List of giant squid specimens and sightings

Giant squid, *Architeuthis* sp. Modified from Verrill, 1879.

This list of giant squid specimens and sightings is a comprehensive listing of all recorded human encounters with members of the genus Architeuthis, popularly known as giant squids. It includes animals that were caught by fishermen, found stranded ashore, as well as those reliably sighted at sea. The list also covers specimens which were incorrectly assigned to the genus Architeuthis in original publications.

History

File:Steenstrup seamonk.jpg

Steenstrup (1855) suggested that the 16th century illustrations of sea monks could be interpreted as a giant squid.

Tales of giant squid have been common among mariners since ancient times, and may have led to the Norwegian legend of the kraken, a tentacled sea monster as large as an island capable of engulfing and sinking any ship. Japetus Steenstrup, the describer of Architeuthis, suggested a giant squid was the species described as a sea monk to the Danish king Christian III c.1550. The Lusca of the Caribbean and Scylla in Greek mythology may also derive from giant squid sightings. However, it is thought to be impossible for a giant squid to lift its tentacles from the water. Eyewitness accounts of other sea monsters like the sea serpent are also thought to be mistaken interpretations of giant squid.

Steenstrup produced a number of papers on giant squid in the 1850s. He first used the name Architeuthis in a paper in 1857. A portion of a giant squid was secured by the French gunboat Alecton in 1861 leading to wider recognition of the giant squid in the scientific community. Between 1870 and 1880, large numbers of strandings occurred on the shores of Newfoundland. For example, a specimen washed ashore in Thimble Tickle, Newfoundland on November 2, 1878 had a mantle plus head length of 6.1 m (20 ft), and one of its tentacles measured 10.7 m (35 ft) long. It was estimated as weighing 2.2 tonnes, although this is considered a great exaggeration by modern teuthologists. In 1873 a squid "attacked" a minister and a young boy in a dory in Bell Island, Newfoundland.

Large numbers of strandings also occurred in New Zealand during the late nineteenth century. Although strandings continue to occur sporadically throughout the world, the high frequency of strandings at Newfoundland and New Zealand in the late nineteenth century have not yet been repeated. It is not known exactly why giant squid become stranded on shore, but it is possible that a periodic though temporary alteration of the distribution of the deep, cold water where the squid live might be the cause. Many scientists who have studied squid mass strandings believe that they are cyclical and predictable, but the length of time between strandings is not yet known. A period of 90 years between mass strandings has been proposed by Frederick Aldrich, an Architeuthis specialist, who used this value to correctly predict a large number of strandings that occurred between 1964 and 1966. By and large, however, squid strandings remain a mystery. Approximately 65 specimens, one-fifth of all the giant squid ever recorded, have been found in the waters off Newfoundland; the last in December 2004.

On September 30, 2004, Tsunemi Kubodera (National Science Museum of Japan) and Kyoichi Mori (Ogasawara Whale Watching Association) succeeded in taking history's first images of a live giant squid in its natural habitat. Their teams had worked together for nearly two years to make the accomplishment. They succeeded on their third trip to a known Sperm Whale hunting grounds 600 miles south of Tokyo, where they had dropped a 3,000 foot line baited with squid and shrimp. The line also held a camera and a flash. After over twenty tries that day, a 26-foot Giant squid attacked the lure and snagged its tentacle. It took the squid over four hours to break free, during which time the camera took over 500 photos. The squid left behind, attached to the lure, an 18-foot tentacle. Later DNA tests confirmed the animal as a giant squid.

The search for a live Architeuthis specimens includes attempts to find live young, including larvae. Larval Architeuthis closely resemble larvae of Nototodarus and Moroteuthis, with distinctive characteristics being the shape of the mantle attachment by the head, the tentacle suckers, and the beaks.

