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Native American dogs

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Native American dogs are dog landraces & breeds raised, created by, and living with people indigenous to the Americas.[citation needed]

Prehistory

Whereas the appearance of dogs have been traced in America for at least 10,000 years, well datable dog fossils appear in South America only between 7,500 and 4,500 YBP.[1][2] Findings for dogs in South America get only denser by 3,500 YBP but seem to be restricted to agriculture in the Andes.[1][2] The oldest finding of a dog for Brazil is dated as 1701 and 1526 cal BP,[1] and for the Pampa in Argentina the oldest is dated as 930 BP.[2]

Lineage

In 2013, a genetic study of modern and ancient canids found that 64% of the dogs sampled were sister to a 14,500 years before present wolf sequence from the Kesserloch cave in Switzerland, with a most recent common ancestor estimated to 32,100 years before present. This group of dogs matched three fossil pre-Columbian New World dogs dated between 1,000 and 8,500 YBP, which supported the hypothesis that pre-Columbian dogs in the New World share ancestry with modern dogs and that they likely arrived with the first humans to the New World.[3]

The dogs of native Americans were described as looking and sounding like wolves.[4]

The Hare Indian is suspected by one author of being a domesticated coyote based on its historical description.[5]

Historical purposes

Culinary

See also: Dog meat

Depending on the people, dog meat could be taboo, only eaten in famine; just not generally eaten; or a normal element of their cuisine, used in either daily life or as a delicacy.[citation needed] Dogs were more commonly eaten amongst people who lived on the great plains, but not all great plains cultures partook in it. [citation needed] Some of the cultures that ate dogs were:

Hunting

The village dogs of the great plains were occasionally used to help hunt small game. [citation needed] Other dogs, such as the Tahltan Bear Dog, were bred to hunt larger game [7]

Herding

In the Andes region of South America some cultures like the Chiribaya and Inca used herding dogs, such as the Peruvian shepherd dog.

Lap dogs

Mexica nobles occasionally kept tlalchichi, the ancestor of modern Chihuahuas, as pets. [citation needed]

Retrieving

The Innu of modern eastern Canada used the Innu Canoe Hunting dog for retrieving shot waterfowl. [citation needed]

Sledding

See also: Sled dog

Some northern cultures, mainly the Inuit-Yup'ik, developed dogs for sledding; such as the ancestors of the Alaskan Malamute. [citation needed]

Watch dogs

The pariah dogs of many nations served use as watchdogs. [citation needed]

Modern times

Most Native American dog breeds are extinct. The ones that survive have bred extensively with Colonial-originated dogs to the point where they are much more European in genetic structure than ancient American dogs.

Breeds and landraces

Extinct, classified breeds:

Ancient breeds & landraces:

Breeds/landraces crossed to the point where American genetics are nearly nonexistent:

Standardized breeds that were previously landraces:

Breeds Falsely advertised as Native American originate:

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Guedes Milheira, R.; Loponte, D. M.; García Esponda, C.; Acosta, A.; Ulguim, P.: The First Record of a Pre-Columbian Domestic lupus familiaris) in Brazil. In: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 23 Sep 2016, doi: 10.1002/oa.2546, [1].
  2. ^ a b c Luciano Prates, Francisco J. Prevosti, Mónica Berón: First records of Prehispanic dogs in southern South America (Pampa-Patagonia, Argentina). In: Current Anthropology, volume 51, number. 2, April 2010, pp. 273-280, doi: 10.1086/650166.
  3. ^ Thalmann, O.; Shapiro, B.; Cui, P.; Schuenemann, V. J.; Sawyer, S. K.; Greenfield, D. L.; Germonpre, M. B.; Sablin, M. V.; Lopez-Giraldez, F.; Domingo-Roura, X.; Napierala, H.; Uerpmann, H.-P.; Loponte, D. M.; Acosta, A. A.; Giemsch, L.; Schmitz, R. W.; Worthington, B.; Buikstra, J. E.; Druzhkova, A.; Graphodatsky, A. S.; Ovodov, N. D.; Wahlberg, N.; Freedman, A. H.; Schweizer, R. M.; Koepfli, K.- P.; Leonard, J. A.; Meyer, M.; Krause, J.; Paabo, S.; et al. (2013). "Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Ancient Canids Suggest a European Origin of Domestic Dogs". Science. 342 (6160): 871. doi:10.1126/science.1243650. PMID 24233726.
  4. ^ Dogs: Domestication and the Development of a Social Bond by Darcy F. Morey page 40
  5. ^ "Was the Hare Indian dog a domesticated coyote? | Natural History". Retrieverman.net. Retrieved 2016-05-21.
  6. ^ Kelly (Wiggins), Fanny. "Narrative of My Captivity Among the Sioux Indians", Hartford, Conn.: Mutual publishing company, 1871.
  7. ^ "Pets - Tips & Advice | mom.me". Pawnation.com. Retrieved 2016-05-21.
  8. ^ "Barks From The Past – 10 Extinct Dog Breeds | Dog Reflections". Dogguide.net. Retrieved 2016-05-21.
  9. ^ "The Tahltan Bear Dog". Everythinghusky.com. Retrieved 2016-05-21.
  10. ^ a b Rhitu Chatterjee (2013-07-10). "Barking Up The Family Tree: American Dogs Have Surprising Genetic Roots". NPR. Retrieved 2016-05-21.
  11. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on May 18, 2015. Retrieved May 10, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  12. ^ "Chinook History". Chinook.org. 1917-01-17. Retrieved 2016-05-21.
  13. ^ "Northern Inuit Dog". Petguide.com. 2015-05-21. Retrieved 2016-05-21.
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