List of fellows of the Royal Society
Appearance
This is a list of religious or ethnic Jews or people of Jewish descent who are or were Fellows or Foreign Members of the Royal Society of London.
Fellows
A
- Samson Abramsky[1], computer scientist 2004
- Saul Adler (JYB 1960 p216)
- Ephraim Anderson [2], microbiologist 1968
- Edward Neville da Costa Andrade (JYB 1977 p207)
- Charlotte Auerbach (JYB 1977 p207)
B
- J. D. Bernal [3], physicist (Jewish father) 1937
- Sir Michael Berry [4], mathematical physicist 1982
- Abram Besicovitch [5], mathematician 1934
- Moses Blackman (JYB 1977 p207)
- David Bohm[6], physicist, philosopher 1990
- Sir Hermann Bondi[7], cosmologist 1959 (JYB 2000 p211)
- Gustav Victor Rudolf Born[8], pharmacologist and embryologist 1972 (JYB 2000 p211)
- Max Born [9], physicist, Nobel Prize (1954) (JYB 2000 p212)
- Sydney Brenner[10] [9], Nobel Prize (2002), 1965 (JYB 2000 p211-2)
- Edith Bulbring[11], pharmacologist, 1958 (Jewish mother)
- Sir Arnold Burgen, 1964 (JYB 2005 p214)
C
- Sir Roy Calne (JYB 2005 p214)
- Sir Ernst Boris Chain[12][9] Nobel Prize (1965), 1949
- Sir Philip Cohen, 1978 (JYB 2004 p212)
- Sydney Cohen, 1990 (JYB 2005 p214)
D
- Emanuel Mendes da Costa[13]
- Moses da Costa, also called Anthony da Costa[14]
- Samuel Devons, 1955 (JYB 2005 p214)
- Benjamin Disraeli [15], politician 1876 [Born Jewish, but converted to Anglicanism]
- Cyril Domb, 1977 (JYB 2005 p214)
- Jack David Dunitz, 1974 (JYB 2005 p214)
- Raymond Dwek, 1998 (JYB 2005 p214)
E
- Sir Michael Epstein, pathologist virologist 1979 (Vice-President, 1986-91) (JYB 2005 p214)
- Arthur Erdélyi [5], 1975
F
- Wilhelm Feldberg, 1947 (JYB 1977 p207) biologist
- Sir Alan Fersht [16], protein folding 1983 (JYB 2000 p211)
- Sir Monty Finniston (vice-president 1971-2) (JYB 1977 p206-7)
- Michael Fisher [4], 1971
- Sir Otto Frankel, geneticist [17]
- Otto Robert Frisch [18], physicist (JYB 1980 p182)
- Albrecht Fröhlich [19]
- Herbert Fröhlich, 1951 (JYB 1990 p201)
G
- Dennis Gabor [9], physicist Nobel Prize (1971) 1952
- Eugen Glueckauf, 1969 (JYB 1980 p182)
- Ian Glynn, 1970 (JYB 2005 p214)
- Thomas Gold, physicist astronomer 1964 (Encyclopedia Judaica 3:807)
- Sir Isaac Lyon Goldsmid, first Jewish baronet 1828 (Jewish Encyclopedia VI, 31)
- Sydney Goldstein [20], expert on fluid mechanics
- Jeffrey Goldstone, 1977 (JYB 2005 p214)
- Benjamin Gompertz [21], actuary mathematician 1828
- Ian Grant (JYB 2005 p214)
- Michael Green, string theorist 1989
- Hans Gruneberg, 1956 (JYB 1967 p208) biologist
- Sir Ludwig Guttmann [22], neurologist
H
- Jack Halpern, 1974 (Encyclopedia Judaica 5:383)
- Sir Henry Harris, medicine 1968 (Encyclopedia Judaica 4:138]])
- Sir Ian Heilbron, chemist 1931 (Encyclopedia Judaica 8:262)
- Hans Heilbronn, mathematician 1951 (JYB 1977, p207)
- Walter Heitler [16], physicist quantum chemistry 1948
- Sir Peter Hirsch [16], material science 1963 (JYB 2000 p211)
- Sir Gabriel Horn, 1986 (JYB 2005 p214)
- Herbert Huppert, 1987 (JYB 2005 p214)
I
- Alick Isaacs [23] [24], virologist, interferon 1966 (JYB 1967 p209)
- David Ish-Horowicz, 2002 (JYB 2005 p214)
J
- Sir George Jessel [25], solicitor general 1871-73 1880
- Brian Josephson [9], physicist Nobel Prize (1943) 1970 (JYB 2000 p211)
K
