List of names of European cities in different languages
Most cities in Europe have different names in different languages. Some cities have also undergone name changes for political or other reasons. This article attempts to give all known different names for all major European cities. It also includes some smaller towns that are important because of their location or history.
This article also lists cities of Turkey, Cyprus, and all the republics of the former Soviet Union. A number of important Mediterranean Basin cities are also included.
This article does not offer any opinion about what the "original", "official", "real", or "correct" name of any city is or was. Cities are listed alphabetically by their current best-known name in English. The English version is followed by variants in other languages, in alphabetical order by name, and then by any historical variants and former names.
Foreign names that are the same as their English equivalents may be listed, to provide an answer to the question "What is that name in..."?. a
A
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Aabenraa | Åbenrå (Swedish), Apenrade (German) |
| Aachen | Ahen (Serbian), Aix-la-Chapelle (French), Aken (Dutch), Akwizgran (Polish), Aquae Grani or Aquisgranum (Latin), Aquisgrà (Catalan), Āhene (Latvian), Aquisgrán (Spanish), Aquisgrana (Italian), Aquisgrano (Portuguese), Cáchy (Czech), Åxhe (Walloon), Oochen (Luxembourgish), Óche (local Ripuarian), Oche (Limburgish), Aachen (Bahasa Indonesia, German, Romanian, Swedish) |
| Aalst | Aalst (Dutch), Alost (French) |
| Aarhus | Århus (Danish, Swedish), Orhūsa (Latvian) |
| Abbeville | Abbatis Villa (Latin), Abbeville (French, Romanian) |
| Adjud | Adjud (Romanian), Egyedhalma (Hungarian) |
| Aiud | Aiud (Romanian), Nagyenyed (Hungarian), Strassburg (German) |
| Aix-en-Provence | Aix-en-Provence (French, Romanian), Aquae Sextiae (Latin), Ais (Occitan, Provençal) |
| Aix-les-Bains | Aix-les-Bains (French), Aquae Gratianae (Latin) |
| Ajaccio | Ajaccio (French), Aiacciu (Corsican), Aiaccio (Italian) |
| Albacete | Albacete (Bahasa Indonesia, Spanish), al-Basīt (Arabic) |
| Alba Iulia | Alba Iulia (Romanian), Apulum (Latin), Gyulafehérvár (Hungarian), Karlsburg (German), Weißenburg (former German) |
| Alexandroupolis | Alessandropoli (Italian), Alexandroúpoli - Αλεξανδρούπολη (Greek), Alexandroúpolis - Αλεξανδρούπολις (Greek-Katharevousa), Alexandropolis (Dutch), Dedeağaç (Turkish) |
| Algeciras | Algeciras (Spanish), Algesires (Catalan), al-Jazīra (Arabic) |
| Alghero | Alghero (Italian), L'Alguer (Catalan), S'Alighera (Sardinian), Alguer (Spanish) |
| Alicante | 'Akra Leuke - Ἄκρα Λευκή (Ancient Greek), Alacant (Catalan, Valencian), Alicante (Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish), Alikantė (Lithuanian), Alikante (Latvian), al-Laqant (Arabic), Lucentum (Latin) |
| Almaty | Alma-Ata (Bahasa Indonesia, Dutch, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Turkish), Ałma Ata (Polish), Almata (Latvian, Lithuanian), Almaty (Kazakh) |
| Amścisłaŭ | Amścisłaŭ - Амсьціслаў or Mścisłaŭ - Мсьціслаў (Belarusian), Mścisław (Polish), Mstislavl - Мстиславль (Russian), Mstislavlis (Lithuanian) |
| Amsterdam | Amstardam (Irish), Amstardām (Arabic), Amsterdam (Bahasa Indonesia, Dutch, Estonian, French, Italian, Polish, Serbian, Romanian, Catalan, Swedish, Turkish, Limburgish), Ámsterdam (Spanish), Amsterdama (Latvian), Amsterdamas (Lithuanian), Amsterdão (Portuguese), Amsterodam (Czech), Amszterdam (Hungarian), Aemstelredamme / Amstelredam (former Dutch), Amstelodamum (Latin), Mokum or Groot-Mokum (local slang) |
| Ankara | Ancara (Portuguese), Ancyra (Latin), Angora (former English, former Italian, former Romanian), Ankara (Armenian, Bahasa Indonesia, Polish, Latvian, Romanian, Serbian, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish), Ágkyra - Άγκυρα (Greek), Anqara (Arabic) |
| Anklam | Anklam (German), Nakło nad Pianą (Polish) |
| Antioch | Antakya (Turkish), Antioche (French), Antiochia (German, Italian, Latin, Polish, Slovak), Antióchia - Αντιόχεια (Greek), Antióchia i epí Dáfni - Αντιόχεια η επί Δάφνη / Antióchia i epí Oróntu - Αντιόχεια η επί Ορόντου / Antióchia i Megáli - Αντιόχεια η Μεγάλη (extended names in Greek), Antiochie (Czech), Antiochië (Dutch), Antioch-on-the-Orontes (extended name in English), Antiohia (Romanian), Antiokia (Bahasa Indonesia, Finnish, Swedish), Antioquía (Spanish), Antióquia (Portuguese) |
| Antwerp | Amberes (Spanish), Amvérsa - Αμβέρσα (Greek), Antuérpia (Portuguese), Antverpen (Russian, Serbian, Ukrainian), Antverpenas (Lithuanian), Antverpene (Latvian), Antverpy (Czech, Slovak), Antwīrb (Arabic), Antwerpen (Dutch, Finnish, German, Swedish), Antwerpia (Polish), Anvers (French, Catalan, Romanian), Anversa (Italian), Anviesse (Walloon), Antverpeno (Esperanto), Antwerpe (local dialect, Limburgish) |
| Aquileia | Akwilea / Akwileja (Polish), Aquileia (Italian, Portuguese, Romanian), Aquileja (German), Oglej (Slovene) |
| Archangel | Arcángel (Spanish), Archangelsk (German), Archangelskas (Lithuanian), Arhangeļska (Latvian), Archangielsk (Polish), Arhanđel (Serbian), Arhanghelsk (Romanian), Arkangeli (Finnish), Arkhangel'sk (Russian) Sint-Michiel (Dutch) |
| Arlon | Arlon (French), Aarlen (Dutch), Arel (German), Arel (Luxembourgish) |
| Arnhem | Arnheim (German), Arnhem (Dutch, Polish), Arnhim (Frisian), Ernem (local dialect), Ārnhema (Latvian) |
| Arras | Arasu - アラス (Japanese), Arazzo (medieval Italian), Arras (French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Swedish), Atrecht (Dutch) |
| Aschaffenburg | Aschaffenburg (German), Aschaffenburgo (Spanish) |
| Ashkhabad | Ašchabád (Czech, Slovak), Aschchabad / Aschgabad / Aschgabat (German), Ašgabat (Finnish), Aşgabat / Aşkabat (Turkish), Aşhabad (Romanian), Ašhabad (Serbian), Ašhabada (Latvian), Ashgabat (Turkmen), Ashkhabad (Russian), Ashxobod (Uzbek), Asjchabad (Dutch), Aszchabad (Polish), Išq Ābād (Arabic) |
| Assisi | Ascesi (medieval Italian), Asís (Spanish), Asisi (Romanian),Assis (Portuguese), Assise (French), Assisi (Dutch, German, Italian), Asyż (Polish) |
| Astana | Akmolinsk (Russian), Akmola (Finnish), Akmola (variant in Russian), Akmoła (former Polish), Aqmola (former Kazakh), Astana (Kazakh, Latvian, Polish, Serbian, Turkish), Tselinograd (former Russian) |
| Athens | Афины/Afíny (Russian), Афіни/Afiny (Ukrainian), An Aithin (Irish), Ateena (Estonian, Finnish), Aten (Norwegian, Swedish) Aten - אַטען (Yiddish), Atena (Bahasa Indonesia, Croatian, Romanian), Atėnai (Lithuanian), Atenas (Portuguese, Spanish), Atēnas (Latvian), Atene (Italian, Slovene), Atene - アテネ (Japanese), Atenes (Catalan), Atenk (Armenian) Atény (Czech, Slovak), Ateny (Polish), Athen (Danish, German, Norwegian, Swedish, Welsh), Athén (Hungarian), Aþena (Icelandic), Athenae (Latin), Athene (Dutch, Limburgish), Athènes (French), Athény (alternative Czech), Athína - Αθήνα (Greek), Atīnā (Arabic), Atina (Bulgarian, Serbian, Turkish) |
| Augsburg | Augsbourg (French), Augsburg (German, Polish, Catalan, Romanian), Augsburga (Latvian), Augsburgo (Spanish, Portuguese), Augšpurk / Aušpurk (Czech), Augusta (Italian), Augusta Vindelicorum (Latin), Oogsborg (Low Saxon), Avgústa - Αυγούστα (Greek) |
| Avignon | Avenio (Latin), Avignon (French, Romanian), Avignone (Italian), Avinhão (Portuguese), Avinhon (Occitan, Provençal), Avinjon (Serbian), Aviñón (Spanish), Aviņona (Latvian), Avinion (Polish), Anvinyó (Catalan) |
B
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Bacău | Bacău (Romanian), Bakó (Hungarian) |
| Baia Mare | Baia Mare (Romanian), Frauenbach (German), Nagybánya (Hungarian), Neustadt (rarer German) |
| Bakhchisaray | Bahçesaray (Turkish), Bakczysaraj (Polish), Bakhchisaray - Бахчисарай (Russian), Bakhchysarai - Бахчисарай (Russian, Ukrainian), Bağçasaray (Tatar), Bahcisarai (Romanian) |
| Baku | Bacu (Portuguese), Bakı (Azeri), Bakoe (Dutch), Bakou (French), Baku (Bahasa Indonesia, Polish, Serbian, Romanian, Latvian), Bākū (Arabic), Bakü (Turkish) |
| Bar (Montenegro) | Antivari (Italian), Bar (Croatian, Romanian, Serbian); Dioclea or Doclea (Latin; ancient city nearby), Duklja (Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian; same ancient city and mediæval state) |
| Barcelona | Barcellona (Italian), Barcelona (Portuguese, Spanish, Catalan, Polish, Romanian, Slovene, Swedish), Barcelone (French), Barcino (Latin), Barna (Spanish abbreviation), Baršalūna (Arabic), Barselona (Armenian, Lithuanian, Latvian, Russian, Serbian, Turkish, Ukrainian), Varkelóni - Βαρκελώνη (Greek), Bårçulone (Walloon) |
| Basel | Bâle (French), Basilea (Catalan, Italian, Romansh, Spanish), Basileia (Portuguese), Basilej (Czech), Basle (variant in English), Bazel (Dutch, Serbian), Bázel (Hungarian), Bazel' (Russian, Ukrainian), Bazelis (Lithuanian), Bāzele (Latvian), Bāzil (Arabic), Bazilej (Slovak), Bazylea (Polish), Vasileía - Βασιλεία (Greek), Basel (Romanian, Swedish) |
| Bastia | Bastia (French), Bastìa (Corsican, Italian) |
| Bastogne | Bastogne (English, French, Romanian), Bastenaken (Dutch), Bastnach (German), Baaschtnech or Baastnech (Luxembourgish) |
| Bath | Aquae Sulis (Latin), Baðum / Baðan / Baðon (Anglo-Saxon), Caerfaddon (Welsh) |
| Bautzen | Budyšin (Upper Sorbian), Budyšín (Czech, Slovak), Budyšyn (Lower Sorbian), Budziszyn (Polish) |
| Będzin | Będzin (Polish), Bendin - Бендин (Russian), Bendin - בענדין (Yiddish), Bendzin (German) |
| Bela Crkva | Bela Crkva (Serbian), Biała Cerkiew (Polish), Bílá Cerevek (Czech), Biserica Alba (Romanian), Fehértemplom (Hungarian) |
| Belfast | Béal Feirste (Irish), Bilfawst (Ulster Scots), Belfastas (Lituanian), Belfāsta (Latvian), Belffast (Welsh), Belfastium (Latin), Belfast (French, Romanian, Spanish) |
| Belfort | Beffert (German), Befert (old German), Belfort (French) |
| Belgrade | Béalgrád (Irish), Bělehrad (Czech), Belehrad (Slovak), Belgrad (Armenian, Bulgarian, Catalan, Finnish, German, Polish, Romanian, Russian, Swedish, Turkish), Belgrád (Hungarian), Belgrada (Latvian), Belgradas (Lithuanian), Belgrade (French), Belgråde (Walloon), Belgrado (Dutch, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Beograd (Croatian, Danish, Slovene), Beograd - Београд (Serbian), Bilġrād (Arabic), Bjelhrad (Ukrainian), Nándorfehérvár (former Hungarian), Singidunum (Latin), Veligrádi - Βελιγράδι (Greek), Griechisch-Weißenburg (old German, rare) |
| Bellinzona | Bellinzona (Dutch, German, Italian, Polish, Romanian, Swedish), Bellinzone (French) |
| Berat | Berat / Berati (Albanian), Albánský Bělehrad (Czech) |
| Berdychiv | Berdychiv - Бердичів (Ukrainian), Berdichev - Бердичев (Russian), Barditshev - באַרדיטשעװ (Yiddish), Berdyczów (Polish), Berdicev (Romanian), |
| Bergen (Norway) | Bergen (Norwegian, Romanian, Swedish), Bergenas (Lithuanian), Bergena (Latvian), Björgvin (Icelandic) |
| Berlin | Barlīn (Arabic), Barliń (Lower Sorbian), Beirlín (Irish), Berlien (Limburgish), Berliin (Estonian), Berliini (Finnish), Berlijn (Dutch), Berlim (Portuguese), Berlín (Catalan, Czech, Icelandic, Slovak, Spanish), Berlin (Russian, Armenian, Croatian, Danish, German, Hungarian, Norwegian, Polish, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene, Swedish, Turkish, French, Walloon), Berlin - בערלין (Yiddish), Berlīne (Latvian), Berlino (Italian, Esperanto), Berlyn (Afrikaans, Frisian), Berlynas (Lithuanian), Berurin - ベルリン (Japanese), Verolíno - Βερολίνο (Greek) |
| Berne | Bern (Armenian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Swedish, Turkish, Ukrainian), Berna (Catalan, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Romansh, Spanish), Bernas (Lithuanian), Berne (French, Latvian), Berno (Polish), Vérni - Βέρνη (Greek) |
| Besançon | Besançon (French, Romanian), Bisanz (old German), Vesontio (Latin) |
| Białowieża | Biełavieža - Белавежа (Belarusian), Bělověž (Czech), Białowieża (Polish), Beloveža (Latvian) |
| Białystok | Białystok (Polish), Biełastok - Беласток (Belarusian), Balstogė (Lithuanian), Belostoka (Latvian), Belostok - Белосток (Russian), Bjalistoko (Esperanto), Byalistok - ביאַליסטאָק (Yiddish) |
| Biel/Bienne | Belenus (Latin), Biel (German), Bienne (French) |
| Biella | Biella (Italian), Bugella (Latin) |
| Bilbao | Bilbao (Catalan, Spanish, Romanian, Latvian), Bilbau (Portuguese), Bilbo (Basque), |
| Bil'shivtsi | Bil'shivtsi - Більшівці (Ukrainian), Bol'shovtsy - Болшовцы (Russian), Bolszowce (Polish), Bolshvets - באָלשװעץ (Yiddish), Bilişăuţi (Romanian) |
| Birmingham | Бирмингем (Russian, Serbian), Birmingemas (Lithuanian), Birmingema (Latvian) |
| Bishkek | Bichkek (French), Bischkek (German), Biškek (Finnish, Serbian, Slovene), Bişkek (Romanian, Turkish), Biškekas (Lithuanian), Biškeka (Latvian), Biszkek (Polish); Frunze (former name) |
| Bischofswerda | Bischofswerda (German), Biskupice (Polish) |
| Bistriţa | Beszterce (Hungarian), Bistrica (Serbian), Bistriţa (Romanian), Bistritz (German), Bystrzyca (Polish) |
| Bologna | Bologna (Italian, Romanian, Slovene, Swedish), Bologne (French), Boloňa (Czech), Bolonha (Portuguese), Bolonia (Polish, Spanish), Bolonija (Lithuanian), Boloņa (Latvian), Bolonja (Serbian), Bolonya (Catalan, Turkish) |
| Bouillon | Bouillon (French, Romanian), Bouyon (Walloon) |
| Bolzano | Bolzano (Italian), Bozen (Afrikaans, Dutch, German) |
| Bordeaux | Bordeaux (French, Romanian, Swedish), Bordèu (Gascon, Occitan, Provençal), Bordéus (Portuguese), Burdeus (Catalan), Bordo (Lithuanian, Latvian, Serbian), Bordozo (Esperanto), Burdeos (Spanish), Bordele (Basque), Burdigala (Latin) |
| Bonifacio | Bonifacio (French, Italian), Bunifaziu (Corsican) |
| Bonn | Bon (Serbian), Bona (Lithuanian, Portuguese), Bonna (Latvian), Bonna or Castrum Bonnense (Latin), Vónni - Βόννη (Greek) |
| Botoşani | Botoşani (Romanian), Botosány (Hungarian), Botoszany (Polish) |
| Braniewo | Braniewo (Polish), Braunsberg (German), Brus (Old Prussian) |
