List of names of European cities in different languages
Most cities in Europe have alternative names in different languages. Some cities have also undergone name changes for political or other reasons. This article attempts to give all known alternative names for all major European cities. It also includes some smaller towns that are important because of their location or history.
For the purposes of this article, Europe includes Turkey, Cyprus and all the republics of the former Soviet Union. A number of important Mediterranean Basin cities are also included.
This article does not offer any opinion about what the "original", "official", "real", or "correct" name of any city is or was. Cities are listed alphabetically by their current best-known name in English. The English version is followed by variants in other languages, in alphabetical order by name, and then by any historical variants and former names.
Foreign names that are the same as their English equivalents may be listed, to provide an answer to the question "What is that name in..."?.
A
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Aabenraa | Åbenrå (Danish), Apenrade (German) |
| Aachen | Aix-la-Chapelle (French), Aken (Dutch), Akwizgran (Polish), Aquisgrà (Catalan), Aquisgrán (Spanish), Aquisgrana (Italian, Portuguese), Cáchy (Czech) |
| Adrianople | Adrianopla (Portuguese), Adrianopel (German), Adrianopol (Polish, Romanian, Slovak), Adrianopole (Romanian), Adrianopolis (Czech, Dutch), Adrianopoli (Italian), Adhrianúpolis - Αδριανούπολις (Greek), Drinápoly (Hungarian), Drinopol (variant in Czech and Slovak), Edirne (Czech, Dutch, Serbian, Slovak, Turkish), Hadrianople (variant in English), Odrin (Bulgarian) |
| Albacete | Albacete (Spanish), al-Basīt (Arabic) |
| Alexandroupolis | Alexandhrúpolis - Αλεξανδρούπολις (Greek), Alexandropolis (Dutch), Dedeağaç (Turkish) |
| Algeciras | Algeciras (Spanish), al-Jazīra (Arabic) |
| Algiers | Algeri (Italian), Alger (French, Romanian), Algier (German, Polish), Algiers (Dutch), al-Jazā'ir (Arabic), Alžir (Serbian), Argel (Portuguese, Spanish), Cezayir (Turkish) |
| Alicante | Akra Leuke (Ancient Greek), Alacant (Catalan), Alicante (Spanish), al-Laqant (Arabic), Lucentum (Latin) |
| Almaty | Alma-Ata (Dutch, Portuguese, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Turkish), Ałma Ata (Polish), Almaty (Kazakh) |
| Amsterdam | Amstardām (Arabic), Amsterdam (Dutch, French, Italian, Polish), Amsterdão (Portuguese), Amsterodam (Czech), Amszterdam (Hungarian), Aemstelredamme / Amstelredam (old Dutch names) |
| Ankara | Ancara (Portuguese), Ancyra (Latin), Angora (former English name, Italian [obs.]), Ankara (Polish, Turkish), Ánkira - Άγκυρα (Greek), Anqara (Arabic) |
| Anklam | Anklam (German), Nakło nad Pianą (Polish) |
| Antioch | Antakya (Turkish), Antioche (French), Antiochia (Italian, German, Polish, Slovak), Antiochie (Czech), Antiokia (Finnish), Antioquía (Portuguese, Spanish) |
| Antwerp | Amberes (Spanish), Amvérsa - Αμβέρσα (Greek), Antuérpia (Portuguese), Antverpen (Russian, Serbian, Ukrainian), Antverpene (Latvian), Antverpy (Czech, Slovak), Antwīrb (Arabic), Antwerpen (Dutch, Finnish, German), Antwerpia (Polish), Anvers (French), Anversa (Italian) |
| Aquileia | Akwileja (Polish), Aquileia (Italian), Aquileja (German), Oglej (Slovene) |
| Archangel | Arcángel (Spanish), Archangelsk (German), Archangielsk (Polish), Arhanđel (Serbian), Arhanghelsk (Romanian), Arkangeli (Finnish), Arkhangel'sk (Russian) |
| Arnhem | Arnheim (German), Arnhem (Dutch, Polish), Arnhim (Frisian) |
| Aschaffenburg | Aschaffenburg (German), Aschaffenburgo (Spanish) |
| Ashkhabad | Ašchabád (Czech, Slovak), Aschchabad / Aschgabad / Aschgabat (German), Ašgabat (Finnish), Aşgabat (Turkish), Aşhabad (Romanian), Ašhabad (Serbian), Ashgabat (Turkmen), Ashkhabad (Russian), Ashxobod (Uzbek), Asjchabad (Dutch), Aszchabad (Polish), Išq Ābād (Arabic) |
| Assisi | Ascesi (medieval Italian), Asís (Spanish), Assis (Portuguese), Assise (French), Assisi (Dutch, German, Italian), Asyż (Polish) |
| Astana | Akmolinsk (Russian), Akmola (Finnish), Akmola (variant in Russian), Akmoła (former Polish), Aqmola (former Kazakh), Astana (Kazakh, Polish), Tselinograd (former Russian) |
| Athens | Afiny (Russian, Ukrainian), Ateena (Finnish), Aten (Norwegian, Swedish), Atena (Croatian, Romanian), Atenas (Portuguese, Spanish), Atēnas (Latvian), Atene (Italian), Atenes (Catalan), Atény (Czech, Slovak), Ateny (Polish), Athen (Danish, German, Norwegian), Athén (Hungarian), Aþena (Icelandic), Athene (Dutch), Athènes (French), Athény (alternative Czech name), Athína - Αθήνα (Greek), Atīnā (Arabic), Atina (Bulgarian, Serbian, Turkish) |
| Augsburg | Augsbourg (French), Augsburg (German, Polish), Augsburgo (Spanish), Augšpurk / Aušpurk (Czech), Augusta (Italian), Oogsborg (Low Saxon) |
| Avignon | Avenio (Latin), Avignon (French), Avignone (Italian), Avinhão (Portuguese), Awinion (Polish) |
B
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Baku | Bakoe (Dutch), Bakou (French), Bākū (Arabic), Bakü (Turkish) |
| Bar (Montenegro) | Antivari (Italian), Bar (Croatian, Serbian); Dioclea or Doclea (Latin; ancient city nearby), Duklja (Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian; same ancient city and medieval state) |
| Barcelona | Barcellona (Italian), Barcelona (Spanish), Barcelone (French), Barcino (Latin), Barna (Spanish abbreviation), Baršalūna (Arabic), Barselona (Russian, Serbian, Turkish, Ukrainian), Varkelóni - Βαρκελόνη (Greek) |
| Basel | Bâle (French), Basilea (Italian, Romansh, Spanish), Basileia (Portuguese), Basilej (Czech), Basle (variant in English), Bazel (Dutch), Bázel (Hungarian), Bazel' (Russian, Serbian, Ukrainian), Bāzil (Arabic), Bazilej (Slovak), Bazylea (Polish), Vasilía - Βασιλεία (Greek) |
| Bath | Aquae Sulis (Latin), Baðum / Baðan / Baðon (Anglo-Saxon) |
| Bautzen | Budyšín (Czech, Slovak, Sorbian/Lusatian), Budziszyn (Polish) |
| Bela Crkva | Bela Crkva (Serbian), Biała Cerkiew (Polish), Bílá Cerevek (Czech) |
| Belfast | Béal Feirste (Irish) |
| Belford | Beffert (German), Befert (old German) |
| Belgrade | Bělehrad (Czech), Belehrad (Slovak), Belgrad (Bulgarian, Finnish, German, Macedonian, Polish, Romanian, Russian, Turkish), Belgrád (Hungarian), Belgrada (Latvian), Belgrado (Dutch, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Beograd (Croatian, Danish), Beograd - Београд (Serbian), Bilġrād (Arabic), Bjelhrad (Ukrainian), Nándorfehérvár (former Hungarian), Singidunum (Latin), Velighrádhi (Greek) |
| Berat | Berat / Berati (Albanian), Albánský Bělehrad (Czech) |
| Bergen (Norway) | Bergen (Norwegian), Björgvin (Icelandic) |
| Berlin | Barlīn (Arabic), Berliin (Estonian), Berliini (Finnish), Berlijn (Dutch), Berlim (Portuguese), Berlín (Czech, Icelandic, Slovak, Spanish), Berlin (Croatian, Danish, German, Hungarian, Norwegian, Romanian, Swedish), Berlīne (Latvian), Berlino (Italian, Esperanto), Berlyn (Afrikaans, Frisian), Verolíno (Greek) |
| Berne | Bern (Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, German, Russian, Slovak, Turkish, Ukrainian), Berna (Italian, Romanian, Romansh, Spanish), Berno (Polish), Vérni - Βέρνη (Greek) |
| Białowieża | Bělověž (Czech), Białowieża (Polish) |
| Bilbao | Bilbao (Spanish), Bilbau (Portuguese), Bilbo (Basque), El Botxo or El Bocho (Spanish nickname) |
| Bishkek | Bichkek (French), Bischkek (German), Biškek (Finnish, Serbian), Bişkek (Romanian, Turkish), Biszkek (Polish); Frunze (former name) |
| Bischofswerda | Bischofswerda (German), Biskupice (Polish) |
| Bologna | Bologna (Italian, Romanian), Bologne (French), Boloňa (Czech), Bolonha (Portuguese), Bolonia (Polish, Spanish), Bolonja (Serbian), Bolonya (Turkish) |
| Bolzano | Bolzano (Italian), Bozen (German) |
