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'{{Refimprove|date=July 2009}} {{Infobox political party | colorcode = {{Canadian party colour|BC|Liberal}} | name = British Columbia Liberal Party | logo = [[File:BC Liberals 2013.png|220px]] | leader = [[Rich Coleman]] {{small|(interim)}} | president = Sharon White | foundation = {{Start date and age|1903}} | headquarters = [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]] | ideology = [[Conservatism]]<ref name="YonatanSandra2003">{{cite book|author1=Reshef, Yonatan|author2=Rastin, Sandra|title=Unions in the Time of Revolution: Government Restructuring in Alberta and Ontario|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kPuTjMvKYxcC&pg=RA1-PA211|accessdate=4 May 2013|year=2003|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=978-0-8020-8753-9|page=1}}</ref><ref name="Rosenberg2008">{{cite book|author=Karen E. Rosenberg|title=From Moderate Chastisement to Mandatory Arrest: Responses to Violence Against Women in Canada and the United States|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3RAmbWuBfSQC&pg=PA91|accessdate=4 May 2013|year=2008|publisher=ProQuest|isbn=978-1-109-00418-2|page=91}}</ref><br>[[Neoliberalism]]<ref name="Vickers2013">{{cite book|author=Jill Vickers|title=Federalism Feminism and Multilevel Governance|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TQs4mJTmhc4C&pg=PA64|accessdate=5 May 2013|year=2013|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=978-1-4094-9985-5|page=64}}</ref><ref name="ManiatesMeyer2010">{{cite book|author1=Michael. Maniates|author2=John M. Meyer|title=The environmental politics of sacrifice|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8h8at2kaN0YC&pg=PA190|accessdate=7 May 2013|year=2010|publisher=MIT Press|isbn=978-0-262-28878-1|page=190}}</ref> | position = [[Centre-right politics|Centre-right]]<ref>{{cite book |title= Partisanship, globalization, and Canadian labour market policy |author1=Rodney S. Haddow |author2=Thomas Richard Klassen |year= 2006 |publisher= University of Toronto Press |location= Toronto, ON |isbn=978-0-8020-9090-4 |page=|pages=8, 58|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9DDIAV6oicQC |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="Byrne2008">{{cite book|author=Lesley H. Byrne|title=Representing Women: The Impact of Women Cabinet Ministers in British Columbia and Ontario and the Rise of Fiscal Feminism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ejYsrqCBvoC&pg=PA29|accessdate=4 May 2013|year=2008|publisher=ProQuest|isbn=978-0-549-58544-2|page=29}}</ref><ref name="YoungMatthews2011">{{cite book|author1=Nathan Young|author2=Ralph Matthews|title=The Aquaculture Controversy in Canada: Activism, Policy, and Contested Science|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4DhnjzQZGbsC&pg=PA240|accessdate=5 May 2013|year=2011|publisher=UBC Press|isbn=978-0-7748-5953-0|page=240}}</ref><ref name="EvansSmith2015">{{cite book|author1=Bryan M. Evans|author2=Charles W. Smith|title=Transforming Provincial Politics: The Political Economy of Canada's Provinces and Territories in the Neoliberal Era|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EbdtBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA298|year=2015|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=978-1-4426-1179-5|page=298}}</ref><ref name="BantingMyles2013">{{cite book|author1=Keith G. Banting|author2=John Myles|title=Inequality and the Fading of Redistributive Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kT5FAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA385|year=2013|publisher=UBC Press|isbn=978-0-7748-2601-3|page=385}}</ref><ref name="PedersenElgie2015">{{cite book|author1=Thomas F. Pedersen|author2=Stewart Elgie|chapter=A template for the world: British Columba's carbon tax shift|editor1=Larry Kreiser|editor2=Mikael Skou Andersen|editor3=Birgitte Egelund Olsen|title=Carbon Pricing: Design, Experiences and Issues|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_JFHCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA13|date=28 August 2015|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing|isbn=978-1-78536-023-7|page=13}}</ref> | seats1_title = Seats in [[Legislative Assembly of British Columbia|Legislature]] | seats1 = {{Composition bar|41|87|hex={{Canadian party colour|BC|Liberal}}}} | colours = Red, Blue | website = {{URL|http://www.bcliberals.com}} | state = British Columbia }} {{Conservatism Canada}} The '''British Columbia Liberal Party''' (also referred to as the '''BC Liberals''') is a [[Centre-right politics|centre-right]] provincial political party in [[British Columbia]], [[Canada]]. The party forms the [[Official Opposition]]. [[Rich Coleman]] became [[interim leader]] on August 4, 2017 following the resignation of leader and former premier [[Christy Clark]]. First elected into provincial government in 1916, the party went into decline after 1952, with its rump caucus merging with the [[Social Credit Party of British Columbia]] for the [[British Columbia general election, 1975|1975 election]]. It was returned to the legislature