| Braşov | Braşov (Romanian), Brašov (Serbian), Brašovas (Lithuanian), Brassó (Hungarian), Braszów (Polish), Corona (Latin), Kronstadt (German), Stephanoúpoli - Στεφανούπολη (Greek) |
| Bratislava | Bratislava - Братислава (Bulgarian, Serbian), Bratislava (Czech, Catalan, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Lithuanian, Latvian, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish), Braťislava or Požoma (Romani), Bratyslava - Братислава (Ukrainian), Bratysława (Polish), Pozsony (Hungarian), Presbourg (French till 1919), Pressburg (obsolete German), Prešpurk (Czech till 1919), Prešporok (Slovak till 1919) [Note: The name was officially changed from Pressburg / Prešporok / Pozsony to Bratislava in 1919; for a list of older names see Bratislava |
| Bratslav | Bracław (Polish), Bracłaŭ - Брацлаў (Belarusian), Breslov (Yiddish) |
| Břeclav | Břeclav (Czech), Lundenburg (German), Brzecław (Polish) |
| Bremen | Bréma (Hungarian), Brema (Italian, Polish, Spanish), Brême (French), Bremen (Afrikaans, Croatian, Danish, Estonian, Frisian, German, Portuguese, Norwegian, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene, Swedish, Turkish), Brėmenas (Lithuanian), Brēmene (Latvian), Brémy (Czech, Slovak), Brimarborg (Icelandic), Vrémi - Βρέμη (Greek) |
| Bremerhaven | Bremerhaven (German, Romanian), Brémský Přístav (Czech) |
| Brest (Belarus) | Bieraście - Берасьце (traditional Belarusian name), Brasta (Lithuanian), Bresta(Latvian), Brest (Romanian), Brest-Litovsk (former English, former Romanian, former Russian), Brześć Litewski (Polish), Brześć nad Bugiem (Polish 1918-1939); Lietuvos Brasta (former Lithuanian); Brisk - בריסק (Yiddish) |
| Bristol | Briostó (Irish), Bristole (Latvian), Bryste (Welsh), Caerodor (Welsh (obsolete)) |
| Brno | Berno Morawskie (Polish), Brna (Romany), Brno (Czech, Latvian, Romanian, Serbian), Brnos (Romany), Brünn (German, Hungarian) |
| Brody | Brody (Polish, Russian, Ukrainian; spelled Броды in Russian and Броди in Ukrainian), Brod (Romanian), Brod - בראָד (Yiddish) |
| Bruges | Briž (Serbian), Бриж (Macedonian), Bruges (French, Portuguese, Romanian, Luxembourgish), Brugge (Afrikaans, Bahasa Indonesia, Dutch), Brügge (Finnish, German), Bruggia (old Italian), Bruggy (Slovak), Brugia (Polish), Brugy (Czech), Bruixes (Catalan), Brujas (Spanish, Mediæval Portuguese), وبروج (Arabic), Briugė (Lithuanian), Brige (Latvian), Brögke (Limburgish), Brygge (Swedish) |
| Brunswick | Braunschweig (German, Romanian, Slovene, variant in English), Braunšveiga (Latvian), Braunšvajg (Serbian), Brunšvik (Czech), Brunsvique (Portuguese), Brunswick (French, Italian, Spanish), Brunswijk (Dutch), Brunszwik (Polish) |
| Bruntál | Bruntal (Polish), Bruntál (Czech), Freudenthal (German) |
| Brussels | An Bhruiséil (Irish), Bréissel (Luxembourgish), Brisel (Serbian), Брисел (Macedonian), Brisele (Latvian), Brisl - בריסל (Yiddish), Briuselis (Lithuanian), Bruksel (Armenian), Brüksel (Turkish), Bruksela (Polish), Brūksil (Arabic), Brusel (Czech, Slovak), Bruselj (Slovene), Brusela (Basque), Bruselas (Spanish), Brussel·les (Catalan), Brussel (Afrikaans, Bahasa Indonesia, Dutch, Norwegian), Brüssel (German), Brusselle (former Italian), Brüsszel (Hungarian), Bruxelas (Portuguese), Bruxelles (Danish, French, Italian, Romanian), Bryssel (Danish, Finnish, Swedish), Bryuksel (Bulgarian), Bryussel (Russian, Ukrainian), Vryxélles - Βρυξέλλες (Greek), Brussele (Walloon), Brössel (Limburgish), Brwsel (Welsh) |
| Brzesko | Brzesko (Polish), Brigl - בריגל (Yiddish) |
| Buchach | Buchach - Бучач (Ukrainian), Buczacz (Polish, Romanian), Betshotsh - בעטשאָטש (Yiddish) |
| Bucharest | Boekarest (Akriaans, Dutch), Búcairist (Irish), Bucarest (Catalan, French, Italian, Spanish), Bucareste (Portuguese), Bucureşti (Romanian), Bukarest (Danish, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Swedish), Bukareštas (Lithuanian), Bukareste (Latvian), Bukareszt (Polish), Bukharest (Russian, Ukrainian), Bükreş (Turkish), Bukurešt (Bulgarian, Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian), Bukarešta (Slovene), Bukureshta (Romany), Bukurešť (Czech, Slovak), Būqārist (Arabic), Voukourésti - Βουκουρέστι (Greek), Boekares (Limburgish), Bwcarest (Welsh) |
| Buda (now part of Budapest) | Buda (Italian, Hungarian, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovene, Lithuanian, Latvian), Budín (Czech), Budin (Turkish), Ofen (German) |
| Budapest | Boedapest (Afrikaans, Dutch), Būdābist (Arabic), Búdaipeist (Irish), Budapest (Catalan, Italian, German, Hungarian, Spanish, Swedish), Budapesht (Armenian), Budapešt (Russian, Ukrainian), Budapešť (Czech, Slovak), Budapešta (Latvian, Bulgarian), Budapesta (Romanian), Budapeštas (Lithuanian), Budapeste (Portuguese), Budapeşte (Turkish), Budapeszt (Polish), Budimpešta (Croatian, Macedonian, Slovene, Serbian), Voudapésti - Βουδαπέστη (Greek), Ofenpest (former German), Boedapes (Limburgish), Bwdapest (Welsh), Peshta (Romany) |
| Buje | Buie d'Istria (Italian), Buje (Croatian, Slovene) |
| Burg Stargard | Burg Stargard (German), Stargard Meklemburski (Polish) |
| Bursa | Brousse (former French), Bursa (Turkish), Prusa (Latin), Proúsa - Προύσα (Greek) |
| Butrint | Butrint / Butrinti (Albanian), Butrinto (Italian) |
| Buzet | Buzet (Croatian, Slovene), Pinguente (Italian) |
| Bydgoszcz | Bidgošča (Lithuanian), Bidgošć (Serbian), Bromberg (German), Bydgostia (Latin), Bydgoszcz (Polish) |
| Bytom | Beuthen (German), Bytom (Polish) |
| Bytów | Betowo (Kashubian/Pomeranian), Bütow (German), Bytów (Polish) |
C
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Cádiz | Cadice (Italian), Cádis (Portuguese), Cadis (Catalan) Cadix (French), Cádiz (Spanish), Cadiz (Romanian), Gades (Latin), Gadeira (Ancient Greek), Gadir (Phoenician), Kadyks (Polish), Kadiz (Serbian), al-Qādis (Arabic) |
| Cagliari | Cagliari (Italian), Càller (Spanish, Catalan), Casteddu (Sardinian), Kaljari (Serbian) |
| Calais (France) | Kales (Dutch), Kalē (Latvian) |
| Cambrai | Kamerijk (Dutch), Kameriek (Limburgish) |
| Cambridge (England) | Caergrawnt (Welsh), Cantabrigia (Latin), Cantabrígia (Portuguese), Kembridž (Serbian), Kembridžas (Lithuanian), Kembridža (Latvian), Kembriĝo (Esperanto), Kemburijji - ケンブリッジ (Japanese) |
| Câmpulung Moldovenesc | Câmpulung Moldovenesc (Romanian), Moldvahosszúmező (Hungarian) |
| Canterbury | Caer-Cant (Saxon), Caergaint (Welsh), Cantorbéry (French), Cantuaria (Latin), Cantuária (Portuguese), Kantaraborg (Icelandic), Kenterberija (Latvian), Kantelberg (Dutch) |
| Carcassonne | Carcassona (Catalan, Italian, Occitan), Carcassonne (French), (Julia) Carcaso (Latin) |
| Cardiff | Caerdydd (Welsh, Irish), Kardif (Serbian), Kārdifa (Latvian), Ovicubium (Vulgar Latin) |
| Carlisle | Caerliwelydd (Welsh) |
| Carlsbad | Karlovi Vari (Bulgarian, Croatian, Serbian), Karlovy Vary (Czech), Karlsbad (German, Swedish), Karlsbāde (Latvian),Karlowe Wary (Polish) |
| Cartagena | Cartagena (Catalan, Spanish, Portuguese), Cartagina (Romanian), Carthagène (French), Carthago Nova (Latin), Kartagina (Polish, Serbian), al-Qartājanna (Arabic) |
| Castelsardo | Castelsardo (Italian), Casteddu (Sardinian, Corsican), Castelgenovese (former Italian), Castillo Aragones (former Spanish), Castel Aragones (former Catalan) |
| Celje | Celeia (Latin), Celje (Slovene, Serbian), Celle (German), Cille (Hungarian), Cilli (older English (1911 EB), older German), Kelea (Celtic) |
| České Budějovice | Budweis (German, former English), Czeskie Budziejowice (Polish), České Budějovice (Czech, Slovak) |
| Český Těšín | Český Těšín (Czech), Czeski Cieszyn (Polish) |
| Cetinje | Cettigne (Italian), Cetinje (Serbian) |
| Chania | La Canée (French), Khaniá - Χανιά (Greek), La Canea (Catalan, Italian, Spanish) |
| Charleroi | Charleroi (French, Romanian), Châlerwè / Tchålerwè (Walloon), Šarlruā (Latvian) |
| Cheb | Cheb (Czech), Eger (German) |
| Chełmno | Chełmno (Polish), Culm (variant in German), Kulm (German) |
| Chemnitz | Chemnitz (German, Romanian), Kamienica Saska (Polish, traditional, not used anymore), Kamjenica (Sorbian), Saská Kamenice (Czech); Karl-Marx-Stadt (German 1953-1990) |
| Chernivtsi | Cernăuţi (Romanian), Cernovicy (German, alternate transliteration from the Ukrainian Cyrillic), Cernowitz (Yiddish, alternate form), Čérnivci (Ukrainian, 2nd most common Roman transliteration), Černivcy (Ukrainian, alternate transliteration), Černovce (Russian, alternate transliteration), Černovcy (Russian, alternate transliteration), Černovice (Czech/Slovak), Chernivci (Ukrainian, alternate transliteration), Chernivcy (Ukrainian, alternate transliteration), Chernivtcy (Ukrainian, alternate transliteration), Chernivtsi - Чернівці (Ukrainian, commonest English transliteration), Chernovcy (Russian, alternate transliteration), Chernovicy (Yiddish, alternate Roman transliteration of the Russian Cyrillic form), Chernovits (Yiddish, alternate transliteration), Chernovitse (Yiddish, rare transliteration into Roman script of the Ukrainian Cyrillic transliteration), Chernovitsy (Ukrainian, Yiddish, rare alternate transliteration), Chernovitz (Yiddish, alternate form), Chernovtsy - Черновцы (Russian), Chernowitz (Yiddish, alternate transliteration), Csernivci (Hungarian, alternate transliteration from the current Ukrainian Cyrillic name), Csernovic (Hungarian), Csernyivci (Hungarian, transliteration from the current Ukrainian Cyrillic name), Czernovicensia (Latin, ecclesiastical), Czerniowce (Polish), Czernovitz (Yiddish, alternate transliteration), Czernowitz (German), Tchernowcy (Yiddish, transliteration from the Russian Cyrillic form), Tjernivtsi (Norwegian, Swedish, transliterated from the Ukrainian Cyrillic original), Tscherniwzi (German, transliteration from the Ukrainian Cyrillic, from German version of 'Yurij Fedkovytsch Czernowitzer Nationaler Universität', i.e. 'Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University' website, 2005), Tschernovits (Yiddish, alternate trasliteration), Tschernowitz (German, archaic, non-standard form), Tshernevits (Yiddish, alternate transliteration), Tshernovits - טשערנאָוויץ (Yiddish, current standard transliteration) |
| Chernyakhovsk | Chernyakhovsk (Russian), Insterburg (German), Įsrutis (Lithuanian), Wystruć (Polish), Cernihovsk (Romanian) |
| Chester | Caerllion-ar-Dyfrdwy usually abbreviated to Caer (Welsh), Castra Devana or Deva (Latin) |
| Chişinău | Chisinau (Catalan, Portuguese), Chişinău (Romanian), Keshenev - קעשענעװ (Yiddish), Kischinew (German), Kishinev (former English), Kishinjov - Кишинёв (Russian), Kīšīnāw (Arabic), Kišineu (Bulgarian), Kišiněv (Czech), Kišiņeva (Latvian), Kišiniovas (Lithuanian), Kišinjev (Serbian), Kišiňov (Slovak), Kisinyov (Hungarian), Kisjenő (older Hungarian), Kiszyniów (Polish), Kyšyniv (Ukrainian), Kişinev (Turkish) |
| Chorzów | Chorzów (Polish), Królewska Huta (Polish, until 1934), Králova Huť (Czech), Königshütte (German) |
| Cieszyn | Cieszyn (Polish), Teschen (German), Těšín (Czech), Tešín (Slovak) |
| Clermont-Ferrand | Augustonemetum (Latin), Clarmont (Occitan, Provençal), Clermonte (Spanish) |
| Cleves | Cléveris (Spanish), Clèves (French), Kleef (Dutch), Kleve (German) |
| Cluj | Claudiopolis (Ecclesiastical Latin), Napoca (Classical Latin), Cluj-Napoca (Romanian, formal), Cluj (Romanian, informal), Klausenburg (German), Kluž (Czech, Slovak), Kluż (Polish), Kolozsvár (Hungarian) |
| Coblenz | Coblença (Portuguese), Coblence (French), Coblenza (Italian, Spanish), Confluentes (Latin), Koblencja (Polish), Koblenz (German, Romanian, Slovene), Kueblenz (Luxembourgish) |
| Coburg | Cobourg (French), Coburg (German), Coburgo (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish) |
| Coimbra | Coimbra (Catalan, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish), Coimbre (French), Conimbriga (Latin), Qulumriya (Arabic) |
| Cologne | Cologne (French), Colonia (Italian, Spanish), Colónia (Portuguese), Colònia (Catalan), Colonia Agrippina (Latin), Keln - Келн (Serbian), Keln - קעלן (Yiddish), Kelnas (Lithianian), Keulen (Dutch), Kjol'n (Russian, Ukrainian), Kolín nad Rýnem (Czech), Kolín nad Rýnom (Slovak), Kölle (Kölsch [local dialect], Limburgish), Köln (Estonian, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Icelandic, Romanian, Swedish, Turkish), Kolonía - Κολωνία (Greek), Kolonia (Polish), Ķelne (Latvian) |
| Comăneşti | Comăneşti (Romanian), Kománfalva (Hungarian) |
| Constanţa | Constanţa (Romanian), Küstendji (former Turkish), Konstanca (Hungarian, Polish) Constança (Brazilian Portuguese) |
| Copenhagen | Cóbanhávan (Irish), Copenaghen (Italian), Copenhaga (Portuguese, Romanian), Copenhague (Brazilian Portuguese, Catalan, French, Spanish), Hafnia (Latin), Kaupmannahöfn (Icelandic), Kobenhaven (Slovene), København (Danish, Norwegian), Kūbinhāġin (Arabic), Kodaň (Czech, Slovak), Kööpenhamina (Finnish), Kopengagen (Russian), Kopenhaagen (Estonian), Kopenhag (Turkish), Kopenhaga (Lithuanian, Polish), Kopenhagen - Копенхаген (Bulgarian, Serbian), Kopenhagen (Croatian, Dutch, German), Kopenhāgena (Latvian), Kopenhago (Esperanto), Köpenhamn (Swedish), Kopenkháyi - Κοπεγχάγη (Greek), Koppenhága (Hungarian) |
| Córdoba | Córdoba (Spanish), Cordoba (Romanian), Corduba (Latin), Cordoue (French), Còrdova (Catalan), Cordova (Italian, former Romanian), Córdova (Portuguese), Kordoba (Polish, Slovene), Kordova (Latvian), Qurtubah (Arabic) |
| Corfu | Corcira / Corfu (Portuguese, Romanian), Corcyra (Latin), Corfou (French), Corfù (Italian), Corfú (Catalan, Spanish), Kérkira - Κέρκυρα (Greek), Korfoe / Corfu (Dutch), Korfu (Finnish, German, Hungarian, Polish, Slovak, Swedish), Krf (Croatian, Slovene), Krf - Крф (Macedonian, Serbian) |
| Corinth | Corint (Catalan, Romanian), Corinthe (French), Corinto (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Korint (Croatian, Czech, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene), Kórinta (Icelandic), Korinta (Latvian), Korintas (Lithuanian), Korinth (German, Swedish), Korinthe (Dutch), Kórinthos - Κόρινθος (Greek), Korintti (Finnish), Korynt (Polish) |