- George Kalmus, 1988 (JYB 2005 p214)
- Sir Bernard Katz [26] [9], medicine Nobel Prize (1970) 1952 (JYB 2000 p211)
- David Keilin [24] 1928
- Andrew Keller [27], 1972
- Olga Kennard, crystallographer 1987 (JYB 2005 p214)
- Sir Aaron Klug [28], chemist Nobel Prize (1982) 1969 (President of RS 1995-2000) (JYB 2000 p211)
- Sir Hans Kornberg, 1965 (JYB 2005 p214)
- Hans Kosterlitz [29], medicine, endorphins 1978
- Sir Hans Adolf Krebs [9][30], biochemist, Nobel Prize (1953)
- Sir John Krebs, biologist 1984 (father was Sir Hans Krebs (Who's Who); see above)
- Harold Kroto [31], chemist, Nobel Prize (1996) (Jewish father) 1990
- Nicholas Kurti [4], physicist, Vice-President of RS 1965-67 1956
L
- Michael Levitt [24], biophysicist, computational biology 2001
- Frederick Lindemann, 1st Viscount Cherwell [32], 1920
- Henry Lipson (JYB 1990 p201)
- Hans Lissmann (JYB 1995 p193)
- Sir Ben Lockspeiser (JYB 1990 p201)
- George Lusztig [5], 1983
M
- Kurt Mahler, mathematician 1948 (JYB 2005 p214)
- Joel Mandelstam (JYB 2005 p214)
- Stanley Mandelstam, theoretical physicist 1962 (JYB 2005 p214)
- Raphael Meldola, chemist 1886 (Encyclopaedia Judaica 11:1290)
- Kurt Mendelssohn, German-born British medical physicist cryogenic engineering (Encyclopaedia Judaica 13:492)
- Leon Mestel, astronomer 1977 (Who's Who 2006)
- Samuel Milner, 1922
- César Milstein [33], medicine, Nobel Prize (1984) 1975 (JYB 2000 p211-2)
- Alfred Mond, chemist 1928 (Encyclopaedia Judaica 4:1298, 12:241)
- Ludwig Mond [34], chemist 1891
- Sir Robert Mond, chemist and archaeologist (Encyclopaedia Judaica, art. Mond)
- Sir Moses Montefiore [35], 1836
- Louis Mordell, 1924 (Encyclopaedia Judaica 12:315)
N
- F.R. Nunes Nabarro, British-South African physicist 1971 (JYB 2005 p214)
- Albert Neuberger [36], chemical pathologist 1951
- Michael Neuberger, biochemist 1993 (son of Albert Neuberger; see Who's Who)
- Bernhard Neumann, 1959 (JYB 2005 p214)
- Max Newman [37], 1939
- Sir Gustav Nossal [38]biologist 1982 (Jewish father)
O
- Leslie Orgel [16], 1962 (JYB 2000 p211)
- Egon Orowan, Hungarian-born British U.S. physicist 1947 (JYB 2005 p214)
P
- Friedrich Paneth, chemist 1947 (Encyclopaedia Judaica 13:54)
- Rudolf Peierls, physicist 1945 (JYB 1995 p193)
- Michael Pepper, physicist 1983 (JYB 2005 p214)
- Max Perutz [9], chemist, Nobel Prize (1962) 1954 (JYB 2000 p211)
- Gordon Plotkin [39], 1992
- John Charles Polanyi [40], chemist, Nobel Prize (1986) 1971
- Michael Polanyi [41] [16], chemist and philosopher 1944
- Guido Pontecorvo, 1955 (JYB 1995 p193)
- Sir Karl Popper, philosopher of science 1976 (Encyclopaedia Judaica 13:863)
Q
- Juda Quastel [24], biochemist 1940
R
- Richard Rado [42], combinatorics, graph theory 1978
- Ralph Raphael, 1962 (JYB 1995 p193)
- Ivan Roitt, immunologist 1983 (JYB 2005 p214) (JYB 2000 p211)
- Douglas Ross [43], physicist 2005
- Michael Rossmann [16], 1986
- Sir Joseph Rotblat [44][9], founder of Pugwash conference, Nobel Prize for Peace (1995) (JYB 2000 p211)
- Sir Martin Roth (JYB 2005 p214)
- Lionel Rothschild M.P., 1911 (JYB 1920 p175)
- Dame Miriam Rothschild , entomologist, zoologist 1985 (JYB 2000 p211)
- Victor Rothschild, 3rd Baron Rothschild 1953 (JYB 1990 p199,202,259)
S
- Leo Sachs [45], 1997
