2005 Atlantic hurricane season

The 2005 Atlantic hurricane season officially began June 1, 2005, and officially ended on November 30, 2005; however a storm exceeded these boundaries (for the fifth time since 1998) with Hurricane Epsilon not dissipating until December 8. The official dates conventionally delimit the period when most tropical cyclones are expected to form in the Atlantic Ocean, although any tropical depressions or storms that form during December are still counted as part of the 2005 season.

Forecasters originally called for a modestly above-average hurricane season in 2005. However, the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season unexpectedly became the most active season on record, shattering the record books on repeated occasions. Thus far, 26 tropical storms have formed, of which 14 became hurricanes. Of these, seven have been major hurricanes, one short of the 1950 season's record. It is the first hurricane season, Atlantic or Pacific, to exhaust its list of names and resort to Greek letters for naming. Although the hurricane season is officially over, it is still possible that a 27th named storm could form before the year is over.

The 2005 hurricane season, like that of 2004, had a number of storms that caused significant death and destruction in the U.S. and other countries. However, the 2005 hurricane season outdid its predecessor in almost every respect. This year's hurricanes were responsible for over $75 billion in damage (mostly from Hurricane Katrina) and approximately 1,500 deaths (again, mostly from Hurricane Katrina)

Template:Infobox hurricane season nopic

Season summary

2005 Hurricane Season
vs.
Prior Records and Averages
(North Atlantic region)
Systems	Average	Record	2005
Named Storms	10	21	26
Hurricanes	6	12	14
Category 3+ Hurricanes	2	8	7
Category 5 Hurricanes	0.3	2	3

The season began very quickly, with seven tropical storms and two major hurricanes forming before August, setting numerous records for number and strength of storms. The season ended up breaking 16 records for earliest forming storms; i.e., the fifth storm of the season formed well before any other fifth storm in a season. The trend did not let up, and more storms formed in October than any other month in the year, even though the hurricane season traditionally peaks in September. So far there have been 26 named storms, surpassing many records for storm formation in the Atlantic. In addition there were 2 tropical depressions and a sub-tropical depression.

Three of the six most intense hurricanes on record formed, topped off by Hurricane Wilma's 882 mb minimum pressure, shattering Hurricane Gilbert's 17 year old record. It is the only season on record with three Category 5 storms on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale; in addition, some readings from Hurricane Emily indicate it may have briefly been a Category 5 storm.^[1]

The storms this season were extraordinarily damaging. In July, Hurricanes Dennis and Emily caused significant damage in Cuba, Florida, and Mexico, although powerful hurricanes do not usually form in the Atlantic this early in the season. In late August, Hurricane Katrina caused damage to south Florida before moving into the Gulf of Mexico and causing catastrophic damage to Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana, in particular the city of New Orleans. It was the costliest hurricane in U.S. history, surpassing 1992's Hurricane Andrew. Following Katrina was Rita, which struck near the same area, re-flooded New Orleans, and caused more damage to Louisiana and Texas. Later, the remnants of Tropical Storm Tammy and Subtropical Depression 22 met over the Northeastern United States, causing intense flooding.

The storms this season were responsible for significant loss of life, mostly due to Hurricane Katrina, which killed more people in the U.S. than any hurricane since 1928 ^[2].

A number of storms that formed in 2005 exhibited unusual behavior, and challenged forecaster's ability to make correct predictions. Hurricane Vince formed farther north and east in the Atlantic than any other tropical cyclone on record, and then unexpectedly reached hurricane strength over waters considered too cold to support a hurricane. It was also the first recorded landfall of a tropical cyclone in Europe ^[3]. Hurricane Wilma became one of the fastest-intensifying hurricanes on record, and later strengthened unexpectedly in the face of strong wind shear ^[4]. Hurricane Epsilon formed over cold waters and baffled forecasters when it became the longest-lasting December hurricane on record ^[5].

When the season ran out of official names, authorities resorted to using letters from the Greek alphabet for the first time (although Alpha and Delta had been used for subtropical storms in the 1970s).

The level of activity of the season has had far-reaching economic consequences. For example, because of the low overhead of additional global capacity for petroleum production, and the vulnerability of both oil extracting and refining capacity in the Gulf of Mexico, storms have led to speculative spikes in the price of crude oil. The damage to refinery capacity in the United States caused gasoline to soar to record prices, when adjusted for inflation, exceeded only by the two inflationary spikes of 1918-1920 and 1979-1982. Governments in Europe and the United States tapped strategic reserves of gasoline and petroleum and shortages were reported in the days after Katrina in areas heavily dependent on the Gulf of Mexico for refined gasoline. Even weeks after the storm, prices remained elevated, as the shut in production remained over 1 million barrels per day. Rita damaged wells in the western Gulf of Mexico, which were primarily exploratory, leading to concerns that future production would be damped for some time to come. The hurricane also had significant political consequences, and President George W. Bush came under heavy criticism for what was considered a sluggish response to Hurricane Katrina

Seasonal forecasts

Forecasts of hurricane activity are issued before each hurricane season by noted hurricane expert Dr. William M. Gray and his associates at Colorado State University, and separately by NOAA forecasters.

Dr. Gray's team defines the average number of storms per season (1950 to 2000) as 9.6 tropical storms, 5.9 hurricanes, and 2.3 hurricanes reaching or exceeding Category 3 strength. A normal season, as defined by NOAA, has 6 to 14 named storms, with 4 to 8 of those reaching hurricane strength, and 1 to 3 reaching or exceeding Category 3 strength on the Saffir-Simpson scale.

