Jump to content

Lexington, Kentucky

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by John Reaves (talk | contribs) at 23:15, 20 October 2008 (Undid revision 246323361 by 24.154.48.214 (talk)). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Lexington, Kentucky
Nickname(s): 
"Horse Capital of the World", "Athens of the West"
Location in the Commonwealth of Kentucky
Location in the Commonwealth of Kentucky
CountryUnited States
StateKentucky
CountiesFayette
Government
 • MayorJim Newberry (D)
Area
 • City285.5 sq mi (739.5 km2)
 • Land284.5 sq mi (736.9 km2)
 • Water1.0 sq mi (2.6 km2)
Elevation
978 ft (298 m)
Population
 (2006)
 • City270,789
 • Density953/sq mi (364.5/km2)
 • Metro
436,684
Time zoneUTC-5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (EDT)
ZIP Code
40502-40517, 40522-40524, 40526, 40533, 40536, 40544, 40546, 40550, 40555, 40574-40583, 40588, 40591, 40598
Websitehttp://www.lfucg.com/

Lexington (officially Lexington-Fayette Urban County) is the second-largest city in Kentucky and the 66th largest in the United States. Known as the "Horse Capital of the World," it is located in the heart of Kentucky's Bluegrass region. The population was estimated at 270,789 in 2006,[1] anchoring a metropolitan area of 436,684 people[2] and a Combined Statistical Area of 645,006 people.[3]

Lexington ranks 10th among US cities in college education rate, with 39.5% of residents having at least a Bachelor's Degree. It is home to the headquarters of Lexmark International, the Kentucky Horse Park, Keeneland race course, Red Mile race course, Transylvania University, and the University of Kentucky.

Lexington has been selected to be the site of the 2010 FEI World Equestrian Games.[4]

History

See also: History of Kentucky
Henry Clay's old law office in Downtown Lexington

Lexington was founded in June 1775 in what was then Virginia (17 years before Kentucky became a state in 1792). A party of frontiersmen, led by William McConnell, camped on the Middle Fork of Elkhorn Creek (today called Town Branch and rerouted under Vine Street) at the location known today as McConnell Springs. Upon hearing of the colonists' victory in the Battles of Lexington and Concord, on April 19, 1775, they named their campsite Lexington after Lexington, Massachusetts. Due to the danger of Indian attacks, permanent settlement was delayed for four years. In 1779, Colonel Robert Patterson and 25 companions came from Fort Harrod and erected a blockhouse. Cabins and a stockade were soon built, making the fort a place of importance. The town of Lexington was established on May 6, 1782, by an act of the Virginia General Assembly.

By 1820, it was one of the largest and wealthiest towns west of the Allegheny Mountains. So cultured was its lifestyle, Lexington gained the nickname "Athens of the West." One early prominent citizen, John Wesley Hunt, became the first millionaire west of the Alleghenies. Slaves were widely held and used as laborers, field hands and domestic servants in Kentucky. In 1850, 1/5 of the state's population were slaves, and Lexington had the highest concentration of slaves in the state.

Victorian Square in Downtown Lexington

Many of 19th Century America's most important people spent part of their lives in the city, including both American president Abraham Lincoln and Confederate President Jefferson Davis (who attended Transylvania University in 1823 and 1824), Civil War General John Hunt Morgan, US senator and vice president John C. Breckinridge, and US Senator and presidential candidate Henry Clay. Lincoln's wife, Mary Todd Lincoln, was born and raised in Lexington; the couple visited the city several times after their marriage in 1842.

Lexington hosted one of the first drug rehabilitation clinics, known as the "Addiction Research Center," which opened in 1935 [5]. The first alcohol and drug rehabilitation hospital in the United States of America was also known as "Narco" of Lexington, as well as the "Addiction Research Center". This was later converted into a federal prison.

Geography

Vine & Broadway in Downtown Lexington

Lexington, which includes all Fayette County consists of 285.5 square miles (739.4 km2), mostly gently rolling plateau, in the center of the inner Bluegrass Region. The area is noted for its beauty, fertile soil, excellent pastureland, and horse and stock farms. Poa pratensis (bluegrass) thrives on the limestone beneath the soil's surface, playing a major role in the area's scenic beauty and in the development of champion horses. Numerous small creeks rise and flow into the Kentucky River. The Lexington-Fayette Metro area is home to 5 counties that make up the metro area. These counties include: Clark, Madison, Bourbon, Woodford, and Scott. This is the 2nd largest metro area in the Ohio Valley and in Kentucky.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 739.5 km² (285.5 mi²). 736.9 km² (284.5 mi²) of it is land and 2.6 km² (1.0 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.35% water. [6]

Climate

Lexington is in the transition area between a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa)and a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa). Summers are hot and humid, and winters are cool with mild periods.

