Loudon's Highlanders
| Loudon's Highlanders 64th Regiment of Foot | |
|---|---|
| Active | 1745–1748 |
| Country |  Kingdom of Great Britain |
| Branch |  British Army |
| Type | Line infantry |
| Size | One battalion |
| Engagements | Jacobite rising War of the Austrian Succession |
Loudon's Highlanders, or the 64th Highlanders, or Earl of Loudon's Regiment of Foot, was an infantry regiment of the British Army.
History
[edit]Formation
[edit]The great bravery of the 43rd Highlanders (later renumbered the 42nd) and the admirable service which they rendered at the Battle of Fontenoy in May 1745, made the Government anxious to avail themselves still further of the military qualities of the Highlanders. Authority, therefore, was given to John Campbell, 4th Earl of Loudoun to raise another Highland regiment under the patronage of the noblemen, chiefs, and gentlemen of that part of the kingdom, whose sons and connections would be appointed officers. The regiment was raised at Inverness and Perth in August 1745 and the Earl of Loudoun served as its colonel throughout its short life. By 8 June 1745, the regiment numbered 1,250 men who were formed into twelve companies.[1] By August 1745, the regiment consisted of twenty companies of men.[2] Loudon's regiment was an entirely different unit to the eighteen Independent Highland Companies with whom they are often confused,[3] and which were raised by Duncan Forbes of Culloden starting in October 1745.[4]
The regiment wore a uniform tartan which had checks of blue and green with thick black borders around the blue, like Black Watch, featuring over-checks of red (on blue) and yellow (on green), and lacking the two black "tram lines" of Black Watch.[5][6] This general colour scheme of blue, green, and black appears to have been imposed across the regiments from on high; "Lord Loudoun tried hard to get a red tartan for his men almost until the time when the regiment was disbanded but he never succeeded."[7] That was probably the red-and-black tartan illustrated in Loudoun's full-length 1747 portrait by Allan Ramsay, which is of a similar style to other red tartans in portraits of the era.[a]
Jacobite rising of 1745
[edit]The regiment fought at the Battle of Prestonpans in September 1745,[9] where they were defeated and many were taken prisoner,[1] but later released. Three companies of Loudon's Highlanders fought for the British Government against the Jacobites at the Battle of Culloden in April 1746, where they were victorious, alongside one company of Highlanders from the 43rd Highlanders, otherwise known as the Black Watch.[10] During the battle, Captain Campbell and six soldiers of the regiment were killed, with two more wounded.[1] In the aftermath of Culloden, the regiment was involved in the search for the Jacobite leader, Charles Edward Stuart, and under Grant of Knockando, they nearly caught him at a hut at Torvault on 23 August 1746, but he managed to escape.[11]
War of Austrian Succession
[edit]The regiment was ranked as the 64th Foot in 1747. It served at the siege of Bergen op Zoom where it distinguished itself and suffered over one thousand casualties out of a complement of 1,450. It was disbanded in 1748.[1]
Officers
[edit]Notable officers of the regiment included:[1]
- Captain John Murray, son of Lord George Murray, in turn son of John Murray, 1st Duke of Atholl, chief of Clan Murray (never actually served).
- Captain Sir Harry Munro, 7th Baronet, son of Colonel Sir Robert Munro, 6th Baronet of Foulis, chief of Clan Munro.
- Captain Alexander Mackay, son of George Mackay, 3rd Lord Reay, chief of Clan Mackay.
- Captain Ewen Macpherson of Cluny, chief of Clan Macpherson (later joined the Jacobites).
- Captain John Sutherland of Forse, of Clan Sutherland.
- Lieutenant John Campbell, of Strachur, who died in 1806, a general in the army, and colonel of the 87th regiment.
- Lieutenant John Robertson or Reid, of Straloch, who died in 1806, at the age of eighty-five, a general in the army and colonel of the Connaught Rangers.
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e Browne, James (1840). A History of the Highlands and of the Highland Clans. Vol. 4. Glasgow: Archibald Fullarton. pp. 239-242. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
- ^ Blaikie, Walter Biggar (1897). "Raising the Standard". Itinerary of Prince Charles Edward Stuart from his landing in Scotland July 1745 to his departure in September 1746. Edinburgh: T. A. Constable, Scottish History Society. p. 7. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
- ^ MacLeod, Ruairidh (1984). Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Inverness. Vol. LIII. p. 310. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
- ^ Simpson, Peter (1996). The Independent Highland Companies, 1603 - 1760. Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers. pp. 127–128 and 130. ISBN 0-85976-432-X.
- ^ "Tartan Details - Loudoun's Highlanders". TartanRegister.gov.uk. Scottish Register of Tartans. 2009. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
- ^ a b Described and illustrated in: Scarlett, James D. (1990). Tartan: The Highland Textile. London: Shepheard-Walwyn. pp. 27, plate 2(a). ISBN 978-0856831201.
- ^ Scarlett (1990), p. 29.
- ^ Dunbar, John Telfer (1979) [1962]. History of Highland Dress (2nd ed.). London: B. T. Batsford. 177–178, plate 45. ISBN 0-7134-1894-X.
- ^ Blaikie (1897). p. 90
- ^ Pollard, Tony (2009). Culloden: The History and Archaeology of the last Clan Battle. South Yorkshire: Pen and Sword Books. pp. 71–72. ISBN 978-1-84884-020-1.
- ^ Blaikie (1897). pp. 64-65