Preseason forecasts

On December 3, 2004, Dr. Gray's team issued its first extended-range forecast for the 2005 season, predicting a slightly above-average season (11 named storms, 6 hurricanes, 3 of Category 3 or higher). Additionally, the team predicted a greatly increased chance of a major hurricane striking the East Coast of the United States and the Florida peninsula. Though the forecast predicted above-normal activity, the level predicted was less than in the 2004 season. ^[6]

In its April 1, 2005 update, Dr. Gray's team revised the December forecast upward. The updated forecast predicted 13 named storms, 7 hurricanes, and 3 of Category 3 or greater strength. The chance of a storm striking the U.S. was also raised slightly. ^[7]

On May 16, 2005, NOAA issued its outlook for the 2005 season, forecasting a 70% chance of above-normal activity, with 12–15 named storms, 7–9 hurricanes, and 3–5 hurricanes reaching Category 3 intensity. The Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) value for the season was predicted to be 120–190 percent of the median. ^[8]

On May 31, Dr. Gray's team revised its April forecast upwards. The updated forecast predicted 15 named storms, 8 hurricanes, and 4 hurricanes of Category 3 or higher on the Saffir-Simpson scale. ^[9]

Mid-season outlook

On August 2, after an extraordinarily active early season, NOAA released an updated outlook on the remainder of the season. The outlook called for from 18 to a record-tying 21 tropical storms, 9 to 11 hurricanes, and 5 to 7 becoming major hurricanes. The ACE value was now forecast to be 180 to 270 percent of the median. These figures are roughly twice those of a normal season. While June and July were unusually active, August and September were expected to contain the peak of seasonal activity as in most seasons. The NOAA noted a higher than normal confidence in the forecast of above-normal activity. ^[10]

On August 5 2005, Dr. Gray and his associates followed suit, and issued their updated forecast. It was consistent with the NHC's update, calling for 20 tropical storms, 10 hurricanes, and six major hurricanes. Although this was the highest level of activity ever forecast by Dr. Gray, it still fell significantly short of the actual level of activity, as did all the other forecasts.

Storms

Tropical Storm Arlene


Arlene satellite image and storm track.

Early in the season, a low-pressure area formed and persisted north of Honduras. Despite significant wind shear, the low managed to organize, and was designated Tropical Depression One on June 8. It was upgraded to Tropical Storm Arlene the following day.

Arlene headed north, intensifying steadily as it spread tropical storm-force winds and heavy rains to the Cayman Islands and Cuba. Arlene made landfall in Cuba near Cabo Corrientes with 50 mph (80 km/h) winds. Wind shear weakened as the storm entered the Gulf of Mexico on the morning of June 10, and the storm intensified to just under hurricane strength with 70 mph (110 km/h) winds.

Arlene made landfall with 60 mph (95 km/h) winds just west of Pensacola, Florida on the afternoon of June 11. Arlene was the most intense landfalling June storm since Hurricane Allison hit the eastern Panhandle in 1995. After moving inland, Arlene persisted as a dissipating tropical depression for two days, passing into Indiana and Michigan before being absorbed by a frontal system over southeastern Canada on June 14. Arlene could have developed from the remnants of Hurricane Adrian, the first storm of the 2005 Pacific hurricane season. ^{[citation needed]}

The only death attributed to Arlene was a female student caught in riptide in Miami Beach, Florida, far from the center of circulation^[11]. Damage from Arlene was minimal.

The National Hurricane Center's (NHC) archive on Tropical Storm Arlene^[12]
The Hydrometeorological Prediction Center's (HPC) archive on Tropical Storm Arlene^[13]

Tropical Storm Bret


Bret satellite image and storm track.

Late in June, an area of disturbed weather formed in the Bay of Campeche. The system quickly became better organised and was designated Tropical Depression Two on the evening of June 28. Two hours later, observations from a Hurricane Hunter aircraft indicated that it had strengthened into a tropical storm and it was named Bret. This was the first time that two tropical storms had formed in June since the 1986 season, and only the thirteenth time since 1851.

The storm moved west-northwest, making landfall near Tuxpan, Veracruz, Mexico early on June 29 as a weak tropical storm. It continued inland, producing heavy rain over the state of Veracruz, until dissipating over the mountains of San Luis Potosí late on June 29.

Hundreds of homes were damaged, and several towns, including Naranjos and Chinampa, about 60 miles (95 km) south of Tampico, were severely flooded. The only reported fatalities were the two occupants of a car that was swept away by floodwaters in Naranjos (^[14]).

The NHC's archive on Tropical Storm Bret^[15]

Tropical Storm Cindy


Cindy satellite image and storm track.

Tropical Depression Three formed on July 3 in the Caribbean Sea and struck the Yucatan Peninsula the next day. A new center of circulation to the north strengthened to Tropical Storm Cindy early July 4 over the Gulf of Mexico. The storm made landfall near Grand Isle, Louisiana late July 5, possibly at hurricane strength ^[16]. It weakened inland and became extratropical over the Carolinas on July 7.

As a tropical depression well inland, Cindy spawned an F2 tornado which damaged landmarks in Hampton, Georgia. Large and sometimes record-breaking amounts of rain, more than 5 inches in places, fell over parts of Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Maryland.

Three deaths were attributed to Cindy—two in Georgia and another in Alabama.

The NHC's archive on Tropical Storm Cindy^[17]
The HPC's archive on Tropical Storm Cindy^[18]

Hurricane Dennis


Dennis satellite image and storm track.

Tropical Depression Four formed in the southeastern Caribbean on the evening of July 4. Early the next day, it strengthened into Tropical Storm Dennis. The storm began moving rapidly to the west-northwest, and reached hurricane strength on the afternoon of July 6 while approaching the southern coast of Hispaniola. The next day it strengthened rapidly to become a Category 4 hurricane. Dennis moved between Jamaica and Haiti on July 7. Dennis reached its peak as the strongest recorded Atlantic storm to form before August just south of Cuba - a record that would stand only for eight days, until Emily broke it. On July 8, Dennis passed over Cuba close to the capital, Havana. A second episode of rapid intensification occurred on July 9 as it moved north toward the Gulf Coast of the United States, and it again achieved Category 4 intensity. Dennis made landfall as a Category 3 storm just southeast of Pensacola, Florida.

Dennis claimed at least 71 lives: 44 in Haiti, 16 in Cuba, and 10 in the U.S. In addition, more than 100 people were reported missing in Haiti. It is considered to be the worst hurricane to strike Cuba since Hurricane Flora in 1963. Total damages are estimated at $5-$9 billion USD, much of it in the Caribbean.

The NHC's archive on Hurricane Dennis^[19]
The HPC's archive on Hurricane Dennis^[20]

Hurricane Emily


Emily satellite image and storm track.

Emily formed from Tropical Depression Five east of the Lesser Antilles on July 11. It moved westward and hit Grenada on July 14 as a Category 1 storm. It entered the Caribbean Sea and began intensifying rapidly. It reached Category 4 intensity on July 15. Emily broke Hurricane Dennis's eight-day-old record for the most intense storm to form prior to August when it reached a minimum pressure of 929 mbar, along with 155 mph (250 km/h) winds on July 16. Some readings indicate that Emily may have briefly reached Category 5 strength around this time ^[21], and this will be one of the many things in review at the end of the hurricane season. After passing south of Jamaica and the Cayman Islands, Emily made landfall on the Yucatán Peninsula near Tulum on the morning of July 18. Emily emerged over the Bay of Campeche and made its second landfall in rural northeast Mexico near Boca Madre, Tamaulipas as a Category 3 storm.