| Cork | Corc (Welsh), Corcaigh (Irish), Korka (Latvian) |
| Corte | Corte (French, Italian), Corti (Corsican) |
| Corunna | La Corogne (French), A Coruña (Galician), La Coruña (Spanish), Corunha (Portuguese), La Corunya (Catalan, Serbian), Lakoruņa (Latvian) |
| Cottbus | Chociebuż (Polish), Chóśebuz (Sorbian), Chotěbuz (Czech) |
| Crécy | Crécy-en-Ponthieu (French), Kresčak (Czech) |
D
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Daugavpils | Daugavpils (Estonian, Latvian), Dźvinsk - Дзьвінск (Belarusian), Daugpilis (Lithuanian), Denenburg - דענענבורג (Yiddish), Dünaburg (former Estonian, German), Двинcк / Dvinsk (Russian), Dyneburg (Polish), Dźwińsk (former Polish variant) |
| Dârmâneşti | Dârmâneşti (Romanian), Dormánfalva (Hungarian) |
| Debrecen | Debrecen (Hungarian), Debrecín (Czech, Serbian), Debreţin (Romanian), Debreczin (German), Debreczyn (Polish) |
| Den Bosch | Bois-le-Duc (French), Bolduque (Spanish), Boscoducale (former Italian), Den Bos (Frisian), Den Bosch / 's-Hertogenbosch (Dutch), Oeteldonk (colloquial Dutch, during Carnaval) Herzogenbusch (German), De Bos(j) (Limburgish) |
| Dijon | Digione (Italian), Dijon (French, Romanian), Diviodunum (Latin), Dižona (Latvian) |
| Dillingen | Dilinga (Spanish), Dillingen (German) |
| Domažlice | Domažlice (Czech), Taus (German) |
| Donetsk | Doneţk (Romanian), Donetsk (Russian), Donetskas (Lithuanian), Doņecka (Latvian), Donezk (German), Donieck (Polish), Donjeck (Serbian); Stalino (former name), Yuzovka (former name) |
| Dover | Douvres (French), Doveris (Lithuanian), Duvra (Latvian), Dover (Romanian) |
| Drachhausen | Drachhausen (German), Hochoza (Lower Sorbian) |
| Dresden | Dresden (Portuguese, German, Swedish), Drážďany (Czech, Slovak), Dresda (Italian, variant in Portuguese, Romanian), Dresde (French, Spanish), Drésdi - Δρέσδη (Greek), Drezda (Hungarian), Drezden (Serbian), Drezdenas (Lithuanian), Drezdene (Latvian), Drezno (Polish), Drježdźany (Lower Sorbian) |
| Drohiczyn | Drohiczyn (Polish), Darahičyn - Дарагічын (Belarusian), Drohičinas (Lithuanian) |
| Drohobycz | Drobitsh - דראָביטש (Yiddish), Drogobych (Russian), Дрогобич/Drohobych (Ukrainian), Drohobycz (German, Polish) |
| Dublin | Baile Átha Cliath (Irish), Dubh Linn (archaic Irish variant), Dablin (Arabic, Serbian), Dhuvlíno - Δουβλίνο (Greek), Dublim (Portuguese), Dublin (Brazilian Portuguese, Romanian, Swedish), Dublín (Catalan, Spanish), Dublina (Latvian), Dublinas (Lithuanian), Dublino (Italian), Dulenn (Breton), Dulyn (Welsh), Dyflinni (Icelandic) |
| Dubrovnik | Dubrovnic (Romanian), Dubrovnik (Brazilian Portuguese, Croatian, Serbian, Swedish), Dubrovnikas (Lithuanian), Ragusa (Italian, former Romanian), Raguse (old French), Dubrownik (Polish), Ragúsa - Ραγούσα, along with the official name (Greek) |
| Dunkirk | Dhunkérki - Δουνκέρκη (Greek), Duinkerken (Dutch), Dunkerque (French, Romanian), Dunkierka (Polish), Dünkirchen (German), Dunquerque (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Duunkèrke (Limburgish) |
| Durrës | Dhirrákhio - Δυρράχιο (Greek), Drač (Croatian, Czech, Serbian), Durazzo (Italian), Durrës (Albanian), Durŭs - Дуръс, historically Drach Драч (Bulgarian), Dyrrhachium (Latin) |
| Dushanbe | Doesjanbe (Dutch), Douchanbé (French), Dušanbe (Finnish, Latvian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Tajik), Dušanbė (Lithuanian, Serbian), Duşanbe (Romanian, Turkish), Dūšānbī (Arabic), Duschanbe (German), Dusjanbe (Swedish), Duszanbe (Polish); Hissar (former name); Stalinabad (former name) |
| Düsseldorf | Diuseldorfas (Lithuanian), Dizeldorf - Дизелдорф (Serbian), Dīzeldorfa (Latvian), Düsseldorf (Brazilian Portuguese, Estonian, German, Romanian, Swedish), Dusseldórfia (Portuguese), Dusseldorp (Dutch), Dusseldörp (Limburgish) |
E
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Edinburgh | Caeredin (Welsh), Dún Éideann (Irish), Dùn Èideann (Scots Gaelic), Edinburrie (Scots), Edhimvúrgho - Εδιμβούργο (Greek), Edinborg (Icelandic), Edimbourg (French), Edimburgo (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Edinburg (Catalan, German [rare], Serbian, Romanian), Edinburga (Latvian), Edinburgas (Lithuanian), Edinburk (Czech), Edynburg (Polish) |
| Edirne | Adhrianúpoli - Αδριανούπολη (Greek), Adrianopel (German), Adrianopla (Portuguese), Adrianople (former English), Adrianopol (Polish, Romanian, Slovak), Adrianopole (Romanian), Adrianopoli (Italian, Finnish), Adrianopolis (Czech, Dutch), Adrianópolis (Spanish), Drinápoly (Hungarian), Drinopol (variant in Czech and Slovak), Hadrianople (variant in English), Hadrianopolis (Latin), Jedrine (Serbian), Odrin (Bulgarian), Uskudama (Thracian) |
| Eger | Eger (Hungarian), Eğri (Turkish), Erlau (German), Jager (Czech), Jáger (Slovak), Jagier (former Polish) |
| Eisenhüttenstadt | Eisenhüttenstadt (German), Żelazowa Huta (Polish), Stalinstadt (former German) |
| Elbląg | Elbiąg (local Polish dialect), Elbląg (Polish), Elbing (German), Ilfing or Truso (Old Prussian) |
| Ełk | Ełk (Polish), Lyck (German) |
| Elsinore | Elseneur (French), Elsinor (Spanish, Romanian), Elsinore (Italian), Helsingør (Danish), Helsingör (Finnish, German, Swedish) |
| Emmerich | Emmerich (German), Emmerik (Dutch) |
| Erlangen | Erlangen (German), Erlanky (Czech) |
| Espoo | Espoo (Estonian, Finnish), Esbo (Swedish) |
| Esztergom | Esztergom (Hungarian), Eštergon (Serbian), Gran (German), Ostřihom (Czech), Ostrihom (Slovak), Ostrzyhom (Polish), Estergon (Turkish), Strigoniu (Romanian) |
| Eupatoria | Eupatoria (English, Polish, Romanian), Еvpatoriia - Євпаторія (Ukrainian), Kezlev (Tatar), Yevpatoriya - Евпатория (Russian) |
| Eupen | Eupen (German, French, Dutch), Néau (French, archaïc), Neyow (Walloon), Naowe / Naouwe (Walloon, medieval spellings) |
F
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Flensburg | Flensborch (Low Saxon), Flensborg (Danish), Flensburg (German, Romanian, Swedish) |
| Florence | Firenca (Croatian, Serbian), Firence (Slovene), Firenze (Estonian, Finnish, Hungarian, Italian), Flórans (Irish), Floransa (Turkish), Florença (Portuguese), Florència (Catalan), Florencia (Slovak, Spanish), Florencie (Czech), Florencija (Lithuanian), Florencja (Polish), Florens (Swedish), Florenţa (Romanian), Florenz (German), Florence (French, Latvian), Florance (Walloon), Florentía - Φλωρεντία (Greek) |
| Flushing | Flesinga (Spanish), Flessinga (Italian), Flessingue (French), Vlissingen (Dutch) |
| Fort Augustus | Cille Chumein (Scots Gaelic) |
| Frankfurt am Main | Francfort (Catalan), Fráncfort del Meno (Spanish), Francfort-sur-le-Main (French), Francoforte sobre o Meno (Portuguese), Francoforte sul Meno (Italian), Frankfort aan de Main (Dutch, Limburgish), Frankfurt am Main (German), Frankfurt na Majni (Serbian, Slovene), Frankfurt nad Menem (Polish), Frankfurt nad Mohanem (Czech), Frankfurt nad Mohanom (Slovak), Frankfurt pe Main (Romanian), Frankfurte pie Mainas (Latvian), Frankfurtas prie Maino (Lithuanian), Frankfúrti - Φρανκφούρτη (Greek), Majnafrankfurt (former Hungarian) |
| Frankfurt an der Oder | Fráncfort del Oder (Spanish), Francfort-sur-l'Oder (French), Francoforte sobre o Óder (Portuguese), Francoforte sull'Oder (Italian), Frankfurt an der Oder (German), Frankfurtas prie Oderio (Lithuanian), Frankfurt nad Odrą (Polish), Frankfurt nad Odrou (Slovak, Czech), Frankfurt na Odri (Serbian, Slovene), Frankfurt pe Oder (Romanian), Frankfurte pie Oderas (Latvian), Oderafrankfurt (older Hungarian) |
| Freiburg | Frajburg (Serbian), Freiburg im Breisgau (German), Freiburga (Latvian), Fribourg-en-Brisgovie (French), Friburgo di Brisgovia (Italian), Fryburg (Polish) |
| Freising | Brižinje/Brižine (Slovene), Freising (German), Frisinga (Italian, Spanish), Frisingue (French) |
| Fribourg | Freiburg im Üechtland (German), Fribourg (French), Friburg (Catalan, Romansh), Friburgo (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Fryburg (Polish) |
| Frombork | Frauenburg (German), Frombork (Polish) |
G
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Gallipoli | Galipolis (Lithuanian), Galipolje (Croatian, Serbian), Gallipoli (Italian, Romanian), Gelibolu (Turkish), Kalípolis - Καλλίπολις (Greek) |
| Galway | Gaillimh (Irish), Galvia (Latin) |
| Gdańsk | Dancka (older Hungarian), Danţig (older Romanian), Dants - דאַנץ (Yiddish), Dantsic (older English), Dantzig (Afrikaans, former Dutch), Danzica (Italian), Danzig (German), Gdaňsk (Czech), Gdańsk (Polish), Gdansk (Romanian), Gdanjsk (Serbian), Gdaņska (Latvian), Gdanskas (Lithuanian), Gduńsk (Kashubian), Gedania (Latin) |
| Gdynia | Gdiņa (Latvian), Gdingen (former Dutch, German), Gdiniô (Kashubian/Pomeranian), Gdyně (Czech), Gdynė (Lithuanian), Gdynia (Polish, Romanian), Gotenhafen (German 1939-1945) |
| Geneva | Cenevre (Turkish), Djeneve (Walloon), Genebra (Portuguese), Geneva (Romanian), Geneve / Genève (Afrikaans, Armenian, Dutch, Swedish), Geneve (Finnish), Genève (French), Genevra (Romansh), Genewa (Polish), Genf (Estonian, German, Hungarian), An Ghinéiv (Irish), Ginebra (Catalan, Spanish), Ginevra (Italian), Jenewa (Bahasa Indonesia), Jinīf (Arabic), Yenévi - Γενεύη (Greek), Ženeva (Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Lithuanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Ukrainian), Ženēva (Latvian), Zjenaef (Limburgish) |
| Genoa | Cenova (Turkish), Đenova (Serbian), Dženova (Latvian), Gênes (French), Gènova (Catalan), Genova (Finnish, Hungarian, Italian, Romanian, Slovene), Génova / Gênova (Portuguese), Génova (Spanish), Genua (Dutch, German, Latin, Polish, Swedish), Genuja (Lithuanian), Janov (Czech, Slovak), Yénova - Γένοβα (Greek), Zena (Genoese) |
| Ghent | Gand (French, Portuguese, Romanian), Gandawa (Polish), Gante (Spanish), Gaunt (older English), Gent (Afrikaans, Bahasa Indonesia, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, German, Swedish), Ģente (Latvian), Guanto (old Italian) |
| Gibraltar | Cebelitarık (Turkish), Gibilterra (Italian), Gibraltar (Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish), Gibraltaras (Lithuanian), Gibraltārs (Latvian), Jabal-Tarīq (Arabic) |
| Girona | Gerona (Romanian, Spanish), Gérone (French), Girona (Catalan, Portuguese) |
| Gjirokastër | Argirocastro (Italian), Aryirókastro - Αργυρόκαστρο (Greek), Gjirokastër / Gjirokastra (Albanian), Ergiri (Turkish) |
| Glarus | Glaris (French), Glarona (Italian), Glaruna (Romansh), Glarus (German) |
| Glastonbury | Glaistimbir / Glaistimbir na nGael / Gloineistir (Irish) |
| Glasgow | Glaschú (Irish), Glaschù (Scots Gaelic), Glāzgova (Latvian) |
| Gliwice | Gleiwitz (German), Gliwice (Polish) |
| Gloucester | Glevum (Latin) Caerloyw (Welsh) |
| Głogów | Glogau (German), Glogov (Serbian), Glogova (Lithuanian), Glogovia (Latin), Głogów (Polish), Hlohov (Czech) |
| Gmünd | Cmunt (Czech), Gmünd (German) |
| Gorizia | Gorica (Slovene, Serbian), Gorizia (Italian), Görz (German), Gurize (Friulian) |
| Görlitz | Görlitz (Afrikaans, Dutch, German, Romanian), Zgorzelec (Polish), Zhořelec (Czech), Zhorjelc (Upper Sorbian) |
| Gothenburg | Gautaborg (Icelandic), Gēteborga (Latvian), Gioteburgas (Lithuanian), Göteborg (Estonian, Finnish, German, Polish, Romanian, Swedish), Gøteborg (Norwegian), Göteburg (Turkish), Gotemburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Gotenburg (Afrikaans, Dutch, former German, former Polish) |
| Göttingen | Getynga (Polish), Getynky (Czech), Gœttingue (French), Gotinga (Spanish, Portuguese), Gottinga (Italian), Göttinga (medieval Hungarian) |
| Gramzow | Gramzow (German), Grębowo (Polish) |
| Granada | al-Ġarnāda (Arabic), Granada (Catalan, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Spanish), Grenade (French) |
| Graz | Grác (Hungarian, Serbian), Grāca (Latvian), Gradec (Slovene), Graz (German, Romanian), Grodziec (Polish), Štýrský Hradec (Czech) |
| Greifswald | Greifswald (Afrikaans, Dutch, French, German), Gryfia (Polish) |
| Grenoble | Grasanòbol (Occitan), Grenoble (French, Italian) |
| Groningen | Greuninge (Limburgish), Grins (Frisian), Groninga (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Groningen (Afrikaans, Dutch, German, Romanian), Groningue (French), Grönnen / Grunnen / Grunn'n (Gronings), Groot Loug or Stad (local nicknames) |
| Grozny | Djovkhar Ghaala (Chechen), Džochargala (alternative Lithuanian name), Groznas (Lithuanian), Groznîi (Romanian), Groznija (Latvian), Groznyj - Грозный (Russian) |
| Grudziądz | Graudenz (German), Grudziądz (Polish) |
| Günzburg | Günzburg (German), Gunzburgo (Spanish) |
| Gusev | Gąbin (Polish), Gumbinė (Lithuanian), Gumbinnen (German), Gusev - Гусев (Russian) |
| Győr | Ghior (Romanian), Győr (Hungarian), Raab (German), Ráb (Czech) |
H
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Haderslev | Hadersleben (German), Haderslev (Danish) |
| Hamburg | Amburgo (Italian), Amvúrgho - Αμβούργο (Greek), Gamburg - Гамбург (Russian), Hamborg (Danish), Hambourg (French), Hamburch (Frisian, Low Saxon), Hambūrġ (Arabic), Hamburg (Afrikaans, Catalan, Croatian, Danish, Estonian, German, Hungarian, Polish, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene, Swedish, Turkish), Hamburga (Latvian), Hamburgas (Lithuanian), Hamburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Hamburk (Czech), Hampuri (Finnish) |
| Hämeenlinna | Hämeenlinna (Estonian, Finnish), Tavastehus (Swedish) |
| Hamelin | Hamelen (Dutch), Hamelin (French, Italian, Portuguese), Hamelín (Spanish), Hameln (German) |
| Hanau | Hanau (German), Hanava (Czech) |
| Hanover | Anóvero - Αννόβερο (Greek), Ganover - Гановер (Russian), Hannover (Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, German, Italian, Swedish), Hanôver (Portuguese), Hanóver (Spanish), Hanovera (Latvian), Hanoveris (Lithuanian), Hanovra (Romanian), Hanovre (French), Hanower (Polish), Hanôve (Walloon) |
| Hasselt | Hasselt (Dutch, French, Limburgish), Hasse / Hasque / Hassèl (Walloon), |