The average temperature in Lexington is 54.9 °F (13 °C). Annual precipitation is 45.68 inches (1,200 mm). Lexington and the Bluegrass have four distinct seasons that include cool plateau breezes, moderate nights in the summer, and no prolonged periods of heat, cold, rain, wind, or snow.

Lexington has the dubious distinction of being recognized as a high allergy area by the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America. [7] The results for the spring of 2008 rank Lexington at 1st.

Monthly Normal and Record High and Low Temperatures
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Rec High °F 76 80 83 88 92 101 103 103 103 91 83 75
Norm High °F 39.9 45.2 55.3 65.1 74 82.3 85.9 84.6 78.1 66.9 54.5 44.3
Norm Low °F 24.1 27.7 35.9 44.1 53.6 62.2 66.4 64.9 57.9 46.4 37.3 28.4
Rec Low °F -21 -15 -2 18 26 39 47 42 34 20 -3 -19
Precip (in) 3.34 3.27 4.41 3.67 4.78 4.58 4.81 3.77 3.11 2.7 3.44 4.03
Source: USTravelWeather.com [3]

Cityscape

Construction site of Centre Point, which will be the city's tallest building at 445 feet
Main article: Cityscape of Lexington, Kentucky

Lexington features a diverse cityscape. From its vibrant downtown that features much-needed infill projects to its famed horse farms, the city prides itself in featuring an urban growth boundary that includes greenbelts and strict zoning definitions. This has been done to not only protect the Bluegrass landscape from further sprawling development, but to ensure that tourism, one of its leading industries,[citation needed] is not affected.

The city is home to several notable high rises. The Lexington Financial Center is currently the tallest building, followed by Kincaid Towers, and then the World Trade Center complex. It is also home to many other notable structures, and to many new urban developments within two major districts. In recent years a number of large condominium projects and shopping centers have opened in the old Tobacco Warehouse District just south of Downtown. Construction is also ongoing on the city's new tallest building, Centre Point, which will be 445 feet (136 m) tall when completed in 2010.[8]

Planning

Lexington's strict urban growth boundary protects area horse farms from development.

Lexington faces a unique challenge among American cities in that it must manage a rapidly growing population while maintaining the charactor of the surrounding horse farms which give the region its identity. To do so Lexington enacted the nation's first Urban Growth Boundary in 1958, where new development could only occur in the Urban Service Area and set a strict minimum acerage requirement (currently 40 acres) in the Rural Service Area [9]. A historic District Zoning Overlay was adopted as well to protect the historic character of the surrounding neighborhoods.

Cheapside Ave in Downtown

Two years later, a comprehensive Design Plan for the downtown was completed [10], which called for the removal of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway lines on what is today's Vine Street. In 1967, the Urban Service Area shrunk; various zoning regulations were also amended from the original 1958 issue. Several years later, in 1973, the first Lexington Comprehensive Plan was completed.

In 1980, the Comprehensive Plan was updated and the Urban Service Area was modified to include Urban Activity Centers and Rural Activity Centers [10]. The Urban Activity Centers were commercial and light-industrial districts in urbanized areas, while Rural Activity Centers were retail trade and light-industrial centers clustered around the Interstate 64/Interstate 75 interchanges. In 1996, the Urban Service Area was expanded when 5,300 acres (21 km2) of the Rural Service Area was acquired through the Expansion Area Master Plan [9]. This was not without its controversy, as it was the first major update to the Comprehensive Plan in over a decade [10]. The Expansion Area Master Plan included impact fees, assessment districts, neighborhood design concepts, design overlays, mandatory greenways, major roadway improvements, stormwater management and open space mitigation for the first time; it also included a draft of the Rural Land Management Plan, which included large lot zoning and traffic impact controls. A pre-zoning of the entire expansion area was refuted in the Plan. A 50-acre (200,000 m2) minimum proposal was also defeated, although the mention of the proposal led to a deluge of 10-acre (40,000 m2) subdivisions in the Rural Service Areas [10].