Emily is blamed for at least fourteen deaths; one in Grenada, four in Jamaica, seven in the Caribbean and two in Mexico.

The NHC's archive on Hurricane Emily^[22]

Tropical Storm Franklin


Franklin satellite image and storm track.

A tropical wave off the Bahamas organized into Tropical Depression Six on the afternoon of July 21. The depression became the sixth named storm of the season only two hours later, the first time the sixth storm of the season had ever formed that early in the season. The storm headed northward from the Bahamas, then northeast over the Atlantic, becoming disorganized by July 24 under the effects of shear and drier air. It moved erratically, inching closer to Bermuda while barely remaining a tropical storm. Bermuda received some strong wind gusts, but was otherwise unaffected. Tropical Storm Franklin then accelerated north and northeast, roughly paralleling the East Coast of the United States, and intensified to near hurricane strength. Eventually, Franklin became extratropical along the coast of Nova Scotia and Newfoundland.

The NHC's archive on Tropical Storm Franklin^[23]

Tropical Storm Gert


Gert satellite image and storm track.

A tropical wave, which had earlier crossed Honduras and the Yucatán peninsula, organized into Tropical Depression Seven on the afternoon of July 23 in the Bay of Campeche. It was upgraded to Tropical Storm Gert early the next day, the earliest formation of a seventh named storm on record. It strengthened little before making landfall on the coast of Mexico south of Tampico late on July 24 with maximum sustained winds of 45 mph (70 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 1005 mbar. It moved inland over central Mexico before dissipating on July 25.

Gert struck in roughly the same area as Hurricane Emily just four days earlier, causing fear of flooding and landslides due to saturated lands. As a precaution some 1,000 people were evacuated from low-lying residences and businesses near the towns of Naranjos and Tamiahua.

The NHC's archive on Tropical Storm Gert^[24]

Tropical Storm Harvey


Harvey satellite image and storm track.

A tropical wave organized into the eighth depression of the season due southwest of Bermuda on August 2. It became a tropical storm the next day.

Harvey was not initially a particularly well-organized storm, and had some subtropical storm characteristics, but it soon became more tropical in nature. It passed just south of Bermuda early on August 4 while at its peak intensity, with maximum sustained winds of 65 mph (105 km/h) and a minimum central pressure of 994 mbar. Though Bermuda was soaked by Harvey, the island sustained no damage.

Harvey then headed east and later northeast over the open Atlantic. The storm became extratropical on the afternoon of August 8.

The NHC's archive on Tropical Storm Harvey^[25]

Hurricane Irene


Irene satellite image and storm track.

Tropical Depression Nine formed from a tropical wave west of Cape Verde on the afternoon of August 4, the second Cape Verde-type storm of the season. The system encountered dry air and wind shear as it turned to the northwest and it broke down. Despite poor organization and shearing winds, it became Tropical Storm Irene on August 7. Further shear and dry air disrupted the cyclone's structure, and Irene was downgraded to a tropical depression on August 8.

Irene cycled between apparent reintensification and significant weakening, becoming so disorganized in the early morning of August 10 that forecasters were considering declaring the storm dissipated. ^[26]. However, the depression continued to move westward into more favorable conditions and again attained tropical storm status, rapidly strengthening to a Category 1 hurricane on August 14. Later, it strengthened even further in low shear conditions under an upper level anticyclone. On August 16 it briefly strengthened to a Category 2 hurricane, but began to weaken in cooler waters shortly therafter. It became extratropical southeast of Cape Race, Newfoundland on August 18, having never posed a threat to land.

The NHC's archive on Hurricane Irene^[27]

Tropical Depression Ten

Tropical Depression Ten formed 1100 statute miles (1770 km) east of the Lesser Antilles on August 13. Conditions were not favorable for development, as strong vertical shear literally ripped the system apart, and advisories were discontinued the next day when it showed no organized deep convection. The remnants of Tropical Depression Ten continued drifting northwestward before degenerating into a tropical wave north of the Leeward Islands. This remnant eventually merged with another system in the "complex genesis" of what would become Tropical Depression Twelve and, eventually, Hurricane Katrina.

The NHC's archive on Tropical Depression Ten^[28]

Tropical Storm Jose

Tropical Depression Eleven formed in the Bay of Campeche on August 22. Later in the day it strengthened into Tropical Storm Jose over the warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico and achieved a maximum strength of 50 mph (80 km/h) before it made landfall in the state of Veracruz, Mexico on August 23. It then rapidly weakened and soon dissipated as it moved inland over Mexico. While drenching Mexico's Gulf coast, Jose forced some 25,000 residents from their homes in Veracruz state. Eight deaths were attributed to Jose's heavy rains in the Mexican state of Oaxaca. Two more were reported missing ^[29].

Later analysis showed that Jose became more organized two hours before making landfall and was forming an eye, but its winds remained well under hurricane strength. Just how strong Jose was before landfall is unknown. ^[30]

The NHC's archive on Tropical Storm Jose^[31]

Hurricane Katrina


Katrina satellite image and storm track.

An area of disturbed weather over the Bahamas developed into a tropical depression on August 23, becoming a tropical storm on the 24th and a hurricane on the 25th. It made landfall on August 25 in southern Florida, emerging a few hours later into the Gulf of Mexico. Katrina rapidly intensified to Category 5 status on the morning of August 28, becoming the fourth most intense recorded hurricane in the Atlantic basin. The hurricane weakened to a Category 4 as it turned northward to hit southeastern Louisiana. Hours later, it crossed the Breton Sound and made its third and final landfall as a Category 3 hurricane near Pearlington, Mississippi.

The Mississippi and Alabama coastlines suffered catastrophic damage from the storm's 30-foot (9 m) storm surge. New Orleans escaped the worst damage from the storm, but levees along the Intercoastal Canal and 17th Street Canal ultimately were breached by storm surge, flooding about 80% of the city. 1,325 people have been confirmed dead across 5 US states. Once damage totals come in, Katrina will likely be the costliest hurricane in U.S. history, with damage totals expected to reach as high as $100 billion (USD).