| Heerlen | Heerlen (Dutch), Coriovallum (Latin), Heële (local Limburgish) |
| Heligoland | Helgoland (German, Polish, Romanian), Heligolândia (Portuguese), Dät Luun (North Frisian) |
| Helsinki | Elsínki - Ελσίνκι (Greek), Helsingfors (Danish, Norwegian, Swedish), Helsingforsia (former Latin name), Helsingi (Estonian), Helsingia (Latin), Hel'sinki (Russian, Ukrainian), Helsinki (Finnish, German, Italian, Latvian, Polish, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene, Turkish), Helsinkis (Lithuanian), Helsinky (Czech), Helsinque (Brazilian Portuguese), Helsínquia (Portuguese), Chielsynki - Хельсынкі (Belarusian) Helsset (North Sami), Helzinki - Хелзинки (Bulgarian), Hilsīnkī (Arabic), Stadi and Hesa (Slangi) |
| Heraklion | Càndia (Catalan), Candia (Italian, Spanish), Cândia/Heráclion (Portuguese), Candie (old French), Héraklion (French), Iraklio - Ηράκλειο (Greek), Iraklion (Polish, Serbian, Romanian), Kandiye (Turkish) |
| 's Hertogenbosch | 's Hertogenbosch (Dutch), Bois-le-Duc (French), Boscoducale (Italian), De Bos(j) (Limburgish) |
| Homyel' | Homiel = Гомель (Belarusian), Gomel' (Russian), Homl - האָמל (Yiddish), Homel (Polish) |
| Hoyerswerda | Hoyerswerda (German), Wojerecy (Sorbian) |
| Hrodna | Harodnia - Гародня (original Belarusian), Gardinas (Lithuanian), Grodņa (Latvian), Grodno (Polish, Russian), Grodne - גראָדנע (Yiddish), Гродно/Hrodno (Ukrainian) |
| Hum | Hum (Croatian, Serbian), Colmo (Italian) |
| Huy | Huy (French), Hoei (Dutch), Hu (Walloon) |
I
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Iaşi | Iaşi (Romanian), Iasó - Ιασώ (Greek), Iassy (former French), Jászvásár (old Hungarian), Jassy (German, Polish, former English), Yaş (Turkish) |
| Iglesias | Iglesias (Italian, Spanish), Igresias (Sardinian), Villa di Chiesa (former Italian), Is Cresias (former Sardinian), Esglesies or Iglesies (Catalan) |
| Iraklion | See Heraklion |
| Innsbruck | Innsbruck (German), Inomost (Old Slovene), Inomostí / Inšpruk (Czech), Insbruka (Latvian), Insbrukas (Lithuanian), Insbruque (Portuguese), Inzbruk (Serbian) |
| Ioannina | Giannina (Italian), Ianina (Aromanian, Romanian), Ioannina (Finnish), Ioánnina - Ιωάννινα (Greek), Janinë / Janina (Albanian), Yánena - Γιάννενα/Yánina - Γιάννινα (Greek variants), Yanya (Turkish) |
| İskenderun | Aleksandretta (Polish), Alessandretta (Italian), Alexandreta (Portuguese), Alexandretta (variant in English, German), Alexandrétta - Αλεξανδρέττα (Greek), Alexandrette (variant in French, German), Iskandarūn - إسكندرون (Arabic), (al-)Iskandariya (former Arabic), İskenderiye (Turkish until 1939), İskenderun (Dutch, German, Turkish), Scanderoon (former variant in English) |
| Istanbul | Bolis (Armenian), Estambul (Spanish), Istambul (Croatian, Italian, Portuguese), Istanboel (Dutch), Istanbūl (Arabic), Istanbuł / Stambuł (Polish), Istanbul (French, Romanian, Serbian, Slovenian), İstanbul (Turkish), Isztambul (Hungarian), Κωνσταντινούπολις / Konstantinúpolis Η Πόλη/I Poli (i.e. The City) (Greek), Mikligarður (Icelandic), Stamboll (Albanian), Stambul (Russian, Ukrainian), Stambula (Latvian), Stambulas (Lithuanian)
|
| Ivano-Frankivsk | Івано-Франківськ/Ivano-Frankivs'k (Ukrainian), Ivano-Frankivsk (English), Ивано-Франковск/Ivano-Frankovsk (Russian), Ivano-Frankovskas (Lithuanian), Iwano-Frankiwsk (German), Stanislau (former German), Станиславов/Stanislavov (former Russian), Stanislavovas (former Lithuanian), סטאַניסלעװ/Stanislev (Yiddish), Stanisławów (former Polish), Станиславів/Stanyslaviv (former Ukrainian) |
| Izmir | Esmirna (Catalan, Portuguese, Spanish), İzmir (Armenian, Serbian, Turkish), Izmira (Latvian), Smirna (former Serbian, former Romanian), Smirne (Italian), Σμύρνη / Smýrni (Greek), Smyrna (variant in English) |
J
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Jablonec nad Nisou | Gablonz (German), Jablonec nad Nysą (Polish) |
| Jakobstad | Jakobstad (Swedish), Pietarsaari (Estonian, Finnish) |
| Jarosław | Jaroslau (German), Jarosław (Polish), Yareslev - יאַרעסלעװ (Yiddish), Yaroslav (Russian) |
| Jena | Iéna (French), Iena (Romanian), Jena (German) |
| Jerusalem | Gerusalemme (Italian), Hierusalem (Latin), Ierusalim (Romanian), Ierusalím - Ιερουσαλήμ or Ierosólima - Ιεροσόλημα (Greek), Ierusalim - Иерусалим (Russian), Jerozolima (Polish), Jerusalem (Danish, Finnish, German, Norwegian, Spanish, Swedish), Jerusalém (Portuguese), Jeruusalemm (Estonian), Jeruzalem (Croatian, Dutch, Polish, Slovak, Slovene), Jeruzalém (Czech), Jeruzalė (Lithuanian), Jeruzāleme (Latvian), Jeruzsálem (Hungarian), Jérusalem (French), Yerusaghem (Armenian), Yərušaláyim - יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (Hebrew), Yərûšəlem - יְרוּשְׁלֶם (Aramaic), al-Quds - القُدس (Arabic), Єрусалим (Ukrainian), Kudüs (Turkish) |
| Jihlava | Iglau (German), Jihlava (Czech) |
| Jurbarkas | Jurbarkas (Lithuanian), Georgenburg (German), Yurburg (Yiddish) |
K
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Kajaani | Kajaani (Finnish), Kajana (Swedish) |
| Kaliningrad | Kaliningrad - Калининград (Russian, Swedish), Kalingrad (Polish), Kaļiņingrada (Latvian), Kalininhrad - Калінінград (Belarusian, Ukrainian), Karalaviec - Каралявец (former Belarusian), Kaliningrado (Spanish, Portuguese), Kalinjingrad (Croatian, Serbian), Kaljinjingrad - Каљињинград (Serbian), Karaliaučius (Lithuanian), Kenigsberg קעניגסבערג (Yiddish), Keunigsbarg (Low Saxon), Koningsbergen (Dutch), Königsberg (German), Konigsberga (Old Portuguese), Královec (Czech), Królewiec (former Polish), Kalinyingrád/Königsberg (Hungarian) |
| Kamenz | Kamenz (German), Kamjenc (Upper Sorbian) |
| Kamianets-Podilskyi | Camenecium (Latin), Cameniţa (Romanian), Kamenets קאַמענעץ (Yiddish), Kamenets-Podol'skiy - Каменец-Подольский (Russian), Kamieniec Podolski (Polish), Kam"yanets'-Podil's'kyy - Кам’янець-Подільський (Ukrainian) |
| Kandalaksha | Kandalaksha - Кандалакша (Russian), Kannanlahti / Kantalahti (Finnish) |
| Kartuzy | Karthaus (German), Kartuzy (Polish) |
| Katowice | Katovicai (Lithuanian), Katovice (Czech, Hungarian, Latvian, Serbian), Katoviçe (Turkish), Katowice (Polish), Kattowitz (German); Stalinogród (Polish 1953-1956) |
| Kaunas | Kauen (German), Kauņa (Latvian), Kaunas (Lithuanian, Serbian, Swedish), Koŭna - Коўна (Belarusian), Kovne - קאָװנע (Yiddish), Kovno (Czech), Kovno - Ковно (Russian), Kowno (Polish) |
| Kazan | Casan (Latin), Kasan (German), Kazań (Polish), Kazaņa (Latvian), Qazan (Tatar) |
| Kem | Kem' - Кемь (Russian), Kemi or Vienan Kemi (Finnish) |
| Kemi | Giepma (Northern Sami) |
| Kerch | Kerç (Tatar), Kerch - Керч (Ukrainian), Kerch - Керчь (Russian), Kercz (Polish), Kerci (Romanian), Kertš (Finnish) |
| Kętrzyn | Kętrzyn (Polish), Rastenburg (German) |
| Kharkiv | Charkov (Czech, Slovak), Charkovas (Lithuanian), Charków (Polish), Harkov (Romanian, Serbian), Harkova (Finnish, Latvian), Hárkovo - Χάρκοβο (Greek), Karkov (Turkish), Kharkiv - Харків (Ukrainian), Khar'kov - Харьков (Russian) |
| Kiel | Kiel (Estonian, German, Hungarian, Romanian, Swedish), Ķīle (Latvian), Kilonia (Polish), Kylis (Lithuanian), Quília (Portuguese) |
| Kielce | Kelts - קעלץ (Yiddish), Kel'tsy - Кельцы (Russian), Kielce (Polish) |
| Kiev | Kænugarður (Icelandic), Kiëv (Dutch), Kiev (Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish, Swedish) Kiev - קיִעװ (Yiddish), Kijeŭ - Кіеў (Belarusian), Kíevo - Κίεβο (Greek), Kiew (German), Kiiev (Estonian), Kijev (Croatian, Hungarian, Serbian, Slovene), Kijeva (Latvian), Kijevas (Lithuanian), Kijów (Polish), Kiova (Finnish), Kiyev - Киев (Russian), Kīyif (Arabic), Kyjev (Czech, Slovak); Kyyiv - Київ (Ukrainian), Qiyov - קיוב (Hebrew), Chiu ([very] old Romanian) |
| Kirovohrad | Kirovgrado (Portuguese, Spanish); Yelizavetgrad (former name) |
| Kilkenny | Cill Chainnigh (Irish) |
| Kiruna | Giron (Sami), Kiiruna (Finnish), Kiruna (Swedish) |
| Klagenfurt | Celovec (Czech, Slovene), Klagenfurt (German), Želanec (alternative Czech name) |
| Klaipeda | Klaipeda (Estonian, Finnish), Klaipēda (Latvian), Klaipėda (Lithuanian), Klajpeda (Belarusian), Kłajpeda (Polish), Meemel (former Estonian), Memel (German), Mēmele (former Latvian) |
| Kobarid | Caporetto (Italian, Romanian), Kobarid (Slovene) |
| Kolkwitz | Gołkojce (Lower Sorbian), Kolkwitz (Niederlausitz) (German) |
| Kolomyya | Colomeea (Romanian), Kilemey - קילעמײ (Yiddish), Kolomea (German), Kołomyja (Polish), Kolomyya - Коломия (Ukrainian) |
| Komotini | Gümülcine (Turkish), Komotini - Κομοτηνή (Greek) |
| Kondopoga | Kondopoga - Кондопога (Russian), Kontupohja (Finnish) |
| Konstanz | Constance (French, variant in English), Constança/Constância (Portuguese), Constanţa (Romanian), Costanza (Italian), Konstanca (Serbian), Konstancja (Polish), Köstence (Turkish), Kostnice (Czech), Konstántza - Κωνστάντζα (Greek) |
| Köpenick | Köpenick (German), Kopník (Czech) |
| Koper | Capodistria (Italian), Kopar (Croatian, Serbian), Koper (Slovene) |
| Korçë | Koritsa - Κορυτσά (Greek), Korçë / Korça (Albanian), |
| Kortrijk | Kortrijk (Dutch), Kortryk (Afrikaans) Courtrai (French, Romanian), Kortriek (Limburgish) |
| Košice | Cassovia (Latin), Kaschau (German), Kasha (Romany), Kassa (Hungarian), Košice (Romanian, Serbian, Slovak), Koshytsi - (old Ukrainian) Koszyce (Polish), Caşovia (old Romanian) |
| Kosovo Polje | Amselfeld (German), Câmpia Mierlei (Romanian), Champ des merles (French), Fushe Koseve (Albanian), Kosovo Polje (Serbian), Kosowe Pole (Polish), Kosifopédhio - Κοσσυφοπέδιο (Greek), Merelveld (Afrikaans, Dutch), Rigómező (Hungarian) |
| Kotor | Cattaro (Italian), Kotor (Croatian, Serbian) |
| Kovel | Kovel' - Ковель (Russian, Ukrainian), Kowel (Polish), Kovl - קאָװל (Yiddish) |
| Kraków | Cracow (English variant), Cracovia (Italian, Spanish, Romanian), Cracóvia (Portuguese), Cracovie (French), Kroke - קראָקע (Yiddish), Kraká (Icelandic), Krakau (Dutch, German), Краків/Krakiv (Ukrainian), Krakkó (Hungarian), Krakov (Croatian, Czech, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Turkish), Krakova (Latvian, Finnish), Krakovía - Κρακοβία (Greek), Krakovo (Esperanto), Kraków (Polish, Swedish), Krākūf (Arabic), Krokuva (Lithuanian), Krakaŭ - Кракаў (Belarusian) |
| Krems | Krems (German), Kremže / Křemže (Czech) |
| Kristianstad | Kristianstad (Swedish), Kristianstadas (Lithuanian) |
| Kristinestad | Christinae Stadh (former Swedish), Kristiinankaupunki (Finnish), Kristinestad (Swedish), Kristingrad - Кристинград (Serbian) |
| Krnov | Carnovia (Latin), Jägerndorf (German), Karniów (former Polish), Krnov (Czech), Krnów (Polish) |
| Kudowa Zdrój | Chudoba (Czech), Kudowa-Zdrój (Polish) |
| Kuopio | Kuopio (Finnish, Swedish) |
| Kwidzyn | Kwidzyn (Polish), Marienwerder (German) |
| Kyle of Lochalsh | Caol Loch Ailse (Scots Gaelic) |
L
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Labin | Albona (Italian), Labin (Croatian, Serban) |
| Lahti | Lahti (Estonian, Finnish, Romanian, Slovene), Lahtis (Swedish) |
| Lakhva | Łachwa (Polish), лахва (Russian) |
| Lappeenranta | Lappeenranta (Estonian, Finnish), Villmanstrand (Swedish) |
| Lausanne | Lausanne (French, Romanian, Swedish), Lausana (Spanish, Portuguese), Losanna (Italian), Lozan (Armenian, Turkish), Lozana (Serbian), Lozáni - Λωζάννη (Greek), Lozanna (Latvian, Polish), Luzana (Slovene) |
| Leeuwarden | Leeuwarden (Dutch), Ljouwert (Frisian), Liwwarden (Town Frisian), Liewarde (Limburgish) |
| Leghorn | Liorna (Spanish), Livorno (Italian, Finnish, German, Portuguese, Romanian), Livourne (French) |
| Leicester | لستر (Persian), Caerlyr (Welsh), Ratae (Latin), Leicestria (Church Latin) |
| Leiden | Leida (Italian, Portuguese, Romanian), Leiden (Dutch, Slovene), Lejda (Polish), Leyde (French), Leyden (variant in English) |
| Leipzig | Lajpcig (Serbian), Lajpcyg - Ляйбцыґ (Belarusian), Leipciga (Latvian), Leipcigas (Lithuanian), Leipsic (older English), Leipzig (French, German, Romanian, Slovene, Swedish), Lipcse (Hungarian), Lipsca (old Romanian), Lipsía - Λειψία (Greek), Lipsia (Italian), Lípsia (Portuguese), Lipsk (Lower Sorbian, Polish), Lipsko (Czech, Slovak) |
| Lębork | Lauenburg (German), Lębork (Polish) |
| Leuven | Leuven (Afrikaans, Dutch), Louvain (French, Romanian), Lováin (Irish), Lovaina (Catalan, Portuguese, Spanish), Lovaň (Czech), Lovanio (Italian), Löwen (German), Lovin (Walloon), Léiwen (Luxembourgish) |
| Lezhë | Lezhë / Lezha (Albanian), Alessio (Italian) |
| Liège | Léck (Luxembourgish), Leodium (Latin), L'ež - Льеж (Russian), Lîdje / Lîdge (Walloon), Liege (Finnish, Swedish, Turkish), Liège (French, Hungarian, Romanian, Swedish), Liége (former French, Portuguese), Liegi (Italian), Lieĝo (Esperanto), Lieja (Catalan, Spanish), Liéyi - Λιέγη (Greek), Liež (Bulgarian, Serbian), Lježa (Latvian), Luik (Dutch), Lüttich (German), Lutych (Czech), Luuk (Luik) (Limburgish), ولييج (Arabic), ליאז' (Hebrew) |
| Liepāja | Libau (German), Libava (former Russian), Libave - ליבאַװע (Yiddish), Liepaja (Estonian), Liepāja (Latvian), Liibavi (former Estonian), Lipawa (Polish), Liyepaya (Russian) |
| Lier | Lier (Dutch), Lierre (French) |
| Lille | Lil (Serbian), Lilla (Catalan, Italian), Lille (French, Latvian, Portuguese, Romanian), Rijsel (Dutch) |
| Limoges | Lemòtges (Occitan), Limož (Serbian) |
| Limassol | Lemesos - Λεμεσός (Greek), Leymosun (Turkish) |
| Limerick | Limeriko (Esperanto), Luimneach (Irish) |
| Linköping | Lincopia (Latin), Linköping (Danish, Finnish, Swedish) |
| Linz | Lentia (Latin), Linca (Latvian), Linec (Czech), Linz (German, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene) |
| Lisbon | ليسبون (Persian), Liospóin (Irish), Lisabon (Croatian, Czech, Serbian, Slovak), Lisabona (Latvian, Lithuanian, Romanian), Lisboa (Portuguese, Spanish), Lisbona (Italian), Lisbonne (French), Lisbono (Esperanto), Lišbūna (Arabic), Lissabon (Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, German, Russian, Swedish), Lissavóna - Λισσαβώνα (Greek), Lisszabon (Hungarian), Lizbon (Armenian, Turkish), Lizbona (Polish, Slovene), Ushbune (old Arabian) |
