List of contemporary ethnic groups
This is a list of names of ethnic groups. A group can have several names (e.g., names in English language and in native language, obsolete names, versions of spelling, etc.)
A
- Abenaki - Native Americans once widespread in eastern North America
- Abkhaz - Minority in Georgia, Turkey and Russia, Abkhazia
- Acadian - French-Canadians of the Canadian Maritimes
- Accohannock - Native Americans of Maryland
- Achang - Yunnan, China
- Achomawai - Native Americans of California
- Acoma - Native Americans of the southwest United States and Mexico
- Adja - Minority in Benin
- Adyghe - Minority in Russia, in the north Caucasus region.
- Afar - Minority in Ethiopia, Eritrea and Djibouti. Also known as Danakil
- African-American - Descendants of African slaves brought to North America
- Afrikaners - Dutch-descended settlers of southern Africa
- Agni - minority group in Cote d'Ivoire
- Aguls - Dagestani minority group
- Ahtna - Native Alaskans, along the Copper River
- Aimaks - Minority group in Afghanistan
- Aimaq - Minority group in Afghanistan
- Ainu - Natives of Hokkaido, much of Sakhalin, the Kuriles, and at one time northern Honshu, the Kamchatska Penninsula, and the Amur River basin
- Aja - Minority group in Benin
- Ak Chin - Native American group now resident in Pinal County, Arizona on the Tohono O'odham reservation
- Akan - People of West Africa, inhabiting principally Ghana, Cote d'Ivoire and Togo
- Akha
- Alabama - Native American people from whom the state takes its name; now sharing a reservation in Texas with the Coushatta
- Alak
- Albanians - Natives of the south-west Balkans, principally residing in Albania, Macedonia and Serbia and Montenegro.
- Aleut - Natives of Alaska, and the Yukon, Nunavut and Northwest Territories
- Algonquian - Native Americans of the eastern United States and Canada
- Altaic peoples - Non-homogeneous peoples of the Altai Mountains region
- Americo-Liberians - Descendants of African slaves repatriated to Liberia
- Amhara - Indigenous people of central Ethiopia
- Amish - North American religious minority, of German descent
- Amungme
- Andorrans - Inhabitants of a small nation between France and Spain
- Anglo-Celtic Australian - Inhabitants of Australia with British descent
- Anglo-Indian - Offspring of mixed Indian and British parents resident in India
- Anglo-Saxon - Often used to mean a person of English ancestry
- Apaches - western plains Native American group of the United States
- Apinaje
- Arab - originally from Arabia, now widespread throughout the Middle East and North Africa
- Aramean - Semitic people of the Middle East, chiefly resident in Syria
- Arapaho - Native American people, formerly inhabiting Colorado and Wyoming, now living in Oklahoma and Wyoming
- Araucanian - Non-homogenous peoples of South America, inhabiting Chile and western Argentina
- Arawak - natives of the Caribbean
- Arikara - natives of the Caribbean
- Armenians - natives of the Caucasus region, Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh, with a large worldwide diaspora
- Aromanians (or Macedo-Romanians) - a population living as a minority in Northern Greece, Serbia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Albania and Bulgaria
- Arubans - Dutch-colonized island in the Caribbean
- Asheninka
- Assiniboine - Native American people living in Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Montana; one of the Sioux peoples
- Assyrians - Middle Eastern, principally in Syria
- Atikamekw
- Atsina - Native American people inhabiting Montana and formerly Saskatchewan
- Atsugewi
- Australian aborigine - generic name for native inhabitants of Australia
- Avars - inhabitants of the Russian republic of Dagestan
- Awá - an endangered Amazonian tribe of hunter-gatherers
- Aymaras - South American people of Bolivia and Peru
- Azeris - Turkic people of the Caucasus, Azerbaijan
- Aztecs - Central American people, descendants widespread in Mexico
B
- Ba Na
- Baguirmi - inhabitants of Chad
- Bai - national minority of China, inhabiting Yunnan province
- Bajau - Sea Gypsies of Borneo; touch land only to bury their dead.
- Baka - one of the Pygmy peoples of central Africa. See also Twa, Aka, Mbuti, Binga and Gelli Efé.