List of giant squids

#	Date	Location	Oceanic sector	Method of capture	Identification	Material cited	Material saved	Sex	Size and measurements	Repository	Cited references	Additional references	Notes
	1545	Malmo, Sweden	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore	Architeuthis monachus Steenstrup in Harting, 1860	Entire?	Undetermined		WL?: ~3 m		Lonnberg (1891:36)	Nordgard (1928:71); Muus (1959:170)	Malmo was part of Denmark in 1545.
	Autumn, 1639	Thingoresand, Nordresyssel, Iceland	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore	Architeuthis sp.	Entire	One arm		BL+HL: ~6 ft; AL: ~3 ft; TL: ~16-18 ft; BC: ~3-4 ft	Thingore monastery	Steenstrup (1849:[9]); Steenstrup (1898:[272])	Eggert Olafsen's & Bjarne Povelsen's journey to Iceland, vol. II, p. 716 and Annales Bjornonis de skardsa, 1639 [fide Steenstrup (1898:[272]); Verrill (1875b:84); Robson (1933:691); Muus (1959:170)
	~15 October, 1673	Dingle-I-cosh, Kerry, Ireland	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Found floating at surface, in process of washing ashore, alive	Dinoteuthis proboscideus More, 1875; Architeuthis monachus [fide Verrill]	Entire	Two arms, buccal mass, and suckers taken to Dublin		TL: ~11 ft + 9 ft; AL: ~6-8 ft; "liver": 30 lb	Undetermined [NMI?]; holotype of Dinoteuthis proboscideus More, 1875	More (1875a:4526); Verrill (1875c:214)	Massy (1909:30); Ritchie (1918:137); Robson (1933:692); Hardy (1956:285); Collins (1998:489)	Found by James Steward.
	1680	Ulvangen Fjord, Alstadhoug parish, Norway	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Not stated		Entire?					Pontoppidan (1752:34?/344?)	Steenstrup (1857:[18]); Grieg (1933:19)
	27 May, 1785	Grand Banks, Newfoundland	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Found floating dead	Architeuthis sp.				BL: 7 ft		Aldrich (1992:457)		Data from Capt. G. Cartwright.
	November or December, 1790	Arnarnaesvik, Modruvalle, Iceland	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore		Entire	None; used for cod bait		TL: 5.6 m; BL (+HL?): 6.6 m		Steenstrup 1849:[11]); Steenstrup (1898:[276])	1792 diary of Svein Paulsson (in library of Literature Society of Iceland, in Copenhagen); Verrill (1875b:84); Robson (1933:691)
	17-- (1795 at latest)	near St. John's harbour, Newfoundland	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Unknown	Architeuthis sp.						Thomas (1795:xx); Aldrich (1992:457)
	17--	Grand Banks, Newfoundland	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Unknown	Architeuthis sp.						Aldrich (1992:457)
	December, 1853	Raabjerg beach, North Jutland, coast of Skagerack, Denmark	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore	Architeuthis monachus	Entire	Jaws only; radula discarded after poor preservation; jaws cut out; portion used for bait; remainder buried after 2 days		80-85kg; jaw measurements Steenstrup (1898:[270])	ZMUC; holotype of Architeuthis monachus Steenstrup, 1857 [fide Kristensen & Knudsen (1983:222)]	Steenstrup (1855:[14]); arting (1860:11); Steenstrup (1898:[258], pl.); Kristensen & Knudsen (1983:222)	Steenstrup (1857:[18]); Gervais (1875:91); Verrill (1875b:84); Posselt (1890:144); Nordgard (1928:71)	"Architeuthis monachus" Steenstrup = nomen nudum [fide Robson (1933:690)].
	5 November, 1855	western part of the Atlantic Ocean (31°N, 76°W)	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Not stated; presumably found floating at surface	Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857; Architeuthis titan [fide Verrill (1875)]	Arm, suckers, and gladius	Arm, suckers, and gladius	Male	WL: 377 cm; AL: 1/2 whole length [fide Steenstrup]; beak measurements; GL: 6ft [fide Verrill citing Harting]	ZMUC; holotype of Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857 [fide Kristensen & Knudsen (1983:222)]	Steenstrup (1857:[18]); Steenstrup (1882:[160]); Steenstrup (1898:[260, 298]); Kristensen & Knudsen (1983:222)	Verrill (1875b:84); Posselt (1890:144); Toll & Hess (1981:753)	Obtained by Capt. V. Hygom.
	December, 1855	Aalbaekbugten, Denmark	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore	Architeuthis sp.	Entire?	Undetermined		None		Muus (1959:170)	Posselt (1890:144)
	1860	between Hillswick and Scalloway, Shetland, Scotland	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore	Architeuthis monachus Steenstrup, 1857; Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857 [fide Stephen (1962:154)]		Undetermined		TL: 16 ft; AL: ~8 ft; BL: ~7ft		Jeffreys (1869:124); Stephen (1944:263)	Pfeffer (1912:26); Collins (1998:489)
	30 November, 1861? [=1860 Rees & Maul]	about 20 miles northeast of Teneriffe, Canary Islands	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Found on surface	Loligo bouyeri [fide Crosse & Fischer]	Entire, decomposed	None		BL: 15-18 ft	None	Crosse & Fischer (1862); Kent (1874:180); Verrill (1875b:86)	Kent (1875:491); Gervais (1875:93); Rees & Maul (1956:266)	Observed only by officers of the French gunboat Alecton; sketch made.
	1870 (winter)	Lamaline, Newfoundland	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore	Architeuthis monachus of Steenstrup	Entire?			Two; WL: 40ft and WL: 47ft	Unknown; Verrill specimens No. 8 & 9	Murray (1874a:162); Verrill (1875a:36); Verrill (1880a:187)	Harvey (1874:69); Kent (1874:182)	Data from Mr. Harvey letter citing Rev. M. Gabriel's statement to Harvey.
	October, 1871	Grand Banks, Newfoundland	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Found floating at surface	Architeuthis princeps Verrill, 1875	Entire; part used as bait	Jaws obtained from Baird for examination by Verrill; lower jaw is syntype of Architeuthis princeps Verrill, 1875b		BL: ~15 ft; BD: 19 in; AL (mutilated): ~10 ft; AD: 7 in; AC: 22 in; beak; BC: 4 ft 8in; WT: 2000 lb	Jaws at NMNH [fide Verrill (1874a:158)][no longer extant?]. Verrill specimen No. 1	Packard (1873:91); Verrill (1874a:158); Verrill (1874b:167); Verrill (1875b:79, fig. 27); Verrill (1880a:181, 210, pl. 18 fig. 3)	Verrill (1880a:178); Pfeffer (1912:20)	Taken by Capt. Campbell, Schooner B.D. Haskins.
	1872 (autumn or winter)	Coombs Cove, Newfoundland	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Found alive in shallow water, having been driven ashore in heavy sea		Entire; "one long arm missing" (later changed to both present)			BL: 10 ft; BD: 3-4 ft; TL: 42 ft; AL: ~6 ft; AD: 9 in; skin + flesh: 2.25 in thick; EL: 52 ft	Unknown; Verrill specimen No. 3	Verrill (1874a:159); Verrill (1874b:167); Verrill (1875a:35); Verrill (1880a:183)	Owen (1881:163)	Specimen had a reddish colour. Verrill's data taken from newspaper accounts and 15/VI/1873 T.R. Bennett letter to Prof. Baird. Verrill (1880a:186) states his No. 6 is same specimen as No. 3. [This cannot be correct, since capture date for No. 6 is clearly stated as December 1874 by Verrill (1875c:213).]
	December, 1872	Bonivista Bay, Newfoundland	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore	?Architeuthis dux [fide Verrill (1874a)]; ?Architeuthis harveyi [fide Verrill (1880a)]	Entire (damaged arms)	Pair of jaws and two suckers		TL: 32 ft; AL: ~10 ft; BL: ~14 ft (estimate); BC: 6 ft	NMNH; Verrill specimen No. 4 (1875a:33); and possibly also Verrill specimen No. 11 (1875b:79)	Verrill (1874a:160); Verrill (1874b:167); Verrill (1875a:33); Verrill (1875b:79); Verrill (1880a:184, 187, pl. 16 figs. 5-6, pl. 25 fig. 5)	Pfeffer (1912:19)	Material from Rev. A. Munn, through Prof. Baird to Verrill.
	Unknown (1873 at latest)	North Atlantic Ocean	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	From Sperm Whale stomach	Architeuthis princeps Verrill, 1875	Upper and lower jaws	Upper and lower jaws		Beaks	Syntype of Architeuthis princeps Verrill, 1875b; Verrill specimen No. 10. Presented by Capt. N.E. Atwood of Provincetown, Massachusetts to the Essex Institute [fide Verrill (1875b)]; Peabody Academy of Science at Salem, Massachusetts [fide Verrill (1880a)].	Packard (1873:91, fig.); Verrill (1875a:22); Verrill (1875b:79, figs. 25-26); Verrill (1880a:187, 210, pls. 17-20)		Verrill states Packard's illustration is inaccurate.
	26 October, 1873	off Portugal Cove, Conception Bay, Newfoundland	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Found floating at surface	Megaloteuthis harveyi Kent, 1874; Architeuthis monachus of Steenstrup [fide Verrill (1875a:34)]; ?Architeuthis harveyi [fide Verrill (1880a:181)]	Entire	One tentacle; one arm discarded		(see Verrill, 1880a:220) TL (incomplete): 19 ft; TSD: 1.25 in; TC: 3.5 in; additional measurements based on photo (1875a:34); additional club measurement from Harvey letter (1875b:79); BL: ~10 ft	YPM?; holotype of Megaloteuthis harveyi Kent, 1874; Verrill specimen No. 2	Harvey (1874:67, pl.); Murray (1874a:161); Murray (1874b:120); Verrill (1874a:159); Verrill (1874b:167); Kent (1874:178, 182); Verrill (1875a:34); Verrill (1875b:78); Kent (1875:32); Verrill (1880a:181); Verrill (1882b:74)	Owen (1881:161); Pfeffer (1912:19); Aldrich (1992:457); "February Naturalist pg. 120"; "13 December Field"; "6 December 1873 American Sportsman"	Found floating at surface, struck by Mr. T. Picot from boat, attacked boat.
	25 November?, 1873	Logy Bay (~3 miles from St. John's), Newfoundland	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	In herring net	?Architeuthis monachus of Steenstrup [fide Verrill (1874a)]; Architeuthis harveyi (Kent, 1874) [fide Verrill (1880a)]	Entire (badly mutilated, head severed, etc.)	Miscellaneous parts obtained from Rev. M. Harvey (gladius and ?)		(see 1880a:220) BL: ~7 ft; BC: 5-6 ft; caudal fin: 22 in broad; TL: 24 ft; TC: 2.5 in; AL (all 8): 6 ft; AC (base): 10 in, 9 in, 8 in, 7 in; ASC: ~100; CSC: ~160; club description; extensive description of reconstructed parts	In Verrill's possession; Verrill specimen No. 5	Verrill (1874a:160); Verrill (1874b:167); Kent (1874:181); Verrill (1875a:23); Kent (1875:32) Verrill (1876:236); Verrill (1880a:184, 197, pls 13-16a); Pfeffer (1912:18); Aldrich (1992:457, fig 1A,B)	Harvey in Morning Chronicle (newspaper) of St. John's; Maritime Monthly Magazine of St. John's, March 1874; several newspapers	Verrill's data from letter to Dr. Dawson from M. Harvey. Photos made of a) entire body, somewhat mutilated anteriorly; b) head and 10 arms. Poorly preserved; first in brine, then in alcohol. Capture date given as December several times, then as November several times and as November 25 by Aldrich (1992:457).
	1874	Buoy, Foldenfjord, Norway	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore	Architeuthis dux	Entire	None		WL: ~4 m		Grieg (1933:19)	Nordgard (1928:71)
