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List of countries by foreign-exchange reserves

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Reserves of foreign exchange and gold in 2008

Foreign exchange reserves (also called Forex reserves) in a strict sense are only the foreign currency deposits held by central banks and monetary authorities. However, the term foreign exchange reserves in popular usage (such as this list) commonly includes foreign exchange and gold, SDRs and IMF reserve position as this total figure is more readily available, however it is accurately deemed as official reserves or international reserves. The list excludes currency swaps conducted by central banks.

These are assets of the central banks which are held in different reserve currencies such as the dollar, euro, yen and pound, and which are used to back its liabilities, e.g. the local currency issued, and the various bank reserves deposited with the central bank, by the government or financial institutions. Before the end of the gold standard, gold was the preferred reserve. Some nations are converting foreign exchange reserves into sovereign wealth funds, which can rival foreign exchange reserves in size.

This is a list of countries and territories by foreign exchange reserves in US dollar equivalence. Some nations have multiple monetary authorities, counted separately, such as the People's Republic of China, which has three (mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau). Exchange rate fluctuations can have significant impact on these numbers.

List of states by foreign exchange reserves

For consistency, forward currency swap contracts are not included in this list until they mature, figures that include them may be higher than those listed here. Currently, a third of all world reserves are held by majority Chinese nations, i.e. Macau, Hong Kong, Mainland China, Taiwan and Singapore.

