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Luigi Mangione
Close-up of Luigi Mangione in a blue sweater
Mangione following his arrest on December 9, 2024
Born
Luigi Nicholas Mangione

(1998-05-06) May 6, 1998 (age 26)
Towson, Maryland, U.S.
EducationUniversity of Pennsylvania (BSE, MSE)
Known forSuspect in the killing of Brian Thompson
Height5 ft 11 in (1.80 m)[1]
Criminal statusIncarcerated at Metropolitan Detention Center, Brooklyn without bond
Relatives

Luigi Nicholas Mangione (/luˈiːdʒi ˌmændʒiˈoʊni/ ⓘ loo-EE-jee MAN-jee-OH-nee;[2][3] born May 6, 1998) is an American man who was identified as the person of interest and later a suspect in the killing of Brian Thompson, the CEO of United Healthcare. Mangione was arrested and arraigned in Altoona, Pennsylvania, on December 9, 2024.[4] After waiving extradition in Pennsylvania, he appeared in a federal court in New York City on December 19.[5] On December 23, Mangione was arraigned in the New York Supreme Court and pleaded not guilty to his state charges.[6] Mangione has been indicted on eleven state charges and faces four federal charges. These include first-degree murder,[a] murder in furtherance of terrorism, criminal possession of a weapon, and stalking.[7][8] The federal murder by firearm charge makes him eligible for the death penalty,[9] although federal prosecutors have yet to indicate if they will pursue it.[10][b]

Since his arrest, Mangione has received support online, with some celebrating him as a folk hero.[11] The support Mangione has generated has been connected to the public's often negative view of the health insurance industry and what many consider to be unfair claim denial practices that inflict harm.[12][13] The case has spurred growing calls for health insurance reform.[14]

Family background

Mangione was born in Towson, Maryland,[15] on May 6, 1998,[16] to Kathleen (née Zannino) and Louis Mangione (born 1953).[17][18][19] He has two sisters: MariaSanta and Luciana.[20]

Mangione belongs to a prominent local family of Italian descent, known for their philanthropy.[17] His paternal grandfather, Nicholas Mangione (1925–2008), was born to poor Sicilian immigrant parents in the Little Italy neighborhood of Baltimore;[17] he had 10 children (five sons and five daughters) and 37 grandchildren.[15][21] After his death, his children took over his businesses;[22] Luigi's father, Louis, now runs the Mangione Family Enterprises.[23] The family also owns Hayfields Country Club, Turf Valley Resort, Lorien Health Services, the WCBM radio station, as well as the Mangione Family Foundation.[15][21]

Mangione is a cousin of Nino Mangione, a member of the Maryland House of Delegates.

Education and career

Mangione attended Gilman School, an all-boys private school in Baltimore, where he graduated as valedictorian in 2016.[24] Mangione received a Bachelor of Science in Engineering (BSE) in computer engineering from the University of Pennsylvania in 2020 and later received a Master of Science in Engineering (MSE) in computer and information science.[25][26] His undergraduate studies included a minor in mathematics, and his graduate curriculum was concentrated in artificial intelligence.[27] He was a UI programming intern with the video game company Firaxis Games from May 2016 to August 2017 while he was an undergraduate student.[28]

Mangione began to work remotely in November 2020[29] as a data engineer for TrueCar, a car retailing website company headquartered in Santa Monica, California.[30] His employment there ended at some point during 2023, according to the company. His last known residence was in Honolulu, Hawaii.[31]

Alleged role in the killing of Brian Thompson

For broader coverage of this topic, see Killing of Brian Thompson.