	December, 1874	Grand Bank, Fortune Bay, Newfoundland	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore	Architeuthis princeps	Entire, except for tail (cut up for dog food)	Jaws, 1 tentacular sucker		EL: 42-43 ft; HL+BL: 12-13 ft; ?TL: 30 ft; TL: 26 ft; TC: 16 in; BL: 10 ft; jaws	In Verrill's possession; Verrill specimen No. 6 and Verrill specimen No. 13	Verrill (1875a:35); Verrill (1875c:213); Verrill (1880a:186, 188, pl. 17 fig. 11)	Simms letter 27/X/1875 to Verrill	Data from 10/XII/1873 letter from Mr. Harvey to unknown individual citing measurements taken by G. Simms; Pfeffer (1912:21). Measurements are given differently in different papers. Verrill (1880a:186) states his No. 6 is same specimen as No. 3. [This cannot be correct, as capture date for No. 6 is clearly stated as December 1874 by Verrill (1875c:213).] Verrill (1880a:188, pl. 17) repeats record as his No. 13.
	Unknown (1875 at latest)	West St. Modent (on Labrador side), Strait of Belle Isle, Newfoundland	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Found alive	Architeuthis princeps or Architeuthis monachus of Steenstrup	Entire	None; cut up, salted, and barrelled for dog meat		TL?: 37 ft; BL+HL: 15 ft; WL: 52 ft; SD: ~2 in	None; Verrill specimen No. 7	Verrill (1875a:36); Verrill (1880a:186)	Dr. Honeyman article in Halifax newspaper	Data from unidentified third party cited in above newspaper article.
	1874? 1875? (winter)	near Harbor Grace, Newfoundland	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore			Destroyed		None taken	None; Verrill specimen No. 12	Verrill (1875b:79); Verrill (1880a:188)		"destroyed before its value became known, and no measurements are given"
	25 April, 1875	off Boffin Island, Connemara, Ireland	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	"Captured"	Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857	Entire	Beak and buccal mass, one arm, portions of both tentacles		TL: ~30 ft; CL: 2 ft 9 in; CSD: 1 in; AL: ~8 ft; AC: 15 in	NMI	More (1875b:123); Massy (1909:30)	Ritchie (1918:137); Massy (1928:32); Robson (1933:692); Hardy (1956:285); Collins (1998:489)	Preserved by Sergeant O'Connor.
	October, 1875	Grand Banks, Atlantic Ocean (44° - 44°30'N and 49°30'W - 49°50'W)	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Not stated; presumably found floating at surface		Multiple	None; cut up for cod bait		Filled 75 gallon tub; ~1,000 lb (No. 25); TL: 36ft (No. 26)	None; Verrill specimen No. 25 and Verrill specimen No. 26	Verrill (1881:396)		An unusual number (>25-30) of mostly dead giant squids found by Gloucester, Massachusetts fishermen.
	20 November, 1876	in Notre Dame Bay, southwest arm of Green Bay, Hammer Cove, Newfoundland	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore		Partial specimen; devoured by foxes and sea-birds	Piece of pen 16 in long		WH: 18 in; FW: 18 in	In Harvey's possession; Verrill specimen No. 15	Verrill (1880a:190); Verrill (1880b:284)	M. Harvey letter 25 August 1877 to Verrill
	1877?	Norway	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Not stated		Map location only					Sivertsen (1955:11, fig. 4)
	24 September, 1877	Catalina, Trinity Bay, Newfoundland	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore, alive	Architeuthis princeps	Entire	Loose suckers		(see 1880a:220) HL+BL: 9.5 ft; BC: 7 ft; TL: 30 ft; AL (longest, ventral): 11 ft; AC (ventral): 17 in; beak; FW: 2 ft 9in	In Verrill's possession; Verrill specimen No. 14	Verrill (1877:425); Verrill (1880a:189, pl. 17, figs. 1-10, pls. 19-20)	Owen (1881:163); Pfeffer (1912:21)	Measured fresh by M. Harvey; examined preserved (poorly) by Verrill at New York Aquarium. Later "prepared" for exhibition by taxidermist.
	October, 1877	Trinity Bay, Newfoundland	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Not stated		"big squid"	None		None taken	None; Verrill specimen No. 17	Verrill (1880a:191); Verrill (1880b:285)	M. Harvey letter 17 November 1877 to Verrill citing reference to specimen by John Duffet	Specimen cut up and used for manure.
	21 November, 1877	Smith's Sound, Lance Cove, Trinity Bay, Newfoundland	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore	?Architeuthis princeps	Entire	None; carried off by tide		BL(+HL?): 11 ft; TL: 33 ft; AL: 13 ft (estimate)	None; Verrill specimen No. 16	Verrill (1880a:190); Verrill (1880b:285)	M. Harvey letter 27 November 1877 to Verrill citing measurements taken by John Duffet	Found still alive, having "ploughed up a trench or furrow about 30 ft long and of considerable depth by the stream of water that it ejected with great force from its siphon. When the tide receded it died."
*	Unknown (1878 at latest)	Cape Sable, Nova Scotia, Canada	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore	Architeuthis megaptera Verrill, 1878 [= Sthenoteuthis pteropus (Steenstrup, 1855) fide Dunning (1998:428)]	Entire	Entire		BL: 14 in; WL: 43 in; extensive additional measurements	NSMC; catalog no. 1870-Z-2; holotype of Architeuthis megaptera Verrill, 1878 [fide Macalaster (1977:14). Verrill specimen No. 21	Verrill (1878:207); Verrill (1880a:193)		Non-architeuthid. Collected by J.M. Jones.
	2 November, 1878	near Little Bay Copper Mine, Thimble Tickle, Notre Dame Bay, Newfoundland	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Found aground off shore, alive	?Architeuthis princeps	Entire	None; cut up for dog food		BL+HL: 20 ft; TL: 35 ft	None; Verrill specimen No. 18	Verrill (1880a:191); Verrill (1880b:285)	M. Harvey letter 30 January, 1879 to Boston Traveller	Discovered by Stephen Sherring, fisherman.
	2 December, 1878	Three Arms, South Arm of Notre Dame Bay, Newfoundland	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore	?Architeuthis princeps	Entire, mutilated and with arms missing	None; cut up for dog food		BL+HL: 15 ft; BC: 12 ft; AL: 16 ft	None; Verrill specimen No. 19	Verrill (1880a:192); Verrill (1880b:286)	M. Harvey letter 30 January 1879 to Boston Traveller	Found dead by William Budgell, fisherman, after heavy gale.
	1879	off Nova Scotia, Canada (42°49'N, 62°57'W)	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	From fish stomach, Alepidosaurus [sic] ferox	?Architeuthis megaptera Verrill, 1878; ?Architeuthis harveyi (Kent, 1874)	Terminal part of tentacular arm	Portion of arm		18 in long	NMNH; catalog no. 576962. Verrill specimen No. 20	Verrill (1880a:193); Verrill (1880b:287)		Lancet fish taken by Capt. J.W. Collins of schooner Marion on halibut trawl-line.
	October, 1879	near Brigus, Conception Bay, Newfoundland	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Not stated		Two arms with other mutilated parts	None?		AL: 8 ft	None?; Verrill specimen No. 22	Verrill (1880a:194); Verrill (1880b:287)
	1 November, 1879	Jame's Cove, Bonavista Bay, Newfoundland	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Not stated		Entire	None; cut up by fishermen		WL: 38 ft; BL: 9 ft; BC: ~6 ft; TL: 29 ft	None; Verrill specimen No. 23	Verrill (1880a:194); Verrill (1880b:287)	Morning Chronicle of St. John's 9 December, 1879	Found alive and driven ashore.
	April, 1880	Grand Banks, Newfoundland	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Found dead at surface	Architeuthis harveyi (Kent, 1874)	Head, tentacles, and arms only	Head, tentacles, and arms		ASC: 330; extensive measurements and counts	YPM; catalog no. 12600y. Verrill specimen No. 24	Verrill (1881:259, pl. 26, pl. 38 figs. 3-7)	Pfeffer (1912:19)	Found dead by Capt. O.A. Whitten of schooner Wm.H. Oakes.
	~1880	Kvaenangen, Norway	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore	Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857	Entire	None		None		Grieg (1933:19)	Sivertsen (1955:11)
	~1880	Tonsvik, Tromsoysund, Norway	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore	Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857	Entire	None		None		Grieg (1933:19)
	October, 1880	Kilkee, County Clare, Ireland	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore	Architeuthis sp.						Ritchie (1918:137)	Nature, 22:585 (1880); Collins (1998:489)	Orignally cited as an octopus.
	10 November, 1881	Portugal Cove, near St. John's, Newfoundland	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Found floating dead near shore	Architeuthis harveyi (Kent, 1874)	Entire	Entire (somewhat mutilated and poorly preserved)		a) BL: 5.5 ft; HL: 1.25 ft; EL: 28 ft; BC: 4.5 ft b) ML: 4.16 ft; BC: 4 ft; FL: 1.75 ft; FW (single): 8 in; TL: 15 ft; CL: 2 ft; AL (ventral, minus tip): 4.66 ft; TC (base): 8.5 in; etc.	E.M. Worth Museum (101 Bowery, NY, NY). Verrill specimen No. 27	Verrill (1881:422); Verrill (1882a:71)	Morris article in 25 November, 1881 New York Herald; Morris article in 10 December, 1881 Harper's Weekly; Pfeffer (1912:19)	Obtained by Mr. Morris, photographed by E. Lyons (St. John's), shipped on ice by steamer Catima to New York, purchased and preserved by E.M. Worth. Measurements by a) Inspector Murphy (chief Board of Public Works) when iced; b) Verrill of fixed specimen.
	27 August, 1888	between Pico and St. George (38°33'57"N, 30°39'30"W) at depth of 1266 m, Azores Islands	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	By benthic trawl	Architeuthis? sp.? [fide Joubin (1895:34)]	Large beak	Undetermined		None		Joubin (1895:34)
	1889	Norway	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Not stated		Map location only					Sivertsen (1955:11, fig. 4)
	1892	Greenland	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Not stated	Architeuthis monachus	Undetermined; translation of paper needed					Posselt (1898:279)
*	18 July, 1895	near Angra (38°34'45"N, 29°37'W), Azores Islands	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Caught at surface (from Sperm Whale vomit) with shrimp net	Architeuthis sp.?; Non-architeuthid [fide Pfeffer (1912:27)]	Several jaws	Undetermined		None		Joubin (1900:46, pl. 14 figs. 1-2)	Pfeffer (1912:27); Clarke (1956:257)
	18 July, 1895	near Angra (38°34'45"N, 29°37'W), Azores Islands	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Caught at surface (from Sperm Whale vomit) using shrimp net	Dubioteuthis physeteris Joubin, 1900 [ = Architeuthis physeteris (Joubin, 1900) [fide Voss (1956:136)]]	Mantle only	Mantle	Male	ML: 460 mm; BD: 115 mm; FL: 220 mm; FW: 110 mm; GL: 390 mm	MOM; holotype of Dubioteuthis physeteris Joubin, 1900 [fide Belloc (1950:6); listed incorrectly as station 558]	Joubin (1900:102, pl. 15 figs. 8-10); Pfeffer (1912:24)	Hardy (1956:288); Toll & Hess (1981b:753)
	10 April, 1896	Kirkseteroren, Hevnefjord, Norway	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore	Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857	Entire	Entire	Female	BL: 2.5 m; AL: 2.5 m; TL: 7.25 m	VSM	Storm (1897:99); Grieg (1933:19)	Brinkmann (1916:178); Nordgard (1923:11); Nordgard (1928:71); Sivertsen (1955:11)
	27 September, 1896	Kirkseteroren, Hevnefjord, Norway	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore	Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857	Entire	Entire	Male	None	VSM	Storm (1897:99, fig. 20); Grieg (1933:19)	Brinkmann (1916:178, fig. 2); Nordgard (1923:11); Nordgard (1928:71); Sivertsen (1955:11); Toll & Hess (1981b:753)
	Unknown (1899 at latest)	off Mississippi Delta, Gulf of Mexico	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Found floating on surface	Architeuthis physeteris (Joubin, 1899)	Entire, in poor condition		Male	ML: 61.2 cm; extensive description		Voss (1956:136, fig 10)	Toll & Hess (1981b:753); Aldrich (1992:476)	Mature male with spermatophores.