- Peter Sarnak [46], 2002
- Arthur Schuster, 1879 (Encyclopedia Judaica, 14:1012]]
- Dennis Sciama, cosmologist (JYB 1995 p193)
- Anthony Segal, 1998 (JYB 2005 p214)
- Isaac de Sequeira Samuda [47] (first Jewish FRS; elected 1727)
- David Shoenberg, physics of low temperatures (JYB 1995 p193)
- Louis Siminovitch [48] 1991
- Sir Francis Simon, 1941 Encyclopedia Judaica, 14:1578; Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born in Berlin of Jewish parentage"
- Franz Sondheimer, organic chemist 1967 (JYB 2005 p214)
- James Joseph Sylvester [49], mathematician 1839
- Michael Szwarc, polymer chemistry 1966 (Encyclopedia Judaica, 15:670]]
T
- David Tabor, 1963 (JYB 2005 p214)
- Samuel Tolansky, 1952, spectroscopist
- Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "son of Lithuanian-Jewish immigrants"
U
V
- Leslie Valiant [39], computer scientist, parallel computation 1991
- Sir John Vane [16], medicine, Nobel Prize (1982) 1974
W
- Felix Weinberg, 1983 (JYB 2005 p214)
- Lawrence Weiskrantz, 1980 (JYB 2005 p214)
- Nathaniel Wolf, 1777
- Sir Isaac Wolfson, 1963 (JYB 1965 p214)
- Lord Leonard Wolfson (honorary FRS 2005) (JYB 2005 p212)
- Lewis Wolpert [3], embryologist 1980
- Michael Woolfson, crystallographer, computer simulation 1984 (JYB 2005 p214)
- Henry de Worms, 1st Baron Pirbright [50], 1889
X
Y
- Alec David Young, aero-engineer 1973 (JYB 2005 p214)
Z
- Oliver Zangwill, psychologist, 1967 (JYB 1980 p182)
- John Ziman [4], 1967
- Lord Solly Zuckerman, anatomist, evolutionist 1943 (JYB 1965 p214)
Foreign members
A
- Anatole Abragam [4], French physicist, father of NMR 1983
- Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov [9], Russian physicist, Nobel Prize (2003) 2001
- Vladimir Arnold [4], Ukrainian-U.S. mathematician 1988
- Julius Axelrod [9], biochemist, pharmacologist Nobel Prize (1970) 1979
B
- David Baltimore [9], U.S. biologist, retroviruses, Nobel Prize (1975) 1987
- Grigory Barenblatt [5], Russian-U.S. mathematician 2000
- Seymour Benzer [51], U.S. biophysicist, genetics 1976
- Paul Berg [9], chemist, Head of Human Genome Project, Nobel Prize (1980) 1992
- Hans Bethe [9], German-U.S. physicist, Nobel Prize (1967) 1957 (JYB 2005 p215)
- Raoul Bott [5], Hungarian-born U.S. 2005
- Konrad Bloch [6], German biochemist, Nobel Prize (1964) 1985
- Ronald Breslow [16], U.S. 2000
- Michael Stuart Brown [9], U.S. medicine Nobel Prize (1985) 1991
C
- Melvin Calvin [9], U.S. photosynthesis, Nobel Prize (1961) 1959 (JYB 2005 p215)
- Ernst Cohen, Netherlands chemist, 1926 (JYB 1965 p214)
- Ferdinand Cohn [7], German botanist, founder of the science of bacteriology, 1897
- The Jewish 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Jews of all Time (Citadel Press Book, 1994), by Michael Shapiro.
D
E
- Albert Einstein [9], German-U.S. physicist, Nobel Prize (1921) 1921
- Willem Einthoven [8], Netherlands scientist, Nobel Prize (1924) 1926
- Thomas Eisner [51], evolutionary biology, 1997
- Paul Ehrlich [9], immunology, haematology Nobel Prize (1908} 1910
- Gertrude Elion [9], medicine, Nobel Prize (1988) 1995
- Paul Erdős [9], Hungarian-born Israeli U.S. mathematician 1989
F
- William Feller, statistician [10]
(This ref says his mother was Catholic and Feller was not his original surname.)