Background

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Brian Thompson, the 50-year-old CEO of the American health insurance company UnitedHealthcare, was shot and killed in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, on December 4, 2024. The shooting occurred early in the morning outside an entrance to the New York Hilton Midtown hotel.[32] Thompson was in the city to attend an annual investors' meeting for UnitedHealthcare's parent company UnitedHealth Group. The suspect, initially described as a white man wearing a mask, fled the scene.[33]

The gunman was masked and had come to New York via a bus from Atlanta.[34][35] The words delay, deny, and depose were written on the spent cases and an ejected cartridge.[36][37][38] The three words are similar to the phrase "delay, deny, defend", a well-known phrase in the insurance industry alluding to insurance companies' efforts to not pay out claims.[39] The suspect possibly left the city, being seen at a bus terminal afterward.[40] Anger erupted on social media platforms at Thompson, UnitedHealth, and the health insurance system generally, with many praising the killing.[41]

Arrest

On December 9, 2024, local police arrested Mangione at a McDonald's restaurant in Altoona, Pennsylvania, responding to a call from an employee made in response to a customer who recognized Mangione from images of Thompson's alleged killer released by the NYPD.[42][43][44] Altoona is about 280 miles (450 km) west of New York City.[18] The police reported that he was "visibly shaken" when they asked him if he had recently visited New York City.[45]

Upon searching Mangione, police said they found a similar 3D-printed ghost gun and 3D-printed suppressor to the weapons used in the shooting, and a falsified New Jersey driver's license with name "Mark Rosario", the same name used by the alleged shooter to check into a Manhattan hostel.[4][18][46][47] The police also said that when they arrested Mangione, they found a 262-word handwritten document partly about the American healthcare system, which has been characterized as a manifesto by multiple media outlets.[48][49] Mangione had no prior criminal record.[50]

State and federal charges

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Mangione was charged in Blair County, Pennsylvania, with carrying a gun without a license, forgery, falsely identifying himself to the authorities, and possessing "instruments of crime" on December 9, 2024.[51] He was arraigned at around 6 p.m. at Blair County Courthouse on firearms charges and questioned by the New York City Police Department,[52] and was denied bail.[51][53][54] As he was led into the courthouse, a reporter shouted "Luigi, did you do it?" before Mangione shouted to the gathered cameras: "[Unintelligible] and it's completely out of touch and is an insult to the intelligence of the American people and their lived experience."[55]

Later that day, Mangione was charged in Manhattan with second-degree murder,[a] three counts of illegal weapons possession, and forgery,[56][51][57] and was sent to the State Correctional Institution at Huntingdon, a close-security state correctional facility in Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania.[58]

People v. Mangione
CourtNew York Supreme Court
Full case name People of the State of New York v. Luigi Mangione
CitationCR-036031-24NY
Wikisource has original text related to this article:

On December 17, 2024, Mangione was indicted on eleven New York state charges by the Manhattan district attorney's office.[8]

  1. Murder in the first degree[a] (murder in furtherance of an act of terrorism as defined under the Anti-Terrorism Act of 2001[59])
  2. Murder in the second degree as a crime of terrorism (a crime of terrorism under the Anti-Terrorism Act of 2001, in the form of murder[59])
  3. Murder in the second degree[a] (murder as such – intentional killing[59])
  4. Criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree (possession of a loaded firearm with intent to use the same unlawfully against another)
  5. Criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree (unlicensed carrying of a loaded firearm)
  6. Criminal possession of a weapon in the third degree (possession of an "assault weapon" under the gun laws in New York)
  7. Criminal possession of a weapon in the third degree (silencer)
  8. Criminal possession of a weapon in the third degree (Glock magazine)
  9. Criminal possession of a weapon in the third degree (Magpul magazine)
  10. Criminal possession of a weapon in the fourth degree (ghost gun)
  11. Criminal possession of a forged instrument in the second degree (forged ID)
United States v. Mangione
CourtUnited States District Court for the Southern District of New York
Full case name United States of America v. Luigi Nicholas Mangione
Docket nos.1:24-mj-04375
Wikisource has original text related to this article:

On December 19, 2024, Mangione received an additional four federal charges.[60][61] Possible remedies for murder by firearm include execution.[9][b]