The NHC's archive on Hurricane Katrina^[32]
The HPC's archive on Hurricane Katrina^[33]

Tropical Storm Lee

Tropical Depression Thirteen formed from a tropical wave about 960 statute miles (1,550 km) east of the Lesser Antilles on August 28. It then degenerated into a broad area of low pressure on August 29, but later regenerated on August 31 and the National Hurricane Center resumed advisories. Later that day, it strengthened into Tropical Storm Lee, the 12th named storm of the season. Later in the evening it was downgraded to a tropical depression, having encountered an unfavorable upper level environment. The tropical depression dissipated on the evening of September 1.

Lee never posed any threat to land as it remained in the middle of the Atlantic.

The NHC's archive on Tropical Storm Lee^[34]

Hurricane Maria


Maria satellite image and storm track.

Tropical Depression Fourteen formed from a tropical wave 1100 statute miles (1,770 km) east of the Leeward Islands on September 1, and strengthened to Tropical Storm Maria the next day. Early on September 4, Maria became the fifth hurricane of the season. On September 5, it briefly strengthened to Category 3 intensity, making it the fourth major hurricane of the season. It gradually weakened and dropped to tropical storm strength on September 8.

Maria became extratropical mid-way between Cape Race and the Azores on September 10. It never threatened land as a hurricane, but Maria became a strong extratropical storm, and actually strengthened to hurricane strength once again while moving towards Iceland.^[35]

The remnants of Maria triggered a landslide in Norway that killed one person. ^[36]

The NHC's archive on Hurricane Maria^[37]

Hurricane Nate


Nate satellite image and storm track.

A well-defined low pressure system located about 350 statute miles (560 km) south-southwest of Bermuda organized into a tropical depression on September 5. It strengthened into Tropical Storm Nate that evening and continued to strengthen with little change in position, becoming the sixth hurricane of the season on September 7.

As Nate moved towards Bermuda, a hurricane watch was issued. Nate spared the island from a direct hit, and just barely brushed it. Hurricane Nate passed 125 statute miles (200 km) south of Bermuda on September 8. After turning north, it became extratropical over the central Atlantic Ocean on September 10.

Canadian Navy ships headed to the U.S. Gulf Coast to help in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina were slowed down trying to avoid Nate and Hurricane Ophelia (See below). The ships were loaded with relief supplies including lumber, thousands of diapers, blankets and cots, along with its crew sent to assist in the situation. ^[38]

The NHC's archive on Hurricane Nate^[39]

Hurricane Ophelia


Ophelia satellite image and storm track.

Tropical Depression Sixteen formed over the northern Bahamas on September 6. Early on September 7, it organized into Tropical Storm Ophelia, becoming a hurricane the next day. It churned nearly stationary for two days off the coast of Florida. On September 12, the storm began moving slowly toward North Carolina, at times nearly stalling and alternating between tropical storm and hurricane intensity. The hurricane did not make landfall, although the western eyewall reached the coastal areas of North Carolina, causing extensive damage in the Outer Banks and around Cape Fear. Ophelia moved north and became extratropical late on September 17 near Nova Scotia, but it continued northeastward, producing strong winds and heavy rain over Atlantic Canada.

Only three fatalities were reported (one direct and two indirect). Damage is estimated at around $1.6 billion.

The NHC's archive on Hurricane Ophelia^[40]

Hurricane Philippe


Philippe satellite image and storm track.

A vigorous tropical wave organized into Tropical Depression Seventeen on September 17 a few hundred miles east of the Leeward Islands. It was upgraded to a tropical storm late that evening. This marked only the third time that the 'P' name had been used to name an Atlantic storm since alphabetical naming began in 1950. The other times were for Pablo in 1995 and Peter in 2003. On September 18, Philippe was upgraded to a hurricane, becoming the eighth Atlantic hurricane of the season. It was downgraded to a tropical storm on the afternoon of September 20 and dissipated 3 days later south of Bermuda.

The NHC's archive on Hurricane Philippe^[41]

Hurricane Rita


Rita satellite image and storm track.

The season's eighteenth tropical depression formed over the Turks and Caicos Islands on September 18. Later that day, it became the seventeenth tropical storm of the season. Rita slowly intensified to become a hurricane on September 20. It was at Category 1 and later Category 2 intensity as it moved south of the Florida Keys. Rapid intensification ensued as Rita moved into the Gulf of Mexico on September 20, and Rita became a Category 5 hurricane on September 21, becoming the third (now fourth) most intense hurricane ever recorded in the Atlantic Basin. Rita made landfall near the Texas/Louisiana border on September 24.

Major flooding was reported in Port Arthur and Beaumont. Cameron and Calcasieu Parishes in Louisiana were devastated. Offshore oil platforms throughout Rita's path also suffered significant damage. Six people are confirmed dead from Rita's direct effects, and total insured damage from the storm is estimated at $8 billion. Over 100 indirect deaths have been reported.

The NHC's archive on Hurricane Rita^[42]
The HPC's archive on Hurricane Rita^[43]

Tropical Depression Nineteen

A low pressure system formed from a tropical wave about 665 miles (1075 km) west of the southwesternmost Cape Verde Islands and developed into a tropical depression on September 30. It experienced strong shear and dissipated on October 2 without strengthening to a tropical storm.

The NHC's archive on Tropical Depression Nineteen^[44]

Hurricane Stan


Stan satellite image and storm track.

A tropical wave in the western Caribbean Sea organized into a tropical depression on October 1. Off the coast of the Yucatán Peninsula, it strengthened into Tropical Storm Stan on October 2. Stan made landfall on the Yucatán and weakened to a tropical depression, but upon reemerging into the Bay of Campeche it quickly strengthened into a hurricane on October 4. Stan made landfall later that morning in the east-central coast of Mexico, south of Veracruz, as a Category 1 hurricane.

Stan was associated with a large area of loosely-organized but very heavy shower activity existing over Mexico and Central America during this time. Torrential rainfall in this area caused catastrophic flooding and mudslides which are responsible for at least 1,153 deaths in six countries; 1,036 of these casualties occurred in Guatemala alone. However, it is unclear exactly how many of these deaths are actually attributable to Hurricane Stan. Central America is highly mountainous and is very vulnerable to flash floods and mudslides, even from non-cyclonic systems.

In addition to the large number of people killed during this time, over 100,000 people were forced to evacuate. The eruption of the Santa Ana Volcano on October 1 contributed to the destruction in Central America as a result of the floods and mudslides caused.