| Bordeaux | Bordeaux (French), Bordèu (Gascon), Bordéus (Portuguese), Bordozo (Esperanto), Burdeos (Spanish), Burdigala (Latin) |
| Bonn | Bona (Portuguese), Bonna or Castrum Bonnense (Latin), Vóni - Βόννη (Greek) |
| Braniewo | Braniewo (Polish), Braunsberg (German), Brus (Old Prussian) |
| Brasov | Braşov (Romanian), Brassó (Hungarian), Braszów (Polish), Kronstadt (German), Stephanópolis (Greek) |
| Bratislava | Bratislava - Братислава (Bulgarian), Bratislava (Czech, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Swedish), Bratyslava (Ukrainian), Bratysława (Polish), Pozsony (Hungarian), Presbourg (French till 1919), Pressburg (variant in German), Prešporok (Slovak till 1919) [Note: The name was officially changed from Pressburg/Prešporok/Pozsony to Bratislava in 1919; for a list of older names see Bratislava] |
| Břeclav | Břeclav (Czech), Lundenburg (German) |
| Bremen | Bréma (Hungarian), Brema (Italian, Polish, Spanish), Brême (French), Bremen (Afrikaans, Croatian, Danish, Estonian, Frisian, German, Portuguese, Norwegian, Romanian, Swedish), Brémy (Czech, Slovak), Brimarborg (Icelandic), Vrémi (Greek) |
| Bremerhaven | Bremerhaven (German), Brémský Přístav (Czech) |
| Brest (Belarus) | Brest-Litovsk (former English and Russian name), Brześć Litewski (Polish), Brześć nad Bugiem (Polish 1918-1939) |
| Bristol | Caerodor (Welsh) |
| Brno | Brno (Czech), Brünn (German, Hungarian) |
| Bruges | Briž (Macedonian, Serbian), Bruges (French, Portuguese), Brugge (Dutch), Brügge (German), Bruggia (old Italian), Bruggy (Slovak), Brugia (Polish), Brugy (Czech), Brujas (Spanish), Brygge (Finnish) |
| Bruntál | Bruntal (Polish), Bruntál (Czech), Freudenthal (German) |
| Brunswick | Braunschweig (German, Slovene), Braunšvajg (Serbian), Brunšvik (Czech), Brunsvique (Portuguese), Brunswick (French, Italian, Spanish), Brunswijk (Dutch), Brunszwik (Polish) |
| Brussels | Bréissel (Luxembourgish), Brisel (Macedonian, Serbian), Brisele (Latvian), Brüksel (Turkish), Bruksela (Polish), Brūksil (Arabic), Brusel (Czech, Slovak), Brusela (Basque), Bruselas (Spanish), Bruselles (Catalan), Brussel (Dutch, Norwegian), Brüssel (German), Brusselle (Italian [obs.]), Brüsszel (Hungarian), Bruxelas (Portuguese), Bruxelles (Danish, French, Italian, Romanian), Bryssel (Danish, Finnish, Swedish), Bryuksel (Bulgarian), Bryussel (Russian, Ukrainian), Vrixéles - Βρυξέλλες (Greek) |
| Bucharest | Boekarest (Dutch), Bucarest (French, Italian, Spanish), Bucareste (Portuguese), Bucureşti (Romanian), Bukarest (Danish, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Swedish), Bukareštas (Lithuanian), Bukareste (Latvian), Bukareszt (Polish), Bukharest (Russian, Ukrainian), Bükreş (Turkish), Bukurešt (Bulgarian, Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian), Bukurešť (Czech, Slovak), Būqārist (Arabic), Voukourésti (Greek) |
| Buda (now part of Budapest) | Buda (Italian, Hungarian, Portuguese), Budín (Czech), Budin (Turkish), Ofen (German) |
| Budapest | Boedapest (Dutch), Būdābist (Arabic), Budapest (Italian, German, Hungarian), Budapešt (Russian, Ukrainian), Budapešť (Czech, Slovak), Budapešta (Bulgarian), Budapesta (Romanian), Budapeste (Portuguese), Budapeşte (Turkish), Budapeszt (Polish), Budimpešta (Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian), Voudhapésti (Greek) |
| Budweis | Budweis (German), Budziejowice (Polish), České Budějovice (Czech, Slovak) |
| Buje | Buie d'Istria (Italian), Buje (Croatian) |
| Butrint | Butrint / Butrinti (Albanian), Butrinto (Italian) |
| Buzet | Buzet (Croatian), Pinguente (Italian) |
| Bydgoszcz | Bromberg (German), Bydgostia (Latin), Bydgoszcz (Polish) |
| Bytow | Betowo (Kashubian/Pomeranian), Bütow (German), Bytów (Polish) |
C
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Cádiz | Cadice (Italian), Cádis (Portuguese), Cadix (French), Cádiz (Spanish), Gades (Ancient Greek), Gadir (Phoenician), Kadyks (Polish), Kadiz (Serbian), al-Qādis (Arabic) |
| Cagliari | Cagliari (Italian), Càller (Catalan), Casteddu (Sardinian), Kaljari (Serbian) |
| Cairo | Le Caire (French), Caïro (Dutch), Cairo (Portuguese), El Cairo (Spanish), Il Cairo (Italian), Káhira (Czech), Kair (Polish), Kairo (Bulgarian, Croatian, Finnish, German, Norwegian, Slovene, Swedish), Kairó (Hungarian), al-Qāhirah (Arabic), Maşr (local dialect name) |
| Canterbury | Caergaint (Welsh), Cantorbéry (French), Kantaraborg (Icelandic), Kantelberg (Dutch) |
| Carcassonne | Carcassona (Italian), Carcassonne (French) |
| Cardiff | Caerdydd (Welsh), Kārdifa (Latvian) |
| Carlsbad | Karlovi Vari (Bulgarian, Croatian), Karlovy Vary (Czech), Karlsbad (German, Swedish) |
| Cartagena | Cartagena (Spanish), Cartagina (Romanian), Carthago Nova (Latin), al-Qartājanna (Arabic) |
| Celje | Celeia (Latin), Celje (Slovene), Celle (German), Cille (Hungarian), Cilli (older English (1911 EB), older German), Kelea (Celtic) |
| Cetinje | Cettigne (Italian), Cetinje (Serbian) |
| Cheb | Cheb (Czech), Eger (German) |
| Chełmno | Chełmno (Polish), Culm (variant in German), Kulm (German) |
| Chemnitz | Chemnitz (German), Kamienica Saska (Polish), Saská Kamenice (Czech); Karl-Marx-Stadt (German 1953-1990) |
| Chernyakhovsk | Chernyakhovsk (Russian), Insterburg (German), Isruties (Lithuanian), Wystruc (Polish) |
| Chester | Caer (Welsh) |
| Chişinău | Chişinău (Moldovan/Romanian), Chisinau (Portuguese), Kešenev (Yiddish), Kischinew (German), Kishinjov - Кишинёв (Russian), Kīšīnāw (Arabic), Kišineu (Bulgarian), Kišiněv (Czech), Kišinjev (Serbian), Kišiňov (Slovak), Kisinyov (Hungarian), Kiszyniów (Polish), Kyšyniv (Ukrainian) |
| Chorzów | Chorzów (Polish), Králova Huť (Czech) |
| Cieszyn | Cieszyn (Polish), Teschen (German), Těšín (Czech), Tešín (Slovak) |
| Cleves | Cléveris (Spanish), Clèves (French), Kleef (Dutch), Kleve (German) |
| Cluj | Claudiopolis (Latin), Cluj-Napoca (Romanian), Klausenburg (German), Kluž (Czech, Slovak), Kluż (Polish), Kolozsvár (Hungarian) |
| Coblenz | Coblença (Portuguese), Coblence (French), Coblenza (Italian, Spanish), Koblencja (Polish), Koblenz (German, Slovene) |
| Coburg | Coburg (German), Coburgo (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish) |
| Coimbra | Coimbra (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Coimbre (French), Conimbriga (Latin), Qulumriya (Arabic) |
| Cologne | Colonia (Italian, Spanish), Colónia (Portuguese), Keln (Serbian), Kelnas (Lithianian), Keulen (Dutch), Kjol'n (Russian, Ukrainian), Kolín nad Rýnem (Czech), Kolín nad Rýnom (Slovak), Kölle (Kölsch [local dialect]), Köln (Finnish, German, Hungarian, Icelandic, Romanian, Swedish, Turkish), Kolonía (Greek), Kolonia (Polish) |
| Copenhagen | Copenaghen (Italian), Copenhaga (Portuguese, Romanian), Copenhague (French, Spanish), Hafnia (Latin), Kaupmannahöfn (Icelandic), Kobenhaven (Slovene), København (Danish, Norwegian), Kūbinhāġin (Arabic), Kodaň (Czech, Slovak), Kööpenhamina (Finnish), Kopengagen (Bulgarian, Russian), Kopenhaagen (Estonian), Kopenhag (Turkish), Kopenhaga (Polish), Kopenhagen (Croatian, Dutch, German), Kopenhāgena (Latvian), Köpenhamn (Swedish), Kopenkhági (Greek), Koppenhága (Hungarian) |
| Córdoba | Córdoba (Spanish), Cordoue (French), Còrdova (Catalan), Cordova (Italian), Córdova (Portuguese), Kordoba (Slovene), al-Qurduba (Arabic) |
| Corfu | Corcyra (Latin), Corfou (French), Corfù (Italian), Corfú (Spanish), Kérkira - Κέρκυρα (Greek), Korfu (Finnish, German, Hungarian, Polish, Slovak), Krf (Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian, Slovene) |
| Corinth | Corint (Catalan), Corinthe (French), Corinto (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Korint (Croatian, Czech, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene), Kórinta (Icelandic), Korinth (German), Korinthe (Dutch), Kórinthos - Κόρινθος (Greek), Korintti (Finnish), Korynt (Polish) |