Bondurant's Pharmacy on Versailles Road

Three years after the expansion was initiated, the Rural Service Area Land Management Plan was adopted, which increased the minimum lot size in the agricultural rural zones to 40 acre minimums [9]. In 1998, a moratorium was issued on rural lot creations to curb the development of new rural 10 acre subdivisions that were incompatible with the existing agricultural uses. Two years later, the Purchase of Development Rights plan was adopted, which granted the city power to purchase the development rights of existing farms; in 2001, $40 million was allocated to the plan from a $25 million local, $15 million state grant [10]. An Infill and Redevelopment study was also initiated during that time, along with design guidelines for the areas surrounding the new Fayette County courthouses.

Government and politics

In 1974, the governments of the city of Lexington and Fayette County, Kentucky combined to create the current Lexington-Fayette Urban County Government. Lexington has an elected mayor and city council-style of government.

Mayor

On November 7, 2006, Jim Newberry was elected Mayor of Lexington.[11] In January 2007, he succeeded Teresa Isaac, the city's mayor since 2002. During Isaac's tenure as Mayor, Lexington was the largest American city with an Arab-American mayor.[12]

Urban County Council

The Urban County Council is a fifteen-member legislative group. Twelve of the members represent specific districts and serve two-year terms; three are elected city-wide as at-large council members and serve four-year terms. The at-large member receiving the highest number of votes in the general election automatically becomes the Vice Mayor who, in the absence of the Mayor, is the presiding officer of the Council. The current council members are:

  • Jim Gray: Vice Mayor
  • Linda Gorton: At-Large
  • Chuck Ellinger II: At-Large
  • 1st District: Andrea James
  • 2nd District: Tom Blues
  • 3rd District: Dick DeCamp
  • 4th District: Julian Beard
  • 5th District: David Stevens
  • 6th District: Kevin Stinnett
  • 7th District: K. C. Crosbie
  • 8th District: George Myers
  • 9th District: Jay McChord
  • 10th District: Don Blevins
  • 11th District: Peggy Henson
  • 12th District: Ed Lane

The Urban County Council Clerk is Liz Damrell. The Deputy Clerk is Susan Lamb.

Law enforcement

Primary law enforcement duties within Lexington are the responsibility of the Lexington-Fayette Urban County Government Division of Police. The Division of Police resulted from the merger of the Lexington Police Department with the Fayette County Patrol in 1974. The Fayette County Sheriff's Office is responsible for court service, including court security, prisoner transport, process and warrant service, and property tax collection. The University of Kentucky Police Department, the Transylvania University Department of Public Safety, Blue Grass Airport Public Safety, the Veterans Affairs Police Department and the Kentucky Horse Park Police also have jurisdiction within their geographic areas in Lexington-Fayette County. In addition, the Lexington-Fayette Animal Care & Control exercises law enforcement over animal control issues and the Kentucky State Police, Kentucky Vehicle Enforcement and Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources can be seen performing their respective law enforcement duties within the county.

Demographics

Calvary Baptist Church, Lexington
Transylvania University's College of the Bible, now the Lexington Theological Seminary.

The Lexington-Fayette Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) includes Bourbon, Clark, Fayette, Jessamine, Scott, and Woodford counties. The MSA population in 2006 was estimated at 436,684.[2] The Lexington-Fayette-Frankfort-Richmond, KY Combined Statistical Area had an estimated population of 645,006 in 2006. This includes the metro area and an additional seven counties.[3]

As of the censusTemplate:GR of 2000, there were 260,512 people, 108,288 households, and 62,915 families residing in the city. The population density was 915.6 people per square mile (353.5/km²). There were 116,167 housing units at an average density of 408.3/mi² (157.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 81.04% White, 13.48% African American, 0.19% Native American, 2.46% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 1.21% from other races, and 1.58% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.29% of the population.

There were 108,288 households out of which 27.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.5% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.9% were non-families. 31.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the city the population was spread out with 21.3% under the age of 18, 14.6% from 18 to 24, 33.2% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 10.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 96.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $39,813, and the median income for a family was $53,264. Males had a median income of $36,166 versus $26,964 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,109. About 8.2% of families and 12.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.3% of those under the age of 18 and 8.6% of those ages 65 and older.


