Pausanias of Orestis
Pausanias of Orestis was a member of Philip II of Macedon's somatophylakes, his personal bodyguard. He assassinated Philip in 336 BC, possibly at the instigation of Philip's wife Olympias, or even his son Alexander the Great. He was immediately captured and killed. The most popular story explaining the murder comes from Cleitarchus and Diodorus Siculus, who expanded upon its mention by Aristotle. According to them, the general Attalus blamed Pausanias for the death of his nephew (also named Pausanias), and raped him. As a consolation, Philip promoted Pausanias to the rank of somatophylax yet never punished Attalus, who remained in good graces.
Pausanias killed Philip at a public ceremony, and as he tried to flee, was run down and killed by Attalus, Leonnatus, and Perdiccas, who were also bodyguards. Alexander had Pausanias's corpse crucified, but as soon as he had left Macedon, Olympias built a memorial to the slain man. The murder was certainly premeditated, as horses were found near where Pausanias had fled. At the murder trial, two other men, Heromenes and Arrhabaeus, were found guilty of conspiracy with Pausanias, and executed. Leonnatus, who threw the spear that killed Pausanias, was demoted, possibly under suspicion he was trying to prevent him from being interrogated.