
{{{index}}}	Henry Billings Brown	MI	March 2, 1836 – September 4, 1913	January 5, 1891 – May 28, 1906	(none)	(none)	Harrison	retirement
{{{index}}}	George Shiras, Jr.	PA	January 26, 1832 – August 2, 1924	October 10, 1892 – February 23, 1903	(none)	(none)	Harrison	retirement
{{{index}}}	Howell Edmunds Jackson	TN	April 8, 1832 – August 8, 1895	March 4, 1893 – August 8, 1895	(none)	(none)	Harrison	death
{{{index}}}	Edward Douglass White	LA	November 3, 1845 – May 19, 1921	March 12, 1894 – May 19, 1921	December 19, 1910 – May 19, 1921	(none)	Cleveland (associate) Taft (chief)(a)	death
{{{index}}}	Rufus Wheeler Peckham	NY	November 8, 1838 – October 24, 1909	January 6, 1896 – October 24, 1909	(none)	(none)	Cleveland	death
{{{index}}}	Joseph McKenna	CA	August 10, 1843 – November 21, 1926	January 26, 1898 – January 5, 1925	(none)	(none)	McKinley	retirement
{{{index}}}	Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.*	MA	March 8, 1841 – March 6, 1935	December 8, 1902 – January 12, 1932	(none)	(none)	T. Roosevelt	retirement
{{{index}}}	William Rufus Day	OH	April 7, 1849 – July 9, 1923	March 2, 1903 – November 13, 1922	(none)	(none)	T. Roosevelt	retirement
{{{index}}}	William Henry Moody	MA	December 23, 1853 – July 2, 1917	December 17, 1906 – November 20, 1910	(none)	(none)	T. Roosevelt	retirement(b)
{{{index}}}	Horace Harmon Lurton	TN	February 26, 1844 – July 12, 1914	January 3, 1910 – July 12, 1914	(none)	(none)	Taft	death
{{{index}}}	Charles Evans Hughes	NY	April 11, 1862 – August 27, 1948	October 10, 1910 – June 10, 1916	(none)	(none)	Taft	resignation
{{{index}}}	Willis Van Devanter	WY	April 17, 1859 – June 2, 1937	January 3, 1911 – June 2, 1937	(none)	(none)	Taft	death
{{{index}}}	Joseph Rucker Lamar	GA	October 14, 1857 – January 2, 1916	January 3, 1911 – January 2, 1916	(none)	(none)	Taft	death
{{{index}}}	Mahlon Pitney	NJ	February 5, 1858 – December 9, 1924	March 18, 1912 – December 31, 1922	(none)	(none)	Taft	resignation
{{{index}}}	James Clark McReynolds	TN	February 3, 1862 – August 24, 1946	October 12, 1914 – January 31, 1941	(none)	January 31, 1941 – August 24, 1946	Wilson	death
{{{index}}}	Louis Dembitz Brandeis	MA	November 13, 1856 – October 5, 1941	June 5, 1916 – February 13, 1939	(none)	February 13, 1939 – October 5, 1941	Wilson	death
{{{index}}}	John Hessin Clarke	OH	September 18, 1857 – March 22, 1945	October 9, 1916 – September 18, 1922	(none)	(none)	Wilson	resignation
{{{index}}}	William Howard Taft	OH	September 15, 1857 – March 8, 1930	July 11, 1921 – February 3, 1930	July 11, 1921 – February 3, 1930	(none)	Harding	resignation(c)
{{{index}}}	George Sutherland	UT	March 25, 1862 – July 18, 1942	October 2, 1922 – January 17, 1938	(none)	January 17, 1938 – July 18, 1942	Harding	death
{{{index}}}	Pierce Butler	MN	March 17, 1866 – November 16, 1939	January 2, 1923 – November 16, 1939	(none)	(none)	Harding	death
{{{index}}}	Edward Terry Sanford	TN	July 23, 1865 – March 8, 1930	February 19, 1923 – March 8, 1930	(none)	(none)	Harding	death
{{{index}}}	Harlan Fiske Stone	NY	October 11, 1872 – April 22, 1946	March 2, 1925 – April 22, 1946	July 3, 1941 – April 22, 1946	(none)	Coolidge (associate) F. Roosevelt (chief)(a)	death
{{{index}}}	Charles Evans Hughes	NY	April 11, 1862 – August 27, 1948	February 24, 1930 – June 30, 1941	February 24, 1930 – June 30, 1941	(none)	Hoover	retirement
{{{index}}}	Owen Josephus Roberts	PA	May 2, 1875 – May 17, 1955	June 2, 1930 – July 31, 1945	(none)	(none)	Hoover	resignation
{{{index}}}	Benjamin Nathan Cardozo	NY	May 24, 1870 – July 9, 1938	March 14, 1932 – July 9, 1938	(none)	(none)	Hoover	death
{{{index}}}	Hugo LaFayette Black	AL	February 27, 1886 – September 25, 1971	August 19, 1937 – September 17, 1971	(none)	September 17, 1971 – September 25, 1971	F. Roosevelt	death
{{{index}}}	Stanley Forman Reed	KY	December 31, 1884 – April 2, 1980	January 31, 1938 – February 25, 1957	(none)	February 25, 1957 – April 2, 1980	F. Roosevelt	death
{{{index}}}	Felix Frankfurter	MA	November 15, 1882 – February 22, 1965	January 30, 1939 – August 28, 1962	(none)	August 28, 1962 – February 22, 1965	F. Roosevelt	death
{{{index}}}	William Orville Douglas	CT	October 16, 1898 – January 19, 1980	April 17, 1939 – November 12, 1975	(none)	November 12, 1975 – January 19, 1980	F. Roosevelt	death