The NHC's archive on Hurricane Stan^[45]

Tropical Storm Tammy

Tammy satellite image
Tammy satellite image and storm track.

A tropical disturbance north of the Bahamas showed signs of having a well-defined surface circulation and sufficient wind velocity, and was upgraded to Tropical Storm Tammy at 7:30 am EDT (1130 UTC) October 5 east of Florida, skipping Tropical Depression status. This marked only the second time that the 'T' name has been used to name an Atlantic storm since alphabetical naming began in 1950; the other time was for Tanya in 1995. Tammy made landfall in the vicinity of Naval Station Mayport near Jacksonville, Florida late that same evening. Tammy then moved rapidly inland across southern Georgia and Alabama before dissipating into a remnant low that drfited south into the Gulf of Mexico. The rains associated with Tammy became disconnected from the cyclonic circulation after landfall, and affected much of Georgia, South Carolina and parts of North Carolina. The frontal system it merged with was responsible for the flooding in the northeast. (See Northeast Flooding of October 2005)

The NHC's archive on Tropical Storm Tammy^[46]
The HPC's archive on Tropical Storm Tammy^[47]

Subtropical Depression Twenty-two

Subtropical Depression Twenty-two formed from a non-tropical low 450 miles (725 km) southeast of Bermuda on October 8. The system encountered unfavorable conditions, and advisories were discontinued later that night as the system dissipated at 11 pm EDT (0300 UTC October 9). The NHC continued to monitor the remnant as it headed towards the east coast of the United States. The system continued to pull tropical moisture northward and was, along with Tropical Storm Tammy (see above), a partial cause of severe flooding in New York, New Jersey and New England during early to mid-October and contributing to the wettest month on record in locales throughout the Northeastern United States ^[48].

The NHC's archive on Subtropical Depression Twenty-two^[49]

Hurricane Vince


Vince satellite image and storm track.

Tropical Storm Vince was named on October 9 in the east Atlantic near Madeira (east-southeast of the Azores), and was upgraded to a hurricane later that day. Some NHC analyses suggest that Vince could have been a subtropical storm on October 8 and thus should have been named at that point.^[50] Although Vince was a very small and short-lived storm that only briefly reached hurricane strength, it was notable for developing in the far eastern Atlantic, well away from where hurricanes are usually found. This may be the farthest north and east a tropical cyclone had ever formed in the Atlantic Basin. Vince made landfall on the Iberian Peninsula near Huelva, Spain on October 11 just after weakening to a tropical depression. Vince was the first tropical cyclone on record to make landfall in Spain. No damages or injuries were reported.

The NHC's archive on Hurricane Vince^[51]

Hurricane Wilma


Wilma satellite image and storm track.

Tropical Depression Twenty-four formed southwest of Jamaica on October 15 and was upgraded to a tropical storm on October 17. On October 18 the storm developed a tiny well-defined eye and began intensifying rapidly, reaching Category 5 strength with a record-setting pressure of 882 millibars by October 19.

Wilma weakened slightly to a Category 4 before hitting the Yucatán coast on the October 22. It drifted over the peninsula, bringing heavy rain and wind to an area hit by Hurricane Emily only 3 months before. The storm then moved quickly across southern Florida on October 24 as a Category 3 storm before racing northeastward and becoming extratropical.

60 people are confirmed dead (28 direct and 32 indirect) with billions of dollars in damage across the Caribbean, Mexico and Florida. Well-executed evacuations throughout its path likely lessened the death toll.

The NHC's archive on Hurricane Wilma^[52]

Tropical Storm Alpha


Alpha satellite image and storm track.

A tropical wave organized into Tropical Depression Twenty-five in the eastern Caribbean Sea on October 22. Later that day, it strengthened into a tropical storm as it moved west-northwestward.

On the morning of October 23, it made landfall with 60 mph (95 km/h) winds near the city of Barahona in the Dominican Republic, then moved over Haiti. Alpha weakened to a tropical depression over Hispaniola's steep mountains. Alpha reentered the Atlantic Ocean where it was absorbed by Hurricane Wilma.

Tropical Storm Alpha was the 22nd named system in the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season, breaking the 1933 season's record and becoming the first tropical storm to be named using the Greek Alphabet.

A total of 26 people have been reported dead because of Tropical Storm Alpha.

The NHC's archive on Tropical Storm Alpha^[53]

Hurricane Beta


Beta satellite image and storm track.

Late on October 26, a broad area of low pressure in the southwestern Caribbean Sea developed and became Tropical Depression Twenty-six. Six hours later, it was upgraded to Tropical Storm Beta. Beta strengthened into a hurricane on October 29. On October 30, Hurricane Beta became a major hurricane with sustained winds around 115 mph (185 km/h). That brought the total amount of major hurricanes in the 2005 season to 7, one short of the record 8 set in the 1950 season.

Beta extended the record for most tropical storms in a season to 23 and was the first use of the name Beta for a tropical system. Beta is the 13th hurricane of 2005, which breaks the 1969 record of 12 hurricanes. Additionally, it is the first hurricane named with a Greek letter.

The Colombian island of Providencia, about 140 miles off the coast of Nicaragua, was subjected to hurricane force winds for several hours as the center of the storm moved very slowly by the island. Initial reports indicated extensive damage to homes and a loss of communications with the islanders.

The NHC's archive on Hurricane Beta^[54]

Tropical Storm Gamma


Gamma satellite image and storm track.

Late on November 13, after nearly two weeks of inactivity, Tropical Depression Twenty-seven formed from a tropical wave about 115 miles west-southwest of St. Lucia. While passing through the Lesser Antilles, the heavy rainfall caused mudslides, killing two people. Wind shear prevented further development of the system, and advisories were discontinued on November 16 as it lost its closed circulation about 305 miles southeast of Kingston, Jamaica.

The remnants of the depression continued westward, but was not absorbed into a larger area of low pressure in the southwestern Caribbean as expected. The remnants stayed in the Caribbean Sea and moved along the northern shore of Honduras, merging with parts of the larger low pressure system (which had dissipated). The storm grew in strength, and a closed circulation formed on November 18, when it became Tropical Storm Gamma. After regeneration, floods from Gamma killed 32 people in Honduras. ^[55] An additional thirteen Hondurans were reported missing, and three people were killed in Belize^[56]. Again, the shear encountered by this system only increased during the course of the storm's evolution and prevented intensification. Gamma meandered in the Caribbean Sea for a short time, until slowly weakening. The storm eventually disintegrated into a remnant low late on November 20 and advisories were discontinued. In total, Gamma has killed at least 34 people, two while a tropical depression and 32 or more while a tropical storm.

