Cartomancy
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Cartomancy is a form of fortune-telling or divination using a deck of cards. The practice of cartomancy has been observed since playing cards first came into use in Europe in the 14th century. Practitioners of cartomancy are generally known as cartomancers, card readers or, simply, readers. Some practitioners have claimed that cartomancy's origins date back to ancient Egyptian times, the art being derived from wisdom given to the ancient Egyptians by the scribe-god Thoth, although this belief is by no means common today.
Cartomancy using standard playing cards was the most popular form of providing "fortune telling" card readings in the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. In English-speaking countries, a standard deck of Anglo-American bridge/poker playing cards (i.e. 52-card, four suit set) can be used in the cartomancy reading. In France, the 32-card piquet playing card deck was, and still is, most typically used in cartomancy readings, while the 52-card deck was, and still is, also used for this purpose. (For a piquet deck, start with a 52-card deck and remove all of the 2s through the 6s. This leaves all of the 7s through the 10s, the face cards, and the aces.)
In recent years, however, the popularity of Tarot readings have diminished to a certain degree the popularity of the once-common cartomancy readings using standard playing cards.
According to tradition, a deck that is used for cartomancy should not be used for any other purpose. It should be treated as a tool and cared for accordingly. Some cartomancers also feel that the cards should never be touched by anyone other than their owner.
Methods of Cartomancy
Although a standard card deck is used for cartomancy, many other decks have also been designed that are intended specifically for use for divination, the best known of which are Tarot decks. According to the Aeclectic Tarot, any deck that is not a Tarot deck is referred to simply as a "cartomancy deck"; however any use of cards in this way is still cartomancy.
The Tarot deck differs somewhat from the standard deck used for cartomancy. The Tarot deck consists of 22 Major Arcana cards, and 56 Minor Arcana cards (Arcana means "hidden things"). Each Minor Arcana suit consists of 4 court cards (usually king, queen, knight and page) along with 10 numbered, or pip, cards. The fifty-six minor cards are similar to the regular deck of playing cards most people know today, while the Major Arcana are present only in the Tarot deck.
Playing Card Suit and Tarot Suit Equivalents:
- Spades = Swords (intellect; education) Wind element
- Hearts = Cups (emotions) Water element
- Diamonds = Coins or disks, aka Pentacles (health; material matters) Earth element
- Clubs = Wands, aka Batons (power) Fire element
- It should be noted that the suits "Swords" and "Wands" are disputed between cartomancers, especially those that follow a Pagan path that believes each suit belongs to a special element of nature. Some consider the suits, Swords and Wands, to be switched in their meanings.
Despite its heretical reputation, the best known Tarot deck, Rider-Waite, includes a great deal of Judaic and Christian symbolism, from the Torah to the Pope. The symbolism in the Tarot marries this symbolism with astrological, numerological and Egyptian and Kabbalistic symbolism.
Criticism
Cartomancy along with other forms of divination are dismissed by most scientists as lacking in any evidence. See for example the work of the Australian Skeptics and CSICOP.