	1902	north of Faeroes Islands, Atlantic Ocean	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Found floating at surface, dead	?Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857	Entire, very bad condition	Entire		BL+HL: 76 cm; ML: 63 cm; MW: 15 cm; FL: 26.7 cm; FW: 8 cm; TL: 214 cm; ASD: 8 mm; TSD: 11 mm	Bergen Museum [=ZMUB?]	Grieg (1933:20)		Young specimen taken by Michael Sars.
	15 August, 1903	Mjofjord, Iceland	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	From Sperm Whale stomach	Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857	Tentacle (partial), arm	Tentacle (from mouth of whale)		TD: 17 cm; AL?: 6 m	Bergen Museum [=ZMUB?]	Grieg (1933:21)		Length of arm given by whalers.
	July, 1906	?, Norway	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	From Sperm Whale stomach	Architeuthis sp.	Undetermined; translation of paper needed					Collett (1912:635)
	1907	?, Norway	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	From Sperm Whale stomach	Architeuthis sp.	Undetermined; translation of paper needed					Collett (1912:635)
	March, 1909	off Highland Light, Truro, Massachusetts	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Not stated; floating at surface?	Architeuthis sp.	Entire	None		AL: 7 ft 6 in; WL?: ~16-17 ft; AD: 4 in	None	Blake (1909:43)		Found by schooner Annie Perry; attempted to be hoisted aboard but cut in half by rope; tentacle [arm] saved but later discarded.
	July, 1909	?, Norway	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	From Sperm Whale stomach	Architeuthis sp.	Undetermined; translation of paper needed					Collett (1912:635)
	September, 1910	off coast of Mayo, Ireland	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	From two Sperm Whale stomachs	Architeuthis sp.	Two upper beaks	Undetermined		None		Massy (1913:2)		From Captain Bruun.
	1910/1911? (autumn)	Lundenes, Grytoy, Senjen, Norway	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore	Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857	Entire	None		WL: 1.2 m		Brinkmann (1916:178); Grieg (1933:20)	Nordgard (1928:71); Sivertsen (1955:11)
	February, 1912	Veiholmen, Smola, Norway	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Found in shallow water	Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857	Entire	Entire		BL: 1.9 m; TL: 6.7 m	Kristiansund Museum	Brinkmann (1916:180, fig. 3); Grieg (1933:20)	Nordgard (1928:71); Sivertsen (1955:11)
	June-September, 1913	Belmullet whaling station, Ireland	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	From Sperm Whale stomach	Architeuthis harveyi (Kent, 1874)	Entire, plus other parts	Tip of tentacle; beak and radula; other dry beaks plus portion of gladius		ML: 6 ft; BC: 4 ft; AL: 6 ft; TL: 21 ft; FL: 1 ft 7 in; FW: 1 ft 9.5 in	Undetermined; University of Liverpool?	Hamilton (1915:137); Hardy (1956:286); Collins (1998:489)		From 57 ft 3 in male Sperm Whale (no. 22) examined by J.E. Hamilton.
	22 November, 1915	Leroy, Austreim, north of Bergen, Norway	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore	Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857	Entire	Entire	Male	ML+HL: 1550 mm; ML: 1310 mm; BD: 440 mm; HW: 310 mm; FL: 430 mm; FW: 105; ALI: 1780 mm; ALIV: 1640 mm; TL: 5600 mm	Bergen Museum [=ZMUB?]	Brinkmann (1916:175, fig. 1); Grieg (1933:17)	Nordgard (1928:71); Sivertsen (1955:11); Toll & Hess (1981b:754)	Plaster cast made of specimen also in Bergen Museum.
	17 March, 1916	Hellandsjo, west of Hevnefjord, Norway	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore, alive	Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857	Entire	A little of the front part, tentacles and arms; remainder used for bait		TL: 6.2 m	VSM	Brinkmann (1916:180); Grieg (1933:20)	Nordgard (1923:11); Nordgard (1928:71); Sivertsen (1955:11)	With sucker response when found by J.F. Vaagan.
	November, 1916	Oyvag, Djonna, Helgoland, Atlantic Ocean	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore	Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857	Entire?	None		None		Grieg (1933:20)
	29 October, 1917	Skateraw (55°58.5'N, 02°25'W), Berwickshire, Scotland	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore	Architeuthis harveyi (Kent, 1874); Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857	Entire	Club and gladius fragment		BL+HL: 5 ft 9 in; FW: 19 in; AL: 4 ft; AC: 9.5 in; TL: 13 ft 10 in; CL: 2 ft 6 in; other measurements and description	NMSZ catalog no. 1917.54.1-2	Ritchie (1918:133); Ritchie (1922:423); Robson (1933:692); Heppell & Smith (1983:35)	Stephen (1944:264); Stephen (1962:154); Collins (1998:489)	Observations by J. Ritchie after earlier mutilation of specimen by local boys. Colour drawing by Ritchie in NMSZ.
	1918	County Clare, Ireland	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore	Architeuthis sp.	Not specified	Undetermined		None		Hardy (1956:286)	Collins (1998:489)
	November, 1919	Oyvag of Donna, off coast of Nordland, Norway	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Not stated	Architeuthis dux	Entire?	Undetermined		None		Nordgard (1923:11)	Nordgard (1928:71); Sivertsen (1955:11, fig. 4)
	February, 1920	Vallay, North Uist, Outer Hebrides, Scotland	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore	Architeuthis or Sthenoteuthis [fide Ritchie]; Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857 [fide Stephen]	Entire	None		"Length of squid": 3.5-4 ft; AL: ~1 ft		(1920:57)	Stephen (1944:264); Stephen (1962:154); Collins (1998:489)	Information from Mr. G. Beveridge.
	1921	Wick, Moray Firth, Scotland	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Not stated	Architeuthis dux	Beak and sucker ring, dry	Sucker ring; beak lost, photo only extant		None	NMSZ	Heppell & Smith (1983:33)	Collins (1998:489)
	1922	Caithness, North of Scotland	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore	Architeuthis harveyi (Kent, 1874); Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857 [fide Stephen (1962:154)]	Not specified	Undetermined		None	NMSZ	Ritchie (1922:423); Robson (1933:692)	Stephen (1944:264); Hardy (1956:287); Stephen (1962:154)
	13 December, 1927	Kalveidoy, Fitjar, Norway	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore	Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857	Entire	None		BL: 1 m; TL: 6.5 m		Grieg (1933:19)	Sivertsen (1955:11)
	4 March, 1928	Ranheim (about 8 km east of Trondheim), Norway	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore	Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857	Entire	Entire	Male	WL?: ~7.9 m; ML: 1.37 m; AL: 1.4-1.5 m; TL: 6.4 m	VSM	Nordgard (1928:70, text-fig.); Grieg (1933:20)	Sivertsen (1955:5); Aldrich (1992:476)	Spermatophores present.
	24 January, 1930	Gullane (56°02.5'N, 02°51'W), East Lothian, Scotland	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore	Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857	Entire	Undetermined; Stephen specimen No. 1		BL+HL: 1803 mm; HL: 381 mm; HC: 711 mm; ML: 1422 mm; BC (at mantle edge): 1143 mm; additional measurements	NSMZ; catalog no. 1930.174	Stephen (1962:151); Heppell & Smith (1983:34)	Collins (1998:489)	Data from unpublished Ritchie manuscript; see Heppell & Smith concerning locality data.
	14 January, 1933	Scarborough, Yorkshire, England	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore	Architeuthis clarkei Robson, 1933	Entire	Entire		ML: 5 ft 5 in; MW: 1 ft 10 in; FL: 2 ft 1.5 in; FW (total): 1 ft 7 in; numerous additional measurements	BMNH 1933.1.30.5 + 1926.3.31.24 (radula and beak); holotype of Architeuthis clarkei Robson, 1933	Robson (1933:681, text-figs. 1-7, pl. 1)	Stevenson (1935:114); Stephen (1944:264); Hardy (1956:286); Collins (1998:489)	Specimen obtained by W.J. Clarke.
	December, 1933	Dildo, Newfoundland	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Not stated				Male	ML: 1560 mm		Frost (1934:xxx)	Knudsen (1957:189); Toll & Hess (1981b:754); Aldrich (1992:476)	A replica of this giant squid is now on display in Dildo.
	26 June, 1935	Gulf of Gascogne at depth of 200 m (46°50'N)	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	By trawl	Architeuthis nawaji [fide Cadenat (1935)]; Architeuthis harveyi [fide Cadenat (1936)]	Entire	Undetermined; translation of paper needed	Female	EL: 818 cm; ML: 138 cm; FL: 60 cm; TL: 645 cm; AL(IV): 112 cm; AL(I): 110 cm	?MHNLR	Cadenat (1935:513); Cadenat (1936:277, figs. 1-3)		Caught by Palombe.
	12 November, 1935	Harbour Main, Conception Bay, Newfoundland	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore	Architeuthis sp.		Undetermined	Female	ML: 7 ft 2 in; BC: 6 ft 10 in; FL: 2 ft 9 in; FW: 2 ft 1 in; TL: 17 ft 3 in; HL: 1 ft 7 in	Undetermined	Frost (1936, figs 1-10); Stephen (1962:155)
	7 January, 1937	off [[]]Bell Rock (56°26'N, 02°23'W), Angus, Arbroath, Scotland	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	By trawl	Architeuthis harveyi (Kent, 1874); Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857 [fide Stephen (1962:154)]	Entire	Tentacles and one arm		BL: ~7 ft; AL: 92 cm; TL: 368 + 421 cm	NMSZ; catalog no. 1977107.1	Stephen (1937:131); Heppell & Smith (1983:34)	Stephen (1944:264); Stephen (1962:154); Collins (1998:489)	Captured alive in trawl, tentacles and one arm cut off and remainder discarded. Date of capture incorrect in Heppell & Smith (1983).
	1939	Norway	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Not stated		Map location only					Sivertsen (1955:11, fig. 4)
	1946	Vikebukt, Norway	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Undetermined	Architeuthis sp.	Map location only	Undetermined				Sivertsen (1955:11, fig. 4)
	September, 1946	Romsdal, Norway	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore	Architeuthis sp.	Entire	Undetermined		EL: 9.35 m; other measurements		Myklebust (1946:377, fig. 1)	Sivertsen (1955:11, map)
	7 September, 1949	Hirtshals, Denmark	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Not stated	Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857	Entire	Undetermined		TL: 1.75 m ["totallaengde uden fangarme"; "total length without tentacles"]		Muus (1959:170)
	2 October, 1949	Whalefirth Voe (60°35'N, 01°10'W), Shetland, Scotland	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore	Architeuthis sp.	Entire	Jaws and sucker rings		BL: ~4 ft; AL: ~6 ft; TL: ~20 ft	NMSZ; catalog nos. 1950.2 + 1950.3	Stephen (1950:52); Heppell & Smith (1983:33)	Collins (1998:489)	Cut up for bait. Jaw, description, and sketch sent by Dr. Petersen and two suckers sent by Mr. J. Inkster to NMSZ.
	30 November, 1949	Bay of Nigg, Aberdeen, Scotland	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore	Architeuthis sp. [fide Rae (1950)]; Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857 [fide Stephen (1962)]	Entire	Undetermined; entire?	Female	ML: 117 cm; HL: 28 cm; FL: 44.5 cm; FW: 37.5 cm; extensive additional measurements and description	?Marine Laboratory, Aberdeen, Scotland. Stephen (1962) specimen No. 2	Rae (1950:163, pls. 20-21)	Hardy (1956:pl. 22); Stephen (1962:148); Boyle (1986:82); Collins (1998:489)