The NHC's archive on Tropical Storm Gamma^[57]

Tropical Storm Delta

File:Storydelta.jpg
Delta satellite image and storm track.

Tropical Storm Delta formed with tropical-storm-force winds on November 23, when a strong non-tropical low near the Azores slowly drifted southward and attained tropical characteristics while entering increasingly warmer waters.

Delta drifted slowly and erratically southwards for several days before accelerating north-eastwards then eastwards towards the Canary Islands and north Africa. During this period, it twice approached hurricane strength but never became a hurricane. On November 28 it merged with a frontal system northwest of the Canaries and became a vigorous extratropical storm. It caused severe damage in the Canary Islands and claimed at least seven lives ^[58], including six who drowned while attempting to reach the Canary Islands by boat from Africa ^[59]. El Dedo de Dios or God’s Finger, a geological feature which had been pointing towards the sky for over a millennium and an important landmark for the Canary Islands, was toppled during the storm ( pictures^[60]. ^[61] Delta also caused power outages leaving some 200,000 people without power and forcing airports to close down^[62].

The remnants of Delta later moved into Morocco, bringing needed rain, but it caused no damage and was described as a "normal atmospheric disturbance". ^[63]

The NHC's archive on Tropical Storm Delta^[64]

Hurricane Epsilon

File:Epsilon12062005 500m.jpg
Epsilon satellite image and storm track.

On November 29, Tropical Storm Epsilon formed in the Central Atlantic, forming the same way Delta did when a non-tropical low pressure system well east of Bermuda acquired tropical characteristics. Epsilon increased the record number of named storms in the Atlantic to 26. It is the fifth time in eight years that the season had exceeded its official bounds due to late activity, 1998, 2001, 2003 and 2004 being the other recent occasions. On December 2, the storm strengthened into a hurricane, making it the 14th of the season and the first storm since Hurricane Lili in 1984 to reach hurricane strength after the official end of a season.

The storm was downgraded to a tropical storm on December 4, but unexpectedly regained hurricane strength just six hours later, baffling NHC forecasters. Dr. Lixion Avila described the development by saying, "There are no clear reasons — and I am not going to make one up — to explain the recent strengthening of Epsilon..." ^[65] Epsilon intensified despite highly unfavorable conditions – low sea-surface temperatures and high vertical wind shear ^[66], which makes this storm unusual. In a subsequent discussion, Avila noted the similarity of the structure to annular hurricanes, and the characteristic of such hurricanes to maintain intensity over a long period.

Epsilon is tied with Nicole of 1998 for the second strongest hurricane ever observed in December, behind an unnamed storm in 1925, which had winds near 100 mph. Epsilon also spent longer at hurricane strength than any recorded Atlantic storm in December, breaking the old record held by Lili in 1984 and longer as a pure tropical storm than any recorded December system (Lili having been sub-tropical for much of its existence).

The NHC's archive on Hurricane Epsilon^[67]

Recent timeline of events

December

December 1

12 am EST (0500 UTC) - The hurricane season officially comes to an end with Tropical Storm Epsilon still active.

December 2

11 am AST (1500 UTC) - Tropical Storm Epsilon is upgraded to Hurricane Epsilon.

December 4

5 am AST (0900 UTC) - Hurricane Epsilon is downgraded to a tropical storm.
11 am AST (1500 UTC) - Tropical Storm Epsilon regains hurricane status with 85 mph (140 km/h) winds.

December 7

11 pm AST (0300 UTC December 8) - Hurricane Epsilon is downgraded to a tropical storm.

December 8

8 am AST (1200 UTC) - Tropical Storm Epsilon is downgraded to a tropical depression.
11 am AST (1500 UTC) - Tropical Depression Epsilon dissipates.

Records and notable events

The 2005 season has broken numerous records for tropical cyclone activity. Note that systematic monitoring of the Atlantic for tropical cyclones and disturbances that could become tropical cyclones did not commence until 1944 ^[68]. Before then, storms or depressions that did not approach populated land or shipping lanes, especially those of relatively short duration, could have gone undetected.

See also: 2005 Atlantic hurricane season statistics and the NOAA list of all the records surpassed or tied by the 2005 season.^[69]

Rapid formation

Almost every storm in 2005 has set a record for rapid formation. The table shows the dates on which each storm formed, and the old record for earliest-forming storm of that number.

**Rapid formation of storms in 2005**
From the NHC "best track" data ^[70]
Storm #	Formation Day	Name	Previous Record	Difference
1	June 9	Arlene	January 19, 1978	+141 days
2	June 28	Bret	May 17, 1887	+42 days
3	July 5	Cindy	June 11, 1887	+24 days
4	July 5	Dennis	Cindy - July 7, 1959	-2 days
5	July 11	Emily	Danny - July 16, 1997	-5 days
6	July 21	Franklin	August 4, 1936	-14 days
7	July 24	Gert	August 7, 1936	-14 days
8	August 3	Harvey	August 15, 1936	-12 days
9	August 7	Irene	August 20, 1936	-13 days
10	August 22	Jose	Jerry - August 23, 1995	-1 day
11	August 24	Katrina	August 28, 1933/1936/ Karen - 1995	-4 days
12	August 31	Lee	Luis - August 29, 1995	+2 days
13	September 2	Maria	September 8, 1936	-6 days
14	September 5	Nate	September 10, 1936	-5 days
15	September 7	Ophelia	September 16, 1933	-9 days
16	September 17	Philippe	September 27, 1933	-10 days
17	September 18	Rita	September 28, 1933	-10 days
18	October 2	Stan	October 1, 1933	+1 day
19	October 5	Tammy	October 25, 1933	-20 days
20	October 9	Vince	October 26, 1933	-17 days
21	October 17	Wilma	November 15, 1933	-29 days
22	October 22	Alpha	none	N/A
23	October 27	Beta	none	N/A
24	November 18	Gamma	none	N/A
25	November 23	Delta	none	N/A
26	November 29	Epsilon	none	N/A

Early strength

When its sustained winds reached 150 mph on July 7 and a minimum pressure of 930 mbar on July 10, Hurricane Dennis became the strongest storm to form prior to August, and the earliest Category 4 storm to form in the Caribbean.