- Bate Boiko
- Bakongo - majority population of the Republic of the Congo; also living in Angola
- Balkars - people of the northern Caucasus, mainly inhabiting the Russian republic of Kabardino-Balkaria
- Baloch (also Baluch) - traditionally nomadic Muslim people of Baluchistan
- Bambara - group living chiefly in Mali and Guinea
- Bamileke - majority inhabitants of Cameroon
- Banawa
- Banda - one of the peoples of the Central African Republic
- Bandjabi
- Bantu - ethnic group widespread in central and southern Africa
- Baoule - major ethnic group in Cote d'Ivoire
- Bapou
- Bariba - national minority in Benin
- Basarwa - ethnic minority in Botswana
- Bashkhirs (or Bashkir) - people of east central Russia, inhabiting principally Bashkortostan
- Basotho - inhabitants of Lesotho
- Basques - group unrelated to other known ethnicities, located in the Pyrenees between Spain and France
- Bassa - people of Liberia
- Bassari
- Bateke - minority group in the Republic of the Congo
- Batswana - largest ethnic group in Botswana
- Bavarians - inhabitant of the German state of Bavaria, with a distinctive dialect of High German
- Baya-Mandjia
- Bedouins - nomadic group throughout North Africa and western Middle East
- Belarusians - Slavic people of eastern Europe, Belarus
- Bengalis - South Asian people, chiefly inhabiting Bangladesh
- Berbers - a North African people, living in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Egypt
- Betammaribe
- Bethio
- Bhotia - majority population of Bhutan, of Tibetan descent
- Biafrans - inhabitant of eastern Nigerian region (see also Ibo)
- Bit
- Blackfeet (or Blackfoot) - group of Native American peoples of the Great Plains, comprising the Blackfoot, Blood, and Piegan tribes.
- Bo Y
- Bonan
- Bosniak - Muslim Slavic people of southeastern Europe, inhabiting chiefly Bosnia and Serbia
- Bouganvilleans - inhabitants of island near Papua New Guinea
- Brau
- Bretons - Celtic group in northwest France
- Bru-Van Kieu - Vietnam
- Brulé - Native American people inhabiting parts of Nebraska and South Dakota; one of the Sioux peoples
- Bulang
- Bulgars - Slavic people of the Balkans
- Bulu-Beti
- Bunjevci - Slavic people of the Balkans
- Buryats - people of the eastern Russian republic of Buryatia
- Bushongo - inhabitants of the Congo region
- Buyi - national minority of China
C
- Caddo - Native American peoples formerly residing in Louisiana, Arkansas and Texas, now located in central Oklahoma.
- Cahuila
- Caingang
- Cajuns - French-Americans in Louisiana. See also Acadian.
- Cape Coloured - mixed-race population of the Western Cape Province of South Africa
- Cape Malay - Malay-descended population of the Western Cape Province of South Africa
- Caprivian - inhabitants of the Caprivi Strip in northeastern Namibia
- Caribs - group of Native American peoples of northern South America, the Lesser Antilles, and the east coast of Central America; now mostly extinct
- Caripuna
- Carrier - Native American people of Canada, one of the Athabascan group of peoples
- Catalans - inhabitants of north-eastern Spain and southwestern France
- Catawba - Native Americans from the Carolina region of the United States, now resident in western South Carolina
- Cayuga - Native American people of New York state, now resident in Wisconsin and Oklahoma; one of the Iroquois group of peoples
- Cayuse - Native American people of northeast Oregon and southeast Washington
- Cham - a people of Indonesian stock living in Cambodia and central Vietnam
- Chechens - inhabitants of northern Caucasus, chiefly in Chechnya in Russia
- Chehalis
- Chemakum
- Chemehuevi - Native American people of the southwest United States
- Chepang
- Chere
- Cherokee - Native American people originally of Tennessee and North Carolina, now mostly living in Oklahoma
- Cheyenne - Native American people of the Great Plains of the United States
