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Christian Bale

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Christian Bale
File:Szenenbild 03 518x700.jpg
Christian Bale as Bruce Wayne
in Batman Begins (2005).
BornJanuary 30, 1974
Haverfordwest, Pembrokeshire, Wales
OccupationActor
SpouseSibi Blazic

Christian Charles Philip Bale (born January 30, 1974) (also known professionally as Christian Morgan Bale) is a Welsh-born English actor. He is best known for his roles as American Psycho Patrick Bateman, Grammaton Cleric John Preston, and the masked vigilante Batman. Bale is also known for his versatility as an actor, including mimicking accents, harsh regimens of shedding and gaining weight (particularly for The Machinist and Batman Begins), and generally inhabiting the characters he plays. Before he found success in playing Batman, he was heavily involved in independent film.

Bale first caught the public eye when he was cast in the starring role of Steven Spielberg's Empire of the Sun at the age of 13, playing a British boy who becomes separated from his parents and subsequently find himself in a Japanese internment camp during World War II. Since then, he has portrayed a wide range of characters. Bale is especially noted for his cult following. The tenth anniversary issue of Entertainment Weekly hailed him as one of the "Top 8 Most Powerful Cult Figures of the Past Decade", citing his impressive cult status on the Internet.[1] Entertainment Weekly also called Bale one of the "Most Creative People in Entertainment", after his performance in American Psycho.

Early life

Christian Bale was born in Haverfordwest, Pembrokeshire, Wales, the youngest of four children, to English parents, the businessman David Bale and circus performer Jenny James. Bale spent his childhood in several countries including the United Kingdom, Portugal, and the United States.[2] David Bale was the driving force behind Christian Bale’s entry into acting, and his resignation from his job as a commercial pilot allowed him to fulfill a desire to travel the world and manage his son’s burgeoning career.[2]The Bale family left Wales in 1976, when Christian Bale was two years of age. Having a mother who made her living at a circus was an interesting experience for him; he recalled receiving his first kiss from an acrobat named Barta.[2] As a child, he trained in ballet and on the guitar.[2] His sister Louise's work in theatre also influenced his decision to become an actor.[2] Bale's family settled for four years in Bournemouth, where he attended the Bournemouth School for Boys and participated actively in rugby.[2]

Bale’s first foray into acting was a Lenor commercial in 1982, when he was 8.[3] He appeared in a Pac-Man cereal commercial playing a child rock star a year later.[4] In 1984, he made his stage debut in the West End play The Nerd, opposite Rowan Atkinson.[5]

Career

13-year-old Bale with Nigel Havers in Empire of the Sun (1987).

He made his film debut as Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich of Russia in the made-for-television film Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna in 1986, which was followed by leading roles in the miniseries Heart of the Country and the fantasy adventure Mio in the Land of Faraway, in which he appeared for the first time with Christopher Lee.

In 1987, Amy Irving, his co-star in Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna, recommended Bale to her husband, Steven Spielberg, for a role in Empire of the Sun, adapted from the J.G. Ballard semi-autobiography.[2] Bale's performance as James Graham earned him widespread critical praise and the first ever "Best Performance by a Juvenile Actor" award from the National Board of Review of Motion Pictures (the Board created the award for him). The attention the press and his schoolmates lavished upon him after this took a toll on Bale, and he contemplated giving up acting, until Kenneth Branagh approached him, and persuaded him to appear in Henry V in 1989.[3]

1990s

He starred with Charlton Heston, Oliver Reed and Christopher Lee in a television adaptation of Robert Louis Stevenson’s Treasure Island, in 1990 and the following year, he starred in the television adaptation of John le Carré’s A Murder of Quality.

File:Bale cowboyjack.jpg
Bale as
Jack "Cowboy" Kelly in 1992's Newsies.

His next cinema performance was in the lead role in Newsies, a family musical based on The Newsboys Strike of the 1890s. For this role, Bale trained for ten weeks in dancing and martial arts.[6] Newsies was completely unprofitable for Walt Disney Pictures, costing US$15,000,000 to produce and earning just shy of US$3,000,000, and it was nominated for "Worst Picture" at the 1992 Golden Raspberry Awards.