  1. Stalking (interstate insofar as he traveled from Georgia to New York) (18 U.S.C. ss. 2261A(1)(A) and 22661(b)(1))
  2. Stalking (interstate insofar as he used a cellphone and the internet) (18 U.S.C. ss. 2261A(1)(A) and 22661(b)(1))
  3. Murder through use of a firearm (18 U.S.C. s. 924(j)))
  4. Firearms offense (18 U.S.C. s. 924(c)(1)(A)(i), (ii), (iii) and (c)(1)(B)(ii))

Mangione was extradited to New York and is currently being held at Metropolitan Detention Center, Brooklyn.[60]

In a press release from the U.S. Attorney's Office Southern District of New York concerning the unsealing of the Complaint charging Mangione they state "The charges contained in the Complaint are merely accusations, and the defendant is presumed innocent unless and until proven guilty."[10]

On December 23, Mangione was arraigned in the New York Supreme Court and pleaded not guilty to his state charges.[6]

Unnamed sources told the New York Post that health insurance companies have pressured prosecutors to make an example out of the suspect in order to prevent copycat incidents or for other reasons.[62][unreliable source]

Defense

Mangione's Pennsylvania attorney Thomas Dickey said that Mangione would plead not guilty to all the charges against him.[19][63] Mangione hired Karen Friedman Agnifilo, former prosecutor at the Manhattan District Attorney's Office and former legal analyst with CNN, as his New York case defense attorney on December 13.[64] Ten days later, Mangione was flown to New York after waiving his right to an extradition hearing.[65]

On December 13, the crowdfunding platform GoFundMe removed a fundraiser created by Mangione's supporters to cover his legal costs. The site's Terms of Service prohibits fundraisers for the legal defense of violent crimes.[66] A GiveSendGo fundraiser has remained live; as of December 24, it had raised more than US$200,000.[67]

Personal life

Mangione is alleged to suffer from spondylolisthesis and Lyme disease. He reportedly underwent a spinal fusion surgery in July 2023.[68][69] Police stated that Mangione was not insured by UnitedHealthcare.[70][71]

In the summer of 2024, Mangione allegedly stopped posting on social media.[72] On November 18, 2024, his mother reported him missing to the San Francisco Police Department, saying the family had not heard from him since July of that year,[73] shortly after a trip to East and Southeast Asia.[69] Mangione's mother contacted the San Francisco Police Department because she believed that Mangione lived in San Francisco and still worked for TrueCar, which had an office there.[74]

Views

Handwritten document

Upon his arrest, police said they found in his possession a 262-word handwritten document that, according to New York Police Department commissioner Jessica Tisch, allegedly speaks to Mangione's "motivation and mind-set".[75][76] Excerpts of the document included, "These parasites had it coming" and "I do apologize for any strife or trauma, but it had to be done". The document compared health care companies to parasites, and expressed disdain for corporate greed and power. It also said that the United States had the most high-priced health care system in the world, and that that profits continued to rise while the life expectancy of Americans did not.[77]

Ken Klippenstein of KLIPNEWS is the only media outlet to publish what was assumed to be the entire document police said was found on Mangione.[78] However, the Complaint filed by the U.S. Attorney's office states "The Feds Letter also stated: 'P.S. you can check serial numbers to verify this is all self-funded. My own ATM withdrawals.'"[79] which is not shown in the document that was released to media outlets.[78]

Analysis of social media presence

Several news outlets analyzed Mangione's social media in the wake of his arrest, and drew conclusions on his social, political and religious views. His posts were found to express concerns over the implications of pornography, DEI programs, falling fertility rates, wokeism, secularization, and the decline of Christianity, and he promoted traditionalist ideas.[80][81][82][83][84] He leans in favor of religion in general on evolutionary grounds,[85][86] opposing New Atheism[87] and has expressed interest in Japan's indigenous religion, Shintoism.[88] Mangione showed a skeptical attitude towards both Joe Biden and Donald Trump, while showing apparent support for Robert F. Kennedy Jr.'s run for president in 2024.[89] Multiple sources have reported that he followed Democratic Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez as well as Robert F. Kennedy Jr. and others, labelling him as politically uncategorized and "anti-system".[88][90][91]