| Liverpool | ليورپول (Persian), Learpholl (Irish), Lerpwl (Welsh), Liverpūle (Latvian), Liverpulis (Lithuanian), Liverpulo (Esperanto), Llynlleifiad (former Welsh) |
| Ljubljana | Laibach (German), Liubliana (Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish), Liublijana (Lithuanian), Liyūbliyānā (Arabic), Ljubljana (Finnish, French, Serbian, Slovene, Swedish), Lubiana (Italian), Lublaň (Czech), Ļubļana (Latvian), Lublana (Polish), Ľubľana (Slovak), Lubyana (Turkish) |
| Lleida | Lerida (Italian, Romanian), Lérida (French, Portuguese, Spanish), Lleida (Catalan) |
| Löbau | Löbau (German), Lubij (Upper Sorbian), Lubiniec (Polish) |
| London | Landan (Arabic), لندن (Persian), Llundain (Welsh), Londain (Irish), Londan - Лёндан (Belarusian), Londe (Limburgish), Londen (Afrikaans, Dutch), Londhíno - Λονδίνο (Greek), Londinium (Latin), Londona (Latvian), Londonas (Lithuanian), Londono (Esperanto), Londra (Italian, Romanian, Turkish), Londres (Catalan, French, Portuguese, Spanish), Londyn (Polish), Londýn (Czech, Slovak), Lontoo (Finnish), Loundres (Cornish), Lundenwic (Anglo-Saxon), Lundúnir (Icelandic), Lunnainn (Scots Gaelic), Rondon - ロンドン (Japanese), Rondon - 런던 (Korean) |
| Londonderry | Derio (Esperanto), Derry (almost universally used in English in Republic of Ireland; disputed usage in Northern Ireland), Doire/Doire Cholm Cille (Irish), Lunnonderry (Scots) |
| Longwy | Longwy (French), Langich (German), Lonkech or Lonkesch (Luxembourgish) |
| Lourdes | Lorda (Catalan, Occitan), Lourde (Provençal), Lourdes (French, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian), Lurdy (Czech) |
| Lübben | Lübben (German), Lubin (Lower Sorbian, Polish) |
| Lübbenau | Lübbenau (German), Lubnjow (Lower Sorbian) |
| Lübeck | Libek (Serbian), Lībeka (Latvian), Liubekas (Lithuanian), Lubecca (Italian), Lübeck (French, German, Romanian, Swedish), Lubek (Czech), Lubeka (Polish), Lubeque (Portuguese), Lüübek (Estonian), Lyypekki (Finnish) |
| Lucca | Luca (Portuguese), Lucca (Italian, Romanian), Lucques (French), Lukka (Polish) |
| Lucerne | Liucerna (Lithuanian), Lucern (Czech, Serbian, Slovene), Lucerna (Italian, Latvian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Romansh, Spanish), Lucerne (French), Lukérni - Λουκέρνη (Greek), Luzern (Afrikaans, Dutch, Finnish, German, Serbian, Swedish, Turkish), Luzerna (Catalan) |
| Luleå | Luleå (Swedish), Lulėja (Lithuanian), Luleo (Latvian, Serbian), Luulaja (Finnish) |
| Lund | Lund (Danish, Swedish), Lunda (Latin, Latvian) |
| Lüneburg | Lüneburch (Low Saxon), Lüneburg (German, Romanian), Luneburgo (Italian, Portuguese), Lunenburg (Dutch, variant in English) |
| Lutsk | Luckas (Lithuanian), Luţk (Romanian), Lutsk / Luts’k / Луцьк (Ukrainian), Łuck (Polish), |
| Luxembourg | Lëtzebuerg (Luxembourgish), Liuksemburgas (Lithuanian), Ljuksemburg - Люксембург (Bulgarian, Russian), Ljuksemburh (Ukrainian), Lucemburk (Czech), Lucsamburg (Irish), Luksemboarch (Frisian), Luksemburg (Croatian, Macedonian, Polish, Serbian, Slovene), Lüksemburg (Turkish), Luksemburga (Latvian), Luksemburgio (Esperanto), Lussemburgo (Italian), Lussimbork (Walloon), Lützelburg (former German), Lúxemborg (Icelandic), Luxemborg / Luxembourg / Luxemburg (Danish), Luxembourg (Estonian, French, Hungarian [for the city]), Luxemburg (Afrikaans, Basque variant, Catalan, Dutch, English variant, Finnish, German, Hungarian [for the country], Romanian, Swedish), Luxemburgia (Latin variant), Luxemburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Luxemburgum (Latin), Luxembursko (Slovak), Luxemvúrgho - Λουξεμβούργο (Greek), Luxenburgo (Basque), Lwcsembwrg (Welsh), Luksemburg - Люксэмбурґ(Belarusian) |
| L'viv | Ilyvó (Hungarian), Lavov (Croatian, Serbian), Lemberg (German), Lemberg - לעמבערג (Yiddish), Léopol (French), Leopoli (Italian), Leopolis (Latin), Liov (Romanian), L'viv - Львів (Ukrainian), L'voŭ - Львоў (Belarusian), Lvov (Finnish, Portuguese, Slovene), L'vov - Львов (Russian), Ľvov (Slovak), Ļvova (Latvian), Lvovas (Lithuanian), Lwów (Polish) |
| Lyon | Lião (Portuguese), Lijonas (Lithuanian), Lió (Catalan), Lión - Λυών (Greek), Liona (Latvian), Lione (Italian), Liono (Esperanto), Liyon (Serbian), Lugdunum or Lugudunum (Latin), Lyon (French, German, Romanian, Slovene), Lyón (Spanish), Lyons (traditional English name) |
M
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Maastricht | Mastriht (Serbian), Maastricht (Dutch, French, Romanian), Maestricht (former French, Flemisch, Romanian variant), Mastrichtas (Lithuanian), Māstrihta (Latvian), Mastrique (Spanish), Mestreech (Limburgish), Traiectum ad Mosam or Traiectum superius (Latin), Måstrek / Li Trek (Walloon) |
| Madrid | Madhríti - Μαδρίτη (Greek), Madorīdo - マドリード (Japanese), Madri (Brazilian Portuguese), Madrid (French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian, Swedish), Madridas (Lithuanian), Madride (Latvian), Madrido (Esperanto), Madryt (Polish), Maidrid (Irish), Mecrit (Arabic) |
| Mahilyow | Mahiloŭ - Магілёў (Belarusian), Mogilev (Russian), Mogilew or Mohylew (Polish), Molev - מאָלעװ (Yiddish), Movilău (Romanian), Moghilău (Romanian variant), Mogiliovas (Lithuanian) |
| Mainz | Määnz (local dialect), Magonza (Italian), Maguncia (Spanish), Mainca (Latvian), Mainz (German, Romanian, Swedish), Majnc (Serbian), Mayence (French), Mogúncia (Portuguese), Moguncja (Polish), Moguntiacum (Latin), Mohuč (Czech, Slovak), Meenz (former local dialect), Maienţa (old Romanian), Maghentía - Μαγεντία (Greek, along with the modern name) |
| Malbork | Malbork (Polish), Marienburg (German), Malborg (Romanian) |
| Malmö | Malme (Latvian), Malmø (Danish), Malmö (Finnish, Swedish), Malmogia (Latin) |
| Manchester | Manceinion (Welsh), Mančestera (Latvian), Manĉestro (Esperanto), Mančesteris (Lithuanian), Manchain (Irish), Mancunium (Latin) |
| Monschau | Monschau (German), Montjoie (French) |
| Mantua | Mantoue (French), Mantova (Italian, Finnish, Czech, Romanian, Slovak), Mantua (Latin), Mântua (Portuguese) |
| Maribor | Marburg (German), Marburgo (Portuguese), Maribor (Romanian, Serbian, Slovene), Morpurgo (old Italian) |
| Mariehamn | Maarianhamina (Finnish), Mariehamn (Swedish) |
| Marktredwitz | Marktredwitz (German), Ředvice (Czech) |
| Marseille | Mareseļa (Latvian), Marseille (French, Swedish), Marseilles (English variant), Marsel' - Марсель (Russian), Marselha (Portuguese), Marselis (Lithuanian), Marselj (Serbian), Marseljo (Esperanto), Marsella (Spanish), Marsiglia (Italian), Marsilha/Marselha (Occitan), Marsilia (Romanian), Marsīliyā (Arabic), Marsilya (Armenian, Turkish), Marsylia (Polish), Massalía - Μασσαλία (Greek) |
| Mechelen | Malinas (Spanish), Malines (Catalan, French, Romanian), Mechelen (Dutch), Mecheln (German), Mechlin (older English name) |
| Meißen | Meisene (Latvian), Meißen (German), Meissen (Romanian), Míšeň (Czech), Misnia (Italian), Miśnia (Polish) |
| Melk | Medlík (Czech), Melk (German), Mölk (former German) |
| Messina | Mesīna (Latvian), Mesíni - Μεσσίνη (Greek), Messina (Italian, Portuguese, Romanian), Messine (French), Messyna / Mesyna (Polish), Missina (Sicilian) |
| Metz | Divodurum (Latin), Meca (Latvian), Mec - Мец (Bulgarian, Serbian, Russian), Mety (Czech), Metz (French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian) |
| Międzybórz | Mezbizh - מעזביזש (Yiddish), Międzybórz (Polish) |
| Miercurea-Ciuc | Csíkszereda (Hungarian), Miercurea-Ciuc (Romanian), Szeklerburg (German) |
| Mikkeli | Mikkeli (Finnish), Sankt Michel (Swedish) |
| Mikulov | Mikulov (Czech), Nikolsburg (German) |
| Milan | Mailand (German), Mediolan (Polish), Mediólana (former Greek), Mediolānum (Latin), Milà (Catalan), Milaan (Dutch), Milán (Czech, Spanish), Milāna (Latvian), Milano (Croatian, Esperanto, Finnish, Italian, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene, Swedish, Turkish), Miláno - Μιλάνο (Greek, Slovak), Milánó (Hungarian), Mīlānū (Arabic), Milão (Portuguese), Milanas (Lithuanian) |
| Minsk | Minsk - Мінск or Miensk - Менск (Belarusian), Minsk - Минск (Russian, Serbian), Minsk - מינסק (Yiddish), Mińsk (Polish), Mins'k - Мінськ (Ukrainian), Minska (Latvian), Minsko (Esperanto), Minszk (Hungarian), Minskas (Lithuanian), Minsk (Romanian) |
| Miskolc | Miskolc (Hungarian), Miškolc (Serbian), Miškovec (Czech, Slovak), Miszkolc (Polish), Mişcolţ (Romanian) |
| Moineşti | Moineşti (Romanian), Mojnest (Hungarian) |
| Monaco | Manaka - Манака (Belarusian), Monaco (Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Romanian, Swedish, Welsh), Monacó (Irish), Mónaco (Portuguese, Spanish), Monakas (Lithuanian), Monako (Basque, Esperanto, Latvian, Polish, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Turkish), Monakó - Μονακό (Greek), Mónakó (Icelandic), Monegue (Occitan), Monoecus (Latin), Munegu (Monegasque) |
| Mons | Bergen (Dutch), Berĥeno (Esperanto), Mons (French, Romanian), Mont (Walloon), Berg (Limburgish) |
| Montbéliard | Mömpelgard (German), Montbéliard (French) |
| Moscow | Maskava (Latvian), Maskva (Lithuanian), Maskva - Масква (Belarusian), Mosca (Italian), Moscó (Irish), Moscou (French, Brazilian Portuguese), Moscova (Romanian), Moscovo (Portuguese), Moscú (Spanish), Mosekao (Hawaiian), Moskau (German), Móskha - Μόσχα (Greek), Moskou (Afrikaans, Dutch), Moskova (Finnish, Turkish), Moskva (Armenian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Estonian, Hebrew, Norwegian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Swedish, Ukrainian), Moskve - מאָסקװע (Yiddish), Moskvo (Esperanto), Moskwa (Bahasa Indonesia, Polish), Mosukuwa - モスクワ (Japanese), Moszkva (Hungarian), Mūskū (Arabic) |
| Mosonmagyaróvár | Mosonmagyaróvár (Hungarian), Wieselburg-Ungarisch Altenburg (German) |
| Motovun | Motovun (Croatian, Serbian), Montona (Italian) |
| Mścisłaŭ | See Amścisłaŭ |
| Mukacheve | Mucacevo (Romanian), Mukačevo (Czech, Slovak), Mukacheve - Мyкaчeвe (Ukrainian), Mukachevo - Мyкaчeвo (Russian, Serbian), Mukachiv - Мyкaчiв (Ruthenian), Mukaczewo (Polish), Minkatsh - מינקאַטש (Yiddish), Muncaci (Romanian variant), Munkács (Hungarian), Munkatsch (German) |
| Mulhouse | Milhüse or Milhüsa (Alsatian), Mülhausen (German), Mulhouse (French), Mylhúzy (Czech), Miluza (Polish) |
| Munich | Minhen (Serbian), Minhene (Latvian), Minkhn - מינכן (Yiddish); Miunchenas (Lithuanian), Miyūnikh (Arabic), Мюнхен/Myunkhen (Belarusian, Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian), Mnichov (Czech), Mníchov (Slovak), Monachium (Polish), Monaco di Baviera (Italian), Mónakho - Μόναχο (Greek), Monakovo (old Slovene), München (Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Romanian, Low Saxon, modern Slovene, Swedish), Munĥeno or Munkeno (Esperanto), Múnich (Spanish), Münih (Turkish), Munique (Portuguese), Mûnik (Walloon), Munikh (Armenian) |
| Münster | Minstere (Latvian), Münster (German), Meuster (Walloon) |
| Murmansk | Moermansk (Dutch), Mourmansk (French), Murmansaka (Latvian), Murmansk - Мурманск (Belarusian, Russian, Serbian), Murmansk (Italian), Murmańsk (Polish), Murmanskas (Lithuanian), Murmansko (Esperanto), Muurmanni or Muurmanski (former Finnish), Muurmansk or Murmansk (Finnish); Romanov-on-Murman (former name) |
N
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Namur | Namur (French, Romanian), Namen (Dutch), Nameur (Walloon) |
| Nancy | Nancy (French, Romanian), Nanzig (German), Nanzeg (Luxembourgish) |
| Naples | Nābūlī (Arabic), Napels (Dutch), Nápoles (Portuguese, Spanish), Napoli (Italian, Finnish, Romanian, Turkish), Napolo (Esperanto), Nàpols (Catalan), Nápoly (Hungarian), Napulj (Croatian, Serbian), Neapel (German, Swedish), Neapelj (Slovene), Neapole (Latvian), Neapolis (Latin, Lithuanian), Neapol (Czech, Polish, Slovak), Neapol' (Russian, Ukrainian), Neapole (former Romanian), Nápoli - Νάπολη (modern Greek), Neápolis - Νεάπολις (ancient Greek) |
| Narbonne | Narbo or Narbo Martius (Latin), Narbona (Catalan, Italian, Occitan, Spanish), Narbonne (French, Romanian) |
| Navahradak | Navahrudak - Навагрудак (modern sovetized Belarusian), Naugardukas (Lithuanian), Nowogródek (Polish), Novogrudok (Russian) |
| Neuchâtel | Neuchâtel (French, Romanian), Neuenburg (German) |
| Newcastle upon Tyne | An Caisleán Nua (Irish), Nova Castra (Latin) |
| Newport (Monmouthshire) | Casnewydd (Welsh) |
| Newport (Pembrokeshire) | Trefdraeth (Welsh) |
| Nice | Nica (Belarusian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Serbian), Niça (Catalan, Occitan), Nice (French, Swedish), Nicea (Polish), Níkea - Νίκαια (Greek), Nis (Turkish), Nisa (Romanian), Nissa (Occitan variant, Provençal), Niza (Spanish), Nizza (Italian, Finnish, German, Hungarian) |
| Nicosia | Lefkoşe (Turkish), Lefkosía - Λευκωσία (Greek), Nicosia (Hungarian, Italian, Romanian, Spanish, Swedish), Nicósia (Portuguese), Nicosie (French), Nikosia / Lefkosia (Finnish), Nikosia (German), Nikosija (Latvian, Russian, Ukrainian), Nikosio (Esperanto), Nikozija (Lithuanian, Serbian), Nikozja (Polish), Nīqūsiyā (Arabic) |
| Nijmegen | Nijmegen (Dutch), Nimega (Italian, Spanish), Nimègue (French, Romanian), Nimwegen (German), Nîmegue (Walloon), Batavodurum, Noviomagum (Latin), Nimwege (local dialect, possible Limburgs), Nijmege (common Limburgs) |
| Nizhny Novgorod | Nižni Noŭharad - Ніжні Ноўгарад (Belarusian), Nijni-Novgorod (French, Romanian), Nischnij Nowgorod (German), Nizhni Novgorod (Finnish, Serbian), Nižnij Novgorod - Нижний Новгород (Russian), Nižný Novgorod (Slovak), Nowogród (Polish); Gorky (former name 1932-1990), Nižny Novgordas (Lithuanian), Ņižņnovgoroda (Latvian) |
| Novi Sad | Neusatz (German), Novi Sad - Нови Сад (Serbian), Nový Sad (Slovak), Újvidék (Hungarian), Novi Sadas (Lithuanian), Novisada (Latvian), Novi Sad (Romanian), Nowy Sad (Polish) |
| Nowy Sącz | Neu-Sandez (German), Nowy Sącz (Polish), Sandz - סאַנדז (Yiddish) |
| Nuoro | Nuoro (Italian), Nugoro (Sardinian) |