| Cork | Corc (Welsh), Corcaigh (Irish) |
| Corunna | La Corogne (French), A Coruña (Galician), La Coruña (Spanish), Corunha (Portuguese) |
| Cottbus | Chociebuż (Polish), Chóśebuz (Sorbian), Chotěbuz (Czech) |
| Cracow | Cracovia (Italian, Spanish, Romanian), Cracóvia (Portuguese), Cracovie (French), Kraka (Yiddish), Krakau (Dutch, German), Krakiv (Ukrainian), Krakkó (Hungarian), Krakov (Croatian, Czech, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Turkish), Krakova (Finnish), Krakovía - Κρακοβία (Greek), Krakovo (Esperanto), Kraków (Polish), Krākūf (Arabic), Krokuva (Lithuanian) |
| Crecy | Crécy-en-Ponthieu (French), Kresčak (Czech) |
D
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Debrecen | Debrecen (Hungarian), Debrecín (Czech), Debreţin (Romanian) |
| Den Bosch | Bois-le-Duc (French), Bolduque (Spanish), Boscoducale (Italian [obs.]), Den Bos (Frisian), Den Bosch / 's-Hertogenbosch (Dutch), Herzogenbusch (German) |
| Dijon | Digione (Italian), Dijon (French), Diviodunum (Latin) |
| Dillingen | Dilinga (Spanish), Dillingen (German) |
| Donetsk | Doneţk (Romanian), Donetsk (Russian), Donezk (German), Donieck (Polish), Donjeck (Serbian); Stalino (former name), Yuzovka (former name) |
| Dover | Douvres (French), Duvra (Latvian) |
| Dresden | Drážďany (Czech, Slovak), Dresda (Italian, Portuguese, Romanian), Dresde (French, Spanish), Drésdi (Greek), Drezda (Hungarian), Drezno (Polish) |
| Dubrovnik | Dubrovnik (Croatian, Serbian), Ragusa (Italian) |
| Dublin | Baile Átha Cliath (Irish), Dablin (Arabic, Serbian), Dhuvlíno - Δουβλίνο (Greek), Dublim (Portuguese), Dublín (Spanish), Dublino (Italian), Dulenn (Breton), Dulyn (Welsh), Dyflinni (Icelandic) |
| Dunkirk | Dhunkérki - Δουγκέρκη (Greek), Duinkerken (Dutch), Dunkerque (French), Dunkierka (Polish), Dünkirchen (German), Dunquerque (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish) |
| Durrës | Drač (Croatian, Czech, Serbian), Durazzo (Italian), Durrës / Durrësi (Albanian) |
| Düsseldorf | Dizeldorf (Macedonian), Düsseldorf (German), Dusseldórfia (Portuguese), Dusseldorp (Dutch) |
| Dushanbe | Doesjanbe (Dutch), Douchanbé (French), Dušanbe (Finnish, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Tajik), Duşanbe (Romanian, Turkish), Dūšānbī (Arabic), Duschanbe (German), Duszanbe (Polish); Hissar (former name) |
E
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Edinburgh | Dún Éideann (Irish), Dùn Èideann (Scots Gaelic), Edhimvúrgho - Εδιμβούργο (Greek), Edimbourg (French), Edimburgo (Italian, Portuguese), Edinburg (German [rare]), Edinburga (Latvian), Edinburk (Czech), Edynburg (Polish) |
| Eger | Eger (Hungarian), Eğri (Turkish), Erlau (German), Jager (Czech), Jáger (Slovak), Jagier (Polish) |
| Eisenhüttenstadt | Eisenhüttenstadt (German), Żelazowa Huta (Polish) |
| Elbląg | Elbiąg (local Polish dialect), Elbląg (Polish), Elbing (German), Ilfing or Truso (Old Prussian) |
| Ełk | Ełk (Polish), Lyck (German) |
| Elsinore | Elseneur (French), Elsinor (Spanish), Elsinore (Italian), Helsingør (Danish), Helsingör (Finnish, German) |
| Emmerich | Emmerich (German), Emmerik (Dutch) |
| Erlangen | Erlangen (German), Erlanky (Czech) |
| Esztergom | Esztergom (Hungarian), Gran (German), Ostřihom (Czech), Ostrihom (Slovak), Ostrzyhom (Polish) |
F
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Flensburg | Flensborch (Low Saxon), Flensborg (Danish), Flensburg (German) |
| Florence | Firenca (Croatian, Serbian), Firenze (Finnish, Hungarian, Italian), Floransa (Turkish), Florença (Portuguese), Florència (Catalan), Florencia (Slovak, Spanish), Florencie (Czech), Florencja (Polish), Florens (Swedish), Florenţa (Romanian), Florenz (German) |
| Flushing | Flesinga (Spanish), Flessinga (Italian), Flessingue (French), Vlissingen (Dutch) |
| Fort Augustus | Cille Chumein (Scots Gaelic) |
| Frankfurt | Francfort (Catalan), Fráncfort del Meno (Spanish), Francfort-sur-le-Main (French), Francoforte sobre o Meno (Portuguese), Francoforte sul Meno (Italian), Frankfurt am Main (German), Frankfúrti - Φραγκφούρτη (Greek), Frankfurt nad Menem (Polish), Frankfurt nad Mohanom (Slovak), Frankfurt pe Main (Romanian) |
| Frankfurt (East Germany) | Fráncfort del Oder (Spanish), Francfort-sur-l'Oder (French), Francoforte sobre o Oder (Portuguese), Francoforte sull'Oder (Italian), Frankfurt an der Oder (German), Frankfurt nad Odrą (Polish), Frankfurt nad Odrou (Slovak), Frankfurt pe Oder (Romanian) |
| Freiburg | Freiburg im Breisgau (German), Fribourg-en-Brisgau (French), Friburgo di Brisgovia (Italian) |
| Freising | Brižinje/Brižine (Slovene), Freising (German), Frisinga (Italian, Spanish), Frisingue (French) |
| Fribourg | Freiburg im Üechtland (German), Fribourg (French), Friburg (Romansh), Friburgo (Italian, Portuguese) |
| Frombork | Frawenburg (German), Frombork (Polish) |
G
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Gallipoli | Galipolje (Croatian, Serbian), Gallipoli (Italian), Gelibolu (Turkish), Kalípolis - Καλλίπολις (Greek) |
| Galway | Gaillimh (Irish Gaelic) |
| Gdańsk | Danzica (Italian), Danzig (German), Gdaňsk (Czech), Gdańsk (Polish), Gduńsk (Kashubian) |
| Gdynia | Gdingen (German), Gdiniô (Kashubian/Pomeranian), Gdyně (Czech), Gdynia (Polish), Gotenhafen (German 1939-1945) |
| Geneva | Cenevre (Turkish), Genebra (Portuguese), Geneve / Genève (Dutch), Geneve (Finnish), Genève (French), Genevra (Romansh), Genewa (Polish), Genf (German, Hungarian), Ginebra (Catalan, Spanish), Ginevra (Italian), Jinīf (Arabic), Yenévi - Γενέβη (Greek), Ženeva (Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Lithuanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Ukrainian) |
| Genoa | Cenova (Turkish), Đenova (Serbian), Gênes (French), Gènova (Catalan), Genova (Finnish, Italian, Romanian), Génova / Gênova (Portuguese), Génova (Spanish), Genua (Dutch, German, Latin, Polish), Janov (Czech, Slovak) |
| Ghent | Gand (French), Gandawa (Polish), Gante (Spanish), Gent (Dutch/Flemish, Finnish, German), Guanto (old Italian) |
| Gibraltar | Cebelitarık (Turkish), Gibilterra (Italian), Gibraltar (Spanish) |
| Girona | Gerona (Spanish), Girona (Catalan) |
| Gjirokastër | Argirocastro (Italian), Aryirókastro (Greek), Gjirokastër / Gjirokastra (Albanian) |
| Glarus | Glaris (French), Glarona (Italian), Glaruna (Romansh), Glarus (German) |
| Gmünd | Cmunt (Czech), Gmünd (German) |
| Gorizia | Gorica (Slovene), Gorizia (Italian), Görz (German) |
| Görlitz | Görlitz (German), Zgorzelec (Polish), Zhořelec (Czech) |
| Gothenburg | Goeteborg (Polish), Göteborg (Finnish, German, Swedish), Göteburg (Turkish), Gotemburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Gotenburg (Dutch, German [obs.]) |
| Göttingen | Getynga (Polish), Getynky (Czech), Gœttingue (French), Gotinga (Spanish, Portuguese), Gottinga (Italian) |
| Gramzow | Gramzow (German), Grębowo (Polish) |
| Granada | al-Ġarnāda (Arabic), Granada (Italian, Spanish), Grenade (French) |
| Graz | Gradec (Slovene), Graz (German), Grodziec (Polish), Štýrský Hradec (Czech) |
| Greifswald | Greifswald (German), Gryfia (Polish) |
| Grodno | Grodno (Polish, Russian), Hrodna (Belarusian), Hrodno (Ukrainian), Gardinas (Lithuanian) |
| Groningen | Grins (Frisian), Groninga (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Groningen (Dutch, German), Groningue (French), Grönnen / Grunnen / Grunn'n (Gronings), Groot Loug or Stad (local nicknames) |
| Grozny | Djovkhar Ghaala (Chechen), Groznîi (Romanian), Groznyj - Грозный (Russian) |
| Grudziądz | Graudenz (German), Grudziądz (Polish) |
| Günzburg | Günzburg (German), Gunzburgo (Spanish) |
| Gusev | Gabin (Polish), Gumbine (Lithuanian), Gumbinnen (German), Gusev - Гусев (Russian) |
| Győr | Győr (Hungarian), Raab (German), Ráb (Czech) |
H
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Haderslev | Hadersleben (German), Haderslev (Danish) |