Sources:

  • 1790 to 1960 census: [13]
  • 1970 census: [14]
  • 1980 census: [15]
  • 1990 census: [16]
  • 2000 to 2005 census: [17]
  • 2006 census: [1]

Economy

Main article: Economy of Lexington, Kentucky
See also: List of major employers in Lexington, Kentucky

With its abundance of government and technology jobs, Lexington has one the nation's most stable economies. Economists have referred to Lexington as having "a fortified economy, strong in manufacturing, technology and entrepreneurial support, benefiting from a diverse, balanced business base". [18] The Lexington Metro Area had a July 2008 unemployment rate of only 5.4%[19], compared to national average of 6.1%. Lexington was named the 5th best city for "Businesses and Careers" in 2008 by Forbes Magazine [20], and the 5th best city for Young Professionals in 2008 by Kiplinger [21]

As such, the city is home to several large corporations. There are two Fortune 500 companies located within the city, Affiliated Computer Services and Lexmark International, employing 1,200 and 3,450 respectively. [22] United Parcel Service, Trane and Amazon.com, Inc. have a large presence in the city, and Toyota Motor Manufacturing Kentucky is within the Lexington CSA in adjoining Georgetown. The city is also host to a Jif peanut butter plant that produces more peanut butter than any other factory in the world, [23] and to the Forcht Group of Kentucky, a holding company that employs more than 2,100 people across Kentucky. Forcht Group operates several businesses in Lexington including First Corbin Bancorp, Kentucky National Insurance Company, My Favorite Things, BSC, a bank data services company, and First Lab, among others.

Another large employer, the University of Kentucky employs 10,668,[22] however, it does not include the College of Agriculture’s Cooperative Extension Service which has a staff of over 900.[24] The University is the ninth largest economic company in the state of Kentucky, with an annual budget of $1.4 billion, and the College of Medicine within the University is the 21st largest company in the state.

Other sizable employers include the Lexington-Fayette County government and other hospital facilities. This includes the Fayette County Public Schools, employing 4,651, and the Lexington-Fayette Urban County Government, employing 3,936. Central Baptist Hospital, Saint Joseph Hospital, Saint Joseph East, and the Veterans Administration Hospital employ 6,206 total. [22]

Education

See also: List of schools in Lexington, Kentucky
File:Memorialhall.jpg
Memorial Hall on the University of Kentucky campus.

According to the United States Census, of Lexington's population over the age of twenty-five, 22.4% hold a bachelor's degree, 11.4% hold a master's degree, and 3.1% hold a professional degree. Just 2.6% hold a doctorate degree. Lexington was also ranked 10th in a list of America's most educated cities with a population of more than 250,000, ranked by percentage of bachelor's degrees among residents 25 and older, according to the United States Census Bureau.[25] A report released by Jack Miller, president of Central Connecticut State University, Lexington ranks 13th in the United States in terms of literacy rate. [26] The index was compiled through six indicators of literacy, including Internet sources, newspaper circulation, the number of bookstores, library resources, education and periodical resources.

The city is served by the Fayette County Public Schools. The system consists of 7 high schools, 11 middle schools, and 33 elementary schools, along with six private schools. There are also two traditional colleges, the University of Kentucky and Transylvania University. Other institutions of higher learning include Bluegrass Community and Technical College, Sullivan University, Spencerian College, Strayer University, Commonwealth Baptist College, and a newly opened distance learning extension of Indiana Wesleyan University.

Culture

The Lexington History Center in downtown Lexington. Before it was converted into a museum, the building was used as the Fayette County courthouse.

Annual cultural events and fairs

Lexington is home to many thriving arts organizations including a professional orchestra, two ballet companies, professional theatre, several museums including a basketball museum, several choral organizations and a highly respected opera program at the University of Kentucky. In addition, there are several events and fairs that draw people from throughout the Bluegrass.

Mayfest is a free outdoor festival that takes place annually over Mother's Day weekend. Held in Gratz park between the Carnegie Center and Transylvania University, the festival typically features up to 100 art and craft booths, live entertainment throughout the weekend, food, children's activities, adult activities and literary events, free carriage rides, a traditional Morris and Maypole dance and various demonstrations.

Taking part the first full weekend of June is the Festival of the Bluegrass, Kentucky's oldest bluegrass music festival. It includes three stages for music and a "music camp" that teaches the bluegrass music to school children. Also in June is the popular Broadway review presented by UK Opera Theatre, "It's A Grand Night for Singing!"