Bale next starred in Swing Kids, a film about swing music in Nazi Germany as counterculture, and a retelling of Hamlet entitled Prince of Jutland, but neither of these films were well received.

He was selected by Winona Ryder for a part in the 1994 adaptation of Louisa May Alcott’s Little Women. The film was warmly received by critics, and was a considerable success at the box office. The critic, James Berardinelli noted that Bale, "after a couple of extremely weak performances [in Newsies and Swing Kids], finally displays some recognizable talent."[7] Subsequently, Bale voiced the character of Thomas in the 1995 Disney animated film Pocahontas. Thomas was an ally to John Smith in Pocahontas, a characterization Bale would later defy in The New World where he would play tobacconist John Rolfe, Smith’s rival for Pocahontas’ affections.

He had minor parts in 1996’s The Secret Agent and The Portrait of a Lady before taking on his fifth lead role in Metroland as Chris, a young family man whose suppressed hellion lifestyle was re-incited by the resurgence of an old flame, forcing him to seriously consider keeping his present idyllic lifestyle or reverting to his carefree, hedonistic ways. Metroland received mixed reviews; Bale’s performance polarized critics, some praising it[8][9] while others agreed it to be passable but unspectacular.[10][11]

File:Arthurblue.jpg
Bale as Arthur Stuart in Velvet Goldmine (1998).

In 1998, Bale starred with Jonathan Rhys-Meyers and Ewan McGregor in Velvet Goldmine, a film based on David Bowie’s concept album, The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars. Rhys-Meyers made his feature debut as Brian Slade, an over-the-top glam rock icon, and Bale played Arthur Stuart, a journalist who reflected on his own past while researching Slade intensively for an article. Despite the subtler nature of his role compared to Rhys-Meyers and McGregor’s, Bale was commended for his expressiveness.[12][13] The film itself received unfavorable comparisons to Citizen Kane,[14][15] and never attained a wide release in the United States. Bale blamed Miramax’s lack of effort in promoting the film.[16]

In All the Little Animals (1998), Bale portrayed Bobby Platt, a mentally impaired young man fleeing from home to escape an irascible, abusive stepfather, who took his resentment for Bobby out on Bobby’s pets, killing them one by one. Bale shared the screen with John Hurt, whose character, a kindly old recluse, shared the same fondness for animals (and even insects) and forged a friendship with Bobby. The British production was helmed by first-time director Jeremy Thomas, known for producing a number of Bernardo Bertolucci films. It was praised by the likes of Roger Ebert[17] and Jonathan Rosenbaum[18] but, like many of Bale’s previous endeavors, was never given a wide release in the States.

Bale went on to play Demetrius in the 1999 Michael Hoffman-directed adaptation of A Midsummer Night's Dream, which moved the time period to a more contemporary 19th century and changed the location from Greece to Tuscany. Bale’s co-stars included Kevin Kline, Michelle Pfeiffer, Rupert Everett, Stanley Tucci, Calista Flockhart, Dominic West, Anna Friel, David Strathairn, and Sophie Marceau. The film opened to varied critical response but was fairly well-received by the public, taking in over US$16,000,000 in earnings while costing $11,000,000 to produce. Of Bale’s performance, David Edelstein of Slate acknowledged that while it was credible, he believed Bale to be “more at home in naturalistic parts.”[19] Bale would prove Edelstein correct with his portrayal of Patrick Bateman in American Psycho, a role he felt allowed him to be as naturalistic as possible.[16] Before American Psycho, Bale portrayed Jesus Christ in Mary, Mother of Jesus, a television adaptation that was ignored by critics.

2000s

File:Batemanas.jpg
Bale in American Psycho (2000), as Patrick Bateman.