According to Business Insider, Mangione's since-deleted social media posts supported the idea that "his worldview was influenced by reactionary right-wing thinkers".[89] Time magazine said it could not discern whether his political views were left-wing or right-wing.[50] The Spectator wrote that his worldview "wasn’t pinned to a standard left-right axis."[82] Jacobin stated that he held "a hodgepodge of views and political beliefs that don’t neatly map onto any one category on the political spectrum".[92]

Mangione posted a Goodreads review of Ted Kaczynski's Industrial Society and Its Future,[80] describing Kaczynski as "rightfully imprisoned" and was critical of his use of violence against innocent individuals. The review was quoted as writing, "Clearly written by a mathematics prodigy. Reads like a series of lemmas on the question of 21st century quality of life", and "It's easy to quickly and thoughtless write this off as the manifesto of a lunatic, in order to avoid facing some of the uncomfortable problems it identifies [...] but it's simply impossible to ignore how prescient many of his predictions about modern society turned out." The review, which gave the manifesto four out of five stars, also contained a quote that the reviewer claimed to have found online. The quote contained the lines "'Violence never solved anything' is a statement uttered by cowards and predators" and "when all other forms of communication fail, violence is necessary to survive."[93][94][81]

Extremism expert Robert Evans described Mangione as being associated with a loosely-defined online subculture called the "gray tribe" or the "rationalist movement", whose members he described as "self-consciously intellectual and open-minded, [and] preoccupied with learning how to overcome their own mental biases. They're deliberately eclectic in their information diet, invoking esoteric ideas from many different fields, [and are] often systems thinkers, who take pride in attributing social problems not to individual evil but to complex interplays of incentives and institutions".[85]

Public image

Following the Thompson shooting, the suspected shooter was viewed as a folk hero by many social media users.[57][95][96] Look-alike contests have been held in New York City's Washington Square Park and the University of Florida.[97][98][99]

After Mangione's arrest, he received support and praise on social media,[100] and received over 460,000 followers after his identification on Twitter.[45] According to the Network Contagion Research Institute, variations of "#FreeLuigi" have been shared over 50,000 times on Twitter after his arrest.[96] The support Mangione has generated is connected with the public's view of the corporate controlled health insurance industry and what many consider to be unfair claim denial practices.[101][102][103][104] The case has spurred calls for health insurance reform.[14]

Images and memes of Mangione depicted as a Roman Catholic saint have circulated online.[105][106] Items and merchandise in support of Mangione were posted on Etsy, Amazon, and other e-commerce sites before being removed.[107][108][109] Some merchandise were reportedly the subject of copyright and DMCA takedown requests from an entity purporting to be UnitedHealth Group Inc.[110] Other social media users linked Mangione's jail commissary account soliciting donations for "snacks, sodas, an iPad, etc."[111] The Independent reported that during his time in custody in Pennsylvania, Mangione had received over 100 pieces of mail.[112]

Mangione has been noted for his physical attractiveness,[113][114] and Kara Alaimo, writing for Time, stated that he has become "somewhat of an online sex symbol".[50] After Mangione's Manhattan courtroom appearance on December 23, Maison Margiela trended on Twitter and Threads after social media users misidentified the brand of the burgundy sweater that Mangione was wearing. Users later determined that he was wearing a "washable Merino crewneck sweater" from Nordstrom, which social media users nicknamed 'Mangione Merino',[115] and was quickly sold out.[116][117] A criminal justice professor, speaking about Mangione's online popularity, told WWD that “What we see with Mangione is he has quickly become a folk hero and a fashion folk hero."[116]

Perp walk

After being transported from Pennsylvania to New York on December 19, Mangione received a highly publicized perp walk, escorted by a large number of heavily armed law enforcement officials and Mayor of New York City Eric Adams.[118] Stanford Law School professor Robert Weisberg said that "The FBI and NYDA could have transported Mangione discreetly, but they opted for a public show", and some legal experts stated that the perp walk was a "blatant and unnecessary attempt at self-promotion". Policy director for the Justice Collaboratory at Yale Law School Jorge Camacho noted that "in a case like Mangione’s, where the suspect has garnered some sympathy and applause from people frustrated with greedy health-care insurance companies, the tactic can backfire."[119][120]

