Media Foundation
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Media Foundation (MF) is a technology by Microsoft, providing a base for multimedia applications within Windows Vista. Windows Protected Media Path (PMP), for instance, is bound to MF.
Windows Media Player uses MF on Vista i.e. for playing protected content.
DXVA 2.0 (see DXVA), the hardware video acceleration pipeline for Windows Vista, bases on MF, too.
Media Foundation is intended to replace DirectShow (DS, DShow) step-by-step, starting with some features. For some time there will be a co-existence of Media Foundation and DirectShow.