When Hurricane Emily reached Category 4 intensity on July 16, the 2005 season became the only season to have two hurricanes reach Category 4 intensity before the end of July. Emily also broke Dennis's nine-day-old record for the strongest storm on record before August when its maximum sustained winds reached 155 mph (250 km/h) on July 16, along with a minimum central pressure of 929 mbar.

This activity was reflected in the Accumulated Cyclone Energy value at the end of July; at 61, it was the highest ever. The previous highest was 49 in 1916; the modern record was 33 in 1966.

Number of storms

The 2005 Atlantic hurricane season, with 26 storms, is the most active season on record, surpassing the 1933 season's 21 storms. With 14 hurricanes, the 2005 season also has had the most hurricanes form, surpassing the 1969 season's 12. While the 1950 season still holds the record for the most major hurricanes, eight (2005 has seen seven so far), the 2005 season has also tied the 1999 season's record of five Category 4 and 5 hurricanes and holds the record for the most Category 5 hurricanes in a single season, three (see below).

With the formation of Tropical Storm Vince, Tropical Storm Wilma, and Tropical Storm Alpha, 2005 became the first season to use the 'V', 'W' and Greek Letter names, respectively, since naming of Atlantic storms began in the 1950 season. It also has the distinction of being only the second season to use the 'R', 'S', and 'T' names. Only the 1995 season had previously used these letters.

With the formation of Tropical Storm Alpha, 2005 became the first hurricane season in the Atlantic to exhaust the list of names and the first, Atlantic or Pacific, to resort to using Greek letters for storm names.

2005 holds the record for the most storms to ever form during the month of July. Five storms (Cindy, Dennis, Emily, Franklin, and Gert) formed during that period. The previous record for most storms to form in the month of July was four; this record was held by the 1966 and 1995 seasons.

The number of storms before the end of July (seven) is also a record, breaking the record of five set in the 1887, 1933, 1936, 1959, 1966, and 1995 seasons.

2005 and 1933 share the record for the most storms (17) forming before the end of September. 2005 now also holds the record for most storms (23) forming before the end of October and ties for the number of storms forming during October with 1950, as six storms (Stan, Tammy, Vince, Wilma, Alpha and Beta) formed during that period. 2005 also set a new record for most storms forming in November, with 3 storms (Gamma, Delta and Epsilon); the old record was shared by six years, most recently 2001.

Total activity

Tropical activity during the 2005 season was unusually continous from start to finish, unlike most hurricane seasons, which have significant periods of no tropical activity. The following days had no tropical cyclone activity: June 1-7, June 13-27, July 1-2, July 30-August 1, August 19-21, September 26-29, October 7, October 12-14, October 26, November 1-November 13, and November 22. Between June 28 and October 31, the longest lull period was just four and a half days. This means that 2005 saw 19 weeks of near-continuous activity. There was record or near-record activity in almost every month of the season.

Strongest storms

Hurricane Katrina became the fourth most intense Atlantic hurricane on record (currently sixth) when the storm's central pressure dropped to 902 mb on August 28.

Hurricane Rita became the third most intense Atlantic hurricane (currently fourth) and the most intense hurricane on record in the Gulf of Mexico after reaching a pressure reading of 897 mb on September 21.

Hurricane Wilma became the most intense Atlantic hurricane in recorded history (but note numerous Pacific typhoons have been more intense) at just before 5:00 am EDT on October 18, when the central pressure was measured at 884 mb. At 8:00 am EDT, Wilma continued to intensify, reaching 882 mb. Wilma also holds the record of being the only Category 4 storm in the Atlantic Basin to record a minimum central pressure below 900 mb with a central pressure of 894 mb and winds of 155 mph on October 20. This may also make Wilma the most intense Category 4 storm on record worldwide. Katrina, Rita and Wilma are the three most intense storms ever in a single Atlantic hurricane season.

Hurricane Wilma also underwent the most rapid deepening for a 24-hour period ever measured. At noon on October 18, Wilma had a central pressure of 980 millibars (28.93 inches). At noon on October 19, Wilma had a central pressure of 882 millibars (26.04 inches), a pressure fall of 98 millibars (2.89 inches), breaking the previous record of 92 millibars (2.71 inches) set by Super Typhoon Forrest in the Western Pacific in 1983. Some sources, however, say that Forrest's pressure was lower than originally measured (876 mb instead of 883 mb). This fact would imply that Forrest retains the record with a pressure fall of 100 mb in 24 hours, and thus this uncertainty is noted here.

In addition, Hurricane Dennis and Hurricane Emily, both in July, reached 930 mb and 929 mb respectively, becoming the two strongest storms on record in July.

Katrina was also the third most intense hurricane on record to make landfall in the United States in terms of pressure (918 mbar), behind the Labor Day Hurricane of 1935 and Hurricane Camille in 1969.

When Rita reached Category 5 intensity on September 21, 25 days after Katrina, it became only the third time in recorded history (and the first time since the 1961 season) that there had been two Category 5 hurricanes in a single season. When Wilma became a Category 5 storm on October 19, the 2005 season became the first that had three Category 5 storms. In addition, Emily reached 155 mph and was on the Category 4/5 boundary at its peak.

Late activity

After forming on November 29, Hurricane Epsilon became the longest-lasting December hurricane on record when it sustained itself (with the exception of a brief drop to tropical storm strength) from December 2-7. It is also tied with Hurricane Nicole of 1998 as the second strongest December hurricane on record when its peak winds reached 85 mph (140 km/h).

In addition, two other storms (Gamma and Delta) formed in late November, which sets a record for most tropical storms formed during the month of November.

Other records

Hurricane Vince was the farthest north and east that a tropical storm has ever formed in the Atlantic basin since records have been kept. It was also the first tropical storm on record to make landfall in mainland Europe.

2005 storm names

The following names were used for tropical storms and hurricanes that formed in the North Atlantic in 2005. This was the same list used for the 1999 season, with the exceptions of Franklin and Lee, which replaced Floyd and Lenny. The names not retired from this list will be used again in the 2011 Atlantic hurricane season. Storms were named Franklin, Lee, Maria, Nate, Ophelia, Philippe, Rita, Stan, Tammy, Vince, Wilma, Beta, Gamma, and Epsilon for the first time in 2005 (the names Alpha and Delta had been previously used in 1972 for two subtropical storms, but this is the first time they have been used in this way).