- "Mathematicians under the Nazis," by Prof Sanford Segal of the University of Rochester (Princeton University Press, 2003, p460) states "...Tornier had collaborated with Willi Feller (who was Jewish)..."
- Richard Feynman, physicist (JYB 2000, p211)
- James Franck [9], German-born U.S. physicist Nobel Prize (1925) 1964
- Sigmund Freud [11], Psychiatrist, founder of psychoanalysis 1936
- Otto Frisch [12], Austrian-born British physicist 1948
G
- Herbert Gasser [9], medicine Nobel Prize (1944) 1946
- Israel Gelfand [13], Ukrainian-born Russian-American mathematician 1977
- Murray Gell-Mann [9], U.S. physicist Nobel Prize (1969) 1978
- Walter Gilbert [9], U.S. chemist Nobel Prize (1980) 1987
- Henry Gilman [16], U.S. organometallic chemist 1975
- Vitaly Ginzburg [9], Russian physicist, Nobel Prize (2003) 1987
- Roy Glauber [14], U.S. physicist, Nobel Prize (2005) 1997
- Salome Gluecksohn-Waelsch [15], German-born U.S. geneticist, co-founder of developmental genetics 1995
- Hyman, P.E./Moore, D.D., eds. 1998. Jewish Women in America: An Historical Encyclopedia. New York: Routledge; see [16]
- Peter Goldreich [51], U.S. astrophysicist 1904
- Victor Goldschmidt [17], Sweden-born U.S. chemist, founder of modern geochemistry 1943
- Joseph L. Goldstein [9], U.S. biologist Nobel Prize (1985) 1991
H
- Jacques Hadamard, French mathematician, functional analysis 1932 (JYB 1960, p216)
- George de Hevesy [9], Hungarian-born Swedish chemist Nobel Prize (1943) 1939 (JYB 1965, p214)
- Roald Hoffmann [9], Polish-born U.S. chemist Nobel Prize (1981) electronic structures 1984
- Erwin Hahn [4], U.S. physicist, nuclear spin echoes NMR 2000
I
- Werner Israel [4], German-born Canadian physicist and cosmologist 1986
J
- Francois Jacob [9], French biologist Nobel Prize (1965) 1973
- Carl Gustav Jakob Jacobi, also called Karl Jacobi [18] [19], German mathematician 1833
K
- Theodore von Karman [20], Hungarian-born U.S. aeronautical engineer 1946
- Martin Karplus [16], Austrian-born U.S. chemist 2000
- Ephraim Katzir, Ukrainian-born Israeli chemist, fourth President of Israel 1977 (JYB 2005 p215)
- Joseph Keller [51], U.S. mathematician 1986
- Isaak Markovich Khalatnikov [4], Russian physicist 1994
- Marc Kirschner [21], U.S. cell biologist 1999
- Walter Kohn [9], Austrian-born U.S. chemist Nobel Prize (1998) 1998
- Arthur Kornberg [9], U.S. chemist Nobel Prize for Medicine (1959) 1970 (JYB 2005 p215)
- Hugo Kronecker [24], German-born Swiss physiologist 1909
- Leopold Kronecker [22], German mathematician 1884
- Martin Kruskal [4], U.S. physicist 1997
L
- Edwin Land [23] [51], U.S. inventor 1986
- Lev Landau [9], Azebarjan-born Russian physicist Nobel Prize (1962) 1960
- Karl Landsteiner [9], Austrian-born U.S. biologist Nobel Prize (1930) 1941
- Joshua Lederberg [9], U.S. scientist medicine Nobel Prize (1958) 1979
- Solomon Lefschetz [24], Russian-born U.S. mathematician topology 1961
- Tullio Levi-Civita [25], Italian mathematician 1930
- Rita Levi-Montalcini [9], Italian-born U.S. scientist Nobel Prize (1986) in medicine 1995
- Evgeny Lifshitz [4], Russian physicist and astronomer 1982
- Fritz Lipmann [9], German-born U.S. physicist Nobel Prize (1962) 1962 (JYB 1990, p202)
- Gabriel Lippmann [9], Luxembourg-born French physicist Nobel Prize (1908) 1896
- Otto Loewi [26], German-born U.S. biochemist and pharmacologist Nobel Prize (1936) 1954 (JYB 1960, p216)
- Andre Lwoff [9], French scientist Nobel Prize (1965) 1958
M
- Rudolph Marcus [9], Canadian-born U.S. chemist Nobel Prize (1992) 1987
- Lise Meitner, Austrian-born Swedish physicist nuclear fission 1955 (JYB 1965, p214)