In 1999, Bale prepared to undertake what would arguably be his most acclaimed role. Director Mary Harron, who had previously helmed the Valerie Solanas biopic I Shot Andy Warhol, was given the reins to the adaptation of Bret Easton Ellis’ controversial novel, American Psycho, but dropped out of the project when she learned Leonardo DiCaprio was set to star instead of Bale, her first choice. Harron cited budget concerns, believing DiCaprio to be too expensive for the production.[16] Oliver Stone replaced Harron as director, but when DiCaprio abandoned the project for The Beach, Stone left as well, and a pregnant Harron[20] was contracted once more, this time with her wish for Bale to star granted. Bale played Patrick Bateman, the title character of the novel and film. Bale had never read the novel before being contacted about the film, but took on the role because he was surprised and humoured by the script, which he described as “the opposite of anything I’d ever done before.”[16] Harron’s decision to cast Bale lay in that she thought he resembled a male Lili Taylor “in the sense that there was a lot below the surface,” and that “he had a sense of mystery and depth in his face.”[16]

The film diverged from the novel in some instances, but was generally faithful. Bateman was, on the outward, a stereotypical yuppie, but underneath the public image he had created for himself he was actually a murderous psychopath. Bale researched Bateman by studying the novel.[16] He prepared himself physically for the role by spending months tanning and exercising rigorously in order to achieve Bateman’s Olympian physique,[21] even going so far as to distance himself from the cast and crew in order to preserve the darker side of Bateman’s character.[22] American Psycho premiered at the 2000 Sundance Film Festival to much controversy. Famed American critic Roger Ebert seemed to condemn the film at first, calling it “film pornography”[23] and “the most loathed film at Sundance,”[20] but gave it a favourable review, writing that Harron “transformed a novel about blood lust into a movie about men’s vanity.” Of Bale’s performance, he wrote, “Christian Bale is heroic in the way he allows the character to leap joyfully into despicability; there is no instinct for self-preservation here, and that is one mark of a good actor.”[24]

On April 14, 2000, Lions Gate Film finally released American Psycho in theatres. The film’s overall budget and marketing costs amounted to US$17,000,000. It made a tidy worldwide profit of US$34,266,564. More importantly, it strengthened Bale’s reputation as a committed and capable actor, and further cemented his cult status. Bale was approached to make a cameo appearance in another Bret Easton Ellis adaptation, The Rules of Attraction, which was loosely connected to American Psycho. He declined out of loyalty to Mary Harron’s vision of Bateman, which he felt could not be properly expressed by anyone else.[25]

In the 2000 sequel to 1971's Shaft, Bale played a villainous character similar to Patrick Bateman, an unhinged racist yuppie named Walter Wade, Jr., a decision which generated observations about the two roles being too alike. Bale acknowledged that perhaps taking on such a similar role so soon was a possible mistake on his part. [23]

Sure enough, Bale played an assortment of diverse characters from 2001 onwards. His first role after American Psycho was in the John Madden adaptation of the best-selling novel Captain Corelli's Mandolin, which was a significant departure from the novel. Bale played Mandras, a Greek fisherman who vied with Nicolas Cage’s title character for the affections of the desirable Pelagia (Penelope Cruz). The Mandras of the novel was a more developed character with his own subplot; Bale’s Mandras was relegated to a supporting character, and his subplot was eliminated, much of the camera being devoted to Corelli and Pelagia. Captain Corelli’s Mandolin was Bale’s second time working with John Hurt, after All the Little Animals.

2002 was a busy and disappointing year for Bale. He starred in three feature films, none of which were successful at the box office. Laurel Canyon (2002), an independent film about love and longing, divided critics. The film’s script and the director’s ego were questioned, but critics, by and large, agreed that Frances McDormand outshone the rest of the cast, including Bale.[26]

File:Bale preston.jpg
Bale as Cleric John Preston in Equilibrium (2002).

Reign of Fire was Bale’s first action vehicle. It had an immense budget (over US$90,000,000) compared to all his previous work. The film’s plot involved a fire-breathing dragon that had been awakened from hibernation, bringing with it thousands more that threatened the world. Bale entered into negotiations about starring in the film with reservations, but director Rob Bowman convinced him to take the lead role.[27] Bale starred as Quinn Abercromby opposite Matthew McConaughey’s Denton Van Zan, two heroes with identical goals but different methods. Bale and McConaughey trained for their respective roles by boxing and working out.[27] But the film was largely panned by critics, failed at the U.S. box office and contributed to Bale’s growing depression.[28]