Social media users shared memes and compared Mangione's perp walk to the arrest of Jesus, scenes from the Superman movies, and Renaissance paintings.[121][122][123][124][125][126] On December 23 during Mangione's New York court hearing where he pled not guilty to the state charges, his defense attorney Karen Friedman Agnifilo said that Mangione might not receive a fair trial due to publicity from law enforcement presentations of him, blaming Mayor of New York City Eric Adams for the "unnecessary" and "utterly political" perp walk. She added, "The mayor should know more than anyone about the presumption of innocence", suggesting Adams was attempting to distract from the charges he himself is facing.[127][128][129][130]

Opinion polls

An Economist/YouGov poll conducted from December 15 to 17 surveying 1,553 U.S. adult citizens found that 43% of American citizens had a "somewhat unfavorable or very unfavorable" view of Mangione, while 21% had a "somewhat favorable or very favorable view of him." 37% were unsure. Mangione received the most support from citizens aged 18–29, who viewed him favorably by a 39%–29% margin, and very liberal citizens, who viewed him favorably by a 47%–31% margin. Mangione was viewed least favorably by citizens aged 65 and older (65%–5% unfavorable) and very conservative citizens (62%-8% unfavorable).[131]

The Center for Strategic Politics ran an online poll with 455 American adults on December 11 and found that "61% of respondents said they have a strong or somewhat negative perception of Mangione", 19% had a positive or somewhat positive view, and 21% did not know. Opinions on Mangione vary "dramatically" by age, with respondents under 45 holding a more positive view of him than those over 45. Additionally, they indicated that men were more likely to support Mangione than women, and Black and Hispanic respondents were more likely to support him than White respondents.[132] The poll also found that young Americans view Mangione "far more favorably" than they viewed Thompson and UnitedHealthcare.[133][134]

A poll of 6,000 U.S. adults was conducted by CloudResearch on December 19, utilizing artificial intelligence (AI). The poll found that roughly one in four respondents were sympathetic to Mangione.[135]

Mangione was referenced in various season 50 skits of the American sketch comedy late-night television series Saturday Night Live (SNL). In his opening monologue, comedian Chris Rock joked about the capture of Mangione; in another skit, Nancy Grace (played by Sarah Sherman) expressed outrage at the online support of Mangione and interviews a regular Pennsylvania McDonald's customer (played by Kenan Thompson)[136] and an alleged Mangione look-alike (played by Emil Wakim).[137][138][139] During Weekend Update, anchors Colin Jost and Michael Che both commented on Mangione's extradition to New York City,[140] with co-anchor Jost appearing to be "genuinely taken aback" when cheers erupted from the audience at the mention of Mangione.[141][142] Jost's reaction to the cheers received a mixed reaction on social media.[143] Piers Morgan, Stephen Miller and Jennifer Sey also criticised the SNL audience.[144][145]

Vulture reported that documentaries about Mangione are in development.[146] One documentary is being developed by Alex Gibney and Anonymous Content,[147] and the other by Stephen Robert Morse.[148] On December 19, 2024, ABC aired the ABC News documentary Manhunt: Luigi Mangione and the CEO Murder - A Special Edition of 20/20.[149][150]

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d The state of New York defines first- and second-degree murder differently than most states. Usually premeditated murder is first-degree; in New York it is second-degree, with first-degree being reserved for a premeditated murder with one of a list of aggravating factors. The only possibly applicable one in Mangione's case is murder committed as an act of terrorism. See Murder in New York law.
  2. ^ a b If convicted, a federal death sentence requires a unanimous jury verdict. If the jury deadlocks on sentencing then it defaults to life imprisonment, even if only one juror is opposed. See Capital punishment in the United States § Sentencing.

References

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