Russian Revolution
Overview
The Russian Revolution of 1917 led to the overthrow of the Russian Czars and to the establishing of the Soviet Union, which lasted until 1992. It was led by Vladimir Lenin. It marked the beginning of the spread of communism in the twentieth century.
Quick Chronology to 1917
Dates are correct for the Julian calendar, which was used in Russia until 1918. It was twelve days behind the Gregorian calendar during the 19th Century and a day further behind during the 20th century.
- 1855 Start of reign of Russian Tsar Alexander II
- 1861 Emancipation of the serfs
- 1866-74 The White Terror
- 1881 Alexander II assassinated. Alexander III
- 1883 First Russian marxist group formed
- 1894 Start of reign of Nicholas II
- 1898 First Congress of Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP)
- 1900 Foundation of Socialist Revolutionary Party (SR)
- 1903 Second Congress of Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. Split
- 1904-5 Russo-Japanese War
- 1905 Revolution.
- Jan - Bloody Sunday in St Petersburg.
- June - Potemkin
- Oct - general strike, St Petersburg Soviet formed
- imperial agreement on elections to the State Duma - October Manifesto
- 1906 First State Duma. Prime Minister - Petr Stolypin. Agrarian reforms begin
- 1907 Second State Duma, Feb - June
- 1907 Third State Duma, until 1912
- 1911 Stolypin assassinated
- 1912 Fourth State Duma, until 1917. Bolshevik - Menshevik split final
- 1914 Germany declares war on Russia
- 1915 Serious defeats, Nicholas II declares himself CinC. Progressive Bloc formed
- 1916 Gregory Rasputin killed
More detailed quick chronology of 1917
Jan
- Strikes and unrest in Petrograd
Feb
- The February Revolution
- 26th 50 demonstrators killed in Znamenskaya Square
- 27th Troops refuse to fire on demonstrators, desertions. Prison, court and
- Okhrana buidings set on fire. Garrison joins revolutionaries.
- Petrograd Soviet formed.
March
- 1st Order No.1 of the Petrograd Soviet
- 2nd Nicholas II abdicates. Provisional Goverment formed, Prince Lvov PM
April
- 3rd Return of Lenin to Russia. April Theses
- 20th Miliukov's note published. Provisional Government falls
May
- 5th New Provisional Government formed. Kerensky minister of war and navy
June
- 3rd First All-Russian Congress of Soviets in Petrograd. Closed on 24th
- 16th Kerensky orders offensive against Austro-Hungarian forces. Initial success
July
- 2nd Russian offensive ends. Trotsky joins Bolsheviks
- 4th Anti-government demonstrations in Petrograd
- 6th German and Austro-Hungarian counter-attack. Russians retreat in panic, sacking
- the town of Tarnopol. Arrest of Bolshevik leaders ordered
- 7th Lvov resigns. Kerensky is new PM
- 22nd Trotsky and Lunacharskii arrested
Aug.
- 26th Second coalition government ends
- 27th General Lavr Kornilov failed coup. Kornilov arrested and imprisoned
Sept.
- 1st Russia declared a republic
- 4th Trotsky and others freed. Trotsky becomes head of Petrograd Soviet
- 25th Third coalition government formed
Oct.
- 10th Bolshevik Central Committee meeting approves armed uprising
- 11th Congress of Soviets of the Northern Region, until 13th
- 20th First meeting of the Military Revolutionary Committee of Petrograd
- 25th MRC directs armed workers and soldiers to capture key buidings in Petrograd.
- Winter Palace attacked at 9.40pm. Kerensky flees Petrograd
- 26th Second Congress of Soviets. Mensheviks and right SR delegates walk-out in
- protest at coup. Decrees on peace and land reform. Soviet government declared -
- the Council of People's Commissars; Bolshevik dominated with Lenin as chairman