	14 December, 1951	Angus, Easthaven, Scotland	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore	Architeuthis harveyi	Entire	Jaws, radula, and piece of arm with suckers		ML: 4 ft 9 in	Undetermined	Stephen (1953:121)	Collins (1998:489)	Mutilated prior to examination.
	January, 1952	Carnoustie, Scotland	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore	Architeuthis sp.	Not specified	Undetermined		None		Hardy (1956:287)
	12 June, 1952	off Sao Lourenco, Madeira Island	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	From Sperm Whale stomach, vomited up	Architeuthis sp.	Entire	"Fragments"		ET: 10,600 mm; ML: 1,860 mm; TL: 8,500 mm; AL: 2,800 mm; BC: 1,360 mm; TC: 330 mm; WT: 150 kg	MMF	Rees & Maul (1956:266)	Clarke (1962:173)	Still exhibited some signs of life after being vomited.
	1953	Norway	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Not stated		Map location only					Sivertsen (1955:11, fig. 4)
	22 June, 1954	1 mile north of Skaw (Skagerack), Denmark	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Found alive on surface	Architeuthis sp.	Entire	Undetermined	Male	ML: 1010 mm; HL: 275 mm; TL: 4,900 mm; AL(dorsal): 800 mm; hecto.: 90 mm + 1530 mm; internal anatomy	ZMUC?	Knudsen (1957:189, figs. 1-5)	Kjennerud (1958:1); Muus (1959:170); Aldrich (1992:476); Stephen (1962:155); Toll & Hess (1981b:753)	Discovered by fishermen. Mature male with spermatophores and both ventral arms hectocotylised; colour notes.
	30 July, 1954	Ranheim, Trondheim Fjord, Norway	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Not stated	Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857	Entire	Undetermined		WL: 7.5 m; BL: 1.3 m; AL(shorter): 1.9 m; TL: 6.2 m		Sivertsen (1955:5)
	2 October, 1954	Ranheim, Trondheim Fjord, Norway	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	Not stated	Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857	Entire	Entire		WL: 9.24 m; BL: 2.14 m; AL(shorter): 1.9 m; TL: 7.1 m; ML: 1.79 m; MW: 0.57 m; FL: 0.52 m; FW(each): 0.18 m; TSD: 2.6 cm; ASD: 1.5 cm \|\| VSM \|\| Sivertsen (1955:5, fig. 1) \|\| Clarke (1966:fig. 4) \|\|
	4 July, 1955	off Fayal Island (38°21'N, 29°08'W), Azores Islands	Northeast Atlantic Ocean	From Sperm Whale stomach	Architeuthis sp.	Entire	Undesignated anatomical material		WT: 405 lb; EL: 34 ft 5 in; WL: 16 ft 3 in; ML: 6 ft 6 in; BD: 1 ft 11 in	National Institute of Oceanography?	Clarke (1955, 5 figs.)	Clarke (1956:257, pl. 2 fig. 2)	Squid swallowed whole by 47ft Sperm Whale (no. F346). Examined at Porto Pim whaling station.
	Unknown (1956 at latest)	off Fowey Rocks, Florida, United States	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Found floating at surface	Architeuthis princeps or Architeuthis harveyi	Entire, mutilated	Undetermined		WL?: 47 ft [fide Rathjen]	RSMAS [fide Rathjen]; no longer extant [fide Voss (1956:138)]	Voss (1956:138)	Rathjen (1973:24, fig. 7)
	December, 1961	King's Cove, Bonavista Bay, Newfoundland	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Not stated	Architeuthis sp.	Entire?	None			Undetermined	Aldrich (1992:459)
	23 October, 1964	Conche, White Bay, Newfoundland	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Found floating at surface	Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857	Entire	Beaks, gladius, arms, and tentacles	Female	ML: 185 cm; additional measurements and description	MUDB; Aldrich specimen No. 1	Aldrich (1992:461, figs. 3-4)	Aldrich (1968:395); Aldrich & Brown (1967:4, figs.)	Cestode found in caecum by Pippy & Aldrich (1969). Tentacular regeneration documented by Aldrich & Aldrich (1968:845, figs. 1-3).
	5 December, 1964	Chapel Arm, Trinity Bay, Newfoundland	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Found dead on bottom	Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857	Entire	None; discarded	Female	ML: 126 cm; additional measurements and description	None; Aldrich specimen No. 2	Aldrich (1992:466, fig. 5)	Aldrich (1968:395)	Possibly seen alive in September on several occasions.
	29 September, 1965	Newman's Cove, Bonavista Bay, Newfoundland	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Not stated	Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857	Portion of mantle, tail, and viscera	None; discarded	Female	ML (estimate): 1.37 m	None; Aldrich specimen No. 3	Aldrich (1992:467)	Aldrich (1968:395)
	8 October, 1965	Lance Cove, Trinity Bay, Newfoundland	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Found floating at surface	Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857	Entire	Parts (unspecified)	Female	ML: 127 cm; additional measurements	MUDB; Aldrich specimen No. 4	Aldrich (1992:469, fig. 6)	Voss (1967:407, fig.); Aldrich & Brown (1967:6, fig.); Aldrich (1968:395, fig. 2)
	24 November, 1965	Springdale Beach, Notre Dame Bay, Newfoundland	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore	Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857	Entire	None; discarded		ML: 161 cm; BL(+HL?): 2.13 m; TL: 3.66 m; GL: 147 cm; additional measurements	None; Aldrich specimen No. 5	Aldrich (1992:469, fig. 7)	Aldrich (1968:395)
	9 November, 1966	Sweet Bay, Bonavista Bay, Newfoundland	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Not stated	Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857	Entire; tentacles missing and arms incomplete	Entire	Female	ML: 142 cm; additional measurements and description	MUDB; Aldrich specimen No. 6	Aldrich (1992:470)	Aldrich & Brown (1967:8, fig.); Aldrich (1968:395, as 11 November)
	24 November, 1966	Wild Cove, Fogo Island, Notre Dame Bay, Newfoundland	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore	Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857	Entire, badly mutilated	None; discarded	Female	ML: 107 cm; additional measurements	None; Aldrich specimen No. 7	Aldrich (1992:471)	Aldrich (1968:395)
	28 November, 1966	Eddie's Cove East, Strait of Belle Isle, Newfoundland	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Not stated	Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857	Entire, putrified	None; discarded		None	None; Aldrich specimen No. 8	Aldrich (1992:471)	Aldrich (1968:395)
	18 September, 1970	off St. Pierre Island, Grand Banks, Atlantic Ocean	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	By trawl	Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857	Entire	Entire		None	FOSJ; Aldrich specimen No. 9	Aldrich (1992:471)		Presented by Government of France in October, 1970.
	18 November, 1971	Sunnyside, Trinity Bay, Newfoundland	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Not stated	Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857	Entire	Arms and tentacles only	Female	ML: 177 cm; additional measurements	MUDB; Aldrich specimen No. 10	Aldrich (1992:471, fig. 8A-B)
	Unknown (1972 at latest)	off east coast, Florida, United States	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Found floating at surface	Architeuthis sp.	Entire	Entire	Male (mature)	ML: 664 mm	RSMAS; catalog no. UMML 31.1762	Toll & Hess (1981b:753)	Roper & Young (1972:220)
	28 October, 1975	Bonavista, Bonavista Bay, Newfoundland	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore	Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857	Entire	None; discarded	Male (mature)	ML: 132 cm; additional measurements	None; Aldrich specimen No. 11	Aldrich (1992:472, fig. 9A-D)		Mature male with hectocotylus and spermatophores.
	21 November, 1977	Lance Cove, Trinity Bay, Newfoundland	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore	Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857	Entire	None		Unknown size	None; Aldrich specimen No. 12	Aldrich (1992:472)		Report only, specimen not observed.
	21 June, 1978	off Fort Lauderdale, Straits of Florida, United States	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	From fish stomach, Xiphias gladius	Architeuthis sp.	Entire	Entire	Male (mature)	ML: 167+ mm; GL: 179 mm; additional extensive description	RSMAS; catalog no. UMML 31.1761	Toll & Hess (1981b:754, fig 1)	Toll & Hess (1981a:768); Hess & Toll (1981:162, fig 4)	From stomach of female swordfish (205 cm fork length).
	19 November, 1979	St. Brendan's, Cottel's Island, Bonavista Bay, Newfoundland	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore	Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857	Entire, in several pieces	None; discarded	Female	ML: 154 cm; additional measurements	None; Aldrich specimen No. 13	Aldrich (1992:473)
	1980	Plum Island, Massachusetts, United States	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore	Architeuthis sp.	Entire	Entire		EL: ~10m; ML: ~2m	NMNH; catalog no. 814000	Roper & Boss (1982:96)		Currently on exhibit.
	14 November, 1981	Hare Bay, Bonavista Bay, Newfoundland	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore	Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857	Entire	Entire	Female	ML: 159 cm; additional measurements	Natural History Branch of Newfoundland Museum; catalog no. MO-1692. Aldrich specimen No. 14	Aldrich (1992:473)
	30 October, 1982	Sandy Cove, Fogo Island, Notre Dame Bay, Newfoundland	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Found washed ashore	Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857	Entire, in poor condition	Entire?	Female	ML: 169 cm; additional measurements	NMSJ; catalog no. MO-1693. Aldrich specimen No. 15	Aldrich (1992:474, fig. 10)		"had engaged in battle with what apparently was another cephalopod"
	15-16 July, 1992	northwest of Chatham Islands; see [1]	Southwest Pacific Ocean	Sighting	Architeuthis sp.	Larva(e)			Larva(e)		O'Shea
	April, 1999	Northeast Providence Channel, Bahamas	Northwest Atlantic Ocean	Found floating at surface	Architeuthis sp.	Entire; distal half of tentacles missing	Entire, in two pieces	Male (mature)	EL: 11 ft	RSMAS	Anonymous (1999:1)
	28 September, 2000	south of Wellington, North Island; see [2]	Southwest Pacific Ocean	Sighting	Architeuthis sp.	Larva(e)			Larva(e)		O'Shea
	Unknown	east of Palmerston North, North Island; see [3]	Southwest Pacific Ocean	Sighting	Architeuthis sp.	Larva(e)			Larva(e)		O'Shea
	30 September, 2004	off Ogasawara Islands at depth of 900 m (26°57.3'N, 142°16.8'E; approximately 600 miles south of Tokyo)	Northwest Pacific Ocean	Sighted in natural habitat; line baited with squid and shrimp	Architeuthis sp.	Entire; live animal sighted and photographed	5.5 m long portion of tentacle attached to line		Recovered tentacle: 5.5 m long; TCL: 720 mm; LSD: 28 mm; ML(estimate based on TCL): 1615 mm; ML(estimate based on LSD): 1709 mm; WL(estimate): ~4.7 m; EL(estimate): >8 m		Kubodera & Mori (2005)	Numerous news agencies	First images of live giant squid in its natural habitat. Feeding behaviour observed; "Architeuthis appears to be a much more active predator than previously suspected, using its elongate feeding tentacles to strike and tangle prey". (see [4])

