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'{{redirects|Taiwanese music|for music in the Taiwanese language (Hokkien/Minnan)|Hokkien pop}} {{Music of China}} [[Image:taiwan.nch.ntnu.apo-hsu.2005-10a.altonthompson.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Apo Hsu]] and the [[National Taiwan Normal University|NTNU]] Symphony Orchestra on stage in the [[National Concert Hall (Taiwan)|National Concert Hall]] in [[Taipei City|Taipei]]]] The '''music of Taiwan''' reflects the diverse culture of [[Taiwanese people]]. [[Taiwan]] has undergone several economic, social and changes through its [[Cultural history of Taiwan|cultural history]] and Taiwanese music reflects those issues in their own way. The music of this country has adopted a mixed style. As a country rich in Chinese folk culture and with many indigenous tribes with their own distinct artistic identity, various styles of [[folk music]] are appreciated in Taiwan. In addition, Western [[classical music]] and [[pop music]] in various forms are highly appreciated by the Taiwanese population. [[Taiwan]] is an important [[Mandopop]] (Mandarin pop music) hub.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2012/jan/05/pop-musik-taiwan</ref> ==Background== With the arrival of the [[Kuomintang]]-led [[Republic of China]] government in 1949, native [[Culture of Taiwan|Taiwanese culture]] was suppressed, and [[Standard Chinese]] (Mandarin) was promoted as the [[official language]]. This led to a break in tradition in parts of the island, and ended in 1987, when [[martial law]] was lifted and a revival of traditional culture began. (See ''[[Taiwanese localization movement]]''.) Instrumental music includes multiple genres, such as ''[[Beiguan music|beiguan]]'' and ''[[Nanguan music|nanguan]]''. ''Nanguan'' originally hails from [[Quanzhou]], while it is now most common in [[Lukang]] and is found across much of the island. [[Taiwanese puppetry]] (hand-puppet theater) and [[Taiwanese opera]], two genres of spectacle that are strongly related to music, are very popular, while the latter is often considered the only truly indigenous Han form of music still extant today.{{sfnp|Wang|2000|p=236}} Holo folk music is most common today on the [[Hengchun Peninsula]] in the southernmost part of the island, where performers sing accompanied by [[yueqin]] (''moon lute''), which is a type of two-stringed [[lute]].{{sfnp|Wang|2000|p=235}} While the Hengchun yueqin plays only five tones, the pentatonic music can become diverse and complex when combined with the seven tones of [[Taiwanese Hokkien]]. Famous folk singers include [[Chen Da (singer)|Chen Da]] and [[Yang Hsiuching]]. ==Genres== {{See also|Han Taiwanese#Arts and Music}} ===Hakka=== Taiwanese opera is popular among the Hakka, and has influenced the [[tea-picking opera]] genre. The most distinctive form of Hakka music are mountain songs, or [[shan'ge]], which are similar to Hengchun folk music. Bayin instrumental music is also popular. ===Aboriginal music=== [[File:163ds.jpg|thumb|A-mei]] Of the two broad divisions of [[Taiwanese aborigines]], the [[Taiwanese Plains Aborigines|plains-dwellers]] have been largely assimilated into Han culture, while the mountain-dwelling tribes remain distinct. The [[Ami people|Amis]], [[Bunun people|Bunun]], [[Paiwan people|Paiwan]], [[Rukai people|Rukai]] and [[Tsou people|Tsou]] are known for their polyphonic vocals,{{sfnp|Wang|2000|p=237}} of which each has a unique variety. Once dying, aboriginal culture has undergone a renaissance since the late 20th century. A full-time aboriginal radio station, "Ho-hi-yan" was launched in 2005<ref>''[http://english.taipei.gov.tw/TCG/index.jsp?recordid=4266 "Ho Hi Yan Hits the Airwaves"]''. Taipei City Government, May 5, 2005. Accessed 8/19/06.