Lexingtonians gather downtown for the Fourth of July festivities which extend for several days. On July 3, the Gratz Park Historic District is transformed into an outdoor music hall when the Patriotic Music Concert is held on the steps of Morrison Hall at Transylvania University. The Lexington Singers and the Lexington Philharmonic Orchestra perform at this event. On the Fourth, annual festivities include a reading of the Declaration of Independence on the steps of the Old Courthouse, a waiter's race in Phoenix Park, a parade, a country music concert, and fireworks. Also, throughout the day street vendors sell their wares and food to the downtown visitors. The Fourth of July is considered to be the biggest holiday in Lexington.

Rupp Arena serves as the home of UK men's basketball and is also a major concert and convention venue

"Southern Lights: Spectacular Sights on Holiday Nights", [27] taking place from November 18 to December 31, is held at the Kentucky Horse Park. It includes a three-mile (5 km) drive through the park, showcasing numerous displays, many in character with the horse industry and history of Lexington. The "Mini-Train Express", an indoor petting exotic animal petting zoo, the International Museum of the Horse, an exhibit showcasing the Bluegrass Railway Club's model train, and Santa Claus are other major highlights.

The Lexington Christmas Parade: Held usually the first Saturday in December, the parade route follows Main Street between Midland and Broadway. Festivities include a pre-parade "Santa's Sleigh" charity race, food, light entertainment, and post-show activities.

Other events and fairs include:

  • "It's A Grand Night for Singing" Presented by UK Opera, 2nd and 3rd weekends in June.
  • The Artists Market: A small display of arts and craft booths which is set up concurrently with the Farmer's Market each Saturday from the first weekend in June through the last weekend in August. Located on Vine Street opposite the Farmer's Market.
  • Thursday Night Live: An annual summer series of free, public concerts held in Cheapside Park every Thursday evening from 5pm - 7pm in June, July & August.
  • A Midsummer Night's Run, a 5K race in early August.
  • The Woodland Art Fair, an annual event of the Lexington Art League, is held annually in August at Woodland Park and features many local and national artists working in a variety of media.
  • The Roots & Heritage Festival takes place throughout the month of September and consists of a wide variety of culturally enriching activities including art exhibits, literary readings, film presentations, the Festival Ball and the ever-popular two-day street festival featuring live musical performances from internationally renowned artists.
  • The Lexington Philharmonic Orchestra presents several annual concerts. [28]
  • The Kentucky Women Writers Conference which has hosted dozens of the nations foremost women writers.
  • Festival Latino in September
  • Gallery Hop, a seasonal event where the city's art galleries are open to the public on the third Friday of every third month.
  • Beaux Arts, a masquerade ball hosted by the University of Kentucky's College of Design (formerly College of Architecture).
  • Tournament of Champions: one of three national high school debate championship tournaments featuring policy debate and Lincoln-Douglas debate. The best teams in the nation meet after qualifying during the regular season on the first weekend in May annually.

Historical structures and museums

The Mary Todd Lincoln House, completed in 1832

Lexington is home to numerous museums and historical structures. One of the most famous is Ashland: The Henry Clay Estate along Richmond Road east of downtown. This two-story museum is a National Historic Landmark and was the former home of statesman Henry Clay.

Lexington Public Library, in the Phoenix Park area near the geographic center of Lexington, houses the world's largest ceiling clock, a five story Foucault pendulum and a frieze depicting the history of the horse in the Bluegrass. The library and its branches also house art galleries and traveling exhibits.

Another important museum is the Lexington History Center in the old Fayette County Courthouse in the heart of downtown. It offers two museums, one dedicated to the history of the region and the other dedicated to public safety. A third museum, devoted to the history of pharmaceuticals in the Bluegrass, is under construction. It will also be home to the Isaac Scott Hathaway Museum in 2007 as well.

The UK Art Museum is the premier art museum for Lexington and the only accredited museum in the region. Its collection of over 4000 objects ranges from Old Masters to Contemporary, and it also hosts ongoing special exhibitions. See www.uky.edu/art museum

Media

Main article: Media of Lexington, Kentucky

Lexington's largest daily circulating newspaper is the Lexington Herald-Leader. It is also home to another daily circulating newspaper, two weekly publications, several bi-weekly and monthly papers, Chevy Chaser Magazine, Southsider Magazine, Business Lexington Newspaper and The Lane Report, a monthly statewide business magazine. The region is also served by seven primary television stations, including WLEX, WKYT, WTVQ, The CW, and WKLE. The state's public television network, Kentucky Educational Television (KET), is headquartered in Lexington and is one of the nation's largest public networks. Lexington is also host to eighteen radio stations.