* Incorrectly identified as belonging to the genus Architeuthis.

Taxa associated with Architeuthis

The following tables list the nominal genus and species level taxa historically associated with the genus Architeuthis.

Genera

Genus name and author citation	Current systematic status	Type species
Architeuthus [Architeuthis] Steenstrup, 1857:183.	Nomen tantum; see Hoyle (1910:407-408)	Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857 by subsequent designation of Hoyle (1910:408)
Architeuthis Steenstrup in Harting, 1860:11.	Valid genus [fide Hoyle (1910:408)]	Architeuthis dux Steenstrup in Harting, 1860 by subsequent designation of Hoyle (1910:408)
Dinoteuthis More, 1875:4527.	Architeuthis Steenstrup, 1857 [fide Pfeffer (1912:15)]	Dinoteuthis proboscideus More, 1875 by monotypy
Dubioteuthis Joubin, 1900:102.	Architeuthis Steenstrup, 1857 [fide Pfeffer (1912:15)]	Dubioteuthis physeteris Joubin, 1900 by monotypy
Megaloteuthis Kent, 1874:181.	Architeuthis Steenstrup, 1857 [fide Verrill (1879-1880:197)]	Megaloteuthis harveyi Kent, 1874 by monotypy
Megateuthis Hilgendorf, 1880:65.	Architeuthis Steenstrup, 1857 [fide Pfeffer (1912:15)]	Megateuthis martensii Hilgendorf, 1880 by monotypy
Mouchezis Velain, 1877:81, text-fig. 8.	Architeuthis Steenstrup, 1857 [fide Hoyle (1910:411)]	Mouchezis sancti-pauli Velain, 1877 by monotypy
Plectoteuthis Owen, 1881:156.	Architeuthis Steenstrup, 1857 [fide Verrill (1880-1881:401)]	Plectoteuthis grandis Owen, 1881 by monotypy
Steenstrupia Kirk, 1882:286.	Preoccupied and synonym of Architeuthis Steenstrup, 1857 [fide Verrill (1882:477)]	Steenstrupia stockii Kirk, 1882 by monotypy

Species

Binomial name and author citation	Current systematic status	Type locality	Type repository
Loligo bouyeri Crosse & Fischer, 1862:138	Architeuthid? [fide Gervais (1875:93)]	Canary Islands?	Unresolved
Architeuthis clarkei Robson, 1933:682, text-figs. 1-7, pl. 1.	Undetermined	Scarborough Beach, Yorkshire, England	BMNH Holotype 1933.1.30.5 + 1926.3.31.24 (radula and beak)[fide Lipinski et al. (2000:106)]
Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857:183	Nomen tantum
Architeuthis dux Steenstrup in Harting, 1860:11, pl. 1 fig. 1A.	Valid species [fide Nesis (1987:218)]	31°N, 76°W (Atlantic Ocean)	ZMUC Holotype [fide Kristensen & Knudsen (1983:222)]
Plectoteuthis grandis Owen, 1881:156, pls. 34-35.	Architeuthis sp. [fide Pfeffer (1912:2)]	Not indicated	BMNH Holotype [fide Owen (1881:156)] [not traced by Lipinski et al. (2000)]
Loligo hartingii Verrill, 1875b:86, fig 28.	Valid species; [Architeuthis hartingii fide Verrill (1879-1880a:240)]	Not indicated	University of Utrecht as Architeuthis dux, identification by Harting
Megaloteuthis harveyi Kent, 1874:181.	Architeuthis sp.	Conception Bay, Newfoundland	YPM Type 12600y [fide S.S. Berry unpublished notes at NMNH]
Architeuthis japonica Pfeffer, 1912:27.	Undetermined	Tokyo Bay, Japan	Undetermined; Holotype [= Mitsukuri & Ikeda (1895:39-50, pl. 10)]
Architeuthis kirkii Robson, 1887:155.	Architeuthis stockii (Kirk, 1882) [fide Forch (1998:89)]	Cape Campbell, New Zealand	NMNZ Holotype M.125404 + ?M.125406 [fide Marshall (1996:45)]
Architeuthis longimanus Kirk, 1888:34, pls. 7-9.	Architeuthis stockii (Kirk, 1882) [fide Forch (1998:89)]	Lyall Bay, New Zealand	NMNZ Holotype; specimen not located [fide Marshall (1996:46)]
Megateuthis martensii Hilgendorf, 1880		Yedo Japan fish market, Japan	ZMB Moll. 34716 + 38980
Architeuthis megaptera Verrill, 1878		Nova Scotia, Canada	NSMC 1870–Z-2
Architeuthis? monachus Steenstrup, 1857:184.	Nomen tantum
Architeuthis monachus Steenstrup in Harting, 1860:11.	Architeuthis dux Steenstrup, 1857 [fide Stephen (1962:154)]	Raabjerg Strand; Northwest coast of Jutland, Denmark [fide Kristensen & Knudsen (1983:223)]	ZMUC Holotype [fide Kristensen & Knudsen (1983:223)]
Architeuthis mouchezi Velain, 1875:1002.	Nomen nudum
Architeuthis nawaji Cadenat, 1935:513.	Undetermined	Ile d'Yeu, Bay of Biscay, France	Unresolved
Dubioteuthis physeteris Joubin, 1900:102, pl. 15.	Valid species; Architeuthis physeteris [fide Voss (1956:136)]	Azores (38°34'45"N, 29°37'W); from Sperm Whale stomach	MOM Holotype [station 588] [fide Belloc (1950:6); listed incorrectly as station 558]
Architeuthis princeps Verrill, 1875a:22.	Nomen nudum
Architeuthis princeps Verrill, 1875b:79, figs. 25-27.	Undetermined	a) Grand Banks, Newfoundland; b) North Atlantic (Sperm Whale stomach)	NMNH? [not found in collections to date]; Syntypes (a) Verrill specimen No. 1, lower beak; b) Verrill specimen No. 10, upper and lower beak)
Dinoteuthis proboscideus More, 1875:4527.	Architeuthis sp. [fide Pfeffer (1912:2)]	Dingle, Kerry County, Ireland	Unresolved
Mouchezis sanctipauli Velain, 1877:81, text-fig. 8.	Valid species; Architeuthis sanctipauli [fide Undetermined]	on beach, St. Paul Island (38°43'S, 77°32'E), South Indian Ocean	MNHN Holotype 3-2-658 and 3-2-659 (tentacular clubs only) [fide Lu et al. (1995:324)]
Steenstrupia stockii Kirk, 1882:286, pl. 36 figs. 2-4.	Valid species; Architeuthis stockii [fide Forch (1998:89)][Architeuthid fide Pfeffer (1912:2)]	Cook Strait, New Zealand	NMNZ Holotype M.125405 + M.125403 [fide Marshall (1996:45)]
Architeuthis titan Steenstrup in Verrill, 1875b:84. [in Verrill (1881:238, footnote)]	Nomen nudum
Architeuthis verrilli Kirk, 1882:284, pl. 36 fig. 1.	Species dubium [fide Forch (1998:89)]	Island Bay, Cook Strait, New Zealand	NMNZ Holotype; [see Forch (1998:89)]