{{{index}}}	Francis William Murphy	MI	April 13, 1890 – July 19, 1949	February 5, 1940 – July 19, 1949	(none)	(none)	F. Roosevelt	death
{{{index}}}	James Francis Byrnes	SC	May 2, 1879 – April 9, 1972	July 8, 1941 – October 3, 1942	(none)	(none)	F. Roosevelt	resignation
{{{index}}}	Robert Houghwout Jackson	NY	February 13, 1892 – October 9, 1954	July 11, 1941 – October 9, 1954	(none)	(none)	F. Roosevelt	death
{{{index}}}	Wiley Blount Rutledge	IA	July 20, 1894 – September 10, 1949	February 15, 1943 – September 10, 1949	(none)	(none)	F. Roosevelt	death
{{{index}}}	Harold Hitz Burton	OH	June 22, 1888 – October 28, 1964	October 1, 1945 – October 13, 1958	(none)	October 13, 1958 – October 28, 1964	Truman	death
{{{index}}}	Frederick Moore Vinson	KY	January 22, 1890 – September 8, 1953	June 24, 1946 – September 8, 1953	June 24, 1946 – September 8, 1953	(none)	Truman	death
{{{index}}}	Thomas Campbell Clark	TX	September 23, 1899 – June 13, 1977	August 24, 1949 – June 12, 1967	(none)	June 12, 1967 – June 13, 1977	Truman	death
{{{index}}}	Sherman Minton	IN	October 20, 1890 – April 9, 1965	October 12, 1949 – October 15, 1956	(none)	October 15, 1956 – April 9, 1965	Truman	death
{{{index}}}	Earl Warren *	CA	March 19, 1891 – July 9, 1974	October 5, 1953 – June 23, 1969	October 5, 1953 – June 23, 1969	June 23, 1969 – July 9, 1974	Eisenhower	death
{{{index}}}	John Marshall Harlan II	NY	May 20, 1899 – December 29, 1971	March 28, 1955 – September 23, 1971	(none)	September 23, 1971 – December 29, 1971	Eisenhower	death
{{{index}}}	William Joseph Brennan *	NJ	April 25, 1906 – July 24, 1997	October 16, 1956 – July 20, 1990	(none)	July 20, 1990 – July 24, 1997	Eisenhower	death
{{{index}}}	Charles Evans Whittaker	MO	February 22, 1901 – November 26, 1973	March 25, 1957 – March 31, 1962	(none)	March 31, 1962 – September 30, 1965	Eisenhower	resignation
{{{index}}}	Potter Stewart *	OH	January 23, 1915 – December 7, 1985	October 14, 1958 – July 3, 1981	(none)	July 3, 1981 – December 7, 1985	Eisenhower	death
{{{index}}}	Byron Raymond White	CO	June 8, 1917 – April 15, 2002	April 16, 1962 – June 28, 1993	(none)	June 28, 1993 – April 15, 2002	Kennedy	death
{{{index}}}	Arthur Joseph Goldberg	IL	August 8, 1908 – January 19, 1990	October 1, 1962 – July 25, 1965	(none)	(none)	Kennedy	resignation
{{{index}}}	Abe Fortas	TN	June 19, 1910 – April 5, 1982	October 4, 1965 – May 14, 1969	(none)	(none)	Johnson	resignation
{{{index}}}	Thurgood Marshall	NY	July 2, 1908 – January 24, 1993	October 2, 1967 – October 1, 1991	(none)	October 1, 1991 – January 24, 1993	Johnson	death
{{{index}}}	Warren Earl Burger	VA	September 17, 1907 – June 25, 1995	June 23, 1969 – September 26, 1986	June 23, 1969 – September 26, 1986	September 26, 1986 – June 25, 1995	Nixon	death
{{{index}}}	Harry Andrew Blackmun	MN	November 12, 1908 – March 4, 1999	June 9, 1970 – August 3, 1994	(none)	August 3, 1994 – March 4, 1999	Nixon	death
{{{index}}}	Lewis Franklin Powell, Jr.	VA	September 19, 1907 – August 25, 1998	January 7, 1972 – June 26, 1987	(none)	June 26, 1987 – August 25, 1998	Nixon	death
{{{index}}}	William Hubbs Rehnquist	AZ	October 1, 1924 – September 3, 2005	January 7, 1972 – September 3, 2005	September 26, 1986 – September 3, 2005	(none)	Nixon (associate) Reagan (chief)(a)	death
{{{index}}}	John Paul Stevens	IL	April 20, 1920 – present	December 19, 1975 – present	(none)	—	Ford	—
{{{index}}}	Sandra Day O'Connor	AZ	March 26, 1930 – present	September 23, 1981 – present(d)	(none)	—	Reagan	—
{{{index}}}	Antonin Scalia	VA	March 11, 1936 – present	September 26, 1986 – present	(none)	—	Reagan	—
{{{index}}}	Anthony McLeod Kennedy	CA	July 23, 1936 – present	February 18, 1988 – present	(none)	—	Reagan	—
{{{index}}}	David Hackett Souter	NH	September 17, 1939 – present	October 9, 1990 – present	(none)	—	G. H. W. Bush	—
{{{index}}}	Clarence Thomas	GA	June 23, 1948 – present	October 23, 1991 – present	(none)	—	G. H. W. Bush	—
{{{index}}}	Ruth Joan Bader Ginsburg	NY	March 15, 1933 – present	August 10, 1993 – present	(none)	—	Clinton	—
{{{index}}}	Stephen Gerald Breyer	MA	August 15, 1938 – present	August 3, 1994 – present	(none)	—	Clinton	—
{{{index}}}	John Glover Roberts, Jr.	MD	January 27, 1955 – present	September 29, 2005 – present	September 29, 2005 – present	—	G. W. Bush	—

