Milan

This is about the Italian city of Milan. For other uses, see Milan (disambiguation).

Milan (Milano in the Italian language, and Milán in Milanese dialect, from Latin, Mediolanum with the meaning of 'in the middle of the plain') is the main city in northern Italy, and is located in the plains of Lombardy, one of the most developed Italian regions. It has about 1.3 million inhabitants, but the urban area totals about 4 million. It is the capital of the region and is by some defined as the economic capital of Italy. It has for many centuries been recorded as Mailand, which is still the German name of the city today.

A vegetable shop in central Milan with a sign in Milanese, the local dialect, claiming to be 'the oldest vegetable-seller of Milan' (l'ortolán püŝee vêcc de Milan)

Its province lies in the western part of Lombardy; it covers an area of 1,982 sq. km and has a population of 3,707,210 (2001 census); in 1991 the population was 3,738,685. The province comprises 188 communes, ranging in population (2001) from (obviously) Milan (1,256,211) to Nosate (638); the commune of Milan has lost 113,084 inhabitants (8,3%), from 1991 to 2001.

The town is famous for fashion firms and shops (via Montenapoleone) and the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele on the Piazza del Duomo, reputed to be the world's oldest shopping mall. Another famed product of the city is the traditional sweet cake called panettone.

Commerce and Industry

Milan is the centre of many financial businesses, and its hinterland is an avant-garde industrial area.

Famous companies in Milan:

Culture and Sport

Milan is the most important town in the world for Opera lirica, with its famous Teatro alla Scala (La Scala, theatre). The Biblioteca Ambrosiana contains drawings and notebooks by Leonardo da Vinci among its vast holdings of books, manuscripts and drawings, one of the main repositories of European culture. The city is also the home of the Brera Academy of Fine Arts. The Bocconi University was founded in Milan in 1902.

The main monuments and museums include the Gothic cathedral (the famous Duomo di Milano), the Romanesque church of Sant' Ambrogio (St. Ambrose, patron saint of the city), the church of Santa Maria delle Grazie (where Leonardo's Last Supper fresco is located), the Sforza Castle, the Brera Museum, the Poldi-Pezzoli Museum and the Central Station.

The city is home to two of the most famous football teams in the world, A.C. Milan and Internazionale F.C., and the famous Monza Formula One circuit is located in the suburbs.

Transport

Milan has three subway lines (red, green, and yellow line)

Milan has a large international airport known as Malpensa International Airport, which is located in Varese, Italy.

It also has the Linate Airport in the actual city limits, and the Orio al Serio International Airport in Bergamo, for Europe traffic.

History

It is presumed Milan was originally founded by the Celts of Northern Italy around 600 BC and was conquered by the Romans around 222 BC, who gave it the name of Mediolanum. In the 4th century A.D., at the time of the bishop Saint Ambrose and emperor Theodosius I, the city became for a short time the capital of the Western Roman Empire.

After the Ostrogothic and Lombard periods, the city re-gained its importance in the 11th century and led other Italian cities in gaining semi-independence from the Holy Roman Empire. During the Plague of 1349 Milan was one of the few places in Europe that was not touched by the epidemic. During the Renaissance Milan was ruled by dukes of the Visconti and Sforza families, who had artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Bramante at their service. After trying to conquer the rest of northern Italy in the 15th century, Milan was conquered by France, and then by Spain, in the early 16th century.

In the 18th century Austria replaced Spain as Milan's overlord, but during the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars, which saw the city annexed into the French satellite states of the Cisalpine Republic, which itself became the Kingdom of Italy. After the end of the wars, the city became one of the main centers of Italian nationalism, reclaiming independence and the unification of Italy.

In 1859 (after the second of the Wars of Italian Independence) Austrian rule was ended by the kingdom of Sardinia (which transformed into the kingdom of Italy in 1861).

Being a critical industrial centre of Italy, Milan was target of continuos carpet bombing during World War II. The city was bombed even after Pietro Badoglio surrendered to the allied forces in 1943. In fact Milan was part of Mussolini's puppet state Italian Social Republic and an important command centre of the German Army stationed in Italy. When war in Italy was finally over, August 25, 1945, Milan was heavily damaged and entire neighborhoods like Precotto and Turro were radically destroyed. After the war the city was reconstructed and became again an important financial and industrial centre of Italy. See also: Rulers of Milan

Twinning

Milan is twinned with :

External links

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