Equilibrium was Bale’s third film of 2002 and it landed a potentially severe blow to his career, costing US$20,000,000 to produce but earning just over US$5,000,000 worldwide. Dimension Films never issued Equilibrium a wide release, lacking faith in promoting it. Nevertheless, it gained a cult following that grew so large director Kurt Wimmer was granted a US$30,000,000 budget to direct Ultraviolet. Bale played John Preston, an elite lawman in a dystopian, post-apocalyptic society. Equilibrium featured a fictional martial art called Gun Kata—inspired by The Matrix and John Woo’s films—that combined gunfighting with hand-to-hand combat. Preston was a master of Gun Kata, which made him a particularly memorable protagonist. Preston’s fanbase was so strong a number of them banded together to develop a total conversion mod for the computer game Max Payne 2 dubbed Hall of Mirrors.[29]

After a year’s hiatus, Bale returned in 2004 to play Trevor Reznik, the title character in the psychological thriller The Machinist. Reznik was an insomniac, tormented by a mysterious stalker. Bale devoted himself to the role to an extent he had never gone to, sacrificing his mental and physical well being to achieve Reznik’s skeletal appearance for the sake of an authentic, naturalistic performance. (In one scene, Jennifer Jason Leigh’s character quipped, “If you were any thinner, you wouldn’t exist.”) He went without proper rest for prolonged periods, and placed himself on a crash diet that saw his weight dropping by a startling sixty pounds in a matter of months.[30] He was compared to Robert DeNiro, whose alternate weight-gaining regimen saw him putting on fifty-five pounds for his role as Jake LaMotta in Raging Bull. Bale took the Reznik role because the script “intrigued” him,[30] and it helped him cope with his depression.[28] The Machinist garnered mostly positive reviews—critics were impressed by Bale’s dedication—but received its share of criticism. Dennis Lim of the Village Voice wrote that he thought Bale’s performance was “a sort of super-downsize-me stunt, pitched at South Beach Dieting academy voters who may well find his nutritional masochism even sexier than Charlize Theron's post-Krispy Kreme rebirth.”[31] Rick Groen of The Globe and Mail wrote, “…what’s left of Bale isn’t pretty, but it is mesmerizing, and I think his performance can be safely described as uncompromising. Too bad it's not in the service of a better movie.”[32] And Ty Burr of The Boston Globe wrote, “The main, if not only, reason to see The Machinist is for Christian Bale's title performance, and even then you have to be a fan of hardcore martyrdom in the service of craft.”[33] The Machinist was a humble production, costing roughly US$5,000,000 to produce. It was given only a limited U.S. release and made most of its profits overseas.

Bale lost more than 60 pounds for his role in The Machinist (2004).
File:BBBale.jpg
After The Machinist, Bale regained his original weight plus 20 pounds more for Batman Begins (2005).

Bale, an admirer of Hayao Miyazaki's Spirited Away,[25] was cast as the voice of the title character, Howl, in the English language dub of the Japanese director's fantasy anime adventure Howl's Moving Castle, an adaptation of Diana Wynne Jones’ children's novel. Its profits in the United States made up a mere US$4,711,096 in of its staggering worldwide gross (US$230,458,788). Bale’s Howl, a wizard who lived in a spectacular walking castle, was debonair, princely and ostentatious, a quality shared with one half of Bale’s next role.

Bale had long been a contender to portray Batman, from as early as 2002. Earlier on, he had auditioned for the role of Robin in Batman Forever, but lost out to Chris O'Donnell.[34] In 2004, after completing filming for The Machinist, Bale won the coveted role and was set to star with the predominantly British cast of Liam Neeson, Katie Holmes, Michael Caine, Morgan Freeman, Tom Wilkinson, Gary Oldman and Cillian Murphy in the Christopher Nolan-helmed Batman Begins, a complete restart of the Batman mythos without any ties to the Burton or Schumacher visions. Bale beat out Jake Gyllenhaal, the closest competition.[35] (Evening the score, Bale lost the part of Anthony Swofford in Jarhead to Gyllenhaal.[34]) Still fresh from The Machinist, it became necessary for Bale to bulk up to match the powerful physique of Batman. He was given a deadline of six months to do this. Bale recalled it as far from a simple accomplishment: “…when it actually came to building muscle, I was useless. I couldn’t do one push up the first day. All of the muscles were gone, so I had a real tough time rebuilding all of that.”[30] With the help of a personal trainer, Bale succeeded in meeting the deadline, gaining exactly one hundred pounds in six months. He then worked toward converting most of it into muscle.[36]