| Hamburg | Amburgo (Italian), Amvúrgho - Αμβούργο (Greek), Gamburg - Гамбург (Russian), Hamborg (Danish, Swedish), Hambourg (French), Hamburch (Frisian, Low Saxon), Hambūrġ (Arabic), Hamburg (Afrikaans, Croatian, Danish, Estonian, German, Hungarian, Romanian), Hamburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Hamburk (Czech), Hampuri (Finnish) |
| Hämeenlinna | Hämeenlinna (Finnish), Tavastehus (Swedish) |
| Hamelin | Hamelen (Dutch), Hamelin (French, Italian, Portuguese), Hamelín (Spanish), Hameln (German) |
| Hanau | Hanau (German), Hanava (Czech) |
| Hanover | Anóvero - Ανόβερο (Greek), Ganover - Гановер (Russian), Hannover (Dutch, Finnish, Italian, German), Hanôver (Portuguese), Hanóver (Spanish), Hanovra (Romanian), Hanovre (French) |
| Heligoland | Helgoland (German) |
| Helsinki | Elsínki (Greek), Helsingfors (Danish, Swedish), Helsingi (Estonian), Hel'sinki (Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian), Helsinki (Finnish, Italian), Helsinkis (Lithuanian), Helsinky (Czech), Helsinque (Brazilian Portuguese), Helsínquia (Portuguese), Helsset (North Sami), Hilsīnkī (Arabic) |
| Heraklion | Candia (Italian), Iraklion (Greek, Polish) |
I
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Innsbruck | Innsbruck (German), Inomost (Old Slovene), Inomostí / Inšpruk (Czech) |
| Ioannina | Giannina (Italian), Ianina (Aromanian), Ioannina (Finnish), Ioánnina - Ιωάννινα (Greek), Janinë / Janina (Albanian), Yánena - Γιάννενα / Yánina - Γιάννινα (Greek variants), Yanya (Turkish) |
| Istanbul | Constantinoble (Catalan), Estambul (Spanish), Istambul (Croatian, Italian, Portuguese, Serbian), Istanboel (Dutch), Istanbūl (Arabic), Istanbuł / Stambuł (Polish), Istanbul (Romanian), İstanbul (Turkish), Isztambul (Hungarian), Konstantinúpoli (Greek), Mikligarður (Icelandic), Stamboll (Albanian), Stambul (Russian, Ukrainian), Stambula (Latvian), Stambulas (Lithuanian) Former names: Bizánc / Konstantinápoly (Hungarian), Bizanc / Carigrad / Konstantinopel (Slovene), Bizancjum / Carogród / Konstantynopol (Polish), Bizant / Carigrad / Konstantinopol (Croatian, Serbian), Bizanţ / Constantinopol(e) / Stambul / Ţarigrad (Romanian), Bisanzio / Costantinopoli (Italian), Bysants / Konstantinopel (Norwegian), Byzantion (Greek), Byzantium / Constantinople (English), Byzantium / Constantinopolis (Latin), Carigrad (Croatian, Serbian), Cařihrad / Konstantinopol (Czech), Carihrad / Konštantínopol (Slovak), Constantinopel (Dutch), Konstantinopel (German), Konstantinopoli (Finnish), Miklagard (Old Norse), Tsarigrad (Russian); Estambul, Konstantinopyla, Koshta, Koshtandina, Kospoli, Kostan (other variants during Ottoman period) |
| Izmir | Esmirna (Catalan, Portuguese, Spanish), İzmir (Turkish), Smirna (Serbian, old Romanian name), Smirne (Italian), Smirni (Greek), Smyrna (variant in English) |
J
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Jakobstad | Jakobstad (Swedish), Pietarsaari (Finnish) |
| Jena | Iéna (French), Iena (Romanian), Jena (German) |
| Jihlava | Iglau (German), Jihlava (Czech) |
K
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Kaliningrad | Kalinjingrad (Croatian), Kaljinjingrad (Serbian), Karaliaučius (Lithuanian), Koningsbergen (Dutch), Königsberg (German), Královec (Czech), Królewiec (former Polish name) |
| Kandalaksha | Kandalaksha (Russian), Kannanlahti / Kantalahti (Finnish) |
| Kartuzy | Karthaus (German), Kartuzy (Polish) |
| Katowice | Katovice (Czech, Serbian), Katoviçe (Turkish), Katowice (Polish), Kattowitz (German); Stalinogród (Polish 1953-1956) |
| Kaunas | Kauen (German), Kaunas (Lithuanian), Kovno (Czech), Kowno (Polish) |
| Kem' | Kem' (Russian), Kemi or Vienan Kemi (Finnish) |
| Kętrzyn | Kętrzyn (Polish), Rastenburg (German) |
| Kharkov | Charkov (Czech, Slovak), Charków (Polish), Harkov (Romanian), Harkova (Finnish), Karkov (Turkish), Kharkiv (Ukrainian), Kharkov (Russian) |
| Kiel | Kiel (German), Kilonia (Polish), Kylius (Lithuanian), Quília (Portuguese) |
| Kiev | Kænugarður (Icelandic), Kiav (Yiddish), Kiëv (Dutch), Kiev (Italian), Kíev (Portuguese, Spanish), Kiev - Киев (Russian), Kíevo (Greek), Kiew (German), Kijev (Croatian, Hungarian, Serbian, Slovene), Kijeva (Latvian), Kijevas (Lithuanian), Kijów (Polish), Kiova (Finnish), Kīyif (Arabic), Kyïv - Київ (Ukrainian), Kyjev (Czech, Slovak) |
| Kilkenny | Cill Chainnigh (Irish) |
| Kiruna | Giron (Sami), Kiiruna (Finnish) |
| Klagenfurt | Celovec (Czech, Slovene), Klagenfurt (German), Želanec (alternative Czech name) |
| Klaipeda | Klaipeda (Finnish), Klaipėda (Lithuanian), Kłajpeda (Polish), Memel (German) |
| Kobarid | Caporetto (Finnish), Kobarid (Slovene) |
| Kondopoga | Kondopoga (Russian), Kontiolahti (Finnish) |
| Konstanz | Constance (French, variant in English), Constância (Portuguese), Costanza (Italian), Konstancja (Polish), Köstence (Turkish), Kostnice (Czech) |
| Köpenick | Köpenick (German), Kopník (Czech) |
| Koper | Capodistria (Italian), Kopar (Croatian, Serbian), Koper (Slovene) |
| Košice | Kaschau (German), Kassa (Hungarian), Košice (Serbian, Slovak), Koszyce (Polish) |
| Kosovo Polje | Amselfeld (German), Champ des merles (French), Fushe Koseve (Albanian), Kosovo Polje (Serbian), Kosowe Pole (Polish), Rigómező (Hungarian) |
| Kotor | Cattaro (Italian), Kotor (Croatian, Serbian) |
| Krems | Krems (German), Kremže / Křemže (Czech) |
| Kristinestad | Christinae Stadh (older Swedish name), Kristiinankaupunki (Finnish), Kristingrad (Serbian) |
| Krnov | Carnovia (Latin), Jägerndorf (German), Karniów (older Polish name), Krnov (Czech), Krnów (Polish) |
| Kudowa-Zdrój | Chudoba (Czech), Kudowa-Zdrój (Polish) |
| Kwidzyn | Kwidzyn (Polish), Marienwerder (German) |
L
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Labin | Albona (Italian), Labin (Croatian) |
| Lahti | Lahti (Finnish, Slovene), Lahtis (Swedish) |
| Lappeenranta | Lappeenranta (Finnish), Villmanstrand (Swedish) |
| Lausanne | Lausana (Spanish), Losanna (Italian), Lozan (Turkish), Lozana (Serbian), Lozáni (Greek), Lozanna (Polish), Luzana (Slovene) |
| Leeuwarden | Leeuwarden (Dutch), Ljouwert (Frisian) |
| Leghorn | Liorna (Spanish), Livorno (Italian, Finnish, German, Romanian), Livourne (French) |
| Leiden | Leida (Italian), Leiden (Dutch, Slovene), Lejda (Polish), Leyden (variant in English) |
| Leipzig | Lajpcig (Serbian), Leipzig (German, Slovene), Lipcse (Hungarian), Lipsca (old Romanian), Lipsía (Greek), Lipsia (Italian), Lípsia (Portuguese), Lipsk (Polish), Lipsko (Czech, Slovak) |
| Lębork | Lauenburg (German), Lębork (Polish) |
| Lezhë | Lezhë / Lezha (Albanian), Alessio (Italian) |
| Liege | Liège (French), Liegi (Italian), Lieja (Catalan, Spanish), Liež (Serbian), Luik (Dutch), Lutych (Czech), Lüttich (German) |
| Lille | Lilla (Catalan, Italian), Lille (French), Rijsel (Dutch) |
| Limerick | Limeriko (Esperanto), Luimneach (Irish) |
| Linz | Linec (Czech), Linz (German, Slovene) |
| Lisbon | Lisabon (Czech, Slovak, Croatian, Serbian), Lisabona (Romanian), Lisboa (Portuguese, Spanish), Lisbona (Italian), Lisbonne (French), Lisbono (Esperanto), Lišbūna (Arabic), Lissabon (Danish, Dutch, Finnish, German, Russian, Swedish), Lissavóna (Greek), Lisszabon (Hungarian), Lizbon (Turkish), Lizbona (Polish, Slovene) |
| Liverpool | Lerpwl (Welsh), Liverpūle (Latvian), Liverpulo (Esperanto), Llynlleifiad (former Welsh) |
| Ljubljana | Laibach (German), Liubliana (Portuguese, Spanish), Liyūbliyānā (Arabic), Ljubljana (Slovene), Lubiana (Italian), Lublaň (Czech), Lublana (Polish), Ľubľana (Slovak), Lubyana (Turkish) |
| Lleida | Lerida (Italian), Lérida (Portuguese, Spanish), Lleida (Catalan) |
| Löbau | Löbau (German), Lubiniec (Polish) |