^(a) This individual was elevated from Associate Justice to Chief Justice. Unlike the inferior courts, the Chief Justice is separately nominated and subject to a separate confirmation process, regardless of whether or not (s)he is already an Associate Justice.

^(b) There is some disagreement on how Moody exited office. According to the Federal Judicial Center, Moody resigned. According to the Supreme Court Historical Society, Moody retired. It turns out that the confusion comes from the fact that Moody was allowed to retire by special act of Congress in 1910 due to prolonged ill health. (Moody did not meet the minimum age and service requirements to retire without this waiver.)

^(c) There is some disagreement on how William Howard Taft exited office. According to some sources, such as the Supreme Court Historical Society, Taft retired. According to others, such as the Federal Judicial Center, Taft resigned.

^(d) Although Justice Sandra Day O'Connor announced her retirement from active service on July 1, 2005, it will not be effective until her successor is confirmed. John G. Roberts, Jr. was nominated to fill her seat. However, his nomination as O'Connor's successor was withdrawn when he was nominated to the position of Chief Justice following the death of William Rehnquist.

Justices by seat

There have been a total of eleven seats: one Chief Justiceship and ten Associate Justiceships. Two of the Associate Justiceships were abolished, leaving the nine-seat Court of today.

The Judicial Circuits Act of July 23, 1866 [14 Stat. 209] provided that an Associate Justiceship would be abolished as it became vacant until there were six Associate Justiceships. Since there were nine Associate Justiceships, three were to be abolished:

• Seat 7 was vacant when it passed, and hence was abolished on July 23, 1866. John Catron was its first last occupant.
• Seat 5 was abolished upon the death of James Moore Wayne on July 5, 1867.
• The Circuit Judges Act of 1869 [see 16 Stat. 44] superseded the Judicial Circuits Act before a third seat could be abolished.

