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Kings County, California

Coordinates: 36°04′N 119°49′W / 36.07°N 119.81°W / 36.07; -119.81
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Kings County, California
County
County of Kings
Kings County Courthouse
Kings County Courthouse
Flag of Kings County, California
Flag
Official seal of Kings County, California
Seal
Location in the state of California
Location in the state of California
California's location in the United States
California's location in the United States
Country United States
State California
RegionSan Joaquin Valley
Metropolitan areaHanford-Corcoran
EstablishedMarch 22, 1893[1]
Named forKings River
County seatHanford
Largest cityHanford
Area
 • Total1,392 sq mi (3,610 km2)
 • Land1,389 sq mi (3,600 km2)
 • Water2.1 sq mi (5 km2)
Population
 (April 1, 2010)[2]
 • Total152,982
 • Estimate 
(2018)[3]
151,662
 • Density110/sq mi (42/km2)
Time zoneUTC−8 (Pacific Time Zone)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−7 (Pacific Daylight Time)
Area code559
FIPS code06-031
GNIS feature ID277280
Primary AirportHanford Municipal Airport
HJO (Minor/Regional)
Interstate Highways
State Routes
Commuter Rail
Websitecountyofkings.com

Kings County is a county in the U.S. state of California. The population was 152,982 at the 2010 census.[4] The California Department of Finance estimated the county's population was 151,662 as of January 1, 2018.[5] The county seat is Hanford.[6]

Kings County comprises the Hanford-Corcoran, CA metropolitan statistical area, which is also included in the Visalia-Porterville-Hanford, CA combined statistical area. It is in the San Joaquin Valley, a rich agricultural region.

History

The area was inhabited for thousands of years by American Indians including the Tachi Yokuts tribe.[7] It was colonized by Spain, Mexico and the United States.

An 1805 expedition probably led by Spanish Army Lieutenant Gabriel Moraga recorded discovering the river, which they named El Rio de los Santos Reyes (River of the Holy Kings) after the Three Wise Men of the Bible.[8] At the time of the United States conquest of California in 1848, the new government changed the name to Kings River after which the county was named.[8]

In 1880, a dispute over land titles between settlers and the Southern Pacific Railroad resulted in a bloody gun battle on a farm 5.6 mi (9.0 km) northwest of Hanford; seven men died. This event became known as the Mussel Slough Tragedy.

Kings County was formed in 1893 from the western part of Tulare County.[8] In 1909, by an act of the state legislature, 208 square miles (540 km2) of Fresno County territory was added to the northwest portion of Kings County.[9]

Settlers reclaimed Tulare Lake and its wetlands for agricultural development. In surface area, it was formerly the largest body of freshwater west of the Great Lakes, and supported a large population of migratory birds as well as local birds and wildlife. Monoculture has sharply reduced habitat for many species.

In 1928, oil was discovered in the Kettleman Hills located in the southwestern part of Kings County. The Kettleman North Dome Oil Field became one of the most productive oil fields in the United States.[10]

In 1933 during the Great Depression, over 18,000 cotton pickers in the southern San Joaquin Valley, mostly migrant Mexican workers, went on strike. During the strike, 3,500 striking farm workers lived in a four-acre camp on the land of a small farmer on the outskirts of Corcoran. Ultimately, the federal government intervened to force both sides to negotiate a settlement.[11]

Lemoore Army Airfield was established for training and defense during World War II. In 1961, the U.S. Navy opened NAS Lemoore 9 miles (14 km) west of Lemoore, not far from the earlier site.

The completion of the California Aqueduct in the early 1970s brought needed water for agriculture and domestic use to the west side of the county.

Historic sites

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,392 square miles (3,610 km2), of which 1,389 square miles (3,600 km2) is land and 2.1 square miles (5.4 km2) (0.2%) is water.[12]

Kings County is bordered on the north and northwest by Fresno County, on the east by Tulare County, on the south by Kern County and a small part of San Luis Obispo County and on the west by Monterey County.

Most of the historic Tulare Lake was within Kings County. Although reclaimed for farming late in the 19th century, it was the largest freshwater lake west of the Great Lakes.