Abbreviations

The following abbreviations are used in the table of giant squid specimens and sightings.

Measurements

Abbreviations used for measurements and counts are based on standardised acronyms in teuthology, with the exception of several found in older references.

AC, arm circumference
AD, arm diameter
AL, arm length
ASC, arm sucker count
ASD, arm sucker diameter
BC, body circumference (assumed as greatest circumference of mantle when not otherwise specified)
BD, body diameter (assumed as greatest diameter of mantle)
BL, body length (usually means same as mantle length, since head length is often given separately)
CL, club length (usually means expanded portion of tentacle)
CSC, club sucker count
CSD, club sucker diameter (usually largest) [usually equals LSD]
EC, egg count
ED, egg diameter
EL, "entire" length (end of tentacle(s), often stretched, to posterior tip of tail; in contrast to WL, measured from end of arms to posterior tip of tail)
FL, fin length
FW, fin width
GL, gladius length
GW, gladius width
HC, head circumference
HL, head length (most often base of arms to edge of mantle)
HW, head width
LRL, lower rostral length of beak
LSD, largest sucker diameter (on the tentacle club) [usually equals CSD]
ML, mantle length (used only where stated as such)
TC, tentacle circumference (most often of tentacle stalk)
TCL, tentacle club length
TD, tentacle diameter (most often of tentacle stalk)
TL, tentacle length
TSD, tentacle sucker diameter (usually largest)
WL, "whole" length (end of arms, often damaged, to posterior tip of tail; in contrast to EL, measured from end of tentacles to posterior tip of tail)
WT, weight

Repositories

Institutional acronyms are those defined by Leviton et al. (1985) and Leviton & Gibbs (1988). Where the acronym is unknown, the full repository name is listed.

AMS, Australian Museum, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
BMNH, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, England (formerly British Museum (Natural History))
EI, Essex Institute, Salem, MA, United States
FOSJ, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
ICM, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
MCNOPM, Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Puerto Madryn (Museum of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Puerto Madryn, Argentina
MHNLR, Museum d'Historie Naturelle, La Rochelle, France
MHNN, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle (Musee Barla), Nice, France
MMF, Museu Municipal do Funchal, Funchal, Madeira
MNHN, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
MOM, Musee Oceanographique, Monaco
MUDB, Department of Biology, Memorial University, Newfoundland, Canada
NIWA, National Institute of Water and Atmosphere, Wellington, New Zealand
NMI, National Museum of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
NMML, National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, United States
NMNH, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States
NMNZ, National Museum of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (formerly Colonial Museum; Dominion Museum)
NMSZ, National Museum of Scotland, Zoology Department, Edinburgh, Scotland (formerly Royal Museum of Scotland; formerly Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh)
NMSJ, Newfoundland Museum, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
NMV, Museum of Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (formerly National Museum of Victoria)
NSMC, Nova Scotia Museum, Halifax, Canada
PASS, Peabody Academy of Science, Salem, MA, United States (now in Peabody Museum of Salem?)
RSMAS, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida, United States
SAM, South African Museum, Cape Town, South Africa
SAMA, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, Australia
SBMNH, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California, United States
VSM, Det Kgl. Norske Videnskabers Selskab Museet, Trondheim, Norway
YPM, Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
ZMB, Zoologisches Museum, Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universitat,Berlin, Germany
ZMMGU, Zoological Museum, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
ZMUB, Universitetet i Bergen, Bergen, Norway
ZMUC, Kobenhavns Universitet, Zoologisk Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark

Cited references

File:Giant squid harveyi.jpg

A. E. Verrill's reconstruction of "Architeuthis Harveyi", the Logy Bay giant squid pictured above

File:Gaint Squid Sketch.jpg

Sketch of giant squid in Thimble Tickle, Newfoundland on November 2, 1878

One of the first images of a live giant squid in its natural habitat, taken by Tsunemi Kubodera and Kyoichi Mori on 30 September, 2004

The following references are cited in the table of giant squid specimens and sightings.