| London | Landan (Arabic), Llundain (Welsh), Londain (Irish), Londen (Dutch), Londhíno (Greek), Londinium (Latin), Londona (Latvian), Londono (Esperanto), Londra (Italian, Romanian, Turkish), Londres (Catalan, French, Portuguese, Spanish), Londyn (Polish), Londýn (Czech, Slovak), Lontoo (Finnish), Loundres (Cornish), Lundúnir (Icelandic), Lunnainn (Scots Gaelic) |
| Londonderry | Derio (Esperanto), Derry (official name in Republic of Ireland), Doire (Irish) |
| Lourdes | Lourdes (French, Italian), Lurdy (Czech) |
| Louvain | Leuven (Dutch), Louvain (French), Lovaina (Catalan, Portuguese, Spanish), Lovaň (Czech), Lovanio (Italian), Löwen (German) |
| Lübeck | Lubecca (Italian), Lübeck (German), Lubek (Czech), Lubeka (Polish), Lyypekki (Finnish) |
| Lucca | Lucca (Italian), Lucques (French), Lukka (Polish) |
| Lucerne | Lucern (Czech, Slovene), Lucerna (Italian, Romansh, Polish, Romanian, Spanish), Lucerne (French), Lukérni (Greek), Luzern (German, Finnish, Serbian, Turkish), Luzerna (Catalan) |
| Luleå | Luleå (Swedish), Luleo (Serbian), Luulaja (Finnish) |
| Lüneburg | Lüneburch (Low Saxon), Lüneburg (German), Luneburgo (Italian), Lunenburg (variant in English) |
| Luxembourg | Lëtzebuerg (Luxembourgish), Liuksemburgas (Lithuanian), Ljuksemburg (Bulgarian, Russian), Ljuksemburh (Ukrainian), Lucemburk (Czech), Lucsamburg (Irish), Luksemboarch (Frisian), Luksemburg (Croatian, Estonian, Macedonian, Polish, Serbian, Slovene), Lüksemburg (Turkish), Luksemburga (Latvian), Luksemburgio (Esperanto), Lussemburgo (Italian), Lussimbork (Walloon), Lúxemborg (Icelandic), Luxemborg / Luxembourg / Luxemburg (Danish), Luxembourg (Afrikaans, French), Luxemburg (Basque variant, Catalan, Dutch, English variant, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Romanian, Swedish), Luxemburgia (Latin variant), Luxemburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Luxemburgum (Latin), Luxembursko (Slovak), Luxemvúrgho - Λουξεμβούργο (Greek), Luxenburgo (Basque), Lwcsembwrg (Welsh) |
| L'viv | Lavov (Croatian), Lemberg (German, Hungarian), Leopoli (Italian), Leopolis (Latin), Liov (Romanian), L'viv - Львів (Ukrainian), Lvov (Finnish, Slovene), L'vov - Львов (Russian), Ľvov (Slovak), Lwów (Polish) |
| Lyons | Lião (Portuguese), Lione (Italian), Liono (Esperanto), Liyon (Serbian), Lugdunum or Lugudunum (Latin), Lyon (French, German, Slovene) |
M
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Maastricht | Maastricht (Dutch), Maestricht (former French), Mastrique (Spanish), Mestreech (local Limburger dialect), Traiectum ad Mosam or Traiectum superius (Latin) |
| Madrid | Madhríti (Greek), Madrid (French, Italian, Spanish), Madridas (Lithuanian), Madrido (Esperanto), Madryt (Polish) |
| Mainz | Määnz (local dialect), Magonza (Italian), Maguncia (Spanish), Mainz (German), Majnc (Serbian), Mayence (French), Mogúncia (Portuguese), Moguncja (Polish), Moguntiacum (Latin), Mohuč (Czech, Slovak), Meenz (former local dialect) |
| Malbork | Malbork (Polish), Marienburg (German) |
| Manchester | Manceinion (Welsh), Mančestra (Latvian), Manĉestro (Esperanto) |
| Mantua | Mantoue (French), Mantova (Italian, Finnish, Czech, Slovak), Mantua (Latin), Mântua (Portuguese) |
| Maribor | Marburg (German), Maribor (Slovene), Morpurgo (old Italian) |
| Mariehamn | Maarianhamina (Finnish), Mariehamn (Swedish) |
| Marktredwitz | Marktredwitz (German), Ředvice (Czech) |
| Marseilles | Marseille (French), Marsel' (Russian), Marselha (Portuguese), Marselj (Serbian), Marseljo (Esperanto), Marsella (Spanish), Marsiglia (Italian), Marsilha (Provençal), Marsilia (Romanian), Marsīliyā (Arabic), Marsilya (Turkish), Marsylia (Polish), Massalía (Greek) |
| Mechelen | Malinas (Spanish), Malines (Catalan, French), Mechelen (Dutch/Flemish), Mecheln (German), Mechlin (older English name) |
| Meissen | Meißen (German), Míšeň (Czech), Misnia (Italian), Miśnia (Polish) |
| Melk | Medlík (Czech), Melk (German), Mölk (older German name) |
| Metz | Divodurum (Latin), Mec - Мец (Bulgarian, Serbian, Russian), Mety (Czech), Metz (French, German, Italian, Romanian) |
| Mikkeli | Mikkeli (Finnish), St. Michel (Swedish) |
| Mikulov | Mikulov (Czech), Nikolsburg (German) |
| Milan | Mailand (German), Mediolan (Polish), Mediólana (former Greek name), Mediolānum (Latin), Milà (Catalan), Milaan (Dutch), Milán (Czech, Spanish), Milano (Croatian, Esperanto, Finnish, Italian, Romanian, Serbian, Turkish), Miláno (Greek, Slovak), Milánó (Hungarian), Mīlānū (Arabic), Milão (Portuguese) |
| Minsk | Mensk (Belarusian), Mińsk (Polish), Mins'k (Ukrainian), Minsko (Esperanto), Minszk (Hungarian) |
| Miskolc | Miskolc (Hungarian), Miškovec (Czech) |
| Monaco | Monaco (Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Swedish, Welsh), Monacó (Irish), Mónaco (Portuguese, Spanish), Monakas (Lithuanian), Monako (Basque, Esperanto, Latvian, Polish, Serbian, Slovak, Turkish), Monakó - Μονακό (Greek), Mónakó (Icelandic), Monoecus (Latin), Munegu (Monegasque) |
| Mons | Bergen (Dutch), Berĥeno (Esperanto), Mons (French) |
| Montbéliard | Mömpelgard (German), Montbéliard (French) |
| Moscow | Maskava (Latvian), Maskva (Belarusian), Mosca (Italian), Moscou (French, Brazilian Portuguese), Moscova (Romanian), Moscovo (Portuguese), Moscú (Spanish), Moskau (German), Móskha (Greek), Moskou (Dutch), Moskova (Finnish, Turkish), Moskva (Bulgarian, Czech, Slovak, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Danish, Russian, Swedish, Ukrainian), Moskvo (Esperanto), Moskwa (Polish), Moszkva (Hungarian), Mūskū (Arabic) |
| Mosonmagyaróvár | Mosonmagyaróvár (Hungarian), Wieselburg-Ungarisch Altenburg (German) |
| Mukacheve | Mukačevo (Czech, Slovak), Mukacheve - Мyкaчeвe (Ukrainian), Mukachevo - Мyкaчeвo (Russian), Mukachiv - Мyкaчiв (Ruthenian), Mukaczewo (Polish), Minkatsh (Yiddish), Munkács (Hungarian), Munkatsch (German) |
| Mulhouse | Milhüse or Milhüsa (Alsatian), Mülhausen (German), Mulhouse (French), Mylhúzy (Czech) |
| Munich | Minhen (Serbian), Miunchenas (Lithuanian), Miyūnikh (Arabic), Mjunkhen (Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian), Mnichov (Czech), Mníchov (Slovak), Monachium (Polish), Monaco di Baviera (Italian), Mónakho (Greek), München (Dutch, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Romanian, Low Saxon, Swedish), Munĥeno or Munkeno (Esperanto), Múnich (Spanish), Münih (Turkish), Munique (Portuguese) |
| Murmansk | Moermansk (Dutch), Mourmansk (French), Murmansk - Мурманск (Russian), Murmansko (Esperanto), Muurmanni or Muurmanski (older Finnish names), Muurmansk (Finnish); Romanov-on-Murman (former name) |
N
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Nancy | Nancy (French), Nanzig (German) |
| Naples | Nābūlī (Arabic), Napels (Dutch), Nápoles (Portuguese, Spanish), Napoli (Italian, Finnish, Romanian, Turkish), Napolo (Esperanto), Nàpols (Catalan), Nápoly (Hungarian), Napulj (Croatian, Serbian), Neapel (German), Neapol (Czech, Polish, Slovak), Neapol' (Russian, Ukrainian), Neapole (old Romanian name), Neápoli (modern Greek), Neápolis (ancient Greek) |
| Narbonne | Narbo or Narbo Martius (Latin), Narbona (Italian), Narbonne (French) |
| Neuchâtel | Neuchâtel (French), Neuenburg (German) |
| Nice | Niça (Catalan), Nicea (Polish), Níkea (Greek), Nis (Turkish), Nisa (Romanian), Niza (Spanish), Nizza (Italian, Finnish, German, Hungarian) |
| Newport | Casnewydd (Welsh) |
| Nicosia | Lefkoşe (Turkish), Lefkosía (Greek), Nicosia (Hungarian, Italian), Nicósia (Portuguese), Nicosie (French), Nikosia / Lefkosia (Finnish), Nikosia (German), Nikosija (Russian, Ukrainian), Nikosio (Esperanto), Nikozija (Serbian), Nikozja (Polish), Nīqūsiyā (Arabic) |
| Nijmegen | Nijmegen (Dutch), Nimega (Italian, Spanish), Nimègue (French), Nimwegen (German) |
| Nizhny Novgorod | Nijni-Novgorod (French, Romanian), Nischnij Nowgorod (German), Nizhni Novgorod (Finnish), Nižnij Novgorod - Нижний Новгород (Russian), Nižný Novgorod (Slovak), Nowogród (Polish); Gorky (former name 1932-1990) |