Demographics

2011

Places by population, race, and income

2010

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
19009,871—
191016,23064.4%
192022,03135.7%
193025,38515.2%
194035,16838.5%
195046,76833.0%
196049,9546.8%
197064,61029.3%
198073,73814.1%
1990101,46937.6%
2000129,46127.6%
2010152,98218.2%
2018 (est.)151,662[3]−0.9%
U.S. Decennial Census[20]
1790–1960[21] 1900–1990[22]
1990–2000[23] 2010–2015[4]

The 2010 United States Census reported that Kings County had a population of 152,982. The census included inmates of the three men's state prisons. According to the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, there were 18,640 inmates in Kings County prisons on March 31, 2010, which was 12.2% of the population.[24] The inmate population had been reduced to 13,894 on December 31, 2013.[24] The racial makeup of Kings County was 83,027 (54.3%) White, 11,014 (7.2%) African American, 2,562 (1.7%) Native American, 5,620 (3.7%) Asian, 271 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 42,996 (28.1%) from other races, and 7,492 (4.9%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 77,866 persons (50.9%).[25]

The U.S. Census does not identify how many residents are undocumented immigrants. However, the Public Policy Institute of California issued a report in July 2011, which estimated there were 9,000 illegal immigrants living in Kings County in 2008, which would be 5.8% of the county’s population.[26]

According to the California Board of State and Community Corrections, Kings County had the highest incarceration rate of California's 58 counties in 2014 at 1,384 per 100,000 population. Statewide, the rate was 567 per 100,000.[27]

2000

As of the 2000 census, there were 129,461 people, 34,418 households, and 26,983 families residing in the county. However, the California Department of Finance estimates that the population had grown 154,434 as of January 1, 2008.[28] The population density based on the 2000 census was 36/km² (93/sq mi). There were 36,563 housing units at an average density of 26 per square mile (10/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 53.7% White, 8.3% Black or African American, 1.7% Native American, 3.1% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 28.3% from other races, and 4.8% from two or more races. 43.6% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 7.1% were of Portuguese, 6.2% German, 5.3% Irish and 5.1% American ancestry according to Census 2000. 63.6% spoke English, 30.9% Spanish, 1.4% Tagalog, 1.4% Portuguese and 1.3% Samoan as their first language.

There were 34,418 households out of which 46.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.0% were married couples living together, 14.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.6% were non-families. 17.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.18 and the average family size was 3.56.

In the county, the population was spread out with 29.0% under the age of 18, 11.8% from 18 to 24, 35.0% from 25 to 44, 16.8% from 45 to 64, and 7.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years in 2000, which had increased to 31.1 by the time of the 2010 census.[29] For every 100 females there were 134.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 148.8 males. The ratio may be attributed to the presence of three men's state prisons in the county.

Government and policing

Administration

Kings County is a general law county under the California Constitution. That is, it does not have a county charter. The county is governed by a five-member Board of Supervisors. Supervisors are elected by districts for four-year terms. There are no term limits in effect. The Chairman and Vice-Chairman are elected annually by the Board of Supervisors from among its members. On January 8, 2019, the Board elected Supervisor Joe Neves as Chairman and Supervisor Doug Verboon as Vice-Chairman to serve during 2019. Other Supervisors include Craig Pedersen, Richard Valle and Richard Fagundes.[30] The Board of Supervisors appoints a County Administrative Officer. Rebecca Campbell was appointed to that office effective on January 1, 2018. She succeeded Larry Spikes who held the post from 1993 through 2017.[31][32][33]

Sheriff

The Kings County Sheriff-Coroner-Public Administrator is David Robinson. The Kings County Sheriff's Office provides court protection, county jail operation, and coroner services for the entire county. It provides patrol and detective services to the unincorporated areas of the county.[34]

Municipal police departments

Within Kings County, there are four city police departments: Hanford (the county seat), Corcoran, Lemoore, and Avenal.

State and federal representation

In the California State Legislature, Kings County is in the 14th Senate District, represented by Democrat Anna Caballero,[35] and in the 32nd Assembly District, represented by Vacant.[36][37]

In the United States House of Representatives, Kings County in California's 21st District and is represented by Democrat TJ Cox.[38]

Politics

Voter registration

According to the Kings County Election Office, as of March 24, 2017, 51,323 residents were registered to vote. There were 22,341 voters registered as Republicans, 17,429 registered as Democrats and 9,443 did not state a party preference. The remaining 2,104 registered with minor parties.[39]

Cities by population and voter registration

Overview

Kings has long been a strongly Republican county in Presidential elections. The last Democratic candidate for President to win the county was Hubert Humphrey in 1968, and the last to win a majority was Lyndon Johnson in 1964.

