Clavius (crater)
Template:Lunar crater data image Clavius is one of the largest crater formations on the Moon, and it is the third largest crater on the visible near side. It is located in the rugged southern highlands of the moon, to the south of the prominent Tycho crater. Due to the location of the crater toward the southern limb, the crater appears oblong due to foreshortening. Because of its great size, Clavius can be detected with the unaided eye. It appears as a prominent notch in the terminator about 1-2 days after the Moon reaches first quarter.
Notable nearby craters include Scheiner to the west; Blancanus to the southwest; Maginus in the northeast, and Longomontanus to the northwest. The Rutherfurd crater lies entirely within the southeastern rim, while Porter crater overlays the northeast wall. The smaller crater Clavius L lies across the western rim, and Clavius K breaks through the west-southwest rim.
The crater is one of the older formations on the lunar surface and was likely formed during the Nectarian period about 4 billion years ago. Despite its age, however, the crater is relatively well-preserved. It has a relatively low outer wall in comparison to their size, and it is heavily worn and pock-marked by craterlets. The rim does not significantly overlook the surrounding terrain, making this a "walled depression". The inner surface of the rim is hilly, notched, and varies in width, with the steepest portion in the south end. Overall the rim has been observed to have a somewhat polygonal outline.
The floor of the crater forms a convex plain that is marked by some interesting crater impacts. The most notable of these is a curving chain of craters that begin with Rutherfurd in the south, then arc across the floor in a counterclockwise direction forming a sequence of ever diminishing diameters. From largest to smallest, these craters are designated Clavius D, C, N, J, and JA. This sequence of diminishing craters has proved a useful tool for amateur astronomers that want to test the resolution of their small telescopes.
The crater floor retains a diminshed remnant of a central massif, which lies between Clavius C and N. The relative smoothness of the floor and the low size of the central peaks may indicate that the crater surface was formed some time after the original impact.
Clavius was featured in the movie 2001: A Space Odyssey as the site of a lunar administrative base.
Satellite craters
By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater mid-point that is closest to Clavius crater.
| Clavius | Latitude | Longitude | Diameter |
|---|---|---|---|
| C | 57.7° S | 14.2° W | 21 km |
| D | 58.8° S | 12.4° W | 28 km |
| E | 51.5° S | 12.6° W | 16 km |
| F | 55.4° S | 21.9° W | 7 km |
| G | 52.0° S | 13.9° W | 17 km |
| H | 51.9° S | 15.8° W | 34 km |
| J | 58.1° S | 18.1° W | 12 km |
| K | 60.4° S | 19.8° W | 20 km |
| L | 58.7° S | 21.2° W | 24 km |
| M | 54.8° S | 11.9° W | 44 km |
| N | 57.5° S | 16.5° W | 13 km |
| O | 56.8° S | 16.4° W | 4 km |
| P | 57.0° S | 7.7° W | 10 km |
| R | 53.1° S | 15.4° W | 7 km |
| T | 60.4° S | 14.9° W | 9 km |
| W | 55.8° S | 16.0° W | 6 km |
| X | 60.0° S | 17.6° W | 7 km |
| Y | 57.8° S | 16.0° W | 7 km |
References
