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Jatt, Israel

Coordinates: 32°23′58″N 35°02′12″E / 32.39944°N 35.03667°E / 32.39944; 35.03667
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For the village in the northern Galilee, see Yanuh-Jat.
Jatt
  • גַ'ת‎
  • جت
Local council
Jatt is located in Haifa region of Israel
Jatt
Jatt
Jatt is located in Israel
Jatt
Jatt
Coordinates: 32°23′58″N 35°02′12″E / 32.39944°N 35.03667°E / 32.39944; 35.03667
Grid position153/200 PAL
Country Israel
District Haifa
Population
 (2022)[1]
 • Total
12,645
Name meaningwine-press[2]

Jatt (Arabic: جت; Hebrew: גַ'ת) is an Arab local council in the Triangle area of Haifa District in Israel. In 2022 it had a population of 12,645.[1]

Etymology

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The name Jatt preserves the name Gath, Hebrew for winepress.[3][2] The name Gath was used in ancient times to refer to various settlements from the Judean Lowlands in the south to the Galilee in the north. The name Gath is occasionally used in ancient sources along with a qualifier to set it apart from other locations with the same name, such as Gath of the Philistines, Gath-rimmon, Gat Carmel, Gat Hefer, and Gat Padla.[3]

History

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Antiquity

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Archaeologists excavations have yielded remains from Early Bronze Age and Middle Bronze Age. Both local and imported pottery from this period has been found. A scarab, in bone, dating to the 1750–1550 BCE has also been found.[4]

Two ancient burial sites, dating from the Roman period, were discovered in a salvage excavation conducted at Jatt during the 1980s. One of them is a large funerary complex, holding inscriptions atop each of the kokhim, revealing names of Hebrew origin (such as Miriam, Rebeca, Sarah), names common to the Herodian dynasty (Berenice, Agrippa, Herodias), and names of Roman origin (Paulus, Marcus, Tiberius), with most of those dating from the late 1st century and early 2nd century CE. Based on the findings, excavators suggest the site was used by a wealthy Jewish family of the period, which may have had property in the toparchy of Narbata in the chore of Casesarea Maritima. The majority of the discoveries are from this period, but it appears that a Samaritan population used the site in the following centuries, at least up until the fifth century CE.[3]

Aryeh Kasher asserts that Jatt was a Jewish village during the 1st and 2nd centuries CE.[3]

Two Roman lamps have also been found here.[5][6][7]

Archeological excavations have revealed major remains from the Byzantine and the Mamluk eras.[8][9]

Ottoman era

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Jatt, like the rest of Palestine, was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517, and in the census of 1596, the village was located in the nahiya of Sara in the liwa of Lajjun. It had a population of 5 households, all Muslim. It paid a fixed tax of 25% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, goats and beehives, and occasional revenues; the taxes totalled 5,500 akçe.[10]

In 1870, Victor Guérin noted here: "Several ancient cisterns are scattered about on the rocky plateau upon which stands Jett. The houses are rudely built. Amid the small materials, which are principally constructed, I observed a certain number of cut stones of ancient date. In the courtyard of one house I found an old capital of white marble hollowed to serve as a mortar, and now used to grind coffee. At the foot of the hill is a well, which probably is of ancient date."[11] He further noted that Jatt had fourteen hundred inhabitants.[12] In 1871 (1288 AH), an Ottoman census listed the village in the nahiya (sub-district) of al-Sha'rawiyya al-Gharbiyya.[13]

In 1882, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine described it: "Evidently an ancient site; a moderate-sized village of mud and stone on a high mound at the edge of the plain. It stands beside the main road to the north, near the junction from Shechem, and about 2 1/2 miles north of the road through Attil to the great plain. Wells surround the village and it has a few olives on the west. There are caves to the north and springs about a mile to the northwest.[..] It may also perhaps be the Jethu, or Gath, of Thothmes III, a place north of the road which he pursued to Megiddo."[14]

British Mandate era

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In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Jatt had a population of 680 Muslims,[15] increasing in the 1931 census to 780 Muslim, living in 165 houses.[16]

In the 1945 statistics the population of Jatt was 1,120 Muslims,[17] with a total of 9,631 dunams of land according to an official land and population survey.[18] 1,233 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 8,228 used for cereals,[19] while 31 dunams were built-up (urban) land.[20]

  • Jatt 1942 1:20,000
    Jatt 1942 1:20,000
  • Jatt 1945 1:250,000
    Jatt 1945 1:250,000

Israeli era

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In 1959 the town was declared a local council. In 2003 Jatt was merged with nearby Baqa al-Gharbiyye to form the city of Baqa-Jatt. However, the merger was reversed in 2010.

Politics

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Direct elections were held for the mayoralty for the first time in the 1960s, with Ali Abdul-Razzaq Malak, succeeded by Sharif Jameel Gara. Then in 1973, Ahmed Mahmoud Abu Asba was elected and re-elected for a second term in 1983. Galal Abd al-Kader Wattad won the 1988 elections, and Ahmed Mahmoud Abu Asba returned to the mayoralty in 1993. Mohammad Hassan Abu Foul won the 1998 elections.

Following the local council's re-establishment in 2010, Khaled Gharra was elected mayor. Khaled Gharra was succeeded by Muhammad Taher Wattad and was reelected in 2019.[21] Former Knesset Member and writer Muhammed Wattad was from Jatt.

References

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  1. ^ a b "Regional Statistics". Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved March 21, 2024.
  2. ^ a b Palmer 1881, p. 183
  3. ^ a b c d פורת, יוסף; ינאי, אלי; כשר, אריה (1999). "שרידים ארכיאולוגיים בג'ת". 'Atiqot / עתיקות. 37: 1–78. ISSN 0792-8424.
  4. ^ Sa'id 2006.
  5. ^ Conder 1881, pp. 196-197.
  6. ^ Conder & Kitchener 1882, p. 193.
  7. ^ Conder & Kitchener 1883, p. 438.
  8. ^ Massarwa 2010.
  9. ^ Sa'id 2005.
  10. ^ Hütteroth & Abdulfattah 1977, p. 159.
  11. ^ Guérin 1875, pp. 345-346; as given in Conder & Kitchener 1882, pp. 193-194
  12. ^ Guérin 1875, p. 345.
  13. ^ Grossman, David (2004). Arab Demography and Early Jewish Settlement in Palestine. Jerusalem: Magnes Press. p. 254.
  14. ^ Conder & Kitchener 1882, p. 152.
  15. ^ Barron 1923, p. 27.
  16. ^ Mills 1932, p. 55.
  17. ^ Department of Statistics 1945, p. 20.
  18. ^ Hadawi 1970, p. 75.
  19. ^ Hadawi 1970, p. 125.
  20. ^ Hadawi 1970, p. 175.
  21. ^ "الانتخابات في الطيبة ، باقة وجت - اليكم النتائج بالارقام". Archived from the original on December 8, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2020.

Bibliography

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