Presidential elections results
Kings County vote
by party in presidential elections[41]
Year GOP DEM Others
2016 52.73% 18,093 39.69% 13,617 7.58% 2,600
2012 56.24% 17,671 41.31% 12,979 2.44% 768
2008 56.14% 19,710 42.00% 14,747 1.85% 651
2004 65.41% 21,003 33.74% 10,833 0.85% 274
2000 57.80% 16,377 38.97% 11,041 3.24% 917
1996 47.91% 12,368 43.59% 11,254 8.50% 2,193
1992 41.61% 10,673 38.91% 9,982 19.48% 4,996
1988 56.41% 12,118 42.56% 9,142 1.03% 222
1984 64.10% 13,364 35.13% 7,324 0.77% 160
1980 55.37% 10,531 38.37% 7,299 6.26% 1,191
1976 49.65% 8,263 48.44% 8,061 1.91% 318
1972 56.52% 10,509 39.12% 7,274 4.37% 812
1968 43.07% 7,796 47.75% 8,643 9.18% 1,662
1964 30.54% 5,753 69.39% 13,073 0.07% 14
1960 42.31% 6,991 57.13% 9,439 0.56% 92
1956 42.28% 6,195 57.45% 8,417 0.27% 40
1952 49.19% 7,708 50.09% 7,850 0.72% 113
1948 37.23% 4,289 59.97% 6,909 2.80% 323
1944 34.22% 3,468 65.04% 6,591 0.74% 75
1940 31.75% 3,911 67.43% 8,307 0.83% 102
1936 23.67% 2,226 75.10% 7,062 1.23% 116
1932 26.72% 2,009 69.05% 5,191 4.23% 318
1928 51.51% 2,947 47.21% 2,701 1.28% 73
1924 50.00% 2,812 19.72% 1,109 30.29% 1,703
1920 59.61% 2,806 34.08% 1,604 6.31% 297
1916 39.65% 2,221 51.86% 2,905 8.50% 476
1912 0.00% 0 49.82% 1,967 50.18% 1,981
1908 53.22% 1,198 38.16% 859 8.62% 194
1904 58.67% 1,110 31.45% 595 9.88% 187
1900 51.76% 1,032 43.73% 872 4.51% 90
1896 43.06% 673 55.15% 862 1.79% 28

In November 2008, Kings County voted 73.7% for Proposition 8 which amended the California Constitution to define marriage as one man and one woman.[citation needed]

Crime

The following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense.

Cities by population and crime rates

Economy

The economy is based on agriculture. About 87% of Kings County's 890,000 acres is agricultural farmland. The gross value of all agricultural crops and products produced during 2017 in Kings County was $2,066,029,000. Kings County is 10th among California counties in agricultural production. The top commodity in 2017 was milk with a value of $676.6 millon. Other major agricultural commodities included cotton, cattle and calves, almonds and pistachios and tomatoes. These four commodities have been consistently at the top for the past 25 years.[44][45] Another major employer is NAS Lemoore, the U.S. Navy's newest and largest master jet base. According to a Navy study in 2008, payroll, base spending, retiree and veterans' checks total more than $1 billion in annual economic impact to the region.[46] Other important employers include a Del Monte Foods tomato processing plant, Adventist Health, the J. G. Boswell Company, an Olam International tomato processing facility, Leprino Foods, the largest mozzarella cheese maker in the world, the Kings County Government and the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation which operates three state prisons in Kings County.[47]

In 2011-2013, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated that the median household income in the county was $47,035 and that 17.6% of the population was below the poverty line.[48] In 2016, according to the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, average per capita income was $32,287 in Kings County, which ranked it 56th of California's 58 counties.[49] According to the California Department of Finance, in 2012, the median household income was $45,935 and 17.3% of households were below the poverty line.[50]

The homeownership rate was 54.2% at the time of the 2010 census.[29] According to Zillow Real Estate Research, an estimated 24% of homeowners in the county owned their homes free and clear in the third quarter of 2012.[51]

Taxable sales in 2015 totaled about $1.7 billion.[52]

Kings County did not escape the effects of the Great Recession. The unemployment rate in May 2012 was 14.9%, up from 10.1% in July 2008. However, the rate had dropped to 8.2% in December 2018 and the average unemployment rate for the entire year of 2018 was 7.8%, the lowest in at least 28 years.[53][54] According to the California Employment Development Department, as of December 2012, civilian employment totaled 53,100 and an additional 8,900 people were unemployed. Many residents of Kings County were employed in services (31,900 persons, including 14,800 government employees) and agriculture (5,500 employees) as well as in some manufacturing enterprises (4,300 employees) and construction (1,000 employees).[55] Jeffrey Michael, director of the Business Forecasting Center at the University of the Pacific, stated in an October 2010 newspaper interview that nearly half of Kings County's personal earnings come from government jobs, which pay more than agricultural employment.