Vince and Wilma were the first named 'V' and 'W' storms ever in the Atlantic basin. The naming of Wilma exhausted the 2005 list, the first time in Atlantic naming history that all names in the list have been used. Bold names are currently active.

Arlene
Bret
Cindy
Dennis
Emily
Franklin
Gert

Harvey
Irene
Jose
Katrina
Lee
Maria
Nate

Ophelia
Philippe
Rita
Stan
Tammy
Vince
Wilma

Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Delta
Epsilon

On October 22, 2005, Tropical Depression Twenty-five strengthened into Tropical Storm Alpha. This is the first time in Atlantic hurricane history that Greek letters have been used due to the exhaustion of the primary list. Additional tropical storms that form before 2006 will continue to be named after letters of the Greek alphabet. The next three storms, if they form, would be named Zeta, Eta, and Theta.

Retirement

Names to be retired will be announced by the World Meteorological Organization in the spring of 2006. Any statement about retired names made before then is purely speculative.

Several storms this year are considered candidates for retirement, and it is possible this year will surpass the record for the most names retired after a single season, which is four (held by the 1955, 1995, and 2004 seasons).

There is no precedent for a storm named with a Greek letter causing enough damage to justify retirement; how this situation would be handled is unknown^[71].

External links

National Hurricane Center's Atlantic Tropical Weather Outlook - updated four times daily
National Hurricane Center
National Hurricane Center's 2005 Archive
Hydrometeorological Prediction Center's 2005 Archive
US National Climatic Data Center - Atlantic Basin 2005 Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) Index
William Gray's 2005 Extended Range Forecast (issued December 3, 2004)
Flash Hurricane Tracker - track active and archived hurricanes.
Unisys' 2005 Season Page - includes map of paths of all storms
NASA Hurricane Tracking - a movie showing all the hurricanes through October 19
Wunderground's coverage of tropical weather - find out all the newest information and all the old information (1800s) on tropical weather
FLHurricane.com 2005 data - includes GoogleMaps tracking
[72] - includes info on all active systems

Notes

^ "Hurricane EMILY". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "SUMMARY OF 2005 ATLANTIC TC ACTIVITY AND VERIFICATION OF SEASONAL AND MONTHLY FORECASTS". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "EXTENDED RANGE FORECAST OF ATLANTIC SEASONAL HURRICANE ACTIVITY FOR 2005". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "EXTENDED RANGE FORECAST OF ATLANTIC SEASONAL HURRICANE ACTIVITY FOR 2005". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "Climate Prediction Center - Expert Assessments: Atlantic Hurricane Outlook Update". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "EXTENDED RANGE FORECAST OF ATLANTIC SEASONAL HURRICANE ACTIVITY FOR 2005". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "Climate Prediction Center - Expert Assessments: Atlantic Hurricane Outlook Update (See above)". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "ABC News: Panhandle Braces for Tropical Storm Arlene". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "archive on Tropical Storm Arlene". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "archive on Tropical Storm Arlene". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "Tropical Storm Bret: Day-by-day recap". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "archive on Tropical Storm Bret". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "Tropical Weather Summary". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "archive on Tropical Storm Cindy". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "archive on Tropical Storm Cindy". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "archive on Hurricane Dennis". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "archive on Hurricane Dennis". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "Hurricane EMILY (See above)". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "archive on Hurricane Emily". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "archive on Tropical Storm Franklin". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "archive on Tropical Storm Gert". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "archive on Tropical Storm Harvey". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "Tropical Storm IRENE". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "archive on Hurricane Irene". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "archive on Tropical Depression Ten". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/N23540113.htm". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help); External link in |title= (help)
^ "Tropical Storm JOSE". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "archive on Tropical Storm Jose". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "archive on Hurricane Katrina". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "archive on Hurricane Katrina". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "archive on Tropical Storm Lee". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "Ramblings' Journal: Five-day track on Hurricane Maria puts it near ICELAND!". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "Tropical Weather Summary". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "archive on Hurricane Maria". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "The Sun News : 09/11/2005 : Storms delay Katrina-aid ships". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "archive on Hurricane Nate". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "archive on Hurricane Ophelia". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "archive on Hurricane Philippe". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "archive on Hurricane Rita". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "archive on Hurricane Rita". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "archive on Tropical Depression Nineteen". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "archive on Hurricane Stan". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "archive on Tropical Storm Tammy". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "archive on Tropical Storm Tammy". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "1010 WINS - ALL NEWS. ALL THE TIME.: October Was Wettest Month On Record". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "archive on Subtropical Depression Twenty-two". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "Tropical Storm VINCE". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "archive on Hurricane Vince". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "archive on Hurricane Wilma". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "archive on Tropical Storm Alpha". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "archive on Hurricane Beta". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "Gamma storm toll in Honduras rises to 32 - Yahoo! News". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "Honduras Raises Storm Death Toll to 32 - Yahoo! News". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "archive on Tropical Storm Gamma". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "Reuters AlertNet - Canary Islands storm hits power, communications". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "Reuters AlertNet - Six immigrants drown in Canary Island storm waves". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "Gran Canaria Info : Dedo de Dios". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "Tenerife News English Local News from Tenerife Canary Islands - Breaking News". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "Planet Ark : Canary Islands Struggle to Restore Power After Storm". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "Cape Times - Canary Islands feel the full force of deadly Storm Delta". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "archive on Tropical Storm Delta". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "discussion #21 for Epsilon". December 4. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "Epsilon refuses to obey the rules - Jeff Masters' Weather Underground blog". December 4. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "archive on Hurricane Epsilon". December 8. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "FAQ : HURRICANES, TYPHOONS, AND TROPICAL CYCLONES". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "The NOAA list of all the records surpassed or tied by the 2005 season". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "NHC/TPC Archive of Past Hurricane Seasons". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)
^ "FAQ : HURRICANES, TYPHOONS, AND TROPICAL CYCLONES". December 3. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help)

Template:Atlantic hurricane season categories

v t e Tropical cyclones of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season
Timeline
	TS Arlene TS Bret 1 Cindy 4 Dennis (history) 5 Emily TS Franklin TS Gert TS Harvey 2 Irene TD Ten TS Jose 5 Katrina (history) TS Lee 3 Maria 1 Nate 1 Ophelia 1 Philippe 5 Rita TD Nineteen 1 Stan SS Unnamed TS Tammy SD Twenty-two 1 Vince 5 Wilma (history) TS Alpha 3 Beta TS Gamma TS Delta 1 Epsilon TS Zeta
Category