| Novi Sad | Neusatz (German), Novi Sad - Нови Сад (Serbian), Nový Sad (Slovak), Újvidék (Hungarian) |
| Nuremberg | Neurenberg (Dutch), Niremvéryi - Νυρεμβέργη (Greek), Norimberg (Slovene), Norimberga (Italian), Norimberk (Czech), Nörnberg (Low Saxon), Norymberga (Polish), Núremberg (Spanish), Nuremberga (Portuguese), Nürnberg (Finnish, German, Hungarian) |
O
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Óbuda (now part of Budapest) | Altofen (German), Óbuda (Hungarian), Starý Budín (Czech) |
| Oldenburg | Oldemburgo (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Oldenburg (German), Starogard (Polish, Serbian) |
| Olomouc | Olmütz (German), Olomóc or Holomóc (Czech - Hanakian dialect), Olomouc (Czech), Olomuncium (Latin), Ołomuniec (Polish) |
| Olsztyn | Allenstein (German), Olsztyn (Polish) |
| Opava | Opava (Czech), Opavia (Latin), Opawa (Polish), Troppau (German) |
| Opole | Opole (Polish), Opolí (Czech), Oppeln (German) |
| Oporto | Burtuqāl (Arabic), Oporto (Italian), Porto (Czech, Esperanto, French, German, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian) |
| Oradea | Gran Varadino (Italian), Großwardein (German), Magno-Varadinum (Latin variant), Nagyvárad (Hungarian), Oradea (Romanian), Varadinum (Latin) |
| Oranienburg | Bocov (Czech), Bötzow (former German name), Oranienburg (German) |
| Oslo | Asloa (Latin), Christiania (former Dano-Norwegian name 1624-1925), Kristiania (late version of former name), Oslo (Bahasa Indonesia, Danish, Dutch, Esperanto, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Norwegian, Polish, Romanian, Spanish, Swedish), Ósló (Icelandic), Ūslū (Arabic) |
| Osnabrück | Osnabrück (German), Osnabrugge (Dutch), Osnabruque (Portuguese) |
| Ostend | Oostende (Dutch/Flemish), Ostenda (Italian, Polish), Ostende (Czech, French, German, Portuguese, Serbian), Ostendo (Esperanto) |
| Oświęcim | Auschwitz (German), Osvětim (Czech), Osvienčim (Slovak), Oświęcim (Polish) |
| Oulu | Oulu (Finnish), Uleåborg (Swedish) |
P
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Padua | Padoue (French), Padova (Italian, Finnish, Romanian, Croatian, Czech, Slovak), Pádua (Portuguese), Padwa (Polish) |
| Palermo | Palerme (French), Palermo (Italian, Finnish, Polish) |
| Pamplona | Banbalūna (Arabic), Iruña (Basque), Pamplona (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Pampelune (French), Pampaluna / Lunapampa (Old Provençal), Pampeluna (Polish) |
| Paris | Bārīs (Arabic), Parigi (Italian), Pariž (Bulgarian, Russian), Pariz (Croatian, Serbian), Paříž (Czech), Parijs (Dutch), Pariis (Estonian), Pariisi (Finnish), Parísi (Greek), Pariso or Parizo (Esperanto), Párizs (Hungarian), Parīze (Latvian), Paryžius (Lithuanian), Paryż (Polish), Paríž (Slovak), París (Catalan, Spanish), Paryzh (Ukrainian) |
| Parma | Parme (French), Parma (Italian, Latin, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish) |
| Pärnu | Parnawa (Polish), Pärnu (Estonian), Pernau (German) |
| Passau | Batavia (Latin), Pasawa (Polish), Pasov (Czech), Passau (German), Passovia (Italian) |
| Pazin | Pisino (Italian), Pazin (Croatian) |
| Pécs | Pětikostelí (Czech), Pečuh (Croatian), Fünfkirchen (German), Päťkostolie (Slovak) |
| Perpignan | Perpignan (French), Perpignano (Italian), Perpiñán (Spanish), Perpinhão (Portuguese), Perpinjan (Serbian), Perpinyà (Catalan) |
| Perugia | Pérouse (French), Perugia (Italian), Perusa (Spanish) |
| Petroskoy | Petrozavodsk (Russian), Petroskoi (Finnish), Äänislinna (old Finnish name) |
| Piacenza | Piacenza (Italian), Pjaćenca (Serbian), Plaisance (French), Plasencia (Spanish) |
| Plauen | Plauen (German), Plavno (Czech) |
| Pleven | Pleven (Bulgarian), Plevno (Czech) |
| Plovdiv | Filibe (Turkish), Filippopoli (Italian), Philippoúpolis (Greek), Plovdiv (Bulgarian), Płowdiw (Polish), Pulpudeva (ancient Macedonian, Moesian) |
| Plymouth | Pleimuiden (Dutch), Plimuto (Esperanto) |
| Plzeň | Pilsen (German, Italian), Pilzno (Polish), Plzeň (Czech) |
| Podgorica | Titograd (former name), Ribnica (former name) |
| Pompeii | Pompei (Italian), Pompeia (Portuguese), Pompeji (German), Pompeya (Spanish), Pompeja (Serbian), Pompeje (Polish), Pompiia (Greek), Pompeiji (Finnish) |
| Porec | Parenzo (Italian), Poreč (Croatian) |
| Pori | Björneborg (Swedish), Pori (Finnish) |
| Portorož | Portorose (Italian), Portorož (Slovene) |
| Porvoo | Borgå (Swedish), Porvoo (Finnish) |
| Potsdam | Postupim (Czech, Slovak), Potsdam (German, Italian), Poczdam (Polish) |
| Poznań | Poznań (Polish), Posen (German), Posnania (Latin), Posnanie (French) |
| Prague | Birāġ (Arabic), Praha (Czech, Finnish, Norwegian, Slovak, Ukrainian), Praag (Dutch), Prag (Croatian, Danish, German, Norwegian, Serbian, Swedish, Turkish), Prag or Prog (Yiddish), Prága (Greek, Hungarian), Praga (Bulgarian, Catalan, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Spanish), Prago (Esperanto) |
| Pravdinsk | Friedland (German), Pravdinsk (Russian), Romuva (Lithuanian) |
| Priozersk | Kexholm / Keksholm (Swedish), Käkisalmi (Finnish), Korela (alternative Finnish name) |
| Pristina | Prishtinë (Albanian), Priština - Приштина (Serbian), Priştina (Turkish), Prisztina (Polish), Pristino (Esperanto) |
| Pruszcz Gdański | Praust (German), Pruszcz Gdański (Polish) |
| Pskov | Pihkva (Estonian), Pihkova (Finnish), Psków (Polish), Pleskau (German) |
| Pula | Pola (Italian), Pula (Croatian) |
| Pyrzyce | Pyritz (German), Pyrzyce (Polish) |
R
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Riga | Rīġā (Arabic), Riha (Belarusian, Ukrainian), Riia (Estonian), Riika (Finnish), Ryga (Lithuanian, Polish), Riga (Italian, Portuguese) |
| Rijeka | Fiume (Italian, Hungarian), Rijeka (Croatian) |
| Regensburg | Řezno (Czech), Ratisbona (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Ratisbonne (French), Ratyzbona (Polish), Ratisbon (English [obs.], Latin), Regensborg (Low Saxon), Regensburg (German) |
| Rheims | Reims (French), Remeš (Czech), Remso (Esperanto) |
| Rome | Rūmiya (Arabic), Rim (Bulgarian, Croatian, Serbian, Russian), Rím (Slovak), Řím (Czech), Rooma (Estonian, Finnish), Rom (German), Rómi (Greek), Róma (Hungarian), Roma (Catalan, Italian, Latvian, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish, Turkish), Rzym (Polish), Rym (Ukrainian), Romo (Esperanto) |
| Roskilde | Hróarskelda (Icelandic), Roskilde (Danish) |
| Rostock | Rostock (German), Roztoky (Czech) |
| Rouen | Rouen (French), Ruão (Portuguese), Rúðuborg (Icelandic) |
| Rovaniemi | Roavenjarga (Sami), Rovaniemi (Finnish, Swedish) |
| Rovinj | Rovigno (Italian), Rovinj (Croatian) |
S
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Saarbrücken | Saarbrücken (German), Sarrebruck (French, Spanish) |
| Saarlouis | Sarrelouis (French), Saarlautern (German 1939-1945) |
| Sagunto | Sagunt (Catalan, German), Sagunto (Italian, Spanish) |
| Salzburg | Salisburgo (Italian), Salzbourg (French), Salzburg (German, Slovene), Salzburgo (Spanish), Solnograd (old Slovene), Solnohrad (Czech) |
| Samara | Kujbišev (Slovene), Kuybyshev (former name) |
| Samarkand | Samarcanda (Catalan, Italian, Spanish), Samarcande (French), Samarkand (Slovene), Samarkanda (Polish), Semerkant (Turkish) |
| San Sebastián | Donostia (Basque), Sant Sebastià (Catalan), Saint-Sébastien (French) |
| Santiago de Compostela | Šānt Yāqūb (Arabic), Sant Jaume de Galícia (Catalan), Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle (French), Santiago de Compostela (Galician, Portuguese), Santiago di Compostella (Italian) |
| Saragossa | Saragoça (Portuguese), Saragosa (Slovene), Saragossa (Catalan, German), Saragosse (French), Saragozza (Italian), Zaragoza (Czech, Spanish), |
| Sarajevo | Sarāyīfū (Arabic), Sarajevo (Slovene), Sarajewo (German, Polish), Saraybosna (Turkish), Szarajevó (Hungarian) |