Bale had initial concerns about playing Batman, as he felt more ridiculous than intimidating in the Batman costume. He dealt with this by depicting Batman as a savage beast in his portrayal.[30] To attain a deeper understanding of the character, Bale perused various Batman comic books. He explained his interpretation of the Dark Knight: “Batman is his hidden, demonic rage-filled side. The Batman creature [Wayne] creates is an absolutely sincere creature and one that he has to control but does so in a very haphazard way. He's capable of enacting violence – and to kill – so he's constantly having to rein himself in.” For Bale, the most grueling part about playing Batman was the costume. “You stick it on, you get hot, you sweat and you get a headache in the cowl,” he said. “But I'm not going to bitch about it because I get to play Batman.”[37] When promoting the film in interviews and public events, Bale retained Bruce Wayne’s American accent to avoid confusion with Batman being a Briton.[38]

File:Batman Bale.jpg
Bale as Batman in Batman Begins (2005).

Batman Begins was released domestically on June 15, 2005 to wide critical, fan and public approval. Nolan was commended for choosing to film most of Begins more traditionally by opting for live-action special effects whenever possible in an age where CGI was economical and believable. The cast was praised for its effective portrayals, but Bale drew the most acclaim for his dual portrayal of both Batman and Bruce Wayne, the superficial billionaire playboy alter ego. He earned the Best Hero award at the 2006 MTV Movie Awards for his performance.

Batman Begins was a domestic and international triumph for Warner Bros., costing approximately US$135,000,000 to produce and taking in over US$370,000,000 in returns worldwide. The Dark Knight, the sequel to Batman Begins, is in production, with Bale set to reprise his role as Batman. It is expected to complete filming sometime in 2008. A Batman Begins video game was also developed for the GameCube, PlayStation 2, Xbox, Game Boy Advance, and PlayStation Portable; Bale provided the voice of Batman.

Bale was cast as one of the two leads in the South Central David Ayer-hemled crime drama Harsh Times, co-starring with Freddy Rodriguez. Bale played Jim David, a grim Gulf War veteran afflicted with post-traumatic stress disorder, inexplicably approached by the Department of Homeland Security and hired as a federal agent. Harsh Times premiered at the 2005 Toronto International Film Festival and is slated for wide release on September 8, 2006.

Terrence Malick directed The New World, a period piece inspired by the stories of Pocahontas, and Bale was cast as John Rolfe, his second time participating in a dramatization of Pocahontas. He shared the screen with Colin Farrell and Q'Orianka Kilcher, who played lovers John Smith and Pocahontas. The majority of screen time was devoted to Farrell and Kilcher; Bale was a secondary character, and only appeared during the last third. The New World left critics to contend whether its indulgence and the dramatic liberties it took over historical accuracy made the film a champion or a dud. Opinions were extremely divided. Filmgoers were uninterested. 'The film was a failure at the U.S. box office and its worldwide total (US$29,506,437) fell just short of turning a profit (the production budget was placed at US$30,000,000).

Bale has a trio of projects lined up for 2006. Rescue Dawn by German filmmaker Werner Herzog will have him playing a U.S. Fighter pilot who has to fight for his life after being shot down while on a mission during the Vietnam War. Bale left a strong impression on Herzog, with the director complimenting his acting abilities: "I find him one of the greatest talents of his generation. We made up our own minds long before he did Batman."[39] In The Prestige, an adaptation of the Christopher Priest novel about a rivalry between two Victorian stage magicians, Bale reunites with Michael Caine and Christopher Nolan, who is directing the film. The Prestige’s cast also includes Hugh Jackman, Scarlett Johansson, Piper Perabo, and David Bowie. I'm Not There, a film that sees Bale working again with Colin Farrell, is an artistic reflection of the life of Bob Dylan, and also includes Cate Blanchett, Richard Gere, Julianne Moore, and Charlotte Gainsbourg as part of the cast.