through the efforts of [[Gordon Wilson (Canadian politician)|Gordon Wilson]] in a break-through in the [[British Columbia general election, 1991|1991 election]]. At this time, the Social Credit Party had collapsed, with the BC Liberals able to garner the [[centrism|centre]] vote traditionally split between left and right in British Columbia provincial politics. After Wilson lost a leadership challenge in the wake of a personal scandal in a bitter three-way race, the party was led by [[Gordon Campbell (Canadian politician)|Gordon Campbell]], who became [[Leader of the Opposition (British Columbia)|Leader of the Opposition]] after Wilson's convention defeat. In the wake of the electoral collapse of the [[British Columbia New Democratic Party]] (BC NDP) in the [[British Columbia general election, 2001|2001 election]], the Campbell-led BC Liberals won an overwhelming majority. In November 2010, after mounting public opposition to a new tax and the controversial ending of a [[political corruption]] trial, and with low popularity ratings, Campbell announced his resignation, and on February 26, 2011, [[Christy Clark]] was elected as the party's new leader and thereby became 35th Premier of British Columbia. On June 29, 2017, her minority government was defeated 44-42 on motion of non-confidence by the NDP-Green alliance. Subsequently, Lieutenant Governor [[Judith Guichon]] turned down Clark's request for a [[snap election]] and instead asked NDP leader [[John Horgan (Canadian politician)|John Horgan]] to form a minority government. Horgan succeeded Clark as the 36th premier of British Columbia on July 18, 2017. On July 28, Clark announced that she was resigning as Liberal leader and leaving politics. Rich Coleman was selected as the interim leader.<ref>{{cite news |last= Ghoussoub |first=Michelle | url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/christy-clark-resigns-as-leader-of-b-c-liberal-party-1.4226286 | work=CBC News | title=Christy Clark resigns as leader of B.C. Liberal Party | date=July 28, 2017}}</ref> Once affiliated with the [[Liberal Party of Canada]], the British Columbia Liberal Party became independent of its federal and provincial counterparts in 1987.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.cbc.ca/canada/bcvotes2009/story/2009/03/23/bcv-bc-liberal-party-profile.html | work=CBC News | title=The BC Liberal Party | date=April 1, 2009}}</ref> After the [[British Columbia general election, 1991|1991 provincial election]], the BC Liberals displaced the [[British Columbia Social Credit Party]] as the province's ''de facto'' [[centre-right politics|centre-right]] conservative party opposed to the [[centre-left politics|centre-left]] British Columbia New Democratic Party. According to polls, BC Liberal supporters predominantly vote [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal]] and [[Conservative Party of Canada|Conservative]] in federal elections.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.ekospolitics.com/wp-content/uploads/full_report_bc_february_14_2013.pdf | work=Ekos Politics | title= BC NDP Currently poised to form next provincial government | date=February 14, 2013}}</ref> The party commonly describes itself as a "free enterprise coalition".<ref>{{cite news|author=The Canadian Press|title=B.C. Conservative leader John Cummins officially resigns|url=http://www.vancouversun.com/news/Conservative+leader+John+Cummins+officially+resigns/8678758/story.html|year=2003|publisher=The Vancouver Sun|date=July 18, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=The Canadian Press|title=The B.C. election has been the NDP’s to lose, the Liberals’ to survive|url=http://news.nationalpost.com/2013/05/14/todays-b-c-election-has-been-ndps-to-lose-the-liberals-to-survive|year=2003|publisher=The Vancouver Sun|date=May 14, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Mason, Gary|title=By-election losses put B.C. Liberals on notice: Reunite or cede power to NDP|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/british-columbia/by-election-losses-put-bc-liberals-on-notice-reunite-or-cede-power-to-ndp/article4101483|publisher=The Globe and Mail|date=April 20, 2012}}</ref> ==History== ===1916–1928 First government=== The divided Conservatives faced the Liberals in the [[British Columbia general election, 1916|election of 1916]] and lost. The Liberals formed a government under [[Harlan Carey Brewster]]. Brewster had become leader of the opposition, and was elected party leader in March 1912. He lost his seat a few weeks later in the 1912 election, which returned no Liberals at all. In 1916, he won election to the legislature again through a by-election, and led his party to victory in a general election later that year by campaigning on a reform platform. Brewster promised to end patronage in the [[civil service]], end [[machine politics|political machines]], improve workman's compensation and labor laws, bring in votes for women, and other progressive reforms. The government brought in [[women's suffrage]], instituted [[prohibition]], and combated [[political corruption]] before his