- Chicano - a United States citizen of Mexican origin
- Chickahominee
- Chickasaw - Native American people formerly of northeast Mississippi and northwest Alabama, now living in Oklahoma
- Chilcotin - Native American inhabitants of British Columbia
- Chinookan - members of a number of Native American peoples living in the Columbia River valley in Washington and Oregon
- Chipewyan - Native American people of northwest Canada
- Chippewa - Native American people inhabiting the Great Lakes region of Canada and also living in Minnesota, North Dakota, Wisconsin, Michigan and Montana
- Chitimacha
- Cho Ro
- Choctaw - Native American people formerly of Mississippi and Alabama, now mostly living in Oklahoma
- Chukchansi
- Chumash - Group of Native American peoples inhabiting coastal southern California
- Chut
- Ciboney - Mesoamerican inhabitants of Cuba, now extinct
- Clayoquot - Native American people of Vancouver Island, British Columbia
- Co
- Co Ho
- Co Lao
- Co Tu
- Coast Salish - Native Americans of the Pacific Northwest
- Cochiti - Native American people of the southwestern United States
- Cocopah
- Coeur d'Alene - Native American people of the Rocky Mountains
- Coharie
- Coloured - term used to denote mixed-race inhabitants of South Africa. See also Cape Coloured
- Colville - Native American people inhabiting Washington; one of the Salish tribes
- Comanches - Native American people inhabiting Oklahoma, Texas, California and New Mexico
- Cong
- Coquille
- Cornish - Celtic group in the southwest of England
- Corsicans - inhabitants of island off the south coast of France
- Costanoan - Native American people of central California, one of the Mission Indian peoples
- Coushatta - Native American now resident in Texas. See also Alabama
- Cowichan - Native American inhabitants of Vancouver Island, British Columbia
- Cowlitz - Native American people of western Washington; one of the Salish peoples
- Cree - widely dispersed Native American people inhabiting the northern United States and Canada
- Creek - Native American people originally of Alabama but now mostly residing in Oklahoma
- Créole - referring either to people of Iberian or French ancestry in the Americas, or people of mixed Native American and European ancestry in Alaska
- Croats - Slavic people of southeastern Europe
- Crow - Native American people of the northern Great Plains, now chiefly residing in southeast Montana; one of the Sioux peoples
- Cupeno
- Czechs - Slavic people of central Europe
D
- Dagestani peoples - indigenous groups of northern Caucasus
- Dai (Thai, Thai Lue)
- Dakota
- Damara
- Dargins - Dagestani
- Dao
- Daur
- De'ang
- Delaware - Eastern United States Native American
- Dendi
- Danish - Scandinavian country in northern Europe
- Diegueno
- Dinka
- Diola
- Dominican - from the Dominican Republic, Hispaniola
- Dong
- Dongxiang
- Drung
- Du
- Dutch - Northern European, one of the Low Countries
E
- E De
- English - Germanic group dwelling in the lowlands of Great Britain
- Enxet
- Eritrean - formerly of Ethiopia, on the Red Sea
- Eshira
- Esselen
- Estonian - Finno-Ugric people of northeastern Europe
- Evenks
F
- Fang - Western Africa
- Farsi - Small minority of Zoroastrians in Iran and Afghanistan
- Fijian - Polynesian group
- Finns - Ethnic group in Finland and Scandinavia, west of Russia
- Flemish - Belgium and the Netherlands
- Fon
- French - western European
- French Creole - of Haiti
- French Canadian - of French Canadian culture, historically self-identified as Canadiens, then later as Canadiens-français and today as Québécois. See also Quebecois, Metis and Acadians.
- Frisian - Germanic group on a few islands in the North Sea
- Fula
- Fulani
- Fulbe
- Fulfulde
- Fulni-o
G
- Gaelic - Irish, Scottish and Manx Celtic group
- Gagauz
- Galician - people of Celtic origin in northwestern Spain