Personal life

On January 29, 2000, Bale married independent film producer Sibi Blazic (formerly a model, makeup artist, and personal assistant of Winona Ryder). He now lives with her in Los Angeles. Together they have a daughter who was born on March 27, 2005 in Santa Monica, California. Bale, notoriously private, has not publicly divulged her name.[40]

Bale has three older sisters – Erin Bale, a musician; Sharon Bale, a computer professional; and Louise Bale, a theatre actress and director. The Bale family is deeply rooted in showbusiness, especially theatre. Bale is a distant relative of British actress Lillie Langtry, while his uncle, Rex Bale, and maternal grandfather were actors as well.[2]

Like his father, Bale is known as a conservationist and an animal lover, and is a supporter of conservation and animal welfare groups like Greenpeace and the World Wildlife Fund.[3] Bale gained the famous feminist activist Gloria Steinem as a stepmother through his father’s marriage to her on September 3, 2000, before his death in 2003.[41]

Filmography

Year Film Role Other notes
2008 The Dark Knight Bruce Wayne (Batman) Pre-production
2006 I’m Not There Pre-production, role unknown
The Prestige Alfred Borden Post-production
Rescue Dawn Dieter Completed, pending release
2005 The New World John Rolfe
Harsh Times Jim David
Batman Begins Bruce Wayne/Batman
2004 Howl's Moving Castle Howl
The Machinist Trevor Reznik
2002 Equilibrium Cleric John Preston
Reign of Fire Quinn Abercromby
Laurel Canyon Sam
2001 Captain Corelli's Mandolin Mandras
2000 Shaft Walter Wade, Jr.
American Psycho Patrick Bateman
1999 Mary, Mother of Jesus (TV) Jesus of Nazareth
A Midsummer Night's Dream Demetrius
1998 All the Little Animals Bobby Platt
Velvet Goldmine Arthur Stuart
1997 Metroland Chris
1996 The Portrait of a Lady Edward Rosier
The Secret Agent Stevie
1995 Pocahontas Thomas
1994 Little Women Laurie
Prince of Jutland Amled
1993 Swing Kids Thomas Berger
1992 Newsies Jack “Cowboy” Kelly
1991 A Murder of Quality (TV) Tim Perkins
1990 Treasure Island (TV) Jim Hawkins
1989 Henry V Falstaff’s Boy
1987 Empire of the Sun Jim Graham
Mio in the Land of Faraway Jum-Jum
Heart of the Country (mini) Ben Harris
1986 Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna (TV) Alexei

