From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Template:Totallydisputed
This is a list of all present countries of Europe , sorted by their date of independence or creation.
Note: List is still incomplete and needs a proof-reading .
Date of Independence
Country
Mode of creation and predecessors
301
San Marino
S: Roman Empire [1]
681
Bulgaria
M: Bulgars and Slavic tribes
843
France
D: Frankish Kingdom
843
Scotland
M: Dál Riata and the Pictish kingdom [2]
872
Norway
M: Several small kingdoms [3]
9th century
Bohemia
M: Slavic tribes [4]
9th century
Ukraine as Kyivan Rus
M: East slavic tribes [5]
9th century
Serbia as Rascia
M: State of the Serbs [6]
927
England
M: Wessex and Northumbria [7]
966
Poland
M: State of the Polans and surrounding lands [8]
10th century
Denmark
M
10th century
Sweden
M: Viking Göter and Svear tribes [9]
1001
Hungary
M: St. Stephen unifies country
1139
Portugal
S: Kingdom of Leon
1278
Andorra
S: France
1297
Monaco
S: Genoa
1330
Romania as Wallachia
S: Hungary [10]
1359
Moldova as Moldavia
S: Hungary [11]
1480
Russia
S: Independence from Golden Horde
1512
Spain
M: Castile and Aragon
1523
Sweden
S: Kalmar Union [12]
1581
Netherlands
S: Spain
1648
Switzerland
S: Holy Roman Empire
1707
Kingdom of Great Britain
M: England , Scotland
1801
United Kingdom
M: Kingdom of Great Britain , Kingdom of Ireland
1806
Austria-Hungary / Austria
D: Holy Roman Empire [13]
1806
Liechtenstein
D: Holy Roman Empire [14]
1806
Luxembourg
D: Holy Roman Empire [15]
1806
Prussia
D: Holy Roman Empire [16]
1814
Norway
S: Kalmar Union [17]
1817
Serbia
S: Ottoman Empire
1828
Greece
S: Ottoman Empire
1830
Belgium
S: Netherlands
1861
Italy
M: Modena and Reggio , Parma , Sardinia , Tuscany , Two Sicilies [18]
1871
Germany
M: German Confederation member countries except for Austria , Liechtenstein , Limburg , and Luxembourg
1878
Romania
S: Ottoman Empire
1905
Norway
S: Personal union with Sweden
1908
Bulgaria
S: Ottoman Empire
1912
Albania
S: Ottoman Empire
1917
Finland
S: Russia
1918
Yugoslavia
S: Austria-Hungary ; M: Serbia , Montenegro
1918
Czechoslovakia
S: Austria-Hungary
1918
Hungary
S: Austria-Hungary
1918
Austria
S: Austria-Hungary
1918
Estonia
S: Russia
1918
Iceland
S: Denmark (until 1944 under Danish protectorate)
1918
Latvia
S: Russia
1918
Lithuania
S: Russia
1918
Poland
S: Austria-Hungary , Germany and Russia
1918
Georgia
D: Russia
1918
Armenia
D: Russia
1918
Ukraine
D: Russia
1920
Republic of Ireland
S: United Kingdom
1922
Soviet Union
Russia
1929
Vatican State
S: Italy
1944
Iceland
S: Denmark
1949
Federal Republic of Germany
S: Occupied Nazi Germany (reunified with East Germany through annexation in 1990)
1964
Malta
S: United Kingdom
1990
Lithuania
S: Soviet Union
1990
Latvia
S: Soviet Union
1990
Estonia
S: Soviet Union
1991
Armenia
D: Soviet Union
1991
Azerbaijan
D: Soviet Union
1991
Belarus
D: Soviet Union
1991
Croatia
D: Yugoslavia
1991
FYR Macedonia
D: Yugoslavia
1991
Georgia
D: Soviet Union
1991
Moldova
D: Soviet Union
1991
Ukraine
D: Soviet Union
1991
Russia
D: Soviet Union
1991
Slovenia
D: Yugoslavia
1992
Bosnia-Hercegovina
D: Yugoslavia
1993
Czech Republic
D: Czechoslovakia
1993
Slovakia
D: Czechoslovakia
2006
Montenegro
D: Serbia & Montenegro
2006
Serbia
D: Serbia & Montenegro
Explanations
A country can come into existence either by:
splitting off from one existing country (marked by S in the table), or
through the merging of several existing countries (M).
A special case of a split-off is when a federal country dissolves by dividing up into its constituent states (D).
The date of independence of a country is often arguable; independence cannot be defined precisely. Also, whether something is a newly founded country, or whether it is the same as a previously existing one, is often arguable. In general, if a new political entity has mostly the same area as one of its predecessors, it will be considered as the same country as the predecessor.
Times of temporary dependence may present problems. If the dependence on another country is short and the country survives it without major changes in its area and constitution, such as a period of occupation during a war, it will be ignored. Otherwise, the country will be considered a new creation.
This list presents an attempt to give a simple view of a certain aspect of European history. Oversimplifications are unavoidable.