Parks and outdoor attractions

City parks and facilities

Lexington Cemetery's tulip garden.

Lexington has over 100 parks ranging in size from the .20-acre (810 m2) Smith Street Park to the 659-acre (2.7 km2) Masterson Station Park [29][30]. There are also six public golf courses at Avon, Kearney Links, Lakeside, Meadowbrook, Tates Creek and Picadome and three dog parks, at Jacobson, Masterson Station, and Coldstream. It also has two public 18-hole disc golf courses at Shillito Park and at Veterans Park, and a public skate park at Woodland Park, featuring 12,000 square feet (1,100 m2) of "ramps, platforms, bowls, and pipes." [29]

Horse racing tracks

Lexington is home to two historic horse racing tracks. Keeneland, sporting live races in April and October since 1936, is steeped in tradition where much has not changed since the track's opening. The Red Mile Harness Track is the oldest horse racing track in the city, and second oldest in the nation. This is where horses pull two-wheeled carts called sulkies while racing, also referred to as harness racing. The Kentucky Horse Park, located along scenic Iron Works Pike, is a relatively late-comer to Lexington, opening in 1978. It is a working horse farm and an educational theme park, along with holding the distinction of being a retirement home for some of the world's greatest competition horses including Cigar. It will play host to the 2010 FEI World Equestrian Games.

Natural areas

The city is home to Raven Run Nature Sanctuary, a 734-acre (3.0 km2) nature preserve along the Kentucky River Palisades [31][29]. There are 11 miles (18 km) of back-country hiking trails that range from wheelchair-accessible paved trails to difficult single-track trails. It is common to run across hopeful Appalachian Trail backpackers. The city has recently purchased land adjacent to the park which will make Raven Run the largest park in the city. Raven Run is home to over 56 species of trees, 600 species of plants, 200 species of birds, and other wildlife. Remains of a grist mill, homestead and limekiln remain. The preserve also has a nature center and various educational programs throughout the year. Such programs include seasonal wildflower walks, stargazing during the warmer months, evening insect tours, and historical walks and presentations.

The Arboretum is a one-hundred-acre preserve adjacent to the University of Kentucky [29]. It features the Arboretum Woods, a small, 16-acre (65,000 m2) Bluegrass Woodland patch that is home to eighteen native Kentucky tree species, and more than 50 native Kentucky grasses and herbs. It also has 1,500 varieties of roses in the Rose Garden, a Home Demonstration Garden, and numerous paved paths and trails.

The city also plays host to the historic McConnell Springs, a 26-acre (110,000 m2) park within the industrial confines off of Old Frankfort Pike.[31][29] There are two miles (3 km) of trails that surround the namesake springs, historic dry-laid stone fences, and historical structures.

Sports

College athletics

Commonwealth Stadium

The University of Kentucky is by far Lexington's most popular team. The school fields 22 varsity sports teams, most of which compete in the Southeastern Conference. The most famous team by far is the men's basketball team, led by head coach Billy Gillispie. The Kentucky Men's Basketball team have won 7 NCAA Championships and are the winningest program in college basketball history.Lexington's only other collegiate team, the Transylvania University Pioneers compete in NCAA Division III athletics.

Lexington produced a number a major collegiate and professional athletes. The more well known include former Tates Creek High School and Louisville Cardinals kicker David Akers, who is the leading all time scoring in the Philadelphia Eagles franchise, former Louisville Cardinals football player and NFL Hall of Famer Frank Minnifield, Washington Nationals outfielder Austin Kearns, former Kentucky Wildcats football player Dermontti Dawson, considered one of the greatest center in NFL history, former Kentucky Wildcats basketball player Tom Hammond, who now broadcast numerous athletic events for NBC, including the Olympics, Kentucky Derby, and Notre Dame Fighting Irish football

Professional sports

A Lexington Legends game

Lexington is home to the Lexington Legends, a Class A minor league affiliate of the Houston Astros. Since its creation in 2001, Lexington has produced three major leaguers, John Buck (Catcher) of the Kansas City Royals, Kirk Saarloos (Starting Pitcher) of th Cincinnati Reds, and Mike Gallo (Relief Pitcher), of the Colorado Rockies. The Legends belong to the SAL (South Atlantic League), have one league title (2001) and 4 playoff appearances since 2001. Roger Clemens pitched in one game for the Legends in 2006 as part of his preparation to return to the Houston Astros.