- Gaoshan
- Garifuna
- Ge - northern South America, Caribbean coast
- Gelao
- Georgian - Caucasus region, of Georgia
- ethnic German - with to German culture and German language
- Gia Rai
- Giay
- Gie Trieng
- Gongduk
- Gorani - Slavic people in Serbia
- Goshute
- Goulaye
- Greek - southeastern Europe
- Greenlander - island in the North Atlantic
- Griqua - South Africa
- Gros Ventre
- Guajajara
- Guarani
- Gurage - Ethiopia
- Gurung
H
- H'Re
- Ha-Nhi
- Haida - Pacific Northwest Native Americans
- Hakka
- Haliwa-Sapponi
- Han Chinese - dominant ethnic group of China
- Hani
- Havasupai
- Haw
- Hawaiian - native Polynesians of the island chain
- Hazara
- Hercegovinian - arguably regional group of Croats and Serbs in Herzegovina
- Herero
- Hesquiat
- Hezhen
- Hidatsa
- Himba
- Hmong - Southeast Asia
- Ho-Chunk
- Hoa
- Houma
- Hoh
- Hohokam
- Hoklo
- Holikachuk
- Hopi - Native American, of the southwest United States
- Hui Chinese
- Hungarian - Finno-Ugric people of central Europe
- Hualapai - Natives of Mesoamerica
- Hupa
- Huastec
- Huron - Eastern United States Native American
- Hutu - Rwanda
I
- Icelandic - North Atlantic island
- Illinois
- Incan - Of western South America, along the Andes and particularly Peru
- Ingushes - northern Caucacus
- Ingalik - Natives of Alaska
- Innu - Native Americans of eastern Canada
- Inuit - Widespread in Alaska and northern Canada
- Iowa
- Irish - Island west of Britain, Celtic
- Iroquois - Native Americans once widespread in the eastern United States and Canada
- Isleta - Natives from New Mexico
- Isoko
- Istro-Romanian - Istria
- Italian - from the Apennine peninsula in the south of Europe
J
- Jamaican - mixture of African slaves, Central American natives and English settlers, Caribbean
- Japanese - islands off the east coast of Asia
- Javanese - island in Indonesia
- Jemez
- Jewish - widespread religion and nation, also concentrated in Israel
- Jing
- Jingpo
- Jino
- Jivaroan
- Jola
- Jopadhola
- Jri
K
- Kalispel
- Karaja
- Karen - southeast Asia
- Karok
- Kashub - northern Europe
- Katang
- Kato
- Katu
- Katuquina
- Kavango
- Kaw
- Kaxinawa
- Kazakh - Turkic/Mongol people of central Asia
- Keresan
- Khang
- Khazars
- Khmer - southeast Asia, Cambodia
- Khmu
- Kho Mu
- Khomani or N/u
- Khoikhoi - Southern Africa
- Kickapoo
- Kinh
- Kiowa - Native Americans of the Great Plains of the United States
- Kirghiz - Turkic people of central Asia
- Klallam
- Klamath - Native Americans of the Pacific Northwest
- Klikitat
- Kolchan
- Kootenai
- Korean - from a peninsula in Asia, south of Manchuria (China) and across the sea from Japan
- Koskimo
- Koyukon - Natives of Alaska
- Kpelle - Group from Guinea, western Africa
- Kraho - Natives of northwestern Brazil
- Kri - Group from Sierra Leone, western Africa
- Kui
- Kumeyaay-Digueno
- Kumyks - Turkic people of northern Caucacus
- Kurd - large minority in Turkey, Iraq, Iran
- Kutenai
- Kwakiutl - of the Washington/British Columbia area
L
- La Chi
- La Ha
- La Hu
- Laguna
- Lahu
- Laks - Caucacus
- Lakota - Native Americans of the Great Plains of the United States and Canada
- Lamet
- Lao Sung
- Lao Theung
- Laotian - southeast Asia
- Latino - Mixed native South or Central American, Spanish or Portuguese and African
- Latvian - Baltic people of northeastern Europe
- Lavae
- Laven
- Lavi
- Lebou
- Lenca
- Lezgis - Dagestani
- Lhoba
- Li Chinese
- Limbus
- Lippovans - Danube Delta, Romania
- Lisu
- Lithuanian - Baltic people of northeastern Europe
- Lo Lo
- Lotuko
- Low Saxon - Northern Germany
- Lu
- Lue
- Luiseno
- Lumbee
- Lummi
M
- M'Baka
- Ma
- Macedonian Slavs - Slavic people of southeastern Europe
- Macuxi
- Madurese
- Magar
- Maidu
- Makah
- Makua
- Makong
- Malabo
- Malay - dominant ethnic group in south-east Asia specifically Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei and the Philippines.