Kings County's dairy industry dropped from $670 million in milk sold in 2008 to $411 million in 2009 - a 39% drop.[56] By mid-2009, the price paid to milk producers had dropped to a point that was far below the cost of production according to a July 2009 quote from Bill Van Dam, CEO of the Alliance of Western Milk Producers.[57] By December 2010, milk prices had increased to about $13 per hundredweight from a low of below $10 in 2009. However, the price of corn used for feed had increased because of its use by the ethanol industry. Van Dam was quoted that month as saying that at current prices, dairy operators are at or close to the break-even point.[58] By the summer of 2012, it was reported that despite a milk price of about $15 per hundredweight, the rising cost of cattle feed had caused many dairy farmers to sell all or part of their herds and even file for bankruptcy.[59] In 2014, milk prices were topping $22 per hundredweight and the value of milk sold rose to $970 million in that year.[60] However, by March 2016 milk was reportedly selling closer to $13 per hundredweight.[61]

Culture

Kings County has a large annual celebration held each May called Kings County Homecoming Week.[62] In 2015, the event was scaled back to one day and renamed Pioneer Days.[63] The event returned as Kings County Homecoming Week in 2016 but without the traditional parade.[64]

Transportation

Major highways

Public transportation

Kings Area Rural Transit (KART) operates regularly scheduled fixed route bus service, vanpool service for commuters and Dial-A-Ride (demand response) services throughout Kings County as well as to Fresno.[65]

Amtrak trains stop in Corcoran and Hanford.

Orange Belt Stages provides inter-city bus service to and from Hanford. Connections with Greyhound can be made in Visalia or Paso Robles.

Airports

Hanford Municipal Airport is a general aviation airport located just southeast of Hanford. The privately owned airport in Avenal is the home of the Central California Soaring Club.[66]

Communities

Incorporated cities

Census-designated places

Unincorporated communities

Formerly proposed new city

Native American Reservation

Population ranking

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2010 census of Kings County.[67]

† county seat

Rank City/Town/etc. Municipal type Population (2010 Census)

1 † Hanford City 53,967
2 Corcoran City 24,813
3 Lemoore City 24,531
4 Avenal City 15,505
5 Lemoore Station CDP 7,438
6 Armona CDP 4,156
7 Home Garden CDP 1,761
8 Kettleman City CDP 1,439
9 Stratford CDP 1,277
10 Santa Rosa Rancheria[68] AIAN 652
11 Grangeville CDP 469
12 Hardwick CDP 138

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Other = Some other race + Two or more races
  2. ^ Native American = Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander + American Indian or Alaska Native
  3. ^ a b Percentage of registered voters with respect to total population. Percentages of party members with respect to registered voters follow.
  4. ^ Only larceny-theft cases involving property over $400 in value are reported as property crimes.