| Nuremberg | Neurenberg (Dutch), Niremvéryi - Νυρεμβέργη (Greek), Nirnberg (Serbian), Norimberg (Slovene), Norimberga (Italian), Norimberk (Czech), Nörnberg (Low Saxon), Norymberga (Polish), Núremberg (Spanish), Nuremberga (Portuguese), Nürnberg (Estonian, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Swedish), Nürenberg (Romanian), Nirnberga (Latvian), Niurnbergas (Lithuanian), Näöreberg (Limburgish) |
O
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Óbuda (now part of Budapest) | Altofen (German), Óbuda (Hungarian), Starý Budín (Czech), Buda (Polish), Buda (Veche) (Romanian) |
| Odessa | Ades - אַדעס (Yiddish), Hacıbey (Turkish), Одеса/Odesa (Ukrainian, Serbian), Odessa (Russian, Polish), Odesa (Latvian, Romanian), Odhissós - Οδησσός (Greek) |
| Ohrid | Охрид (Macedonian, Bulgarian,Serbian), Ohrídha - Οχρίδα (Greek), Ohër (Albanian), Ochryda (Polish) |
| Olbia | Olbia (Italian), Terranoa (Sardinian), Tarranoa (Corsican), Terranova Pausania (former Italian) |
| Oldenburg | Oldemburgo (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Oldenburg (German), Starogard (Polish, Serbian) |
| Olkusz | Hilcus (Latin), Ilkenau (German 1942-45), Ilkusz (former Polish), Olkusch (German), Olkusz (Polish) |
| Olomouc | Olmütz (German), Olomóc or Holomóc (Czech - Hanakian dialect), Olomouc (Czech), Olomuncium, Iuliomontium or Olomucii (Latin), Ołomuniec (Polish) |
| Olsztyn | Allenstein (German), Olsztyn (Polish), Olštinas (Lithuanian) |
| Oneşti | Oneşti (Romania), Onyest (Hungarian) |
| Opava | Opava (Czech), Opavia (Latin), Opawa (Polish), Troppau (German) |
| Opole | Opole (Polish), Opolí (Czech), Oppeln (German) |
| Oporto | Burtuqāl (Arabic), Oporto (Italian, Spanish), Porto (Czech, Esperanto, French, German, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian), Portas (Lithuanian), Portus Cale (Latin) |
| Oradea | Gran Varadino (Italian), Großwardein (German), Magno-Varadinum (Latin variant), Nagyvárad (Hungarian), Oradea (Romanian, Polish), Oradea-Mare (former Romanian), Varadinum (Latin), Varat (Turkish) |
| Oranienburg | Bocov (Czech), Bötzow (former German), Oranienburg (German) |
| Oristano | Oristano (Italian), Aristanis (Sardinian), Oristany (Catalan), Oristan (Spanish) |
| Oslo | Asloa (Latin), Oslo (Bahasa Indonesia, Danish, Dutch, Esperanto, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Latvian, Norwegian, Polish, Romanian, Serbian, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish), Osló (Irish), Ósló (Icelandic), Ūslū (Arabic), Oslas (Lithuanian), Christiania (former Dano-Norwegian name 1624-1925), Kristiania (late version of former name) |
| Osnabrück | Osnabrück (German), Osnabrugge (Dutch), Osnabruque (Portuguese) |
| Ostend | Oostende (Dutch), Ostenda (Italian, Polish), Ostende (Czech, French, German, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian), Ostendo (Esperanto), Ostendė (Lithuanian), Ostinde (Walloon) |
| Ostrava | Ostrau (German), Ostrawa (Polish) |
| Ostrów Wielkopolski | Ostrovia (Latin), Ostrowo (German), Ostrów (former Polish), Ostrów Wielkopolski (Polish) |
| Oświęcim | Auschwitz (German, Romanian), Aushvitsa (Romany), Oshpitizin (Yiddish), Osvětim (Czech), Osvienčim (Slovak), Osvyenchim (Romany), Oświęcim (Polish), Aušvice (Latvian) |
| Oulu | Oulu (Estonian, Finnish, Polish), Olu (Latvian), Uleåborg (Swedish) |
| Oxford | Okkusufōdo - オックスフォード (Japanese), Oksfordo (Esperanto), Oxonia (Latin), Rhydychen (Welsh), Oksforda (Latvian), Oksfordas (Lithuanian), Oksford (Polish, Serbian), Oksfórdhi - Οξφόρδη (Greek) |
| Ozieri | Ozieri (Italian), Othieri (Sardinian), Ocier (Spanish, Catalan) |
P
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Padua | Padoue (French), Padova (Italian, Finnish, Romanian, Croatian, Czech, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene), Pádua (Portuguese), Paduja (Latvian), Padua (Swedish), Padwa (Polish) |
| Palermo | Palerme (French), Palermo (Italian, Finnish, Latvian, Polish, Portuguese, Serbian, Romanian, Swedish), Palermas (Lithuanian), Panormos - Πάνορμος (Greek), Palerma - Палерма (Belarusian) |
| Pamplona | Banbalūna (Arabic), Iruña (Basque), Pamplona (Catalan, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Spanish, Swedish), Pampelune (French), Pampaluna / Lunapampa (Old Provençal), Pampeluna (Polish), Pompaelo (Latin) |
| Panoší Újezd | Panujzd (Arabic), Ujezd (French) |
| Paris | Bārīs (Arabic), Páras (Irish), Pari - パリ (Japanese), Parigi (Italian), Pariis (Estonian), Pariisi (Finnish), Parijs (Dutch), Paräis (Luxembourgish), París (Catalan, Spanish), Paris (French, Norwegian, Portuguese, Romanian, Swedish, Turkish) Parísi - Παρίσι (Greek), Париж/Pariž (Bulgarian, Russian), Pariz (Croatian, Slovene), Pariz - Париз (Serbian), Pariz - פּאַריז (Yiddish), Paříž (Czech), Paríž (Slovak), Parīze (Latvian), Parizo (Esperanto), Párizs (Hungarian), Parys (Afrikaans), Paryż (Polish), Париж/Paryzh (Ukrainian), Paryžius (Lithuanian), Lutetia (Latin), Paries (Limburgish), Paryž - Парыж (Belarusian) |
| Parma | Parme (French), Parma (Italian, Latin, Latvian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Spanish, Belarusian) |
| Pärnu | Parnawa (Polish), Pärnu (Estonian, Portuguese, Swedish), Pernau (German), Pērnava (Latvian), Piarnu (Belarusian, Lithuanian) |
| Passau | Batavia (Latin), Pasawa (Polish), Pasov (Czech), Passau (German), Passovia (Italian) |
| Pazin | Pisino (Italian), Pazin (Croatian, Serbian) |
| Pécs | Beci (old Romanian), Pětikostelí (Czech), Pečuh (Croatian), Fünfkirchen (German), Päťkostolie (Slovak), Pecz (Polish) Quinqueecclesiae (Latin) |
| Peenemünde | Peenemünde (German), Pianoujście (Polish) |
| Perpignan | Perpignan (Brazilian Portuguese, French, Romanian), Perpignano (Italian), Perpiñán (Spanish), Perpinhan (Occitan), Perpinhão (Portuguese), Perpinjan (Serbian), Perpinyà (Catalan) |
| Perugia | Pérouse (French), Perugia (Italian, Romanian), Perusa (Spanish) |
| Petroskoy | Petrozavodsk (Russian), Petroskoi (Finnish), Äänislinna (former Finnish), Petrozavodskas (Lithuanian), Pietrazavodzk - Петразаводзк (Belarusian) |
| Piacenza | Piacenza (Italian), Pjaćenca (Serbian), Plaisance (French), Plasencia (Spanish), Piacenţa (Romanian) |
| Piatra Neamţ | Piatra Neamţ (Romanian), Karácsonkő (Hungarian) |
| Piła | Piła (Polish), Schneidemühl (German) |
| Piotrków Trybunalski | Petrikau (German), Petrikev - פּעטריקעװ (Yiddish), Petrokov (Russian), Piotrków Trybunalski (Polish) |
| Piran | Piran (Serbian, Slovene, Croatian), Pirano (Italian), Pyrrhanum (Latin) |
| Plauen | Plauen (German, Polish), Plavno (Czech) |
| Pleven | Pleven (Bulgarian, Serbian), Plevna (Romanian, Russian), Plevne (Turkish), Plevno (Czech), Plewen (Polish) |
| Plovdiv | Filippopoli (Italian), Philipúpoli - Φιλιππούπολη (Greek), Plovdiv (Bulgarian, Serbian, Portuguese), Płowdiw (Polish), Pulpudeva (Thracian, former name), Evmolpias (Thracian, former name), Trimontium (Roman, former name), Filibe (Turkish, former name), Paldin (Slav, former name) |
| Plymouth | Pleimuiden (Dutch), Plimuto (Esperanto) |
| Plzeň | Pilsen (English, German, Italian, Portuguese, former Romanian), Pilzene (Latvian), Pilzno (Polish), Plzeň (Czech, Romanian) |
| Podgorica | Titograd (former name), Ribnica (former name), Podgorica (Portuguese) |
| Polatsk | Połacak - Полацак (traditional Belarusian), Połack - Полацк(sovietized Belarusian), Połock (Polish), Полоцк, also transliterated as Polotsk, Polotzk, Polock (Russian), Poloţk (Romanian) |
| Pompeii | Pompei (Italian, Romanian), Pompéia (Portuguese), Pompeji (German, Slovene), Pompeya (Spanish), Pompeja (Latvian, Serbian), Pompeje (Polish, Czech), Pompiía - Πομπηία (Greek), Pompeiji (Finnish), Pompėja (Lithuanian), Pompeji, (Danish, Swedish) |
| Porec | Parenzo (Italian), Poreč (Croatian, Serbian, Slovene) |
| Pori | Björneborg (Swedish), Pori (Finnish, Portuguese, Latvian) |
| Portorož | Portorose (Italian), Portorož (Serbian, Slovene) |
| Porvoo | Borgå (Swedish), Porvoo (Estonian, Finnish, Portuguese), Borgoa (Latin) |
| Potsdam | Podstupim (Lower Sorbian), Postupim (Czech, Slovak), Potsdam (German, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Swedish), Poczdam (Polish), Potsdama (Latvian), Potsdamas (Lithuanian) |
| Poznań | Posen (German), Posnania (Latin), Posnanie (French), Poyzn - פּױזן (Yiddish), Poznaņa (Latvian), Poznań (Polish), Poznanė (Lithuanian), Poznaň (Czech), Poznan (Portuguese, Serbian, Romanian), Poznań - Познань (Belarusian, Ukrainian) |
| Prague | Birāġ (Arabic), Praha (Belarusian, Czech, Estonian, Finnish, Norwegian, Slovak, Ukrainian, Lithuanian), Praag (Dutch), Prāga (Latvian), Prag (Croatian, Danish, German, Serbian, Swedish, Turkish), Prág (Irish), Prága - Πράγα (Greek, Hungarian), Praga (Bulgarian, Catalan, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Slovene, Spanish), Prago (Esperanto), Prog - פּראָג (Yiddish), Puraha - プラハ (Japanese) |
| Pravdinsk | Friedland (German), Pravdinsk (Russian), Romuva (Lithuanian) |
| Priozersk | Kexholm / Keksholm (Swedish), Käkisalmi (Finnish), Korela (alternative Finnish name) |
| Priština | Prishtinë (Albanian), Priština - Приштина (Serbian), Priştina (Romanian, Turkish), Prisztina (Polish), Pristina (Portuguese), Pristino (Esperanto), Priština (Latvian, Lithuanian, Slovene), Prístina - Πρίστινα (Greek) |
| Pruszcz Gdański | Praust (German), Pruszcz Gdański (Polish) |
| Przemyśl | Peremyshl - Перемишль (Russian, Ukrainian), Premisl - פּרעמיסל (Yiddish), Przemyśl (Polish, Romanian), Peremisla (old Romanian), Pieramyšl - Перамышль (Belarusian) |
| Pskov | Pihkova (Finnish), Pihkva (Estonian), Pleskau (German), Pleskava (Latvian), Pskov (Romanian, Russian), Pskovas (Lithuanian), Psków (Polish), Pskoŭ - Пскоў (Belarusian) |
| Pula | Pola (Italian), Póla (Hungarian), Pula (Croatian, Portuguese, Serbian, Romanian), Pulj (Slovene) |
| Puławy | Pilev - פּילעװ (Yiddish), Puławy (Polish) |
| Pyrzyce | Pyritz (German), Pyrzyce (Polish) |
R
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Raahe | Raahe (Finnish), Brahestad (Swedish) |
| Rădăuţi | Rădăuţi (Romanian), Radautz (German), Radevits - ראַדעװיץ (Yiddish), Radowce (Polish), Rádóc (Hungarian), Rothacenum (Latin) |
| Radymno | Radymno (Polish), Redem - רעדעם (Yiddish) |
| Rauma | Rauma (Estonian, Finnish), Raumo (Swedish) |
| Ravenna | Raben (old German), Ravenna (Italian), Rawenna (Polish) |
| Regensburg | Ratisbona (Italian, Portuguese, former Romanian, Spanish), Ratisbonne (French), Ratyzbona (Polish), Ratisbon (former English, Latin), Regensborg (Low Saxon), Regensburg (German, Romanian), Řezno (Czech) |
| Reykjavík | Reykjavik (Danish, Dutch, Norwegian), Reykjavík (Icelandic, Swedish), Rejkjaviko (Esperanto), Reikjavīka (Latvian) |
| Rheims | Reims (Dutch, French, Romanian), Remeš (Czech), Remso (Esperanto), Reimsa (Latvian), Reimsas (Lithuanian) |
| Riga | Riga (Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Slovene, Swedish), Rīga (Latvian), Rīġā (Arabic), Rige - ריגע (Yiddish), Ріга/Riha (Ukrainian), Riia (Estonian), Riika (Finnish), Ryga (Lithuanian, Polish), Ryha - Рыга (Belarusian) |
| Rijeka | Fiume (Italian, old Hungarian), Reka (Slovene), Rijeka (Croatian, Hungarian, Polish, Romanian), St. Veit am Flaum (German) |
| Rivne | Рівне/Rivne (Ukrainian), Rovne - ראָװנע (Yiddish), Rovno (Romanian, Russian), Równe (Polish), Rowno (German) |
| Roč | Roč (Croatian), Rozzo (Italian) |
| Roman | Roman (Romanian), Románvásár (Hungarian), Romanvarasch (German) |
| Rome | Rhufain (Welsh), Rim (Bulgarian, Croatian, Serbian, Russian, Slovene), Rím (Slovak), Řím (Czech), An Róimh (Irish), Rom (Danish, German, Swedish), Rómi - Ρώμη (Greek), Róma (Hungarian), Roma (Catalan, Italian, Lithuanian, Latvian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish, Turkish), Rōma - ローマ (Japanese), Roum (Luxembourgish), Romo (Esperanto), Rooma (Estonian, Finnish), Roym - רױם (Yiddish), Rūmiya (Arabic), Рим/Rym (Ukrainian), Rzym (Polish), Rome, Roeme, Roame (Limburgish, depending on dialect) |
| Roskilde | Hróarskelda (Icelandic), Roskilde (Danish, Swedish) |
| Rostock | Rostock (Estonian, German, Romanian, Swedish), Rostoka (Latvian), Rostokas (Lithuanian), Roztoka (former Polish), Roztoky (Czech) |
| Rouen | Rouen (French, Romanian), Ruão (Portuguese), Ruāna (Latvian), Rúðuborg (Icelandic) |
| Rovaniemi | Roavenjarga (Sami), Rovaniemi (Estonian, Finnish, Swedish), Rovaniemis (Lithuanian) |
| Rovinj | Rovigno (Italian), Rovinj (Croatian, Slovene) |
| Rzeszów | Reichshof (German 1939-1945), Řešov (Czech), Reyshe - רײשע (Yiddish), Ryashiv (Ukrainian), Rzeszów (Polish, Romanian) |
S
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Saarbrücken | Saarbrücken (German, Romanian), Sarrebruck (French, Spanish), Sarbriukenas (Lithuanian), Saarbrécken (Luxembourgish) |
| Saarlouis | Sarrelouis (French), Saarlautern (German 1939-1945) |
| Sagunto | Sagunt (Catalan, German), Sagunto (Italian, Spanish) |
| Salzburg | Salisburgo (Italian), Salzbourg (French), Salzburg (German, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene, Swedish), Salzburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Solnograd (old Slovene), Solnohrad (Czech), Zalcburga (Latvian), Zalcburgas (Lithuanian) |
| Samara | Kujbišev (Slovene, former name), Kuybyshev (former name) |
| Samarkand | Samarcand (old Romanian), Samarcanda (Catalan, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Samarcande (French), Samarkand (Romanian, Slovene, Swedish), Samarkanda (Polish), Semerkant (Turkish), Samarkandas (Lithuanian), Samarkándhi - Σαμαρκάνδη (Greek) |
| Sânnicolau Mare | Groß Sankt Nikolaus (German), Nagyszentmiklós (Hungarian), Sânnicolau Mare / Sân Nicolau Mare (Romanian) |
| San Sebastián | Donostia (Basque), San Sebastián (Spanish), Sant Sebastià (Catalan), Saint-Sébastien (French), San Sebastijanas (Lithuanian) |
| Santiago de Compostela | Šānt Yāqūb (Arabic), Sant Jaume de Galícia (Catalan), Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle (French), Santiago de Compostela (Galician, Portuguese), Santiago di Compostella (Italian) |
