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Claude Cahun

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Claude Cahun (25 October, 1894 – 8 December, 1954) was a French photographer and writer. Her work was both political and personal, and often played with the concepts of gender and sexuality.

Born Lucy Schwob in Nantes, she was the niece of writer Marcel Schwob. Her mother's mental problems meant that she was brought up by her maternal grandmother, Mathilde Cahun. Around 1919, she settled on the pseudonym Claude Cahun, intentionally selecting a sexually ambiguous name, after having previously used the names Claude Courlis and Daniel Douglas. During the early twenties, she settled in Paris with her life-long partner Suzanne Malherbe. She published articles and novels, notably in the periodical Mercure de France, and befriended Henri Michaux, Pierre Morhange and Robert Desnos. In 1929, a photograph of hers was published in the journal Bifur. The following year, her autobiographical essay Aveux non avenus, illustrated with photomontages, was published by Carrefour.

In 1932 she joined the Association des Ecrivains et Artistes Révolutionnaires, where she met André Breton and René Crevel. Following this, she started associating with the surrealist group, and later participated in a number of surrealist exhibitions, including the London International Surrealist Exhibition (New Burlington Gallery) and Exposition surréaliste d'Objets (Charles Ratton Gallery, Paris), both in 1936. In 1934, she published a short polemic essay, Les Paris sont Ouverts, and in 1935 took part in the founding of the left-wing group Contre Attaque, alongside André Breton and Georges Bataille.

In 1937 Cahun and Malherbe settled in Jersey. Following the outbreak of World War 2 and the German invasion, they became active as resistance fighters and propagandists. In 1944 they were arrested and sentenced to death, but the sentences were never carried out. However, Cahun's health never recovered from her treatment in jail, and she died in 1954.

Cahun's writings were published in 2002 as Claude Cahun - Écrits (ISBN : 2 85893 616 1), edited by François Leperlier.

Bibliography

  • Vues et Visions (Pseudonym Claude Courlis), Mercure de France, No. 406, 16 May 1914
  • La 'Salomé' d'Oscar Wilde. Le procés Billing et les 47000 pervertis du Livre noir, Mercure de France, No. 481, 1 July 1918
  • Le poteau frontière (Pseudonym Daniel Douglas), La Gerbe, No. 3, December 1918
  • Au plus beau des anges (Pseudonym Daniel Douglas), La Gerbe, No. 3, December 1918
  • Cigarettes (Pseudonym Daniel Douglas), La Gerbe, No. 3, December 1918
  • Aux Amis des livres, La Gerbe, No. 5, February 1919
  • La Sorbonne en fête (Pseudonym Daniel Douglas), La Gerbe, No. 5, February 1919
  • La possession du Monde, par Georges Duhamel, La Gerbe, No. 7, April 1919
  • Les Gerbes (Pseudonym Daniel Douglas), La Gerbe, No. 7, April 1919
  • L'amour aveugle (Pseudonym Daniel Douglas), La Gerbe, No. 12, September 1919
  • La machine magique (Pseudonym Daniel Douglas), La Gerbe, No. 12, September 1919
  • Mathilde Alanic. Les roses refleurissent, Le Phare de la Loire, 29 June 1919
  • Le théâtre de mademoiselle, par Mathias Morhardt, Le Phare de la Loire, 20 July 1919
  • Vues et Visions, mit Illustrationen von Marcel Moore, Paris: Georges Crès & Cie, 1919
  • Paraboles (Pseudonym Daniel Douglas), La Gerbe, No. 17, February 1920
  • Une conférence de Georges Duhamel (Pseudonym Daniel Douglas), La Gerbe, No. 19, April 1920
  • Marcel Schwob, La Gerbe, No. 20, May 1920
  • Héroïnes: 'Eve la trop crédule', 'Dalila, femme entre les femmes', 'La Sadique Judith', 'Hélène la rebelle', 'Sapho l'incomprise', 'Marguerite, sœur incestueuse', 'Salomé la sceptique', Mercure de France, No. 639, 1 February 1925
  • Héroïnes: 'Sophie la symboliste', 'la Belle', Le Journal littéraire, No. 45, 28 February 1925
  • Méditation de Mademoiselle Lucie Schwob, Philosophies, No. 5/6, March 1925
  • Récits de rêve, in der Sonderausgabe Les rêves, Le Disque vert, 3. Jg., Bd. 4, No. 2, 1925
  • Carnaval en chambre, La Ligne de cœur, Heft 4, March 1926
  • Ephémérides, Mercure de France, No. 685, 1 January 1927
  • Au Diable, Le Plateau, No. 2, May-June 1929
  • Ellis, Havelock: La Femme dans la société - I. L'Hygiene sociale, translated by Lucy Schwob, Mercure de France, 1929
  • Aveux non avenus, illustrated by Marcel Moore, Paris: Editions du Carrefour, 30. May 1930
  • Frontière Humaine, self-portrait, Bifur, No. 5, April 1930
  • Protestez (AEAR), Feuille rouge, No. 2, March 1933
  • Contre le fascisme Mays aussi contre l'impérialisme francais (AEAR), Feuille rouge, No. 4, May 1933
  • Les Paris sont ouvert, Paris: José Corti, May 1934
  • Union de lutte des intellectuels révolutionnaires, Contre-Attaque, 7 October 1935
  • Prenez garde aux objets domestique, Cahier d'Art I-II, 1936
  • Sous le feu des canons francais ... et alliés, Contre-Attaque, March 1936
  • Dissolution de Contre-Attaque, L'Œuvre, 24 March 1936
  • Exposition surréaliste d'objets, Exhibition at the Charles Ratton Gallery, Paris, 22-29 May 1936. Items listed by Claude Cahun are Un air de famille and Souris valseuses
  • Il n'y a pas de liberté pour les ennemis de la liberté, 20 July 1936
  • Deharme, Lise: Le Cœur de Pic, 32 illustrated with 20 photos by Claude Cahun, Paris: José Cortis, 1937
  • Adhésion à la Fédération Internationale de l'Art Révolutionnaire Indépendant, Clé, No. 1, January 1939
  • À bas les lettres de cachets! À bas la terreur grise! (FIARI), June 1939

References

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