References

  1. ^ "Kings County". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
  2. ^ "American Fact Finder - Results". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 1, 2015.
  3. ^ a b "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved June 9, 2017.
  4. ^ a b "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
  5. ^ http://dof.ca.gov/Forecasting/Demographics/Estimates/E-1/ accessed December 20, 2018
  6. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on 2011-05-31. Retrieved 2011-06-07. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ "Tachi Yokut Tribe – The Indians of the San Joaquin Valley were known as Yokuts". Tachi-yokut-nsn.gov. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
  8. ^ a b c Hoover, p. 132
  9. ^ Brown, Robert L. (1940). History of Kings County. A. H. Cawston. p. 53.
  10. ^ Brown, Robert L. (1940). History of Kings County. A. H. Cawston. p. 123.
  11. ^ Weber, Devra (1994). Dark Sweat. White Gold: California Farm Workers, Cotton and the New Deal. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. pp. 79–111. ISBN 0-520-20710-6.
  12. ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved September 26, 2015.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B02001. American FactFinder. Retrieved 2013-10-26.
  14. ^ a b U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B03003. American FactFinder. Retrieved 2013-10-26.
  15. ^ a b U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B19301. American FactFinder. Retrieved 2013-10-21.
  16. ^ a b U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B19013. American FactFinder. Retrieved 2013-10-21.
  17. ^ a b U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B19113. American FactFinder. Retrieved 2013-10-21.
  18. ^ a b U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. American FactFinder. Retrieved 2013-10-21.
  19. ^ U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B01003. American FactFinder. Retrieved 2013-10-21.
  20. ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on May 12, 2015. Retrieved September 26, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  21. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved September 26, 2015.
  22. ^ Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 26, 2015.
  23. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Retrieved September 26, 2015.
  24. ^ a b California, State of. "Monthly Total Population Report Archive". Cdcr.ca.gov. Archived from the original on 2013-05-22. Retrieved 7 November 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  25. ^ "2010 Census P.L. 94-171 Summary File Data". United States Census Bureau.
  26. ^ "Unauthorized Immigrants in California: Estimates for Counties - Public Policy Institute of California". Ppic.org. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
  27. ^ Hanford Sentinel, March 28–29, 2015
  28. ^ California Department of Finance, Table E-2, California County Population Estimates and Percent Change, Revised July 1, 2000 through Provisional July 1, 2006
  29. ^ a b Fresno Bee, May 15, 2011
  30. ^ https://www.countyofkings.com/home/showdocument?id=19616 accessed January 11, 2019
  31. ^ https://www.countyofkings.com/Home/Components/News/News/3500/18?backlist=%2f accessed December 2, 2017
  32. ^ Hanford Sentinel”, December 23, 2017
  33. ^ Hanford Sentinel”, December 27, 2017
  34. ^ https://www.countyofkings.com/departments/public-safety/sheriff accessed January 11, 2019
  35. ^ "Communities of Interest — County". California Citizens Redistricting Commission. Archived from the original on October 23, 2015. Retrieved September 28, 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  36. ^ "Statewide Database". UC Regents. Retrieved November 24, 2014.
  37. ^ Fresno Bee”, December 6, 2018
  38. ^ "California's 21st Congressional District - Representatives & District Map". Civic Impulse, LLC.
  39. ^ Hanford Sentinel”, April 11, 2017
  40. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q California Secretary of State. February 10, 2013 - Report of Registration Archived July 27, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2013-10-31.
  41. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved 2018-08-31.
  42. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Office of the Attorney General, Department of Justice, State of California. Table 11: Crimes – 2009 Archived 2013-12-02 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2013-11-14.
  43. ^ a b c United States Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation. Crime in the United States, 2012, Table 8 (California). Retrieved 2013-11-14.
  44. ^ 2017 Kings County Crop Report, Kings County Department of Agriculture/Measurement Standards, June 19, 2018
  45. ^ Hanford Sentinel”, June 22, 2018
  46. ^ Fresno Bee”, February 22, 2016
  47. ^ "Major Employers in California". Labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
  48. ^ Hanford Sentinel, November 15–16, 2014
  49. ^ Fresno Bee, November 20, 2017
  50. ^ Hanford Sentinel, November 8, 2013
  51. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-01-23. Retrieved 2013-01-22. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  52. ^ Equalization, California State Board of. "Taxable Sales In California 2015 - Board of Equalization". www.boe.ca.gov. Retrieved 16 March 2018.
  53. ^ http://www.labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov/data/labor-force-and-unemployment-for-cities-and-census-areas.html
  54. ^ Hanford Sentinel”, January 23, 2019
  55. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2011-04-10. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  56. ^ Hanford Sentinel, October 2–3, 2010
  57. ^ Hanford Sentinel, July 11, 2009
  58. ^ Hanford Sentinel, December 18, 2010
  59. ^ Fresno Bee, August 19, 2012
  60. ^ Fresno Bee, June 17, 2015
  61. ^ Hanford Sentinel, March 10, 2016
  62. ^ "accessed 5-9-10". Kingscountyhomecoming.org. Archived from the original on 22 October 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2017. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  63. ^ Hanford Sentinel, May 9, 2015
  64. ^ Hanford Sentinel”, May 7–8, 2016
  65. ^ "Home - My Kart Bus". My Kart Bus. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
  66. ^ "Central California Soaring Club". Soaravenal.com. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
  67. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-12-21. Retrieved 2016-07-10. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  68. ^ [1] [dead link]
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