</ref> with the help of the [[Executive Yuan]], to focus on issues of interest to the indigenous community. ['''Listen''' to ''[http://w2.radio.taipei.gov.tw/eng/radio.htm Ho-hi-yan]''; requires Windows Media Player 9]. This came on the heels of a "New wave of Indigenous Pop,"<ref>''[http://www.taiwanheadlines.gov.tw/20000824/20000822f3.html "New wave of Indigenous Pop"]''. Taiwan Headlines, Thursday, August 24, 2000. Accessed 8/19/06.</ref> as aboriginal artists such as [[A-mei]] ([[Puyuma people|Puyuma tribe]]), [[Difang and Igay Duana|Difang]] ([[Ami people|Amis]] tribe), Pur-dur and [[Samingad]] (Puyuma) became international pop stars. The 1991 formation of the [[Formosa Aboriginal Dance Troupe]] was another major contributor to this trend, while the surprise mainstream success of "[[Return to Innocence]]", the theme song to the [[1996 Olympic Games]], further popularized native musics. "Return to Innocence" was made by [[Enigma (musical project)|Enigma]], a popular musical project and sampled the voices of an elderly Amis couple, Kuo Ying-nan and Kuo Hsiu-chu. When the couple found out that their recording had become part of an international hit, they filed suit and, in 1999, settled out of court for an unidentified amount.{{sfnp|Wang|2000|p=238}} ====Bunun==== The Bunun's original home was on Taiwan's west coast, in the central and northern plains, but some have more recently settled in the area around [[Taitung City|Taitung]] and [[Hualien City|Hualien]]. Unlike the other indigenous peoples of Taiwan, the Bunun have very little [[dance music]]. The best-studied element of traditional Bunun music is [[musical improvisation|improvised]] [[polyphony|polyphonic]] song. Folk instruments include [[pestle]]s, five-stringed [[zither]]s and the [[jaw harp]]. In modern times, [[David Darling (musician)|David Darling]], an American [[cello|cellist]], created a project to combine cello and Bunun traditional music, resulting in an album titled ''Mihumisang''. The [[Bunun Cultural and Educational Foundation]], founded in 1995, was the first organization established to help promote and sustain Taiwanese aboriginal culture. ===Pop and rock=== In the mid 1970s a genre of popular music known as [[Taiwanese campus folk song]] appeared in the music scene of Taiwan. This music consisted of a fusion of elements from American [[folk rock]] and Chinese folk music, and was very popular throughout East Asia. Until the 1987 lifting of martial law, Taiwanese pop fell into two distinct categories.{{sfnp|Wang|2000|p=238}} [[Hokkien pop]] was sung in a native dialect and was popular among older and working-class listeners; it was strongly influenced by [[Japan]]ese [[enka]]. In contrast, [[Mandarin pop]], due to the assimilation policy of the authoritarian Kuomintang regime (1945-1996) that suppressed Taiwanese languages and culture, appealed to younger listeners. Asian superstar [[Teresa Teng]] originated from Taiwan and enjoys immense popularity amongst the [[Sinophone world]] and beyond. With the resurgence of interest in native cultural identities starting in the late 1980s, a more distinct and modern form of Taiwanese pop formed. In 1989, a group of musicians called the [[Blacklist Studio]] released ''Song of Madness'' on [[Rock Records]]. Blending [[hip hop music|hip hop]], [[rock music|rock]] and other styles, the album focused on the issues concerning everyday, modern people. Building on ''Song of Madness' '' success, the following year saw [[Lin Chiang]] release ''[[Marching Forward]]'', which kickstarted what became known as [[New Taiwanese Song]]. Pop stars of the 1990s included [[Wu Bai]], [[Chang Chen-yue]], [[Jimmy Lin]], [[Wakin Chau|Wakin (Emil) Chau]] (Choū Huájiàn) and so on. [[A-mei]], who is renowned for her technically skilled and powerful vocals, is acclaimed to be the pop diva in [[Mandopop]], and pop idols like [[Show Luo]], [[Jay Chou]], [[a-mei]] and [[Jolin Tsai]] have now become the most famous and popular singers of Mandopop. For rock and band music, [[Mayday (Taiwanese band)|Mayday]] is said to have pioneered rock music in Taiwan for the generation of youth. For latest generation of pop music in Taiwan, singing [[reality show]]s such as [[One Million Star]] and [[Super idol]] have brought many ordinary people to fame, such as [[Jam Hsiao]], [[Yoga Lin]], [[Aska Yang]], [[Lala Hsu]], [[William Wei]] and so on. The 1990s and early 2000s also saw the emergence of bands and artists of more diverse genres, such as [[Sodagreen]], [[Deserts Chang]], [[Cheer Chen]], who have achieved commercial success and brought the new "indie" era of Taiwanese pop music. Other indie bands include [[Labor Exchange Band]], [[Chairman (band)|Chairman]], [[Sugar Plum Ferry]], Backquarter, Fire EX, 8mm Sky, [[Seraphim (band)|Seraphim]], and [[Chthonic (band)|ChthoniC]]. The annual [[Formoz Festival]], [[Spring Scream]], and [[Hohaiyan Rock Festival]] are representative gatherings within Taiwan's indie scene. Of these, Formoz Festival is notable for its international draw, with foreign artists such as [[Yo La Tengo]], Moby, [[Explosions in the Sky]], and Caribou headlining the event, while Spring Scream is the largest local band event, and Hohaiyan draws a mixed crowd of beach side party-goers and music appreciators alike. Other Taiwanese popular singers/bands include [[Rainie Yang]], [[Da Mouth]], [[Amber Kuo]], [[A-lin]], [[Magic Power]] and much more. The popular culture of the Taiwanese people has also influenced Chinese-speaking populations in other places such as [[Mainland China]], [[Malaysia]] and [[Singapore]]. ===Metal=== [[File:Chthonic.jpg|thumb|Chthonic]] There are hundreds of metal bands active in Taiwan. Bands such as [[Chthonic (band)|Chthonic]] and [[Seraphim (band)|Seraphim]] have drawn more attention to the metal scene in Taiwan, with Chthonic in particular attracting attention overseas, performing at European festivals such as [[Bloodstock Open Air]]. ==See also== * [[List of best-selling albums in Taiwan]] * [[Taiwanese pop]] * [[Metal bands of Taiwan]] * [[Hohaiyan Rock Festival]] * [[Mandopop]] * [[Music of China]] * [[Music of Hong Kong]] * [[Red Envelope Club]] * [[J-pop]] * [[Enka]] * [[Bureau of Audiovisual and Music Industry Development]] ==References== <references /> ==Bibliography== {{refbegin}} *{{cite book |last=Wang |first=Ying-fen |chapter=Taiwan: From Innocence to Funny Rap |editor1-last=Broughton |editor1-first=Simon |editor2-last=Ellingham |editor2-first=Mark |title=World Music. Volume 2, Latin and North America, Caribbean, India, Asia and Pacific |date=2000 |publisher=Rough Guides |location=London |isbn=9781858286365 |ref=harv |pages=235–40}} {{refend}} ==External links== * {{fr}} [http://www.ville-ge.ch/meg/musinfo_ph.php?what=pays=Ta%EFwan,%20Province%20de%20Chine&debut=0&bool=AND Audio clips: Traditional music of Taiwan.] [[Musée d'ethnographie de Genève]]. Accessed November 25, 2010. * {{cite news |author=Ho Yi |date=23 Sep 2011 |page=13 |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2011/09/23/2003513949 |title=Arts & Culture: Fall moon fever |work=Taipei Times}} * [http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/hkedition/2009-04/04/content_7648493.htm CHINA DAILY: ''Hearing the Music''] * [http://www.islandofsound.org ISLAND OF SOUND: ''An Indie Music Resource for Taiwan''] *[http://www.gigguide.tw/ GigGuide Taiwan: A Directory of Live Shows and Reviews of Local Independent Music in Taiwan] *[http://www.ith.sinica.edu.tw/quarterly_03-en.php?DB_Qua_MagID=81 Pei-feng Chen, "Images of Multi-colonial Taiwan in Three Types of Enka: Self-reconstruction through Highlighting Differences in Similarities,"] Taiwan Historical Research, June 2008 {{Taiwan topics}} {{Music of Asia}} [[Category:Taiwanese music| ]]'