- Matthew Meselson [24], U.S. molecular biologist 1984
- Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov or Elie Metchnikoff [9], Ukrainian-born Russian French scientist Nobel Prize (1908) in medicine 1895
- Otto Meyerhof [9], German-born U.S. scientist Nobel Prize (1922) 1937
- Elliot Meyerowitz [24], U.S. biologist (plants) 2004
- Albert Michelson [9], Polish-born U.S. physicist Nobel Prize (1907) 1902
- Henri Moissan [9], French chemist, artificial diamonds, Nobel Prize (1906) 1905
- Hermann Joseph Muller (JYB 1965, p214)
- Walter Munk [27], Austrian-born U.S. geophysicist 1976
N
O
- George Olah [9], Hungarian-born U.S. chemist Nobel Prize (1994) 1997
- J. Robert Oppenheimer, U.S. Physicist (JYB 1965, p214)
P
- Wolfgang Pauli [9], Austrian-born U.S. Swedish physicist Nobel Prize (1945) 1953
- Alexander Pines [28], chemist MRI NMR 2002
- Frank Press [51], U.S. geophysicist President of NAS 1985
- Stanley Prusiner [9] [29], U.S. scientist Nobel Prize (1997) medicine 1997
Q
R
- Tadeus Reichstein [9], Polish-born Switzerland chemist Nobel Prize (1950) in medicine 1952 (JYB 1995, p193)
S
- Julius von Sachs [24], German founder of experimental plant physiology 1888
- Edwin Salpeter [4], Austrian-born Australian U.S. astronomer 1993
- Martin Schwarzschild [4], German-born U.S. astronomer 1996
- Gilbert Stork [16], Belgian-born U.S. organic chemist 1999
T
- Valentine Telegdi [4], Hungarian-born Switzerland U.S. physicist 2003
- Howard Temin [9], U.S. scientist retroviruses Nobel Prize (1975) 1988
U
V
- Harold E. Varmus [9], U.S. scientist Nobel Prize (1989) in medicine 2005
W
- Otto Warburg [9], German chemist Nobel Prize (1931) in medicine 1934 (JYB 1977, p207)
- Andre Weil [30], French U.S. mathematician group theory Algebraic geometry 1966
- Steven Weinberg [9], U.S. physicist electroweak force Nobel Prize (1979) 1981
- Charles Weissmann [31] [16], Hungarian-born Switzerland British molecular biologist 1983
- Frank Westheimer[16], U.S. chemist 1983
- Edward Witten [32] [5], U.S. mathematician and physicist Fields Medal (1990) 1999
X
Y
- Charles Yanofsky [33], U.S. scientist medicine 1985
Z
- Richard Zare [34] [4], U.S. physicist 1999
- Yakov Zeldovich [35], Belarussian-born Russian physicist astronomer 1979
See also
Notes
- ^ Books of Abramsky's are listed on jewish-books.net, accessed 13 April 2006.
- ^ Anthony Tucker, ES Anderson (obituary), The Guardian, March 22, 2006. Accessed 22 June 2006.
- ^ JInfo.org list of Jews profiled in Thinkers of the Twentieth Century (Thinkers of the Twentieth Century, edited by Roland Turner, St. James Press, 1988). Accessed 26 March 2006.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n JInfo.org list of Jewish physicists. Accessed 23 March 2006.
- ^ a b c d e JInfo.org list of Jewish Mathematicians. Accessed 23 March 2006.
- ^ Fred Pruyn, Infinite Potential: The Life and Times of David Bohm, on theosophy-nw.org. Accessed 13 April 2006.
- ^ Professor Sir Hermann Bondi (obituary), The Telegraph (UK), 13 September 2005. Accessed 13 April 2006.
- ^ Gustav V. R. Born, The Born Family in Göttingen and Beyond on Termessos.de. Accessed 13 April 2006.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax Jewish Nobel Prize Winners on Jewish Virtual Library. Accessed 23 March 2006.
- ^ Sydney Brenner on sahistory.org.za. Accessed 13 April 2006.
- ^ Lyn Smith, excerpt from Forgotten Voices of The Holocaust on the site of Random House UK. Accessed 13 April 2006.
- ^ Mary Ellen Bowden, Howard Florey and Ernst Chain: Pharmaceutical Achievers on chemheritage.org. Accessed 13 April 2006.