| Saranda | (Áyii) Saránda (Greek), Sarandë / Saranda (Albanian), Santiquaranta (Italian) |
| Saverne | Zabern (German) |
| Schaffhausen | Schaffhouse (French), Schaffhausen (German), Sciaffusa (Italian), Schaffusa (Romansh), Szafuza (Polish) |
| Schweinfurt | Schweinfurt (German, Slovene), Svinibrod (Czech) |
| Schwerin | Schwerin (German), Swaryń (Polish), Zuarin (Obotritic), Zvěřín (Czech) |
| Schwyz | Schwytz (French), Schwyz (German), Svitto (Italian), Sviz (Romansh) |
| Senj | Segna (Italian), Senj (Croatian, Slovene) |
| Seville | al-Išbīliya (Arabic), Sevila (Slovene), Sevilha (Portuguese), Sevilia (Romanian [obs.]), Sevilla (Catalan, Finnish, Slovak, Spanish, German), Séville (French), Sevilya (Turkish), Siviglia (Italian), Seviljo (Esperanto), Sewilla (Polish), |
| Shkodër | Scutari (Italian), Skadar (Czech, Serbian, Slovene), Szkodra (Polish), Skutari (German) |
| Sibenik | Sebenico (Italian), Šibenik (Croatian, Slovene) |
| Sibiu | Sibiň (Czech), Sibiu (Romanian), Hermannstadt (German), Szeben (Hungarian) |
| Sienna | Sienne (French), Siena (Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Slovene, Turkish) |
| Skopje | Shkupi (Albanian), Skūbyī (Arabic), Skopie (Bulgarian), Skopje (Slovene), Skopia (Spanish), Skópia (Greek), Skoplje (Serbian, Croatian), Skop'e (Russian), Üsküp (Turkish) |
| Sligo | Sligeach (Irish) |
| Solin | Salona (Italian), Solin (Croatian, Slovene) |
| Sofia | Serdica (Latin), Sūfiyā (Arabic), Sofia (Italian), Sofía (Spanish), Sófia (Greek, Portuguese), Sofija (Bulgarian, Croatian, Russian, Serbian, Slovene, Ukrainian), Sofio (Esperanto), Sofya (Turkish), Szófia (Hungarian) |
| Solothurn | Soleure (French), Solothurn (German), Soletta (Italian), Soloturn (Romansh), Solura (Polish) |
| Sønderborg | Sonderburg (German) |
| Sopron | Ödenburg (German), Šoproň (Czech), Sopron (Hungarian) |
| Sovetsk | Sovetsk - Советск (Russian), Sovjetsk (Slovene), Tilsit (German), Tilzė (Lithuanian) |
| Speyer | Spires (English [obs.]), Espira (Spanish, Portuguese), Spire (French), Spira (Italian), Špýr (Czech) |
| Split | Spalato (Italian), Split (Croatian, Slovene) |
| St. Gallen | Saint-Gall (French), Sankt Gallen (German), San Gallo (Italian), Son Gagl (Romansh), Svatý Havel (Czech) |
| St. Petersburg | Sānt Bītarsbūrġ (Arabic), Sankt-Pecjarburh (Belarusian), Sankt Petěrburk (Czech), Sankt Petersborg (Danish), Sint-Petersburg (Dutch), Peterburi (Estonian), Pietari (Finnish), Saint-Péterbourg (French), Sankt Petersburg (German, Norwegian, Polish, Romanian), Ayía Petrúpoli (Greek), Szentpétervár (Hungarian), San Pietroburgo (Italian), Sanktpēterburga (Latvian), Sankt Peterburgas (Lithuanian), São Petersburgo (Portuguese), Sankt-Peterburg (Russian, Slovene), Sankt Peterburg (Slovak, Serbian), Sankt Peterzburg (Serbian), San Petersburgo (Spanish), Leningrad (former name), Petrograd (former name, former Slovene name), Leningrado (former Italian name), Petrohrad (former Czech name), Petroburgo (Esperanto) |
| St. Moritz | Sankt Moritz (German), San Murezzan (Romansh), Svatý Mořic (Czech) |
| Stockholm | Istūkhūlm (Arabic), Estocolm (Catalan), Estocolmo (Portuguese, Spanish), Stoccolma (Italian), Stockholm (Slovene), Stokgol'm (Russian), Stokhol'm (Ukrainian), Stokholma (Latvian), Stokholmas (Lithuanian), Stokholmo (Esperanto), Stokkhólmi (Greek), Sztokholm (Polish), Štokholm (Serbian, Slovak), Tukholma (Finnish) |
| Stralsund | Stralsund (German), Strzałowo (Polish) |
| Strasbourg | Schdroosburi or Strossburi (Alsatian), Štrasburk (Czech), Straatsburg (Dutch), Strassburg (Finnish), Straßburg (German), Strasbourg (Slovene), Strasburg (Polish), Strasburgo (Esperanto, Italian), Estrasburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Štrasburg (Slovak), Strazbur (Serbian) |
| Straubing | Straubing (German), Štrubina (Czech) |
| Stuttgart | Estugarda (Portuguese), Štíhrad (Czech), Stoccarda (Italian), Stuttgart (German, Slovene), Stoutgárdhi (Greek) |
| Subotica | Mariatheresiopel (German), Subotica (Slovene) - Суботица (Serbian), Szabadka (Hungarian) |
| Swansea | Abertaŭo (Esperanto), Abertawe (Welsh), Swansea (Slovene) |
| Świnoujście | Swinemünde (German), Świnoujście (Polish) |
| Syracuse | Syrakus (German), Siracusa (Italian, Romanian, Portuguese, Spanish), Syrakuzy (Polish), Syrakúzy (Slovak), Sirakuza (Serbian), Siraküza (Turkish), Sirakuze (Slovene), Syrakusa (Finnish), Sirakuso (Esperanto) |
| Szczecin | Scecinum / Stetinum (Latin), Stettin (German, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish), Szczecin (Polish), Štětín (Czech), Štetín (Slovene), Stettino (Italian), Šćećin (Serbian) |
| Szczytno | Ortelsburg (German), Ortulfsburg (older German), Szczytno (Polish) |
| Szeged | Segedín (Czech), Szeged (Hungarian), Seghedino (Italian), Segedyn or Szegedyn (Polish), Seghedin (Romanian) |
| Székesfehérvár | Stoličný Bělehrad (Czech), Stolni Biograd (Croatian), Stuhlweißenburg (German), Stoličný Belehrad (Slovak) |
| Szentendre | Sentandreja - Сентандреја (Serbian), Svatý Ondřej (Czech), Szentendre (Hungarian) |
| Szombathely | Kamenec (Czech), Steinamanger (German), Szombathely (Hungarian, Slovene) |
T
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Tallinn | Lindanissa (Latin variant), Rävel (old Swedish name), Reval (old German name), Revalia (Latin), Rewal or Tallin (Polish), Tālīn (Arabic), Talinas (Lithuanian), Taljin (Serbian), Tallin (Norwegian, Russian, Swedish, Slovak, Spanish), Tallina (Latvian), Tallinna (Finnish) |
| Tampere | Tammerfors (Swedish), Tampere (Finnish) |
| Taranto | Tarent (Czech, German, Serbian), Tarente (French), Taranto (Italian), Tarento (Spanish) |
| Tartu | Tartto (Finnish), Dorpat (German, Polish), Tērbata (Latvian, before 1918) |
| Tashkent | Tašqand (Arabic), Tasjkent (Dutch, Swedish), Tachkent (French), Taskéndē (Greek), Taskent (Hungarian), Taszkient / Taszkent (Polish), Taškent (Russian, Ukrainian, Slovak, Croatian, Serbian), Taşkent (Romanian, Turkish), Toshkent (Uzbek), Taschkent (German) |
| Tbilisi | Tiflīs (Arabic), Tbilissi (French), Tbilisi (Georgian, Italian, Romanian, Slovene), Tiflis (German, Italian [obs.], Turkish), Tyflída (Greek), Tbiliszi (Hungarian), Tibilisi / Tyflis (Polish) |
| Tekirdağ | Rodosto (Greek), Rodostó (Hungarian) |
| Terezín | Terezín (Czech, Slovak), Theresienstadt (German) |
| Těšín | Cieszyn (Polish), Teschen (German), Tešín (Slovak) |
| The Hague | Lāhāy (Arabic), De Haach (Frisian), Den Haag / 's-Gravenhage (Dutch), Haag (Czech, Finnish, Slovak, Slovene), La Haye (French), L'Aia (Italian), Den Haag / der Haag (German), Kháyi (Greek), Hága (Hungarian), Haga (Polish, Romanian), Haia (Portuguese), Gaaga (Russian), La Haya (Spanish), Haaha (Ukrainian), Hag (Serbian), Lahey (Turkish) |
| Thessaloniki | Saloniki (alternative Greek name), Soluň (Czech), Thessalonique (French), Saloniki (German, Polish), Salonicco / Tessalonica (Italian), Salonic (Romanian), Selanik (Turkish), Solún (Slovak), Solun (Bulgarian, Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian, Slovene), Salonica (alternative English name), Tesalónica (Spanish), Tessalónica (Portuguese), Tessalonika (Finnish) |
| Thionville | Diedenhofen (German), Diedenhoven (former Dutch name), Thionville (French) |
| Timisoara | Temešvár (Czech, Slovak), Temeschwar / Temeschburg (German), Temesvár (Hungarian), Temišvar (Croatian, Serbian, Slovene), Timişoara (Romanian), Temeşvar (Turkish) |
| Tirana | Tiranë / Tirana (Albanian), Tirana (Italian, Portuguese), Tiran (Turkish) |
| Tongeren | Tongern (German), Tongres (French) |
| Tórshavn | Thorshavn (Danish), Þórshöfn (Icelandic) |
| Toruń | Toruń (Polish), Toruň (Czech), Thorn (German), civitas Torunensis (Latin), Torń (Kashubian) |
| Toulon | Tolone (Italian), Toulon (French) |