unexpected death in 1918. He is interred in the [[Ross Bay Cemetery]] in [[Victoria, British Columbia]]. [[John Oliver (British Columbia politician)|John Oliver]] succeeded Brewster as [[Premier (Canada)|Premier]] when Brewster died in 1918. Oliver's government developed the produce industry in the [[Nanook Valley]], and tried to persuade the [[Government of Canada|federal government]] to lower the freight rate for rail transport. The party managed a bare majority win in the [[British Columbia general election, 1920|1920 election]] and only managed to govern after the [[British Columbia general election, 1924|1924 election]] with the support of the 2 Independent Liberals. ===1928–1933 Opposition and the Great Depression=== The Liberals managed to increase their vote in the 1928 election but lost close to half their seats. With the onset of the [[Great Depression]] and the implosion of the government of [[Simon Fraser Tolmie]], the Liberals won the [[British Columbia general election, 1933|1933 election]]. ===1933–1941 Duff Pattullo=== The 1933 election brought into power [[Thomas Dufferin Pattullo|Duff Pattullo]] and introduced into the Legislature the [[Co-operative Commonwealth Federation]] (CCF), a new [[social democracy|social-democratic]] and [[democratic socialism|democratic socialist]] opposition party. Pattullo wanted an activist government to try to deal with the depression through social programs and support of the unemployed. Canada has been recognized as the hardest hit by the [[Great Depression]], and [[western Canada]] the hardest hit within Canada. Pattullo's attempts were often at odds with the federal government in [[Ottawa]]. Pattullo was also an advocate for British Columbia, and suggested the annexation of [[Yukon]] by BC, and the construction of the [[Alaska Highway]] to reduce the power of eastern Canada over BC. In the [[British Columbia general election, 1937|1937 general election]], his government was re-elected running on the slogan of "[[socialism|socialized]] capitalism".<ref name=price>Price, Christine, [http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/retrieve/3732/etd2380.pdf "A Very Conservative Radical": Reverend Robert Cornell's encounter with Marxism in the BC C CF], Simon Fraser University MA Thesis, 2006</ref> ===1941–1951 "The Coalition"=== The alternating government with the Conservatives came to an end with the rise of the CCF who managed to be official opposition from 1933 to 1937 and were one seat less than the Conservatives in the [[British Columbia general election, 1937|1937 election]]. In the [[British Columbia general election, 1941|1941 election]] the CCF came second. The election did not give the Liberals the majority they hoped for. [[John Hart (premier)|John Hart]] became the Premier and Liberal leader in 1941 when Pattullo refused to go into [[coalition government|coalition]] with the Conservatives. The Liberal members removed Patullo as leader and Hart formed a Liberal-[[British Columbia Conservative Party|Conservative]] [[coalition government]], known in BC history as "The Coalition ". From 1941 to 1945, Hart governed at a time of wartime scarcity, when all major government projects were postponed. The coalition government was re-elected in the [[British Columbia general election, 1945|1945 election]]. In that contest, Liberals and Conservatives ran under the same banner. After 1945, Hart undertook an ambitious program of rural electrification, [[hydroelectricity|hydroelectric]] and highway construction. Hart's most significant projects were the construction of [[British Columbia Highway 97|Highway 97]] to northern British Columbia (which is now named in his honour) and the [[Bridge River Power Project]], which was the first major hydroelectric development in British Columbia. He established the BC Power Commission, a forerunner of [[BC Hydro]], to provide power to smaller communities that were not serviced by private utilities. In December 1947, Hart retired as Premier. The Conservative Party agitated for its leader, [[Herbert Anscomb]], to succeed Hart as Premier but the Liberals outnumbered the Tories in the coalition caucus and Hart was followed by another Liberal, [[Byron Ingemar Johnson|Byron Johnson, known as "Boss" Johnson]], with Anscomb as Deputy Premier and [[Finance Minister|Minister of Finance]]. Johnson's government introduced universal hospital insurance and a 3% provincial sales tax to pay for it. It expanded the highway system, extended the [[Pacific Great Eastern Railway]], and negotiated the [[Alcan]] Agreement, which facilitated construction of the Kenny Dam. The government also coped with the 1948 flooding of the Fraser River, declaring a state of emergency and beginning a program of diking the river's banks through the Fraser Valley. Johnson is also noted for appointing [[Nancy Hodges]] as the first female Speaker in the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]]. The Liberal-Conservative coalition government won the [[British Columbia general election, 1949|1949 election]] – at 61% the greatest percentage of the popular vote in