- Maliseet
- Maltese - syncretist group in the Mediterranean
- Mam - a Maya people of Guatemala
- Manchu - Manchuria, now part of China, north of Korea
- Mandan
- Mang
- Manx - Celts of the Isle of Man
- Maonan
- Mapuche
- Maricopa
- Maori - natives of New Zealand
- Mashantucket Pequots - Native Americans of New England
- Mattaponi
- Matabele - Southern Africa
- Maubere
- Maya - natives of Central America, widespread
- Me-Wuk
- Megleno-Romanians - in Greece
- Meherrin
- Memon - India and Pakistan
- Menba
- Menominee - Eastern United States Native American
- Métis
- Miami
- Miao
- Miccosukee - Eastern United States Native American
- Mi'kmaq - Eastern United States and Atlantic Canada Native American
- Mina
- Mingo
- Mission
- Miwok
- Mixtec - Central American natives
- Mnong
- Modoc
- Mohave - Native Americans of the southwest United States
- Mohawk - Eastern United States Native American
- Mohican - Native Americans from New England
- Moldovan - Romanians people of Moldova, eastern Europe
- Mon - southeast Asia, particularly Thailand
- Monacan - Native American ethnic group, not to be confused with a person from Monaco
- Mongol - Central Asia, between Russia and China
- Mono
- Montaukett
- Montenegrin - Slavic people of southeastern Europe
- Moor - Descendants of Arab invaders of the Hispanic Peninsula
- Moriori - indigenous ethnic-group of the Chatham Islands, New Zealand
- Muckleshoot
- Mulam
- Muong
- Museu
- Myene
N
- Nahanni
- Nama
- Nansemond
- Narragansett - natives of New England
- Nauruan - Polynesian group of islands in the Pacific Ocean
- Navajo - Native Americans of the southwest United States
- Naxi
- Ndau
- Nepalese - south Asia, between India and China
- Nespelim
- Newars
- Nez Perce - Native Americans of the Rocky Mountains area
- Ngae
- Nhahuen
- Nhuon
- Ni-Vanuatu - of Vanuatu, an island chain in the Pacific Ocean
- Niominka
- Nipmuc
- Nishka
- Nisqually
- Nogais - Tatars of Dagestan
- Nomlaki
- Nooksack - Native Americans of Washington
- Nootka - Native American group in the northwestern United States
- Nu
- N/u or Khomani
- Nung
O
- O Du
- Oglala - Native Americans of the central United States
- Oi
- Ojibwa
- Okamba
- Okande
- Olmec
- Omaha
- Oneida
- Onondangua
- Oromo - Ethiopia
- Oroqin
- Osage
- Otoe-Missouria
- Ottawa
- Ovambo
P
- Pa Then
- Paiute
- Pakoh
- Palestinian - much-disputed ethnic group of the Middle East
- Pamunkey
- Panoan
- Pashtun - large group in Afghanistan
- Passamaquoddy
- Patagonian - southern tip of South America, Argentina
- Pataxo
- Paugusset
- Pawnee - Eastern United States Native American
- Penobscot - Eastern United States Native American
- Peoria
- Persian - modern-day Iran
- Phong
- Phu La
- Phu Noi
- Phu Thai
- Piegan
- Pima
- Pit River Indians
- Pitcairn-Norfolk
- Polish - Slavic people of central-northern Europe
- Pomaks - in Greece
- Pomo
- Ponca
- Poospatuck
- Portuguese - extreme southwest of Europe
- Potawatomi - Eastern United States Native American
- Potiguara
- Powhatan - Eastern United States Native American
- Pu Peo
- Pueblo people - Native Americans of the Rocky Mountains-area
- Puelche
- Puget Sound Salish - of Washington
- Pumi
- Puyallup
Q
R
- Ra Glai
- Rais
- Ramapough Mountain Indians
- Rappahannock - of the mid-Atlantic region of the United States
- Ro Mam
- Roma - one of the two groups more commonly known as Gypsies
- Romanian - Eastern European
- Russian - Slavic people of eastern Europe, originally of Moscow, Kiev area, now widespread through Siberia and the Urals to the Pacific Ocean
- Ruthenes (also called Rusyns)
- Rutuls - Dagestani
- Ryukyuans - the native inhabitants of the Ryukyus, a chain of islands starting about 200km southwest of the Japanese mainland. They are usually subgrouped as follows: Northern Ryukyuans are further subdivided into Amamians and Okinawans, and Southern Ryukyuans are further subdivided into Miyakoans, Yaeyamans, and Yonagunians