Template:Ru icon Akimushkin, I.I. 1954. Cephalopod mollusks in the diet of sperm whales. Doklady Akademii Nauck, SSSR, 96(3):665-667.
Template:Ru icon Akimushkin, I.I. 1963. Cephalopods of the Seas of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, 235 pages, 60 figures. [English translation from Russian by Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 223 pages (pages cited above in brackets)].
Aldrich, F.A. 1968. The distribution of giant squids (Cephalopoda, Architeuthidae) in the north Atlantic and particularly about the shores of Newfoundland. Sarsia, 34[Sep.]:393-398.
Aldrich, F.A. 1992. Some aspects of the systematics and biology of squid of the genus Architeuthis based on a study of specimens from Newfoundland waters. Bulletin of Marine Science, 49(1-2)(1991):457-481.
Aldrich, F.A. & M.M. Aldrich 1968. On regeneration of the tentacular arm of the giant squid Architeuthis dux Steenstrup (Decapoda, Architeuthidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 46(5):845-847.
Aldrich, F.A. & E.L. Brown 1967. The giant squid in Newfoundland. Newfoundland Quarterly, 65(3)[Feb.]:4-8.
Alexeyev, D.O. 1994. New data on the distribution and biology of squids from the southern Pacific. Ruthenica, 4(2):151-166, 12 figures.
Allan, J.K. 1948. A rare giant squid. Australian Museum Magazine, 9(9)[Dec.]:306-308, 2 figures.
Anonymous 1978a. Big squid. Brookings Harbour Pilot, 32(22)(June 15, 1978), front page.
Anonymous 1978b. Big squid is largest on record. Curry Coastal Pilot, July 6, 1978, p. 11.
Anonymous 1996. Out of its depth. Age, Melbourne Australia, 12 June 1996.
Anonymous 1999. Giant squid found dead in Bahamian waters. Soundings, University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science, May 15, 1999.
Antonelis, G.A., M.S. Lowry, C.H. Fiscus, B.S. Stewart & R.L. DeLong 1994. Diet of the northern elephant seal, pages 211-223. In: B.J. LeBoeuf & R.M. Laws (eds.) Elephant Seals: Population Ecology, Behavior, and Physiology. University of California Press.
Arfelli, C.A., A.F. deAmorim & A.R.G. Tomas 1991. First record of a giant squid Architeuthis sp. Steenstrup, 1857 (Cephalopoda, Architeuthidae) in Brazilian waters. B. Inst. Pesca, 18:83-88.
Template:Da icon Bardarson, G. 1920. Om den marine molluskfauna ved vestkysten af Island. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab Biologiske Meddelelser, 2(3):1-139.
Berry, S.S. 1912. Note on the occurrence of a giant squid off the California coast. Nautilus, 25(10):117-118.
Berry, S.S. 1914. Another giant squid in Monterey Bay. Nautilus, 28(2):22-23.
Template:Fr icon Belloc, G. 1950. Catalogue des types de Cephalopodes du Musee Oceanographique de Monaco. Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique, 970:1-10.
Belyayev, G.M. 1964. Rostra of cephalopods in oceanic bottom sediments. Deep-Sea Research, 11(1)[Jan.-Feb.]:113-126.
Berzin, A.A. 1971. The sperm whale. Pacific Scientific Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Moscow, 1971. [English translation from Russian by E. Hoz and Z. Blake, Israel Program for Scientific Translations, 1972, 393 pages (pages cited in this document)].
Template:Ru icon Betesheva, E.I. & I.I. Akimushkin 1955. Food of the sperm whale (Physeter catodon L.) in the Kuril Islands region. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii Im P.P. Shirshova, Akademiya Nauk SSSR, 18:86-94.
Blake, J.H. 1909. A giant squid. Nautilus, 23(3)[Jul.]:43-44.
Boyle, P.R. 1984. Giant squid stranded at Aberdeen. Porcupine Newsletter, 3(1):12.
Boyle, P.R. 1986. Report on a specimen of Architeuthis stranded near Aberdeen, Scotland. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 52(1):81-82.
Brinkmann, A. 1916. Kjaempeblaekspruten (Architeuthis dux Stp.) i Bergens Museum. Naturen, Illustrert Maanedsskrift for Populaer Naturvidenskap, Bergen, 40(6)[Jun.]:175-182, 3 figures.
Brix, O. 1983. Giant squids may die when exposed to warm water currents. Nature, London, 303(5916)[Jun.]:422-423.
Brix, O., A. Bardgard, A. Cau, A. Colosimo, S.G. Condo & B. Giardina 1989. Oxygen-binding properties of cephalopod blood with special reference to environmental temperatures and ecological distribution. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 252(1):34-42.
Brunetti, N.E., B. Elena, G.R. Rossi, M. Sakai, S.E. Pineda & M.L. Ivanovic 1998. Description of an Architeuthis from Argentine waters. South African Journal of Marine Science, 20:xxx
Template:Fr icon Cadenat, J. 1935. Note sur la premiere capture dans le Golfe de Gascogne du cephalopode geant, Architeuthis nawaji. Compte-Rendu de l'Association Francaise pour l'Avancement des Sciences, 59:513.
Template:Fr icon Cadenat, J. 1936. Note sur un cephalopode geant (Architeuthis harveyi Verrill) capture dans le golfe de Gascogne. Bulletin de Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, (2)8(3):277-285, 4 figures.
Clarke, M.R. 1962. Stomach contents of a sperm whale caught off Madeira in 1959. Norsk Hvalfangsttid, 51(5):173-191.
Clarke, M.R. 1966. A review of the systematics and ecology of oceanic squids. Advances in Marine Biology, 4:91-300.
Clarke, M.R. 1980. Cephalopoda in the diet of sperm whales of the southern hemisphere and their bearing on sperm whale biology. Discovery Reports, 37:1-324.
Clarke, M.R. 1986. A Handbook for the Identification of Cephalopod Beaks. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 273 pages.
Clarke, M.R. & N. MacLeod 1974. Cephalopod remains from a sperm whale caught off Vigo, Spain. Journal of the Marine Biological Association, U.K., 54:959-968.
Clarke, M.R. & N. MacLeod 1976. Cephalopod remains from sperm whales caught off Iceland. Journal of the Marine Biological Association, U.K., 56:733-749.
Clarke, M.R. & N. MacLeod 1982. Cephalopod remains from the stomachs of sperm whales caught in the Tasman Sea. Memoirs of the National Museum Victoria, 43:25-42.
Clarke, M.R., H.R. Martins & P. Pascoe 1993. The diet of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus Linnaeus, 1758) off the Azores. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, ser. B, 339:67-82.
Clarke, M.R. & N. Merrett 1972. The significance of squid, whale and other remains from the stomachs of bottom-living deep-sea fish. Journal of the Marine Biological Association, U.K., 52:599-603.
Clarke, M.R. & P.L. Pascoe 1997. Cephalopod species in the diet of a sperm whale (Physeter catodon) stranded at Penzance, Cornwall. Journal of the Marine Biological Association, U.K., 77:1255-1258.
Clarke, M.R. & R.E. Young 1998. Description and analysis of cephalopod beaks from stomachs of six species of odontocete cetaceans stranded on Hawaiian shores. Journal of the Marine Biological Association, U.K., 78:623-641.
Clarke, R. 1955. A giant squid swallowed by a sperm whale. Norwegian Whaling Gazette, 1955(10):589-593, 6 figures.
Clarke, R. 1956. Sperm whales of the Azores. Discovery Report, 28:237-298, 18 text-figures, 2 plates.
Clarke, W.J. & G.C. Robson 1929. Notes on the stranding of giant squids on the North-East coast of England. Proceedings of the Malacological Society, 18(4):154-158, map.
Collet, R. 1911-1912. Norges Pattedyr. H. Aschehoug & Co., Kristiania, 744 pages.
Collins, M.A. 1998. A female giant squid (Architeuthis) stranded on the Aberdeenshire coast. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 64(4):489-492), 1 figure.
Collins, M.A., C. Lordan, K. Flannery, D.T.G. Quigley & F.G. Howard 1997. New records of cephalopods caught in Irish and Scottish waters. Journal of the Marine Biological Association, U.K., 77:561-564.
Compagno-Roeleveld, M.A. & M.R. Lipinski 1991. The giant squid Architeuthis in southern African waters. Journal of Zoology, London, 224(3):431-477, 19 plates.
Template:Fr icon Crosse, H. & P. Fischer 1862. Nouveau documents sur les cephalopodes gigantesque. Journal de Conchyliologie, 10[Apr.]:124-140.
Dell, R.K. 1952. The Recent Cephalopoda of New Zealand. Dominion Museum Bulletin, 16:x.
Dell, R.K. 1970. A specimen of the giant squid Architeuthis from New Zealand. Records of the Dominion Museum, 7(4):25-36.
Template:Zh icon Dong, Z. 1984. Food and feeding habits of the sperm whale (Physeter catodon Linnaeus). Journal of Fisheries of China, 8(4)[Dec.]:327-332, 5 figures.
Dunning, M. 1998. A review of the systematics, distribution and biology of the arrow squid genera Ommastrephes Orbigny, 1835, Sthenoteuthis Verrill, 1880, and Ornithoteuthis Okada, 1927 (Cephalopoda, Ommastrephidae), pp. 425-433. In: N.A. Voss, M. Vecchione, R.B. Toll & M.J. Sweeney (Eds.) Systematics and Biogeography of Cephalopods. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 586(I-II), 599 pages.
Dunning, M.C., M.R. Clarke & C.C. Lu 1993. Cephalopods in the diet of oceanic sharks caught off eastern Australia, pages 119-131. In: T. Okutani, R.K. O'Dor and T. Kubodera (eds.) Recent Advances in Fisheries Biology, Tokai University Press, Tokyo, 752 pages.
Ellis, R. 1997. The hunt for the giant squid moves to deep waters off New Zealand. Marine Watch, 2(1):1, 9-10, 12-13, 4 figures.
Fiscus, C.W. & D.W. Rice 1974. Giant squids, Architeuthis sp., from stomachs of sperm whales captured off California. California Fish and Game, 60(2):91-93, 1 figure.
Fiscus, C.W., D.W. Rice & A.A. Wolman 1989. Cephalopods from the stomachs of sperm whales taken off California. NOAA Technical Report, NMFS 83:1-12.
Forch, E.C. 1983. New Plymouth's giant squid. Catch '83, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Wellington, 10(10)[Oct.]:6-7, 1 figure.
Forch, E.C. 1984. Giant squid still a mystery. Catch '84, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Wellington, 11(11)[Dec.]:19, 1 figure.
Forch, E.C. 1998. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Cephalopoda; Oegopsida; Architeuthidae (Giant squid). NIWA Biodiversity memoir 110: 113 pages, 28 figures.
Frost, N. 1934. Notes on a giant squid (Architeuthis sp.) captured at Dildo, Newfoundland, in December, 1933. Annual Report of the Newfoundland Fishery Research Commission for 1933, 2(2):100-113, 5 figures, 2 plates.
Frost, N. 1936. A further species of giant squid (Architeuthis sp.) from Newfoundland waters. Annual Report of the Newfoundland Fishery Research Commission for 1935, 2(5):89-95, 10 figs.
Gannon, E. 1996. Monster catch from the depths. Herald-Sun Newspaper, Melbourne, Australia, 11 June 1996.
Gaskin, D.E. & M.W. Cawthorn 1967. Diet and feeding habits of the sperm whale (Physeter catodon L.) in the Cook Strait region of New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 1(2)[Jun.]:156-179.
Gauldie, R.W., I.F. West & E.C. Forch 1994. Statocyst, statolith, and age estimation of the giant squid, Architeuthis kirki. Veliger, 37(1):93-109.
Template:Fr icon Gervais, P. 1875. Remarques au sujet des grands cephalopodes decabrachides constituant le genre Architeuthis. Journal de Zoologie, 4(2)[ ]:88-97.
Template:Fr icon Girard, A.A. 1892. Les cephalopodes des Iles Acores et de l'Ile de Madere. Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas, Physicas e Naturaes, Lisboa, (ser. 2)2(7)[May]:210-220, 2 plates.
Gittenberger, E. 1980. [On some photos.] Correspondentieblad van de Nederlandse Malacologische Vereniging, 192:986-988.
Grieg, J.A. 1933. Cephalopods from the west coast of Norway. Bergens Museum Aarbog, Naturvidenskapelig rekke, 1933(4)[Sep.]:1-25, 4 plates.
Gronningsaeter, A. 1946. Sjormen-blekksprutten. Naturen, 70(12):379-380.
Template:Jp icon Hamabe, M. 1957. A giant squid collected at Kuniga, Oki Islands. Nihonkai Suisan Shiken Kenyu Rebrajy Btysym, 82:3.
Hamilton, J.E. 1915. Belmullet Whaling Station. Report to the Committee. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1914:125-161.
Hardy, A.C. 1956. The Open Sea: Its Natural History. Part I: The World of Plankton. Houghton Mifflin, 335 pages.
Template:Fr icon Harting, P. 1860. Description de quelques fragments de deux cephalopodes gigantesques. Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, Amsterdam, 9(1)[1861]: 16 pages, 3 plates. [Published separately, 1860; Publiees par l'Academie Royale des Sciences a Amsterdam]
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