- ^ ? (PDF) on the site of the Royal Society
- ^ Costa, Anthony da, Jewish Encyclopedia IV p. 289.
- ^ Benjamin Disraeli on Britannia.com. Accessed 13 April 2006.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m JInfo.org list of Jewish Chemists. Accessed 23 March 2006.
- ^ [1] Interview by Australian Academy of Sciences; accessed 2 August 2006.
- ^ Otto Robert Frisch on NNDB. Accessed 16 April 2006.
- ^ Albrecht Fröhlich obituary/biography (PDF) on the site of the Royal Society. Accessed 16 April 2006.
- ^ [2]
- ^ Database entry on Benjamin Gompertz on the site of the Royal Society. Accessed 16 April 2006.
- ^ Paralympics on Thinkquest.org refers to "Ludwig Guttman, a Jewish neurologist and refugee from Nazi Germany". Accessed 16 April 2006.
- ^ Alick Isaacs on the site of The Gazetteer for Scotland. Accessed 18 April 2006.
- ^ a b c d e f g h JInfo.org list of Jews in medical and life sciences. Accessed 26 March 2006.
- ^ Sir George Jessel in the Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th edition, 1911.
- ^ Bernard Katz on Jewish Virtual Library. Accessed 26 March 2006.
- ^ Database entry on Andrew Keller on the site of the Royal Society. Accessed 18 April 2006.
- ^ Aaron Klug autobiography on the NobelPrize.org site. Accessed 18 April 2006.
- ^ JInfo.org list of Jewish winners of the Lasker Award in Basic Medical Research. Accessed 26 March 2006.
- ^ Sir Hans Adolf Krebs, whonamedit.com, accessed 21 June 2006.
- ^ Harold Kroto autobiography, in Les Prix Nobel. The Nobel Prizes 1996, Editor Tore Frängsmyr, Nobel Foundation, Stockholm., 1997
- ^ Jewish Science and Technology Books, accessed 21 June 2006.
- ^ Cesar Milstein, Jewish Virtual Library. Accessed 30 June 2006.
- ^ Ludwig Mond, Encyclopædia Britannica online. Accessed 30 June 2006.
- ^ MONTEFIORE, SIR MOSES HAIM Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition. Scanned online copy accessed 30 June 2006.
- ^ JInfo.org list of Jewish Biomedical and Life Scientists. Comprehensive list. Accessed 31 July 2006.
- ^ Martin Sugarman, Jewish RAF Special Operators in Radio Counter Measures with 101 Squadron, Jewish Virtual Library. Accessed 31 July 2006.
- ^ Max Blythe, Interview with Sir Gustav Nossal, Australian Academy of Science, 1998. Accessed 31 July 2006.
- ^ a b JInfo.org list of Jewish Computer and Information Scientists. Accessed 26 March 2006.
- ^ JInfo.org list of Jewish Nobel Prize Winners in Chemistry. Accessed 26 March 2006.
- ^ Paul Knepper, "Michael Polanyi and Jewish Identity", Philosophy of the Social Sciences. 2005; 35: 263-293. (Subscription site online)
- ^ Richard Rado biography, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, Scotland. Accesed online 16 August 2006.
- ^ The RETURN Statement: Against the Israeli Law of Return - For the Palestinian Right to Return, archived March 8, 2005 on the Internet Archive.
- ^ Joseph Rotblat, 96; Nobel Winner Who Supported Nuclear Disarmament, Los Angeles Times obituary of Joseph Rotblat, reproduced on the site of Pugwash. Accesed online 16 August 2006.
- ^ Jewish winners of the GM Cancer Foundation Alfred P. Sloan, Jr. Prize on JInfo.org. Accessed 27 August 2006.
- ^ Jewish winners of the Frank Nelson Cole Prizes in Algebra and Number Theory on JInfo.org. Accessed 27 August 2006.
- ^ Database entry on Isaac de Sequeira Samuda on the site of the Royal Society. Accessed 18 April 2006.
- ^ Louis (Lou) Siminovitch profile on science.ca. Accessed 27 August 2006.
- ^ James Joseph Sylvester on The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive. Accessed 18 April 2006.
- ^ entry on Henry de Worms on the site of the Royal Society. Accessed 18 April 2006.
- ^ a b c d e f JInfo.org list of Jewish winners of the US National Medal of Science. Accessed 23 March 2006.
References
JYB = Jewish Year Book, annual since 1896