| Saragossa | Caesaraugusta (Latin), Saragoça (Portuguese), Saragosa (Latvian, Serbian, Slovene), Saragossa (Catalan, German, Polish), Saragosse (French), Saragozza (Italian), Zaragoza (Czech, Spanish, Swedish), Sarkusta (Arabic) |
| Sarajevo | Saraievo (Romanian), Sarāyīfū (Arabic), Sarajevo (Croatian, Bosnian, Portuguese, Serbian, Slovene, Swedish), Sarajewo (German, Polish), Saraybosna (Turkish), Szarajevó (Hungarian), Sarājeva (Latvian), Sarajevas (Lithuanian) |
| Saranda | Áyii Saránda - Άγιοι Σαράντα (Greek), Sarandë / Saranda (Albanian), Santiquaranta (Italian) |
| Sartene | Sartè (Corsican), Sartena (Italian), Sartene (French) |
| Sassari | Sàsser (Catalan), Sásser (Old Spanish), Sassari (Corsican, Italian, Sassarese), Sassari / Tathari / Tattari (Sardinian) |
| Saverne | Zabern (German) |
| Schaffhausen | Schaffhouse (French), Schaffhausen (German, Romanian), Sciaffusa (Italian), Schaffusa (Romansh), Szafuza (Polish) |
| Schmogrow | Schmogrow (German), Smogorjow (Lower Sorbian) |
| Schweinfurt | Schweinfurt (German, Romanian, Slovene), Svinibrod (Czech) |
| Schwerin | Schwerin (German), Swaryń (Polish), Zuarin (Obotritic), Zvěřín (Czech) |
| Schwyz | Schwytz (French), Schwyz (German), Svitto (Italian), Sviz (Romansh) |
| Senj | Segna (Italian), Senj (Croatian, Serbian, Slovene), Zengg (former Hungarian) |
| Sevastopol | Aqyar (Tatar, Crimean Tatar), Akyar (Turkish), Sebastopol (former English), Sevastopol (Romanian), Sevastopol' - Севастополь (Russian, Ukrainian), Sevastopole (Latvian), Sewastopol (Polish), Sevastúpoli - Σεβαστούπολη (Greek) |
| Seville | al-Išbīliya (Arabic), Hispalis (Latin), Sevila (Slovene), Sevilha (Portuguese), Sevilia (former Romanian), Sevilja (Serbian), Seviljo (Esperanto), Sevilla (Catalan, Finnish, German, Norwegian, Romanian, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish), Séville (French), Sevilya (Turkish), Sewilla (Polish), Siviglia (Italian), Seviļa (Latvian), Sevilija (Lithuanian), Sevíli - Σεβίλλη (Greek) |
| Shkodër | Scutari (Italian, old Romanian), Skadar (Czech, Serbian, Slovene), Szkodra (Polish), Skutari (German) |
| Shrewsbury | Amwythig (Welsh) |
| Šiauliai | Šaŭli - Шаўлі (Belarusian), Schaulen (German), Shaulyay or Shavli (Russian), Shavl - שאַװל (Yiddish), Šiauliai (Lithuanian), Šauļi (Latvian), Szawle (Polish) |
| Sibenik | Sebenico (former Hungarian, Italian), Šibenik (Croatian, Serbian, Slovene), Szybenik (Polish) |
| Sibiu | Sibiň (Czech), Sibiu (Romanian), Hermannstadt (German), Nagyszeben (Hungarian), Sybin (Polish) |
| Siedlce | Sedlets (Russian), Shedlets - שעדלעץ (Yiddish), Siedlce (Polish) |
| Sienna | Sienne (French), Siena (Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovene, Spanish, Turkish), Siena (Lithuanian) |
| Sighişoara | Schässburg (German), Segesvár (Hungarian), Sighişoara (Romanian), Sigiszoara (Polish) |
| Simferopol | Aqmescit (Tatar, Crimean Tatar), Akmescit (Turkish), Simferopol (Romanian), Simferopol' - Симферополь (Russian), Simferopole (Latvian), Symferopol (Polish), Symferopol' - Симферополь (Ukrainian) |
| Skopje | Shkupi (Albanian), Skop'e - Скопье (Russian), Skópia - Σκόπια (Greek), Skopia (Spanish), Skopie (Bulgarian, Polish), Skopje (Macedonian, Latvian, Portuguese, Slovene, Romanian, Swedish), Scoplie (Romanian variant), Skoplje (Serbian, Croatian), Skūbyī (Arabic), Üsküp (Turkish), Skopjė (Lithuanian), Szkopje (Hungarian) |
| Sligo | Sligeach (Irish) |
| Smolensk | Smolensk (Portuguese, Romanian), Smalensk - Смаленск (Belarusian), Smoļenska (Latvian), Smolenskas (Lithuanian), Smoleńsk (Polish), Смоленск (Russian) |
| Södertälje | Södertälje (Swedish), Telga australis (Latin) |
| Solin | Salona (Italian), Solin (Croatian, Slovene) |
| Sofia | Safija - Сафія (Belarusian), Serdica (Thracian), Sófia - Σόφια (Greek), Sófia (Portuguese), Sofia (Italian, Polish, Romanian, Swedish), Sofía (Spanish), Sofija - София (Bulgarian, Russian, Serbian, Ukrainian), Sofija (Croatian, Slovene, Latvian, Lithuanian), Sofio (Esperanto), Sofya (Turkish), Sredets (Slavic), Sūfiyā (Arabic), Szófia (Hungarian) |
| Solothurn | Soleure (French), Solothurn (German), Soletta (Italian), Soloturn (Romansh), Solura (Polish) |
| Sønderborg | Sonderburg (German) |
| Sopron | Ödenburg (German), Šoproň (Czech), Sopron (Hungarian) |
| Sovetsk | Sovetsk - Советск (Russian), Sovjetsk (Serbian, Slovene), Tilsit (German), Tilzīte (Latvian), Tilžė (Lithuanian), Tylża (Polish) |
| Speyer | Spires (former English), Espira (Spanish, Portuguese), Spire (French), Spira (Italian, Polish), Špýr (Czech) |
| Spišská Nová Ves | Igló (Hungarian), Nowa Wieś Spiska / Spiska Nowa Wieś (Polish), Noveysis (Romany), Spišská Nová Ves (Slovak), Villa Nova (Latin), (Zipser) Neu(en)dorf (German) |
| Split | Spalato (former Hungarian, Italian), Split (Croatian, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene, Polish), Splita (Latvian), Splitas (Lithuanian) |
| Spremberg | Grodk (Lower Sorbian), Spremberg (German) |
| St. Gallen | Saint-Gall (French), Sankt Gallen (German), San Gallo (Italian), Son Gagl (Romansh), Svatý Havel (Czech) |
| St. Petersburg | Ayía Petrúpoli - Αγία Πετρούπολη (Greek), Peterburg - פּעטערבורג (Yiddish), Peterburi (Estonian), Petroburgo (Esperanto), Pietari (Finnish), Saint-Pétersbourg (French), Sankt-Pieciarburh - Санкт-Пецярбург (Belarusian), Sankt-Peterburg (Russian, Slovene), Sankt Peterburg (Serbian, Slovak), Sanktpēterburga (Latvian), Sankt Peterburgas (Lithuanian), Sankt Petěrburk (Czech), Sankt Petersborg (Danish), Sankt Petersburg (German, Polish, Romanian, Swedish), Sankt Peterburg (Serbian), San Petersburgo (Spanish), San Pietroburgo (Italian), Sānt Bītarsbūrġ (Arabic), São Petersburgo (Portuguese), Sint-Petersburg (Dutch), St. Petersburg Norwegian, Szentpétervár (Hungarian); Leningrad (former name), Leningrado (former Italian), Lenjingrad (former Serbian), Petrograd (former Russian, former Serbian, former Slovene), Petrohrad (former Czech), Piotrogród (former Polish), Pēterpils (former Latvian), Petrapilis (former Lithuanian) |
| St. Moritz | Sankt Moritz (German), San Murezzan (Romansh), Svatý Mořic (Czech), Sanktmorica (Latvian) |
| Starokonstantinov | Alt-Konstantin (German), Starokonstantinov / Староконстантинов (Russian), Old Constantine (former English), Starokostyantyniv (Ukrainian) |
| Stockholm | Estocolm (Catalan), Estocolmo (Portuguese, Spanish), Holmia (Latin), Istūkhūlm (Arabic), Stoccolma (Italian), Stockholm (Estonian, Hungarian, Norwegian, Romanian, Slovene, Swedish), Stócólm (Irish), Stokgol'm (Russian), Štokholm (Slovak), Stokholm (former Estonian, Serbian), Stokhol'm (Ukrainian), Stokholma (Latvian), Stokholmas (Lithuanian), Stokholmo (Esperanto), Stokkhólmi - Στοκχόλμη (Greek), Stokkhólmur (Icelandic), Sztokholm (Polish), Tukholma (Finnish) |
| Stralsund | Stralsund (German, Swedish), Strzałowo or Strzałów (Polish) |
| Strasbourg | Estrasburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Schdroosburi or Strossburi (Alsatian), Straatsburg (Dutch), Strasbourg (French, Norwegian, Romanian, Slovene, Swedish), Strasburg (Polish), Štrasburg (Slovak), Strasburgo (Esperanto, Italian), Štrasburk (Czech), Strassburg (Finnish), Straßburg (German), Strazbur (Serbian), Strazburg (Turkish), Strastbūra (Latvian), Strasbūras (Lithuanian), Stroossbuerg (Luxembourgish), Strasvúrgo - Στρασβούργο (Greek) |
| Straubing | Straubing (German), Štrubina (Czech) |
| Stuttgart | Estugarda (Portuguese), Štíhrad (Czech), Stoccarda (Italian), Stuttgart (Brazilian Portuguese, German, Norwegian, Romanian, Slovene, Swedish), Stoutgárdhi - Στουτγγάρδη (Greek), Štutgarte (Latvian), Štutgartas (Lithuanian) |
| Subotica | Mariatheresiopel (German), Subotica - Суботица (Serbian), Subotica (Slovene, Polish), Szabadka (Hungarian) |
| Suceava | Shots - שאָץ (Yiddish), Suceava (Romanian), Suczawa (Polish, German), Szucsava (Hungarian) |
| Swansea | Abertaŭo (Esperanto), Abertawe (Welsh), Swansea (Slovene), Svonsi (Serbian) |
| Świnoujście | Swinemünde (German), Świnoujście (Polish) |
| Syracuse | Syrakus (German), Siracusa (Italian, Romanian, Portuguese, Spanish), Siracuza (former Romanian), Syrakuzy (Polish), Syrakúzy (Slovak), Sirakuza (Serbian), Siraküza (Turkish), Sirakuze (Slovene), Syrakusa (Finnish, Swedish), Sirakuso (Esperanto), Sirakūzai (Lithuanian), Siragüza (Arabic), Sirakúses - Συρακούσες (Greek) |
| Szczebrzeszyn | Shebreshin שעברעשין (Yiddish), Szczebrzeszyn (Polish) |
| Szczecin | Scecinum / Stetinum (Latin), Stettin (German, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish, former English), Szczecin (Polish), Štětín (Czech), Štetín (Slovene), Stettino (Italian), Ščecina (Latvian), Šćećin (Serbian), Štetinas (Lithuanian), Ščecin - Шчэцін (Belarusian) |
| Szczytno | Ortelsburg (German), Ortulfsburg (older German), Szczytno (Polish) |
| Szeged | Segedín (Czech, Serbian), Szeged (Hungarian), Seghedino (Italian), Segedyn or Szegedyn (Polish), Seghedin (Romanian), Szegedin or Segedin (German) |
| Székesfehérvár | Alba Regia (Latin), Stoličný Bělehrad (Czech), Stolni Biograd (Croatian), Stuhlweißenburg (German), Stoličný Belehrad (Slovak), İstolni Belgrad (Turkish) |
| Szentendre | Sentandreja - Сентандреја (Serbian), Svatý Ondřej (Czech), Szentendre (Hungarian) |
| Szombathely | Kamenec (Czech), Steinamanger (German), Szombathely (Hungarian, Slovene) |
T
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Tallinn | Rääveli (former Finnish), Rävel (former variant in Swedish), Reval (former English, German, Swedish and Danish), Revalia (Latin), Revel - Ревел (former Russian), Rewel (former Polish), Rēvele (former Latvian), Tālīn (Arabic), Talinas (Lithuanian), Talin (Serbian), Tallin (Polish, Russian, Slovak; also a variant in Norwegian, Spanish, Swedish, used mainly between 1944-1991), Tallinn (Estonian, Danish, German, Norwegian, Swedish), Tallina (Latvian), Tallinna (Finnish; former Estonian) |
| Tampere | Tammerfors (Swedish), Tampere (Estonian, Finnish, Latvian), Tamperė (Lithuanian) |
| Taranto | Taranto (Italian, Romanian), Táras - Τάρας (ancient Greek), Tárantas - Τάραντας (modern Greek) Tarent (Czech, German, Polish, Romanian variant, Serbian), Tarente (French), Tarento (Spanish), Tarentum (Latin) |
| Târgu Mureş | Marosvásárhely (Hungarian), Neumarkt (am Mieresch) (German), Târgu Mureş (Romanian, current spelling), Tîrgu Mureş (Romanian, old spelling) |
| Târgu Neamţ | Németvásár (Hungarian, Târgu Neamţ (Romanian, current spelling), Tîrgu Neamţ (Romanian, old spelling) |
| Târgu Ocna | Aknavásár (Hungarian), Târgu Ocna (Romanian, current spelling), Tîrgu Ocna (Romanian, old spelling) |
| Târgu Jiu | Zsilvásárhely (Hungarian), Târgu Jiu (Romanian, current spelling), Tîrgu Jiu (Romanian, old spelling) |
| Tarnów | Tarne - טארנע (Yiddish), Tarnów (Polish) |
| Tarnowskie Góry | Tarnowitz (German), Tarnowskie Góry (Polish) |
| Tartu | Derpt - Дерпт (former Russian), Dorpat (former German, Polish and Swedish), Tartto (Finnish), Tartu (Estonian, German, Latvian, Russian, Swedish), Tērbata (Latvian, before 1918), Tharbata (Latin), Yur'yev - Юрьев (former Russian) |
| Tashkent | Tachkent (French), Taschkent (German), Tashkent - Ташкент (Russian, Ukrainian), Tashqand (Arabic), Tasjkent (Dutch, Swedish), Taskéndi - Τασκένδη (Greek), Taskent (Hungarian), Taszkent / Taszkient (Polish), Taškenta (Latvian), Taškent (Slovak, Croatian, Serbian), Taşkent (Romanian, Turkish), Taškentas (Lithuanian), Toshkent (Uzbek) |
| Taurage | Taurage (Lithuanian), Tauroggen (German), Taurogi (Polish) |
| Tbilisi | Tbilisi (Georgian, Italian, Latvian, Polish, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene, Swedish), Tbilisis (Lithuanian), Tbilissi (French), Tbiliszi (Hungarian), Teflis - تفلیس (Persian), Tiflis (Armenian, Dutch, German, former name, former Romanian, Spanish, Turkish), Tiflīs (Arabic), Tyflída - Τυφλίδα (Greek), Tyflis (former Polish) |
| Tekirdağ | Rodosto (Greek), Rodostó (Hungarian)Tekfurdağı-(Ottoman) |
| Tempio Pausania | Tempio Pausania (Italian), Tempiu (Corsican, Sardinian), Tempio (Spanish, Catalan, former Italian) |
| Terezín | Terezín (Czech, Slovak), Theresienstadt (German) |
| The Hague | L'Aia (Italian), Gaaga (Russian), De Haach (Frisian), Den Haag / 's-Gravenhage (Dutch), Haag (Croatian, Czech, Estonian, Finnish, Slovak, Slovene, Swedish), Den Haag / der Haag (German), Haaha (Ukrainian), Hag (Serbian), Hāga (Latvian), Haga (Polish, Romanian, Lithuanian), Hága (Hungarian), Haia (Portuguese), An Háig (Irish), La Haya (Spanish), La Haye (French), Ηáyi - Χάγη (Greek), Lāhāy (Arabic), La Hey (Turkish), D'n Haag (D'n Haog) (Limburgish) |
| Theodosia | Feodosiia - Феодосія (Ukrainian), Feodosiya - Феодосия (Russian), Kefe (Tatar), Teodozja (Polish), Theodosia (English) |
| Thessaloniki | Salonic (Romanian), Salonica (alternative English name), Salónica (alternative Spanish name), Salonicco / Tessalonica (Italian), Salonikai (Lithuanian), Saloniki (German, Latvian, Polish, alternative Greek name), Săruna (Aromanian), Selanik (Turkish), Solun (Bulgarian, Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian, Slovene), Soluň (Czech), Solún (Slovak), Sołuń (historical Polish name), Thessaloniki - Θεσσαλονίκη (Greek), Tesalonic (alternative Romanian name), Tesalónica (Spanish), Tessalónica (Portuguese), Tessalonika (Finnish), Thessalonique (French) |
| Thionville | Diedenhofen (German), Diedenhoven (former Dutch), Diddenhuewen (Luxembourgish), Thionville (French) |
| Timişoara | Temešvár (Czech, Slovak), Temeswar / Temeschburg / (Temeschwar) (German), Temesvár (Hungarian), Temišvar (Croatian, Serbian, Slovene), Timişoara (Romanian), Timiszoara (Polish), Temeşvar (Turkish) |
| Tipperary | Tiobraid Árann (Irish) |
| Tirana | Tiranë / Tirana (Albanian), Tirana (Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Spanish, Swedish), Tirāna (Latvian), Tiran (Turkish) |
| Tongeren | Tongeren (Dutch), Tongern (German), Tongres (French), Tongue (Walloon), Aduatuca (Latin) |