| Toulouse | Tolosa de Llenguadoc (Catalan), Tolosa (Italian, Latin), Toulouse (French, Portuguese), Tuluza (Polish), Tuluz (Serbian) |
| Trebizond | Trabzon (Turkish), Trapezunt (German, Finnish, Polish, Romanian [obs.]), Trapezúnda (Greek), Trebisonda (Spanish, Italian, Portuguese), Trébizonde (French) |
| Trent | Trento (Italian, Portuguese), Trient (German), Trident (Czech), Trente (French, Dutch), Trydent (Polish) |
| Trier | Trevír (Czech, Slovak), Trèves (French), Treviri (Italian), Trewir (Polish), Tréveris (Spanish, Portuguese) |
| Trieste | Tergeste (Latin), Terst (Czech), Triëst (Dutch), Triest (German), Trieste (Italian, Portuguese), Trst (Croatian, Serbian, Slovene) |
| Trogir | Traù (Italian), Trogir (Croatian) |
| Trondheim | Nidaros (Norwegian 997-15th century and again 1930), Trondhjem (Dano-Norwegian 15th century-1929), Trondheim (Norwegian 1931-1939 and 1945-present), Drontheim (1940-1945) (German name during WWII occupation), Þrándheimur (Icelandic) |
| Tromsø | Tromssa (Finnish, Sami) |
| Tübingen | Tubinga (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Tubingue (French), Tubinky / Tybinky (Czech) |
| Turin | Torí (Catalan), Torino (Italian, Croatian, Hungarian, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene, Finnish, Turkish), Turijn (Dutch), Turim (Portuguese), Turín (Czech, Slovak), Turyn (Polish) |
| Turku | Åbo (Swedish), Aboa / Aboia / Turcua (Latin), Turu (Estonian), Turku (Finnish) |
| Tver | Kalinin (former name), Tver (Italian, Slovene), Twer (Polish, German) |
U
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Überlingen | Überlingen (German), Jibrovice (Czech) |
| Udine | Udin (Friulian), Udine (Italian), Videm (Czech) |
| Ulcinj | Dulcigno (Italian), Ulcinj (Croatian, Serbian) |
| Ulm | Ulm (German), Ulma (Italian) |
| Ulyanovsk | Simbirsk (former name), Uljanovsk (Serbian, Slovene), Uljanowsk (German) |
| Umag | Umago (Italian), Umag (Croatian) |
| Umeå | Uumaja (Finnish) |
| Utrecht | Traiectum (Latin), Utert (Frisian), Utrecht (Dutch), Utreĥto (Esperanto) |
| Uzhhorod | Ungvár (Hungarian), Uschhorod (German), Užgorod - Ужгород (Russian), Užhorod (Slovak), Užhorod - Ужгород (Ukrainian) |
V
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Vaasa | Vasa (Swedish), Wasa (older Swedish name), Waza (Polish), Nikolainkaupunki (alternative old Finnish name) |
| Valencia | València (Catalan), Valence (French), Valencia (Slovene, Spanish), Valência (Portuguese), Valencio or Valencujo (Esperanto), Walencja (Polish) |
| Valletta | il-Belt (colloquial Maltese), il-Belt Valletta (Maltese), Fālītā (Arabic), Valéta (Greek), La Valeta (Portuguese), La Valette (French), La Valletta (Italian, Slovak) |
| Venice | Benátky (Czech, Slovak), Benetke (Slovene), al-Bunduqīya (Arabic), Feneyjar (Icelandic), Velence (Hungarian), Venècia (Catalan), Venecia (Spanish), Venecija (Bulgarian, Croatian, Serbian, Russian, Ukrainian), Veneco (Esperanto), Venedig (Danish, German, Swedish), Venedik (Turkish), Venetía (Greek), Veneţia (Romanian), Venetië (Dutch), Venetsia (Finnish), Veneza (Portuguese), Venezia (Italian), Venise (French), Vinitsia (Yiddish), Wenecja (Polish) |
| Vienna | Beč (Croatian, Serbian), Bécs (Hungarian), Dunaj (Slovene), Fienna (Welsh), Vena (Russian, Ukrainian), Vīne (Latvian), Vídeň (Czech), Viedeň (Slovak), Viena (Catalan, Portuguese, Spanish, Romanian), Vienna (Italian), Vienne (French), Viénni (Greek), Vin (Yiddish), Viyana (Turkish), Wenen (Dutch), Wiedeń (Polish), Wien (Finnish, German, Swedish), Vieno (Esperanto) |
| Villach | Bělák (Czech), Beljak (Slovene), Bilachium (Latin), Villach (German), Villaco (Italian) |
| Vilnius | Filniyūs (Arabic), Vilna (Italian, Spanish, Slovene, Finnish, Norwegian), Vilne (Yiddish), Viļņa (Latvian), Vil'nja / Vil'njus (Belarusian), Vil'njus (Russian, Ukrainian), Vilnjus (Serbian), Vilno (Czech), Wilna (German), Wilno (Polish) |
| Vitoria | Gasteiz (Basque), Vitória (Portuguese) |
| Vladikavkaz | Ordzhonikidze (former name 1932-1944 and 1954-1990), Dzaudzhikau (former name 1944-1954) |
| Vlorë | Vlorë / Vlora (Albanian), Valona (Italian, Serbian), Aulona (ancient name) |
| Volgograd | Stalingrad (former name), Tsaritsyn (former name), Wołgograd (Polish), Carycyn (former Polish name), Volgograd (Slovene), Volgogrado (Portuguese, Spanish), Wolgograd (German), Estalinegrado (former Portuguese name), Stalingrado (former Italian name) |
| Vyborg | Viiburi (Estonian), Viipuri (Finnish), Viborg (Swedish), Wiburg (German) |
W
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Wangen | Vanky (Czech), Wangen (German) |
| Warsaw | Wārsū (Arabic), Varšava (Belarusian, Czech, Croatian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Ukrainian), Warschau (Dutch, German), Varssavi (Estonian), Varsova (Finnish), Varsovie (French), Varsovía (Greek), Varsóvia (Portuguese), Varsó (Hungarian), Varsavia (Italian), Varšuva (Lithuanian), Varşovia (Romanian), Warszawa (Polish), Varsovia (Latin, Spanish), Varşova (Turkish), Varshe (Yiddish), Varsovio (Esperanto) |
| Waterford | Port Láirge (Irish) |
| Weimar | Výmar (Czech), Weimar (German) |
| Wejherowo | Neustadt in Westpreußen (German), Wejherowo (Polish) |
| Wolgast | Wolgast (German), Wołogoszcz (Polish) |
| Worms | Wormacja (Polish), Wormazia (Italian [obs.]), Worms (German) |
| Wroclaw | Wrocław (Polish), Vratislav (Czech), Vratislavia / Wratislavia / Wracislavia (Latin), Breslau (Dutch, German, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish), Wroclaw (Finnish, Slovene), Vratislav / Vroclav (Slovak, Serbian), Breslavia (Italian) |
| Würzburg | Wörzborg (Low Saxon), Würzburg (German), Wurzburgo (Spanish) |
Y
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Yekaterinburg | Jekaterinburg (Serbian, Finnish, German, Slovene, Swedish), Jekaterynburg (Polish), Ekaterinburg (Romanian), Ekaterinburgo (Spanish), Sverdlovsk (former name) |
| Yerevan | Yirīfān (Arabic), Erevan (French, English [rare], Romanian, Slovene), Jerewan / Eriwan (German), Jereván (Hungarian), Erewan (Polish), Jerevan (Czech, Finnish, Russian, Ukrainian, Slovak, Serbian), Ereván (Spanish), Erivan (Turkish) |
| York | Caerefrog / Efrog (Welsh), Eabhrac (Irish), Eboracum (Latin), Efrawg (Breton, Cornish), Iorc (Scots Gaelic), Jorvik (ancient Scandinavian), Jórvík (Icelandic), Jorko (Esperanto) |
| Ypres | Ieper (Dutch), Ypres (French), Ypern (German), Ipro (Esperanto) |
Z
| English Name | Other name(s) or older name(s) |
|---|---|
| Zadar | Zara (Italian), Zára (Hungarian), Zadar (Croatian) |
| Zagreb | Zaġrib (Arabic), Záhřeb (Czech), Záhreb (Slovak), Agram (German [obs.]), Zágráb (Hungarian), Zagabria (Italian), Zagrzeb (Polish), Zagreb (Slovene), Zagrep (Turkish), Zahreb (Ukrainian), Zâgreb (Serbian), Zagrebo (Esperanto) |
| Zeebrugge | Seebrügge (German) |
| Zittau | Žitava (Czech), Zittau (German), Żytawa (Polish) |
| Znamensk | Veluva (Lithuanian), Wehlau (German), Welawa (Polish), Znamensk (Russian) |
| Znojmo | Znaim (German), Znojmo (Polish) |
| Zug | Zoug (French), Zug (German, Romansh), Zugo (Italian) |
| Zurich | Zūrīk (Arabic), Cirih (Serbian), Ciurichas (Lithuanian), Cjurikh (Russian, Ukrainian), Curiĥo (Esperanto), Curych (Czech), Turitg (Romansh), Zurich (French), Zürich (German, Finnish, Slovene, Swedish), Zúrich (Spanish), Zurigo (Italian), Zürih (Turkish), Zurique (Portuguese), Zurych (Polish), Zyríkhi (Greek) |
| Zwickau | Cvikov (Czech), Zwickau (German) |
See also:
- List of countries and capitals in native languages
- List of alternative country names
- List of country names in various languages
- Latin names of European cities
- List of European regions with alternative names
- List of European rivers with alternative names
- List of cities in Switzerland
- List of towns in Slovakia
- List of cities in Serbia and Montenegro
- List of cities in Albania
- Place names in Irish
- List of places