The city is also home to the Lexington Horsemen, an arena football team in the arenafootball2 league. They have had strong success since their founding and have never missed the playoffs and have made it to the championship three different times winning one and coming very close in the other two.

Lexington was at one time home to the Kentucky Thoroughblades, a minor league (AHL) hockey team that played between 1996 and 2001. For one season (2002-2003) the ECHL Men O' War played minor league hockey in Lexington.

The University of Kentucky Hockey team which competes at club level in the American Collegiate Hockey Association

For a time the city was home to the Lexington Bluegrass Bandits who competed in the USL Premier Development League

On October 18 2008, WWE fans protested because they could not watch WWE Smackdown! on MyNetwork TV.

Horse racing

The Rolex Kentucky Three Day Event

Lexington has been known as a major center for Race Horse breeding since the late 18th century due to the high calcium content in the soils of the Inner Bluegrass Region, which leads to stronger bones and greater durability in horses. The city is home to two horse racing tracks, Keeneland and the The Red Mile harness track. The Kentucky Horse Park in Northern Fayette County host the Rolex Kentucky Three Day, one of the top 5 annual equestrian eventing competitions in the world. The city will be hosting the 2010 World Equestrian Games, the world's largest equestrian event.

Transportation

Highways

Main article: Roads of Lexington, Kentucky
North Broadway near Transylvania University's campus

Lexington is serviced by both Interstate 64 and Interstate 75, though neither they nor any other freeway run through the city proper. New Circle Road (KY 4) acts as an inner-beltway around the city, Man o' War Boulevard is a semi outer-beltway south of New Circle Road, and numerous U.S. routes and arterial highways radiate out from downtown to provide access to the numerous bedroom communities ringing the metropolitan area. Citation Boulevard is planned to provide some relief to northern New Circle between Leestown Road and Russell Cave Road. Lexington suffers considerable traffic congestion for a city of its size due to the lack of out- or inbound freeways, the proximity of the University of Kentucky to downtown, and the substantial number of commuters from outlying towns.

Air

See also: Comair Flight 5191

Lexington is accessible by air with approximately 65 direct and nonstop flights daily from the two runways of Blue Grass Airport. Seven major airlines operate connection service at Blue Grass, including Allegiant Air, American Eagle Airlines, Delta Air Lines, Continental Express, Northwest Airlink, United Express, and US Airways Express.

The airport is located four miles (six km) west of the city along US 60 (Versailles Road).

Public transportation

Prior to today's public transit city bus system, LexTran, Lexington was served by numerous private transit systems. The first such system was the Lexington Railway Company omnibuses which began operation in 1874 [32] that used horse-drawn stagecoaches. The name changed to the Lexington Street Railway Company soon after to avoid confusion with the steam railroads. In 1890, the system was upgraded to streetcars and was referred to as the Kentucky Traction and Terminal Company. The streetcars ceased operations in 1938 when they were replaced by motorized buses under the Lexington Railway System name, which later became the Lexington Transit Corporation.

By the early 1970s, expenses associated with the operation of the motorized buses soon outstripped revenue for the Lexington Transit Corporation [32]. In April 1972, the Lexington-Fayette Urban County Government incorporated the system under the local government and renamed the system LexTran. In 1997, LexTran introduced the Lexington Bluegrass Mobility Office [33]. It offers carpooling and vanpooling computer ridematching services and Lex Van, a work commute vanpool leasing program.

Today, LexTran operates eight routes from 5:30 AM to 11:20 PM seven-days-a-week from the Lexington Transit Center along Vine Street in downtown. In 2004, the system received additional funding from a successful ballot initiative to implement a new property tax dedicated to helping fund the LexTran system [34]. Since the tax referendum passed, LexTran's system has grown by 50% and the number of passenger boardings and operators more than doubled. The bus fleet will increase from 53 as of May 2007 to 60 by August 2007 as well.