BC history. Tensions had grown between the coalition partners and within both parties. The Liberal Party executive voted to terminate the coalition and Johnson dropped his Conservative ministers in October 1951 resulting in a short lived [[minority government]] which soon collapsed. ===The 1952 election=== In order to prevent the CCF from winning in a three party competition, the government introduced [[instant-runoff voting]], with the expectation that Conservative voters would list the Liberals as their second choice and vice versa. Voters however, were looking for alternatives. More voters chose [[British Columbia Social Credit Party|British Columbia Social Credit League]] ahead of any other party as their second choice. Social Credit went on to emerge as the largest party when the ballots were counted in the [[British Columbia general election, 1952|1952 general election]]. Social Credit's ''de facto'' leader during the election, [[W. A. C. Bennett]], formerly a Conservative, was formally named party leader after the election. At the [[British Columbia general election, 1953|1953 general election]], the Liberals were reduced to 4 seats, taking 23.36% of the vote. [[Arthur Laing]] defeated [[Tilly Rolston]] in Vancouver Point Grey. Although Social Credit won a majority of seats in the legislature, their finance minister [[Einar Gunderson]] was defeated in [[Oak Bay (electoral district)|Oak Bay]] by [[Archie Gibbs]] of the Liberals. [[Gordon Gibson Sr]], a millionaire timber baron, nicknamed the "Bull of the Woods,"<ref name = "encyc">{{cite book| author= Gibson, Gordon| author2= Renison, Carol| year = 1980| title = [[Bull of the Woods: The Gordon Gibson Story]]| publisher = Douglas & McIntyre Ltd.| isbn = 0-88894-292-3}}</ref> was elected for [[Lillooet (electoral district)|Lillooet]] as a Liberal. ===1953–1975 Third party status=== During the early period of this time, the Liberals' most prominent member was Gordon Gibson, Sr. He was a [[cigar]]-smoking and gregarious logging contractor who could have been Premier but for a major political error. He was elected in 1953 for the Lillooet riding. In 1955, the [[Sommers scandal]] surfaced and he was the only leader in the legislature to make an issue of it. W. A. C. Bennett and his attorney general tried many tactics to stop the information from coming out.{{Citation needed|date=June 2009}} In frustration, Gordon Gibson Sr. resigned his seat and forced a by-election, hoping to make the Sommers scandal the issue. The voting system had changed, and he came a close second after Social Credit. In the [[British Columbia general election, 1956|1956 election]], with the Sommers scandal still not resolved, the Liberals fared worse than in 1953. [[Arthur Laing]] lost his seat, and the party was reduced to two MLAs and 20.9% of the vote. In the [[British Columbia general election, 1960|1960 election]], the party won four seats with the same 20.9% of the popular vote as in 1956. In the [[British Columbia general election, 1963|1963 election]], the party's caucus increased by one more MLA to five, but their share of the popular vote fell to 19.98%. The [[British Columbia general election, 1966|1966 election]], the party won another seat, bringing its caucus to six, and had an increase in the vote to 20.24%. In the [[British Columbia general election, 1969|1969 vote]], the party lost one seat, and its share of the vote fell to 19.03%. In 1972, the party was led into the election by a new leader, [[David Anderson (British Columbia politician)|David Anderson]], who had been elected in the [[Canadian federal election, 1968|1968 federal election]] as an MP for the [[Liberal Party of Canada]]. He and four others managed to be elected to the legislature, but with the lowest vote in party history at 16.4%. After the [[British Columbia New Democratic Party]] (BC NDP) won the [[British Columbia general election, 1972|1972 election]], many supporters of the Liberal and Conservative parties defected to the Social Credit League. This coalition was able to keep the New Democrats out of power from 1975 until the 1990s. MLAs [[Garde Gardom]], [[Pat McGeer]] and Allan Williams left the Liberals for Social Credit along with [[Hugh Curtis]] of the suddenly rejuvenated Tories. All of them became members of Social Credit Cabinets after 1975. In the [[British Columbia general election, 1975|1975 election]], the only Liberal to be elected was [[Gordon Gibson]] Jr. as the party scored a dismal 7.24%. David Anderson was badly defeated in his Victoria riding, placing behind the New Democrats and Social Credit. ===1979–1991=== [[British Columbia general election, 1979|The 1979 election]] was the party's lowest point. For the first time in party history, it was shut out of the legislature. Only five candidates ran, none were elected, and the party got 0.5% of the vote. The [[British Columbia general election, 1983|1983 election]] saw a small recovery as the party came close to a full slate of candidates, but won 2.69% of the vote. The [[British Columbia general election, 1986|1986 vote]] was the third and last election in which the party was shut out. Its share of the popular vote improved to 6.74%. In 1987, [[Gordon Wilson (Canadian politician)|Gordon Wilson]] became the leader of the provincial Liberal Party when no one else was interested. Wilson severed formal links between the provincial Liberal party and its [[Liberal Party of Canada|federal counterpart]]. Since the mid-1970s, most federal Liberals in BC had chosen to support the [[British Columbia Social Credit Party]] at the provincial level. For the provincial party, the intent of this separation was to reduce the influence of Social Credit members of federal party. From the federal party's perspective, this move was equally beneficial to them, as the provincial party was heavily in debt.