The Associate Justiceships are numbered in order of their creation. If seats were established simultaneously, they are numbered in the order in which they were filled.

Chief Justice The seat of Chief Justice was established by the Constitution and organized on September 24, 1789 by the Judiciary Act of 1789 [see 1 Stat. 73]. Jay October 19, 1789 – June 29, 1795 J. Rutledge August 12, 1795 – December 15, 1795 Ellsworth March 8, 1796 – December 15, 1800 J. Marshall February 4, 1801 – July 6, 1835 Taney March 28, 1836 – October 12, 1864 S.P. Chase December 15, 1864 – May 7, 1873 Waite March 4, 1874 – March 23, 1888 Fuller October 8, 1888 – July 4, 1910 E. White December 19, 1910 – May 19, 1921 Taft July 11, 1921 – February 3, 1930 Hughes February 24, 1930 – June 30, 1941 Stone July 3, 1941 – April 22, 1946 Vinson June 24, 1946 – September 8, 1953 Warren October 5, 1953 – June 23, 1969 Burger June 23, 1969 – September 26, 1986 Rehnquist September 26, 1986 – September 3, 2005 J. Roberts September 29, 2005 – present

Associate Justice (Seat 1) This seat was established on September 24, 1789 by the Judiciary Act of 1789 [see 1 Stat. 73]. Wilson October 5, 1789 – August 21, 1798 Washington February 4, 1799 – November 26, 1829 Baldwin January 18, 1830 – April 21, 1844 Grier August 10, 1846 – January 31, 1870 Strong March 14, 1870 – December 14, 1880 Woods January 5, 1881 – May 14, 1887 L. Lamar January 18, 1888 – January 23, 1893 H. Jackson March 4, 1893 – August 8, 1895 Peckham January 6, 1896 – October 24, 1909 Lurton January 3, 1910 – July 12, 1914 McReynolds October 12, 1914 – January 31, 1941 Byrnes July 8, 1941 – October 3, 1942 W. Rutledge February 15, 1943 – September 10, 1949 Minton October 12, 1949 – October 15, 1956 Brennan October 16, 1956 – July 20, 1990 Souter October 9, 1990 – present

Associate Justice (Seat 2) This seat was established on September 24, 1789 by the Judiciary Act of 1789 [see 1 Stat. 73]. Cushing February 2, 1790 – September 13, 1810 Story February 3, 1812 – September 10, 1845 Woodbury September 23, 1845 – September 4, 1851 Curtis October 10, 1851 – September 30, 1857 Clifford January 21, 1858 – July 25, 1881 Gray January 9, 1882 – September 15, 1902 Holmes December 8, 1902 – January 12, 1932 Cardozo March 14, 1932 – July 9, 1938 Frankfurter January 30, 1939 – August 28, 1962 Goldberg October 1, 1962 – July 25, 1965 Fortas October 4, 1965 – May 14, 1969 Blackmun June 9, 1970 – August 3, 1994 Breyer August 3, 1994 – present

Associate Justice (Seat 3) This seat was established on September 24, 1789 by the Judiciary Act of 1789 [see 1 Stat. 73]. Blair February 2, 1790 – October 25, 1795 S. Chase February 4, 1796 – June 19, 1811 Duvall November 23, 1811 – January 14, 1835 Barbour May 12, 1836 – February 25, 1841 Daniel January 10, 1842 – May 31, 1860 Miller July 21, 1862 – October 13, 1890 Brown January 5, 1891 – May 28, 1906 Moody December 17, 1906 – November 20, 1910 J. Lamar January 3, 1911 – January 2, 1916 Brandeis June 5, 1916 – February 13, 1939 Douglas April 17, 1939 – November 12, 1975 Stevens December 19, 1975 – present

Associate Justice (Seat 4) This seat was established on September 24, 1789 by the Judiciary Act of 1789 [see 1 Stat. 73]. J. Rutledge February 15, 1790 – March 5, 1791 T. Johnson August 6, 1792 – January 16, 1793 Paterson March 11, 1793 – September 9, 1806 Livingston January 20, 1807 – March 18, 1823 Thompson September 1, 1823 – December 18, 1843 Nelson February 27, 1845 – November 28, 1872 Hunt January 9, 1873 – January 27, 1882 Blatchford April 3, 1882 – July 7, 1893 White March 12, 1894 – December 18, 1910 Van Devanter January 3, 1911 – June 2, 1937 Black August 19, 1937 – September 17, 1971 Powell January 7, 1972 – June 26, 1987 Kennedy February 18, 1988 – present