Rank Country/Monetary Authority Foreign exchange reserves
(millions of USD) 		Figures as of
— Template:Country data World (sum of all countries) $ 7,516,694 --
1  People's Republic of China
(does not include Hong Kong SAR Macau SAR)		 $ 1,905,600 Sept 2008
2  Japan $ 995,800 Sep 2008
3  Russia $ 530,600 Oct 2008
— European Union Eurozone
(EU member states which have adopted the euro, incl. ECB)		 $ 516,841 August 2008
4  Republic of China (Taiwan) $281,130 Sep 2008
5  India $ 274,000 Oct 2008
6  South Korea $ 229,000 Oct 2008
7  Brazil $ 201,223 Oct 2008
8  Singapore $ 168,802 Sep 2008
9 Hong Kong Hong Kong $ 153,200 Aug 2008
10  Algeria $ 149,806 September 2008
11  Germany $ 137,106 Aug 2008
12  France $ 113,058 Aug 2008
13  Malaysia $ 109,700 September 2008
14  Thailand $ 103,500 Oct 2008
15  Italy $ 97,920 Sep 2008
16  Poland $ 81,599 Aug 2008
17  Iran $ 81,000 May 2008
18  Switzerland $ 75,031 Aug 2008
19  Libya $ 79,000 September 2007
20  Turkey $ 78,187 August 2008
21  Mexico $ 73,220 Oct 2008
22  United States $ 71,245 Oct 2008
23  United Kingdom $ 68,980 Sep 2008
24  Nigeria $ 62,000 May 2008
— European Union European Central Bank
(ECB, not owned by any single EU member)		 $ 61,704 Aug 2008
25  Indonesia $ 56,800 Sep 2008
26  Norway $ 47,646 Aug 2008
27  Argentina $ 47,090 September 2008
28  Canada $ 42,594 Aug 2008
29  Romania $ 40,983 Aug 2008
30  Venezuela $ 38,353 August 2008
31  Philippines $ 36,740 Aug 2008
32  Ukraine $ 36,500 Oct 2008
33  Czech Republic $ 36,358 Sep 2008
34  Peru $ 35,518 July 2008
35  South Africa $ 34,332 Aug 2008
36  Denmark $ 32,934 Aug 2008
37  Sweden $ 32,075 Aug 2008
38  Australia $ 30,682 August 2008
39  Egypt $ 32,915 February 2008
40  Israel $ 33,650 Aug 2008
41  Saudi Arabia $ 31,320 October 2007
42  United Arab Emirates $ 29,620 2007 est.
43  Netherlands $ 27,900 February 2008
44  Morocco $ 26,558 Aug 2008
45  Hungary $ 25,505 Aug 2008
46  Colombia $ 21,850 February 2008
47  Iraq $ 21,260 2007 est.
48  Kazakhstan $ 20,510 Aug 2008
49  Vietnam $ 20,700 June 2008
50  Spain $ 19,135 Aug 2008
51  Slovakia $ 19,689 March 2008
52  Kuwait $ 19,630 2007 est.
53  Austria $ 19,415 February 2008
54  Lebanon $ 19,400 2007 est.
55  New Zealand $ 18,008 February 2008
56  Bulgaria $ 21,600 August 2008
57  Belgium $ 17,416 February 2008
58  Chile $ 16,910 January 2008
59  Serbia $ 15,864 February 2008
60 Macau Macau SAR $ 14,740 July 2008
61  Croatia $ 13,819 January 2008
62  Portugal $ 13,421 February 2008
63  Angola $ 12,290 2007 est.
64  Botswana $ 10,000 May 2008
65  Pakistan $ 7,749 18 Oct 2008[1]
66  Azerbaijan $ 9,316 April 2008
67  Finland $ 8,824 February 2008
68  Jordan $ 8,005 January 2008
69  Yemen $ 7,871 2007 est.
70  Tunisia $ 7,714 February 2008
71  Lithuania $ 7,053 February 2008
72  Oman $ 7,004 2007 est.
73  Trinidad and Tobago $ 8,100 2008 est.
74  Cyprus $ 6,176 2007 est.
75  Syria $ 6,039 2007 est.
76  Qatar $ 6,368 2007 est.
77  Latvia $ 5,903 January 2008
78  Bangladesh $ 5,900 August 2008
79  Bosnia and Herzegovina $ 5,151 January 2008
80  Guatemala $ 4,559 2007 est.
81  Bolivia $ 4,917 2007 est.
82  Uruguay $ 4,429 January 2008
83  Uzbekistan $ 5,600 2007 est.
84  Belarus $ 4,498 April 2008
85  Cuba $ 4,247 2007 est.
86  Equatorial Guinea $ 3,928 2007 est.
87  Costa Rica $ 3,915 2007 est.
88  Turkmenistan $ 3,644 2007 est.
89  Ecuador $ 3,618 2007 est.
90  Estonia $ 3,581 February 2008
91  Malta $ 3,522 2007 est.
92  Myanmar $ 3,500 Aug 2008
93  Bahrain $ 3,474 2007 est.
94  Greece $ 3,387 January 2008
95  Kenya $ 3,144 Aug 2008
96  Sri Lanka $ 3,252 2007 est.
97  Honduras $ 2,892 2007 est.
98  Ghana $ 2,837 2007 est.
99  Iceland $ 2,792 February 2008
100  Dominican Republic $ 2,525 2007 est.
101  Ivory Coast $ 2,500 2007 est.
102  Paraguay $ 2,463 2007 est.
103  Tanzania $ 2,441 2007 est.
104  Cameroon $ 2,341 2007 est.
105  Macedonia $ 2,243 November 2007
106  Congo $ 2,242 2007 est.
107  El Salvador $ 2,224 January 2008
108  Papua New Guinea $ 2,193 December 2007
109  Uganda $ 2,100 2007 est.
110  Mauritius $ 1,772 2007 est.
111  Armenia $ 1,628 January 2008
112  Albania $ 1,615 December 2007
113  Cambodia $ 1,600 December 2007
114  Jamaica $ 1,490 December 2007
115  Mozambique $ 1,470 November 2007
116  Gabon $ 1,459 2007 est.
117  Moldova $ 1,730 Aug 2008
118  Senegal $ 1,350 2007 est.
119  Georgia $ 1,300 2008 est.
120  Panama $ 1,260 2007 est.
121  Sudan $ 1,245 2007 est.
122  Zimbabwe $ 1,222 March 2008
123  Kyrgyzstan $ 1,155 January 2008
124  Zambia $ 1,100 2007 est.
125  Slovenia $ 1,076 January 2008
126  Nicaragua $ 1,075 2007 est.
127  Mongolia $ 1000 July 2007
128  Chad $ 997 2007 est.
129 Republic of Ireland Ireland $ 930 January 2008
130  Burkina Faso $ 897 2007 est.
131  Lesotho $ 889 2007 est.
132  Ethiopia $ 840 2007 est.
133  Benin $ 825 2007 est.
134  Namibia $ 750 2007 est.
135  Madagascar $ 745 2007 est.
136  Barbados $ 620 2007 est
137  Laos $ 514 2007 est.
138  Rwanda $ 511 2007 est.
139  Swaziland $ 395 2007 est.
140  Togo $ 363 2007 est.
141  Cape Verde $ 344 2007 est.
142  Tajikistan $ 301 2007 est.
143  Luxembourg $ 294 January 2008
144  Guyana $ 292 2007 est.
145  Haiti $ 221 2007 est.
146  Vanuatu $ 149 December 2007
147  Malawi $ 140 2007 est.
148  Gambia $ 120 2007 est.
149  Guinea $ 119 2007 est.
150  Burundi $ 118 2007 est.
151  Seychelles $ 118 2007 est.
152  Belize $ 150 Oct 2008
153  Samoa $ 70 2004 est.
154  Tonga $ 55 February 2008
155  São Tomé and Príncipe $ 36 December 2007
156  Eritrea $ 22 2007 est.

See also

Template:Lists of countries

  1. ^ http://www.forexpk.com/internal_market_snap_shot.asp?file=kerb_comments.asp&cssfile=
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