| Tornio | Duortnus (Northern Sami), Torneå (Swedish), Tornio (Estonian, Finnish) |
| Tórshavn | Thorshavn (Danish), Torshamn (Swedish), Þórshöfn (Icelandic) |
| Toruń | Torun (Romanian), Toruń (Polish), Toruň (Czech), Thorn (German), civitas Torunensis (Latin), Torń (Kashubian) |
| Toulon | Tolone (Italian), Toulon (French, Romanian) Tulon (Polish, old Romanian), Tulona (Latvian) |
| Toulouse | Tolosa de Llenguadoc (Catalan), Tolosa (Italian, Latin, Occitan, former Spanish, Basque), Toulouse (French, Portuguese, Romanian, Swedish), Tuluza (Polish), Tuluz (Serbian) , Tulūza (Latvian, Lithuanian), Tulúzi - Τουλούζη (Greek) |
| Tournai | Doornik (Dutch), Tournai (French) |
| Trakai | Troki - Трокі (Belarusian), Trakai (Lithuanian), Traķi (Latvian), Troki (Polish) |
| Trebizond | Trabzon (Turkish), Trapezunt (German, Finnish, Polish, former Romanian), Trapezúnda - Τραπεζούντα (Greek), Trebisonda (Spanish, Italian, Portuguese), Trebizonda (former Romanian alternative to Trapezunt), Trébizonde (French) |
| Trent | Trento (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Trient (German), Trident (Czech), Trente (French, Dutch), Trydent (Polish) |
| Trier | Trevír (Czech, Slovak), Trèves (French), Treviri (Italian), Tréier (Luxembourgish), Trewir (Polish), Tréveris (Spanish, Portuguese), Trive (Walloon) |
| Trieste | Tergeste (Latin), Terst (Czech), Triëst (Dutch), Triest (German, Polish, Romanian variant), Trieszt (Hungarian), Trieste (Italian, Latvian, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish, Swedish), Trst (Croatian, Serbian, Slovene), Tergésti - Τεργέστη (Greek) |
| Trogir | Traù (Italian), Trogir (Croatian, Serbian) |
| Tromsø | Tromssa (Finnish, Sami) |
| Trondheim | Nidaros (Norwegian 997-15th century and again 1930), Trondhjem (Dano-Norwegian 15th century-1929), Trondheim (Norwegian 1931-1939 and 1945-present, Swedish), Drontheim (1940-1945) (German name during WWII occupation), Þrándheimur (Icelandic), Tronheima (Latvian), Trondheimas (Lithuanian), Trondhjem (the citizens of Trondheim's pronunciation) |
| Tübingen | Tubinga (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Tubingue (French), Tubinky / Tybinky (Czech), Tybinga (Polish), Tivíngi - Τυβίγγη (Greek) |
| Turin | Torí (Catalan), Torino (Italian, Croatian, Greek, Hungarian, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene, Finnish, Turkish), Turijn (Dutch), Turim (Portuguese), Turin (Swedish), Turín (Czech, Slovak, Spanish), Turyn (Polish), Turīna (Latvian), Turinas (Lithuanian), Turien (Limburgish) |
| Turku | Åbo (Swedish), Aboa / Aboia / Turcua (Latin), Turu (Estonian), Turku (Finnish, Latvian) |
| Tver | Kalinin (former name), Tver (Italian, Romanian, Slovene), Twer (Polish, German), Tvera (Latvian), Tverė (Lithuanian), Ćvier - Цьвер (Belarusian) |
| Tyszowce | Tishevits - טישעװיץ (Yiddish), Tyszowce (Polish) |
U
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Überlingen | Überlingen (German), Jibrovice (Czech) |
| Udine | Udin (Friulian), Udine (Italian), Videm (Czech, Slovene), Udinė (Lithuanian), Weiden (old German) |
| Ulcinj | Dulcigno (Italian), Ulcinj (Croatian, Serbian) |
| Ulm | Ulm (German, Romanian), Ulma (Italian), Ulmas (Lithuanian) |
| Ulyanovsk | Simbirsk (former name), Ulianovsk (Romanian), Uljanovsk (Serbian, Slovene), Uljanowsk (German), Uljanovskas (Lithuanian) |
| Umag | Umago (Italian), Umag (Croatian) |
| Umeå | Umeå (Swedish), Uumaja (Finnish) |
| Uppsala | Uppsala (Danish, Norwegian, Swedish), Upsal (French), Upsala (Finnish, Latvian), Upsalia (Latin), Upsalo (Esperanto) |
| Utrecht | Traiectum (Latin), Utert (Frisian), Utrecht (Afrikaans, Bahasa Indonesia, Dutch), Utreĥto (Esperanto), Utrehta (Latvian), Utrechtas (Lithuanian), Utrek (Walloon), Utreque (Portuguese), Utrech, Utrei (Limburgish), Utréhti - Ουτρέχτη (Greek) |
| Uzhhorod | Ungvár (Hungarian), Ungvir, Ingver, Yngvyr - אונגװיר (Yiddish), Ungwar (German), Ujgorod (Romanian), Uschhorod (German), Uzhgorod - Ужгород (Russian), Uzhhorod - Ужгородъ (Ruthenian), Užhorod (Slovak), Uzhhorod - Ужгород (Ukrainian), Użgorod (Polish) |
V
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Vaasa | Vaasa (Estonian, Finnish), Vasa (Swedish), Waza (Polish), Nikolainkaupunki (alternative old Finnish name), Nikolaistad (alternative old Swedish name) |
| Valencia | València (Catalan/Valencian), Valence (French), Valencia (Romanian, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish), Valência (Portuguese), Valencio or Valencujo (Esperanto), Walencja (Polish), Valensija (Belarusian, Latvian, Lithuanian), Valentia (Latin) |
| Valkenburg | Valkenburg (Dutch), Fauquemont (old French) |
| Valletta | il-Belt (colloquial Maltese), il-Belt Valletta (Maltese), Fālītā (Arabic), Valéta (Greek), La Valeta (Portuguese, Spanish), La Valette (French), La Valetta (Romanian), La Valletta (Italian, Polish, Slovak), Valeta (Latvian, Lithuanian), Valletta (Swedish) |
| Vantaa | Vanda (Swedish), Vantaa (Finnish) |
| Vaslui | Vaslui (Romanian), Vaszló (Hungarian) |
| Venice | Benátky (Czech, Slovak), Benetke (Slovene), al-Bunduqīya (Arabic), Feneyjar (Icelandic), An Veinéis (Irish), Velence (Hungarian), Venècia (Catalan), Venecia (Spanish), Venēcija (Latvian), Venecija (Bulgarian, Croatian, Serbian, Russian, Ukrainian, Lithuanian), Veneco (Esperanto), Venedig (Danish, German, Swedish), Venedik (Turkish), Veneetsia (Estonian), Venetía - Βενετία (Greek), Veneţia (Romanian), Venetië (Afrikaans, Dutch), Venetsia (Finnish), Veneza (Portuguese), Venezia (Italian), Venise (French), Venetsye - װענעציע (Yiddish), Wenecja (Polish), Venetië/ Venies (Limburgish) |
| Verdun | Verdun (French, Romanian), Wirten (old German) |
| Verona | Verona (Italian, Latvian, Romanian), Bern (old German) |
| Vienna | Beč (Croatian, Serbian), Bécs (Hungarian), Dunaj (Slovene), Fienna (Welsh), Vena (Russian), Vīne (Latvian), Vídeň (Czech, Ukrainian), Vidnya (Romany), Viedeň (Slovak), Viena (Belarusian, Catalan, Lithuanian, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish), Vienna (Italian), Vienne (French), Viénni - Βιέννη (Greek), Vieno (Esperanto), Viin (Estonian), Vin - װין (Yiddish), Vín (Irish), Vina - וינה (Hebrew), Vindobona (Latin), Viyana (Turkish), Wenen (Afrikaans, Dutch), Wiedeń (Polish), Wien (Finnish, German, Swedish), Wīn - ウィーン (Japanese) |
| Vileyka | Vilejka - Вілейка (Belarusian), Vilejka - Вилейка (Russian), Wilejka (Polish, German) |
| Viljandi | Fellin (former German), Felloin (former French), Viljandi (Estonian, German, Swedish), Vīlande (Latvian) |
| Villach | Bělák (Czech), Beljak (Slovene), Bilachium (Latin), Villach (German), Villaco (Italian) |
| Vilnius | Filniyūs (Arabic), Vėlnios (Samogitian), Vilna (Italian, Spanish, Slovene, Finnish, Norwegian, old Romanian variant, Russian), Vilne - װילנע (Yiddish), Vilnius (Romanian, Swedish), Viļņa (Latvian), Vilnia - Вільня (Belarusian), Vil'njus (Russian, Ukrainian), Vilnjus (Serbian), Vilno (Czech, Russian), Wilna (German), Wilno (Polish) |
| Vinohradiv | Nagyszöllös (Hungarian), Vinohradiv - Віноградів (Ukrainian) |
| Vipiteno | Sterzing (German), Vipiteno (Italian), Stérzen or Sterzinga (former Italian) |
| Visé | Visé (French), Wezet (Dutch) |
| Vitoria | Gasteiz (Basque), Vitoria (Spanish), Vitória (Portuguese), Vitorija (Lithuanian) |
| Vitsyebsk | Viciebsk/Vitsyebsk - Віцебск (Belarusian), Vitebsk (Romanian), Vitebsk - Витебск (Russian), Vitebsk - װיטעבסק (Yiddish), Vitebska (Latvian), Vitebskas (Lithuanian), Witebsk (Polish) |
| Vladikavkaz | Ordzhonikidze (former name 1932-1944 and 1954-1990), Dzaudzhikau (former name 1944-1954), Uladzikaŭkaz - Уладзікаўказ (Belarusian), Vladikaukāza (Latvian), Vladikaukazas (Lithuanian), Władykaukaz (Polish) |
| Vlorë | Vlorë / Vlora (Albanian), Valona (Italian, Serbian), Aulonas - Αυλώνας (Greek), Avlonya (Turkish) |
| Vodnjan | Vodnjan (Croatian), Dignano (Italian) |
| Volodymyr-Volynsky | Volodymyr-Volynsky / Volodymyr-Volynskyi / Volodymyr-Volyns'kyi - Володимир-Волинський (Ukrainian), Włodzimierz Wołyński (Polish) |
| Volgograd | Stalingrad (former name 1925-1961), Tsaritsyn (former name), Wołgograd (Polish), Carycyn (former Polish), Volgograd (Romanian, Slovene), Volgogrado (Portuguese, Spanish), Wolgograd (German), Estalinegrado (former Portuguese), Estalingrado (former Spanish), Stalingrado (former Italian), Volgograda (Latvian), Volgogradas (Lithuanian) |
| Vyborg | Viiburi (Estonian), Viipuri (Finnish), Viborg (Dutch, Swedish), Vīborga (Latvian), Wiburg (German), Wyborg (Polish) |
W
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Wangen | Vanky (Czech), Wangen (German) |
| Waremme | Waremme (French), Borgworm (Dutch), Warème / Wareme (Walloon) |
| Warsaw | Vársá (Irish), Varšava (Latvian), Varšava - Варшава (Belarusian, Czech, Croatian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Ukrainian), Varsavia (Italian), Varshe - װאַרשע (Yiddish), Varsjá (Icelandic), Varsó (Hungarian), Varsova (Finnish), Varşova (Turkish), Varsovia (Latin, Spanish), Varsovía - Βαρσοβία (Greek), Varsóvia (Portuguese), Varşovia (Romanian), Varsovie (French), Varsovio (Esperanto), Varssavi (Estonian), Varšuva (Lithuanian), Warsawa (Bahasa Indonesia), Warschau (Dutch, German), Wārsū (Arabic), Warszawa (Danish, Polish, Swedish), Warushawa - ワルシャワ (Japanese) |
| Waterford | Port Láirge (Irish) Vaterfjord (Old Norse) |
| Waver | Wavre (French), Waver (Dutch), Auve / Wåve (Walloon) |
| Weimar | Výmar or Vejmar (Czech), Weimar (Bahasa Indonesia, German, Romanian), Veimāra (Latvian), Veimaras (Lithuanian) |
| Wejherowo | Neustadt in Westpreußen (German), Wejherowo (Polish), Wejherowska Wola (former name) |
| Wexford | Loch Garman (Irish) |
| Wicklow | Cill Mhantáin (Irish) |
| Winchester | Caerwynt (Welsh) |
| Wolgast | Wolgast (German), Wołogoszcz (Polish) |
| Worcester | Caerwrangon (Welsh) |
| Worms | Vermayze װערמײַזע (Yiddish), Wormacja (Polish), Wormazia (former Italian), Vormsa (Latvian), Worms (German, Romanian) |
| Wrocław | Boroszló (Hungarian), Breslau (former Danish, former Dutch, German, former Norwegian, former Romanian, former Swedish), Braslavia (old Romanian), Breslavia (Italian), Vratislav (Czech), Vratislavia / Wratislavia / Wracislavia (Latin), Vratislav / Vroclav (Slovak, Serbian), Vroclava (Latvian), Vroclavas (Lithuanian), Wroclaw (Finnish, Romanian, Slovene), Wrocław (Polish, Swedish), Urocłaŭ - Уроцлаў (Belarusian) |
| Würzburg | Wörzborg (Low Saxon), Würzburg (German), Wurzbourg (French), Wurzburgo (Spanish) |
Y
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Yalta | Ialta (Romanian), Jalta (Latvian, Swedish), Jałta (Polish, Lithuanian), Yalta (Crimean Tatar, Turkish, English), Yalta - Ялта (Russian, Ukrainian) |
| Yekaterinburg | Jekaterinburg (Serbian, Finnish, German, Slovene, Swedish), Jekaterynburg (Polish), Ekaterinbourg (French), Ekaterinburg (Romanian), Ekaterimburgo (Spanish), Sverdlovsk (former name),Jekaterinburga (Latvian), Jekaterinburgas (Lithuanian) |
| Yerevan | Erevan (French, English [rare], Romanian, Slovene), Ereván (Spanish), Erevāna (Latvian), Erewań (Polish), Erivan (Turkish), Erywań (former Polish), Jerevan (Czech, Finnish, Russian, Ukrainian, Slovak, Serbian, Swedish), Jereván (Hungarian), Jerevanas (Lithuanian), Jerewan / Eriwan (German), Yerevan (Bahasa Indonesia), Yirīfān (Arabic) |
| York | Caerefrog / Efrog (Welsh), Eabhrac (Irish), Eboracum (Latin), Efrawg (Breton, Cornish), Iorc (Scots Gaelic), Jorvik (ancient Scandinavian), Jórvík (Icelandic), Jork (Polish), Jorko (Esperanto), Jorka (Latvian), Jorkas (Lithuanian) |
| Ypres | Ieper (Dutch), Ypres (French, Romanian), Ypern (German), Ipro (Esperanto) |
Z
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Zabrze | Hindenburg (German 1915-1945), Zabrze (Polish) |
| Zadar | Zara (Italian), Zára (Hungarian), Zadar (Croatian), Zadara (Latvian), Zadaras (Lithuanian) |
| Zagreb | Zaġrib (Arabic), Záhřeb (Czech), Záhreb (Slovak), Agram (former German), Zágráb (Hungarian), Zagabria (Italian), Zagrzeb (Polish), Zagreb (Bahasa Indonesia, Romanian, Slovene, Swedish), Zagrep (Turkish), Zahreb (Ukrainian), Zâgreb (Serbian), Zagrebo (Esperanto), Zagreba (Latvian), Zagrebas (Lithuanian) |
| Zeebrugge | Seebrügge (German), Zeebruges (French) |
| Železnice | Eisenstadtl / Eisenstadtel (German). Železnice (Czech) |
| Zhytomyr | Jitomir (Romanian), Zhitomir - Житомир (Russian), Zhitomir - זשיטאָמיר (Yiddish), Zhytomyr Житомир (Ukrainian), Żytomierz (Polish), Žytomir - Жытомір (Belarusian) |
| Zielona Góra | Grünberg (German), Mons Viridis (Latin), Zielona Góra (Polish) |
| Zittau | Žitava (Czech), Zittau (German), Żytawa (Polish) |
| Zlín | Gottwaldov (former name) |
| Znamensk | Vėluva (Lithuanian), Wehlau (German), Welawa (Polish), Znamensk (Russian) |
| Znojmo | Znaim (German), Znojmo (Polish, Czech, Slovak) |
| Zolochiv | Złoczew or Złoczów (Polish), Zlotshev - זלאָטשעװ (Yiddish), Zolochev (Russian), Золочів/Zolochiv (Ukrainian) |
| Zug | Zoug (French), Zug (German, Romansh), Zugo (Italian) |
| Zurich | Chūrih(h)i - チューリ(ッ)ヒ, Cirih (Serbian), Cīrihe (Latvian), Ciūrichas (Lithuanian), Ciurych - Цюрых (Belarusian), Cjurikh (Russian, Ukrainian), Curiĥo (Esperanto), Curych (Czech), Turitg (Romansh), Zurich (French), Zürich (Estonian, German, Finnish, Romanian, Slovene, Swedish), Zúrich (Spanish), Zurigo (Italian), Zürih (Turkish), Zūrīk (Arabic), Zurique (Portuguese), Zurych (Polish), Zyríkhi - Ζυρίχη (Greek) |
| Zwickau | Cvikov (Czech), Zwickau (German) |
See also:
- List of cities in the Americas with alternative names
- List of countries and capitals in native languages
- List of alternative country names
- List of country names in various languages
- List of Latin place names in Europe
- List of European regions with alternative names
- List of European rivers with alternative names
- List of cities in Switzerland
- List of towns in Slovakia
- List of cities in Serbia and Montenegro
- List of cities in Albania
- Place names in Irish
- List of places