Associate Justice (Seat 5) This seat was established on September 24, 1789 by the Judiciary Act of 1789 [see 1 Stat. 73]. Iredell May 12, 1790 – October 20, 1799 Moore April 21, 1800 – January 26, 1804 W. Johnson May 7, 1804 – August 4, 1834 Wayne January 14, 1835 – July 5, 1867 This seat was abolished upon the death of James Moore Wayne per the Judicial Circuits Act [see 14 Stat. 209].

Associate Justice (Seat 6) This seat was established on February 24, 1807 by the Seventh Circuit Act [see 2 Stat. 420]. Todd May 4, 1807 – February 7, 1826 Trimble June 16, 1826 – August 25, 1828 McLean January 11, 1830 – April 4, 1861 Swayne January 27, 1862 – January 24, 1881 Matthews May 17, 1881 – March 22, 1889 Brewer January 6, 1890 – March 28, 1910 Hughes October 10, 1910 – June 10, 1916 Clarke October 9, 1916 – September 18, 1922 Sutherland October 2, 1922 – January 17, 1938 Reed January 31, 1938 – February 25, 1957 Whittaker March 25, 1957 – March 31, 1962 White April 16, 1962 – June 28, 1993 Ginsburg August 10, 1993 – present

Associate Justice (Seat 7) This seat was established on March 3, 1837 by the Eighth and Ninth Circuits Act [see 5 Stat. 176]. Catron May 1, 1837 – May 30, 1865 This seat was abolished on July 23, 1866 by the Judicial Circuits Act [see 14 Stat. 209].

Associate Justice (Seat 8) This seat was established on March 3, 1837 by the Eighth and Ninth Circuits Act [see 5 Stat. 176]. McKinley January 9, 1838 – July 19, 1852 Campbell April 11, 1853 – April 30, 1861 Davis December 10, 1862 – March 4, 1877 Harlan (I) December 10, 1877 – October 14, 1911 Pitney March 18, 1912 – December 31, 1922 Sanford February 19, 1923 – March 8, 1930 O. Roberts June 2, 1930 – July 31, 1945 Burton October 1, 1945 – October 13, 1958 Stewart October 14, 1958 – July 3, 1981 O'Connor September 25, 1981 – present(a)

Associate Justice (Seat 9) This seat was established on March 3, 1863 by the Tenth Circuit Act [see 12 Stat. 794]. Field May 20, 1863 – December 1, 1897 McKenna January 26, 1898 – January 5, 1925 Stone March 2, 1925 – July 2, 1941 R. Jackson July 11, 1941 – October 9, 1954 Harlan (II) March 28, 1955 – September 23, 1971 Rehnquist January 7, 1972 – September 26, 1986 Scalia September 26, 1986 – present

Associate Justice (Seat 10) This seat was established on April 10, 1869 by the Circuit Judges Act of 1869 [see 16 Stat. 44]. Bradley March 23, 1870 – January 22, 1892 Shiras October 10, 1892 – February 23, 1903 Day March 2, 1903 – November 13, 1922 Butler January 2, 1923 – November 16, 1939 Murphy February 5, 1940 – July 19, 1949 Clark August 24, 1949 – June 12, 1967 T. Marshall October 2, 1967 – October 1, 1991 Thomas October 23, 1991 – present

^(a) Although Justice Sandra Day O'Connor announced her retirement from active service on July 1, 2005, it will not be effective until her successor is confirmed. John G. Roberts, Jr. was nominated to fill her seat. However, his nomination as O'Connor's successor was withdrawn when he was nominated to the position of Chief Justice following the death of William Rehnquist.

References

• "Judges of the United States Courts". Official website of the Federal Judicial Center. November 21. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  • source for term of senior service, reason service terminated, and seat information
• "Members of the Supreme Court from the Supreme Court of the United States" (PDF). Official website of the Supreme Court of the United States. May 29. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  • PDF (28 kB)
  • source for state, appointer, and term of active service

External links

• Decisions and biography by Justice
• Thorough Supreme Court site by Northwestern University
• Biographies of Supreme Court Justices at michaelariens.com
• The Supreme Court Historical Society