For 2007, LexTran is poised to receive several upgrades to its fleet of buses and facilities [34]. A renovation and expansion of the main LexTran facilities on East Loudon Avenue, expected to cost $7.5 million, has $4 million already secured. LexTran is also seeking $3.1 million for new buses, $1.5 million for an Automated Vehicle Locator, and $800,000 to purchase new fare boxes. Phase one of the expansion project includes the construction of a new bus fuel and wash building at 109 West Loudon Avenue, along with upgrades to the restrooms and break room at the Lexington Transit Center.

Transportation planning

The Lexington Area Metropolitan Planning Organization is responsible for transportation planning for Fayette and Jessamine Counties. This includes activities such as carpool matching, administering a commuter vanpool program, air quality forecasting, bicycle and pedestrian planning, congestion management, and developing transportation plans and documents.

Sister cities

Lexington has four sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International:

All four are, like Lexington, major centers of the Thoroughbred breeding industry in their respective countries.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Annual Estimates of the Population for Incorporated Places in Kentucky". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2007-06-28.
  2. ^ a b "Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2006 (CBSA-EST2006-01)" (CSV). 2006 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. 2007-04-05. Retrieved 2007-04-07. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  3. ^ a b "Annual Estimates of the Population of Combined Statistical Areas: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2006 (CBSA-EST2006-02)" (CSV). 2006 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. 2007-04-05. Retrieved 2007-04-07. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  4. ^ World Equestrian Games Aachen 2006
  5. ^ History of the Addiction Research Center
  6. ^ Fayette County QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau
  7. ^ Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America - Information About Asthma, Allergies, Food Allergies and More!
  8. ^ Centre Point at Skyscraper City collected 17 Sep 2008
  9. ^ a b c "Greenbrier Small Area Plan" (PDF) (Press release). Lexington-Fayette Urban County, Kentucky. 2003-04-17. Retrieved 2007-05-20. {{cite press release}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  10. ^ a b c d e "Planning History" (Press release). Lexington-Fayette Urban County, Kentucky. Retrieved 2007-05-20.
  11. ^ "Isaac concedes to Newberry for Lexington Mayor." Herald-Leader [Lexington]. 7 November 2006 [1].
  12. ^ The Arab American Institute web site.
  13. ^ Hillery Jr., George A. (1966). "Population Growth in Kentucky, 1820-1960". University of Kentucky Agriculture Experiment Station.
  14. ^ "1970 Census of the Population, Volume 1: Characteristics of the Population, Part 19, Kentucky". United States Government Printing Office. 1973.
  15. ^ "1980 Census of the Population, Volume 1: Characteristics of the Population, Part 19, Kentucky". United States Government Printing Office. 1982.
  16. ^ ""KSDC News"". Kentucky State Data Center. Spring 1997.
  17. ^ ""Lexington-Fayette, Kentucky - Population finder"". United States Census Bureau.
  18. ^ url=http://www.delta-sky.com/ginc/portrait/lexington/pdf/03_business.pdf
  19. ^ url=http://workforce.ky.gov/June08charts.pdf
  20. ^ url=http://www.kylandsales.com/blog/lexington-ky-forbes/
  21. ^ url=http://www.kiplinger.com/tools/slideshows/Bestcitiessingle/6.htm
  22. ^ a b c "Major Employers" (PDF). 31 August 2006. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |publication= ignored (help)
  23. ^ "Fun Tidbits". J.M. Smucker Company. Retrieved 2007-12-28.
  24. ^ "University of Kentucky Facts At A Glance". University of Kentucky. 31 August 2006. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  25. ^ Christie, Les (31 August 2006). "America's smartest cities". CNN. Retrieved 2006-09-02. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  26. ^ "Lexington Ranks As 17th Most Literate City". WKYT-TV. 12 December 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-28. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  27. ^ http://www.kyhorsepark.com/khp/holiday
  28. ^ lexphil.org | The Lexington Philharmonic Online | Lexington, Kentucky, USA
  29. ^ a b c d e Fun Guide 2007. City of Lexington, Kentucky, Division of Parks and Recreation. 2007.
  30. ^ PARKS - Lexington-Fayette Urban County Government
  31. ^ a b Parks. Lexington-Fayette Urban County Government. 31 August 2006 [2].
  32. ^ a b "History of Transit in Lexington". Retrieved 2007-05-07.
  33. ^ "LexVan Rideshare Information". Retrieved 2007-05-24.
  34. ^ a b "Fruitful trip to the hill" (PDF). 2007-04-16. pp. 01–02. Retrieved 2007-05-07. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lexington,_Kentucky&oldid=246608066"