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Vladimir Nabokov

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category:People Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov (Владимир Владимирович Набоков) (April 10 O.S. [April 22/23 N.S.], 1899 - July 2, 1977), author, lepidopterist and chess problemist.

Brief biography

The eldest son of Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov, he was born in St. Petersburg, Russia. He is noted for his complex plots and clever word play. He gained both fame and notoriety with his novel Lolita (1955), which tells of a grown man's consummated passion for a 12-year-old girl. This and his other novels, particularly Pale Fire (1962) won him a place among the greatest novelists of the 20th century. In 2001, Lolita and Pale Fire were both on the list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century as selected by the editorial board of the American Modern Library. Perhaps his defining work, which met with a mixed response, is his longest novel, Ada or Ardor: A Family Chronicle. He devoted more time to the construction of this novel than any of his others. Nabokov's fiction is characterized by its linguistic playfulness. Nabokov's best-known short story, "The Vane Sisters", is famous in part for its acrostical final paragraph, in which the first letters of each word spell out a ghostly message from beyond the grave.

Nabokov was a synaesthete and described aspects of synaesthesia in several of his works.

Nabokov's stature as a literary critic is founded largely on his four volume translation of and commentary on Aleksandr Pushkin's Russian soul epic Eugene Onegin. That commentary ended with an appendix called Notes on Prosody which has developed a reputation of its own. This essay stemmed from his observation that while Pushkin's iambic tetrameters had been a part of Russian literature for a fairly short two centuries, they were clearly understood by the Russian prosodists. On the other hand, he viewed the much older English iambic tetrameters as muddled and poorly documented. In his own words:

"I have been forced to invent a simple little terminology of my own, explain its application to English verse forms, and indulge in certain rather copious details of classification before even tackling the limited object of these notes to my translation of Pushkin's Eugene Onegin, an object that boils down to very little -- in comparison to the forced preliminaries -- namely, to a few things that the non-Russian student of Russian literature must know in regard to Russian prosody in general and to Eugene Onegin in particular."

His career as a lepidopterist was equally distinguished. Throughout an extensive career of collecting he never learned to drive a car, and he depended on his wife Vera to bring him to collecting sites. During the 1940s he was responsible for organizing the butterfly collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University. His writings in this area were highly technical. This combined with his specialty in the relatively unspectacular tribe Polyommatini of the family Lycaenidae has left this facet of his life unknown to the broad range of his literary fans. For more on this see Dieter Zimmer's "A Guide to Nabokov's Butterflies and Moths", Berlin, 2001.

His first writings were in the Russian language, but he came to his greatest distinction in the English language. For this achievement, he has been compared with Joseph Conrad (some view as a dubious comparison, as Conrad only composed in English, never in his native Polish). Nabokov translated many of his early works into English, sometimes in cooperation with his son Dmitri Nabokov. His trilingual upbringing (English, Russian and French) had a profound influence on his artistry.

Birthday

His date of birth was April 10, 1899, by the Julian calendar. The Gregorian equivalent was then April 22, but it changed to April 23 in 1900, while Russia did not adopt the Gregorian calendar until 1918. Accordingly, his date of birth may correctly be considered as April 22, as some sources show, but April 23 is the birthday that he actually observed.

Vladimir Nabokov died in Montreux, Switzerland.

List of Works

Fiction

  • Mashen'ka (Машенька, 1926); English translation: Mary (1970)
  • Korol' Dama Valet (Король, дама, валет, 1928); English translation: King Queen Knave (1968)
  • Zashchita Luzhina (Защита Лужина, 1930); English translation: The Defense (or The Defence)(1964) (also made into a movie, The Luzhin Defence, in 2001)
  • Podvig (Подвиг, 1932); English translation: Glory (1971)
  • Kamera Obskura (Камера Обскура, 1932); English translations: Camera Obscura (1936), Laughter in the Dark (1938)
  • Otchayanie (Отчаяние, 1936); English translation: Despair (1937, 1966)
  • Priglasheniye na kazn' (Приглашение на казнь, 1938); English translation: Invitation to a Beheading (1959)
  • Dar (Дар, 1937/8, 1952); English translation: The Gift (1963)
  • The Real Life of Sebastian Knight (1941)
  • Bend Sinister (1947)
  • Conclusive Evidence (1951)
  • Drugie Berega (Другие берега); English translation: Other Shores (1954)
  • Lolita (1955, self-translated into Russian, 1965)
  • Pnin (1957)
  • Pale Fire (1962)
  • Ada or Ardor: A Family Chronicle (1969)
  • Transparent Things (1972)
  • Look at the Harlequins (1974)
  • The Stories of Vladimir Nabokov (1995)

Poems, short stories.

Translations

From Russian into English:

From English into Russian

Criticism

Lepidoptery

  • Nabokov's Butterflies, collected works on butterflies. ISBN 0807085405

Miscellaneous

  • Poems and Problems (a collection of poetry and chess problems)
  • Speak, Memory: An Autobiography Revisited (1967) is a revised edition of Conclusive Evidence. It includes information on his work as a lepidopterist.
  • Nabokov's Congeries (1968) -- reviewed by Anthony Burgess
  • Selected Letters (1989)


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