S
- S'Klallam
- Sami - (Lapplanders), northern extreme of Scandinavia (Sweden, Norway, Finland)
- Sadang
- Saek
- Salar
- Salish - of Washington and British Columbia
- Samaritan
- Samtao
- San
- San Chay
- San Diu
- Sardinians - island near Italy
- Sarsi
- Sauk
- Sauk-Suiattle
- Scandinavian - Norway and Sweden
- Scottish - Celtic group in the north of Britain
- Scots-Irish - descendents of Ulster-Scots who migrated to North America
- Sekani
- Seminole - natives of Florida
- Semitic
- Sena
- Seneca - Native Americans of the New York area
- Serbian - Slavic people of southeastern Europe (Balkans) or Serbs
- Serer
- Serer-Ndut
- Shangaan
- Shankella - Ethiopia
- Shasta tribe
- Shawnee
- She
- Sherpa - group in Nepal and the Himalayas
- Shinnecock
- Shoalwater Bay Tribe
- Shoshone
- Shui
- Si La
- Sicilian - island south of Italy
- Sidamo - Ethiopia
- Siksika
- Siletz
- Singmun
- Sinhalese - group widespread in southern India and Sri Lanka
- Sinti - one of the two main groups of Gypsies
- Sioux - Northern Central United States
- Siuslaw
- Slavic
- Slovak - Slavic people of central Europe
- Slovene - Slavic people of central Europe
- Slovincian - in Pomerania
- Skokomish
- Somali - eastern Africa
- Somba
- Sorbic - concentrated Slavic minority in Germany
- Souei
- Spanish - southwestern Europe
- Spokane
- Squaxin Island Tribe
- Stillaguamish
- Sundanese
- Suquamish
- Swazi - Southern Africa, Swaziland
- Swinomish
T
- Ta Oi
- Tabasarans - Dagestani
- Tache
- Tachi
- Tagish
- Tahitian - Pacific Ocean island, Polynesian
- Taino - natives of the Caribbean
- Tajik - specific ethnic group of central Asia
- Taliang
- Tamil - of India and Sri Lanka
- Tanaina
- Tanana
- Taos
- Tapuia
- Tarascan
- Tatars - Turkic people
- Tats - Dagestani
- Tay
- Tehuelche
- Tejano - Latino immigrants to Texas
- Teotihuacan
- Terena
- Teton - Native Americans of the Rocky Mountains area
- Tewa
- Thai - southeast Asia
- Tharu
- Thin
- Tho
- Tibetan - currently under Chinese rule, Central Asia
- Ticuna
- Tigre - Ethiopia
- Tigua
- Tlakluit
- Tlingit - Native Americans of the Pacific Northwest
- Tohono O'odham
- Tolowa
- Toltec - Central America
- Tonkawa
- Tongva
- Topachula
- Totonac
- Tsakhurs - Dagestani
- Tsetsaut
- Tsimishian - Pacific Northwest Native Americans
- Tsonga - Southern Africa
- Tswana - Southern Africa (see also Batswana)
- Tualalip
- Tuareg
- Tujia
- Tukanoan
- Tukolor
- Tulutni
- Tum
- Tumbuka
- Tungus
- Tunica-Biloxi
- Tupian
- Turkish - Turkic people of the Middle East, Turkey
- Turkmen - Turkic people of central Asia
- Tutchone
- Tutsi - of Rwanda and southern Africa
- Tuvan - Central Asian group in Russia
- Tuvaluan - Polynesian island chain in the Pacific Ocean
- Twa
- Tzigane
U
- Uighur - large Muslim minority in China
- Ukrainian - widespread Slavic people north of the Black Sea, Ukraine
- Ulster-Scots
- Umatilla
- Umpqua
- Upper Skagit
- Ute - Native Americans of the Rocky Mountains area
- Uzbek - Turkic people of central Asia, Uzbekistan
V
W
- Wa
- Waccamaw
- Wailaki
- Welsh - Celtic nation in the west of Great Britain
- Walla Walla
- Wampanoag
- Wasco
- Washoe
- White Mountain Apache
- Wichita
- Wintun
- Wiyot
- Wolof - Senegal and elsewhere in western Africa
X
Y
- Yae
- Yakama
- Yakima
- Yakut - in eastern Russia
- Yang
- Yanomami - the Amazon river basin, Brazil
- Yao
- Yavapai
- Yawanawa
- Yi
- Yocha-Dehe
- Yokut
- Yoruba - western Africa
- Yugur
- Yuki - Native Americans of northwestern California
- Yupik
- Yuma
- Yumbri
- Yurok
Z
- Zapotec - Central America
- Zhonghua minzu - Chinese pseudo-ethnic group.
- Zhuang
- Zulu - of southern Africa
- Zuni - of the southwestern United States