Notes

  1. ^ Wilson, Cintra. "The magic Christian" Salon, October 26, 2004, retrieved on May 27, 2006.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Wills, Dominic. "Christian Bale Biography" Tiscali.co.uk, retrieved on May 17, 2006.
  3. ^ a b c Hotdog. “The Dark Knight Returns” Christian Bale – An Unofficial Appreciation, March, 2005, retrieved on May 15, 2006.
  4. ^ “Pac-Man Cereal TV Commercial (1983)” Christian Bale – An Unofficial Appreciation, retrieved on May 15, 2006.
  5. ^ Kamarauskas, K. “Christian Bale” Thespian Net, 1999, retrieved on May 15, 2006.
  6. ^ “Showbiz Tonight” CNN.com, December 29, 2005, retrieved on May 16, 2006.
  7. ^ Berardinelli, James. "Little Women" ReelViews, 1994, retrieved on [[June 4], 2006.
  8. ^ Sanford, James. “Metroland (1997) rec.arts.movies.reviews, retrieved on May 15, 2006.
  9. ^ Stack, Peter. “`Metroland' Contemplates the Road Taken” San Francisco Chronicle, April 16, 1999, retrieved on May 15, 2006.
  10. ^ Berardinelli, James. “Metroland (1999)” ReelViews, 1999, retrieved on May 15, 2006.
  11. ^ Savada, Elias.“Metroland” Nitrate Online, April 9, 1999, retrieved on May 15, 2006.
  12. ^ Edelstein, David. “Warrior Queens” Slate, November 15, 1998, retrieved on May 15, 2006.
  13. ^ Zacharek, Stephanie. “The glam that fell to earth” Salon, November 6, 1998, May 16, 2006.
  14. ^ Ebert, Roger. “Velvet Goldmine” Chicago Sun-Times, November 6, 1998, retrieved on May 15, 2006.
  15. ^ Schwartz, Dennis. “'VELVET GOLDMINE” Ozus’ World Movie Reviews, January 19, 2000, retrieved on May 16, 2006.
  16. ^ a b c d e f Ebner, Mark. “Killer’s Kicks” Salon, January 26, 2000, retrieved on May 17, 2006.
  17. ^ Ebert, Roger. “All The Little Animals” Chicago Sun-Times, September 3, 1999, retrieved on May 15, 2006.
  18. ^ Rosenbaum, Jonathan. “A Breakthrough and a Throwback” The Chicago Reader, 1999, retrieved on May 15, 2006.
  19. ^ Edelstein, David. “Lord, What Fools” - Try as it might, an ineptly directed new film can't ruin A Midsummer Night's Dream. Slate, May 15, 1999, retrieved on May 16, 2006.
  20. ^ a b Kaufman, Anthony. “INTERVIEW: 9-Months Pregnant and Delivering "American Psycho," Director Mary Harron” indieWIRE, April 14, 2006, retrieved on May 15, 2006.
  21. ^ Fischer, Paul. Unmasking an American Psycho The Cranky Critic, retrieved on May 15, 2006.
  22. ^ Rubinstein, Julian. “Christian Bale” Us Weekly, May 1, 2000, retrieved on May 15, 2006.
  23. ^ a b McCormick, Moira. “Christian Bale – Good Christian Talks About Playing a Yuppie from Hell” Barnes & Noble.com, September 5, 2000, retrieved on May 15, 2006.
  24. ^ Ebert, Roger. “American Psycho” Chicago Sun-Times, April 14, 2000, retrieved on May 17, 2006.
  25. ^ a b Morris, Clint. “Interview: Christian Bale Moviehole, retrieved on May 16, 2006
  26. ^ “Laurel Canyon”, Metacritic, retrieved on May 17, 2006.
  27. ^ a b Chavel, Sean. "Interview with Christian Bale of Reign of Fire" UnderGroundOnline, retrieved on June 8, 2006.
  28. ^ a b Applebaum, Stephen. “Holy rejig Batman!” The New Zealand Herald, May 29, 2006, retrieved on May 15, 2006.
  29. ^ "Hall of Mirrors", retrieved on June 4, 2006.
  30. ^ a b c d Gilchrist, Todd. “IGN Interviews Christian Bale” IGN FilmForce, October 15, 2004, retrieved on May 16, 2006.
  31. ^ Lim, Dennis. Play It to the Bone Village Voice, October 19, 2004, retrieved on May 16, 2006.
  32. ^ Groen, Rick. “Nice framework, lacks flesh” The Globe and Mail, November 12, 2004, retrieved on May 16, 2006.
  33. ^ Burr, Ty. "The Machinist Movie Review - Plot of movie as thin as its star" The Boston Globe, October 29, 2004, retrieved on June 4, 2006.
  34. ^ a b "Christian Bale" Not Starring, retrieved on May 18, 2006.
  35. ^ Otto, Jeff. “David S. Goyer Talks Batman, Iron Man, Comics and More” IGN FilmForce, February 27, 2004, retrieved on May 16, 2006.
  36. ^ Jordan, Sean. “Christian Bale: Belatedly Blabbing Batman” Femme Fatales, July/August, 2005, retrieved on May 16, 2006.
  37. ^ Dawson, Angela. “Bale on Batman” azcentral.com, June 10, 2005, retrieved on May 16, 2006.
  38. ^ Morales, Wilson. “Batman Begins: An Interview with Christian Bale” blackfilm.com, 2005, retrieved on May 16, 2006.
  39. ^ “Herzog Hails Bale” Female First, March 24, 2006, retrieved on May 17, 2006.
  40. ^ "PROFILE" Celebrity Wonder, retrieved on June 4, 2006.
  41. ^ "Feminist icon Gloria Steinem first-time bride at 66, CNN.com, September 5, 2000, retrieved on May 26, 2006.

References

Preceded by Actors to portray Batman
2005- 		Succeeded by
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