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List of Scottish monarchs

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The list of monarchs of Scotland concerns the Kingdom of Scotland. According to tradition, the state was created by Cináed I of Scotland in 843, however this is dispute on a number of different grounds. Some modern historiography would tend to see his grandson Constantine II of Scotland as the creator of the Kingdom of Alba which became Scotland. The independent kingdom changed in status following the signing by the Scots Parliament of the Treaty of Union in 1707, when, having already inherited the throne of the Kingdom of England following the Union of the Crowns in 1603, Scotland became one with England to create the Kingdom of Great Britain. The Kingdom of Great Britain subsequently becoming one with the Kingdom of Ireland following the signing of the Act of Union 1800 to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801

Today, Scotland exists as one of the constituent countries and nations of the United Kingdom, alongside England, Wales and since 1921, following the Government of Ireland Act 1920, Northern Ireland.

From the reign of Macbeth of Scotland, Scottish monarchs most commonly employed the style King of Scots or Queen of Scots, with the exception of the final three: William III, Mary II and Anne used the style "of Scotland" rather than "of Scots" (see Style of the monarchs of Scotland). The Gaelic styles rí Alban (King of Scotland) and ard-rí Alban (High-King of Scotland) were probably used from the time of Constantine II.

Charles II was the last monarch to be crowned in Scotland, at Scone.

Although genealogists divide the monarchs of Scotland into "Houses", based on continental European ideas of dynasties, it appears that the kings and queens of Scotland, insofar as they thought about their ultimate origins, traced their descent from Fergus Mór, the legendary founder of Dál Riata said to have flourished in the late 5th century, and from his grandson Gabrán mac Domangairt and brother Loarn mac Eirc. James VI is recorded as saying that he was a "Monarch sprunge of Ferguse race". After the Restoration of 1660, when Jacob de Wet was commissioned to produce portraits of Scotland's past and present rulers for Holyrood Palace, the series began with Fergus Mór.

House of Alpin (Ailpean)

House of Strathclyde

House of Alpin?

House of Alpin (Restored)

House of Dunkeld

House of Moray

House of Dunkeld

Arms of Scotland: Or a lion rampant within a double tressure flory counterflory gules

First Interregnum 1286–1292

Margaret, Maid of Norway, granddaughter of Alexander III, is sometimes considered to have been heiress or Queen from 1286 until her death in 1290, although she never set foot in Scotland and was never crowned at Scone.

House of Balliol (Bailiol)

Second Interregnum 1296–1306

House of Bruce (Bruis)

House of Balliol

House of Stewart (French: Stuart; Gaelic: Stiùbhart)

House of Stuart-Lennox

From 1707, the titles King of Scots and Queen of Scots are incorrect. Hence, this list runs up to 1707; for monarchs after that date, see List of British monarchs.

References

  • An ancient, but useful work of reference for this article up to the year 1383 is John of Fordun's Chronicle of The Scottish Nation edited by W.F. Skene (Edinburgh, 1872)
  • Plantagenet Somerset Fry. The Kings and Queens of England and Scotland. Grove Press, 1990. ISBN 0-8021-1386-9

See also

Template:Scottish topics

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