{{citation needed|date=December 2010}} Wilson set about to rebuild the provincial party as a credible [[Third party (Canada)|third party]] in British Columbia politics. During the same period, the ruling Social Credit party was beset by controversy under the leadership of [[William Vander Zalm|Bill Vander Zalm]]. As a result, multiple Social Credit scandals caused many voters to look for an alternative. By the time of the [[British Columbia general election, 1991|1991 election]], Wilson lobbied to be included in the televised [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] (CBC) debate between Vander Zalm's successor, Premier [[Rita Johnston]] and [[British Columbia New Democratic Party|BC NDP]] Leader [[Michael Harcourt]]. The CBC agreed, and Wilson impressed many voters with his performance. The Liberal campaign gained momentum, and siphoned off much support from the Social Credit campaign. While the BC NDP won the election, the Liberals came in second with 17 seats. Wilson became [[Leader of the Opposition (British Columbia)|Leader of the Opposition]]. ===Official Opposition under Wilson: 1991–1994=== Wilson's policies did not coincide with many other Liberals both in the legislature and in the party who wanted to fill the vacuum left by the collapse of Social Credit. The Liberals also proved themselves to be inexperienced, both in the legislature and in building a broad-based political movement. They had a difficult time to build a disciplined organization that could mount an effective opposition against the New Democratic Party provincial government.{{citation needed|date=December 2010}} In 1993, Wilson's leadership was further damaged by revelations of his affair with fellow Liberal MLA [[Judi Tyabji]]. By this time, most of the caucus was in open revolt against his leadership. Wilson agreed to call for a leadership convention, at which he would be a candidate. [[Delta South]] MLA [[Fred Gingell]] became the Leader of the Opposition while the Liberal leadership race took place. Soon, former party leader [[Gordon Gibson]] and [[List of mayors of Vancouver|Vancouver Mayor]] [[Gordon Campbell (Canadian politician)|Gordon Campbell]] entered the leadership race. Campbell won decisively on the first ballot, with former party leader Gordon Gibson placing second and Wilson third. The leadership election was decided on a one-member, one vote system through which Liberals voted for their choices by telephone. Wilson and Tyabji then left the Liberals and formed their own party, the [[Progressive Democratic Alliance]]. ===Official Opposition under Campbell: 1994–2001=== Once Campbell became leader, the Liberals adopted the [[moniker]] "BC Liberals" for the first time, and soon introduced a new logo and new party colours (red and blue, instead of the usual "Liberal red" and accompanying [[maple leaf]]). The revised name and logo was an attempt to distinguish itself more clearly in the minds of voters from the federal [[Liberal Party of Canada]]. In early 1994, Campbell was elected to the legislature in a by-election. Under his leadership, the party began moving to the right. Some supporters of the federal [[Reform Party of Canada]] and former Social Credit members became attracted to the BC Liberals. Some moderate Socreds had begun voting Liberal as far back as the Vander Zalm era. The Liberals won two former Socred seats in by-elections held in the Fraser Valley region, solidifying their claim to be the clear alternative to the existing BC NDP government. The Liberal party also filled the vacuum created on the centre-right of the BC political spectrum by Social Credit's collapse. In the [[British Columbia election, 1996|1996 election]], the BC Liberals won the popular vote. However, much of the Liberal margin was wasted on large margins in the outer regions of the province; they only won eight seats in Vancouver and the Lower Mainland. In rural British Columbia, particularly in the [[British Columbia Interior|Interior]] where the railway was the lifeblood of the local economy – the BC Liberals lost several contests because of discomfort that the electorate had with some of Campbell's policies, principally his promise to sell [[BC Rail]]. The net result was to consign the Liberals to opposition again, though they managed to slash the NDP's majority from 13 to three. After the election, the BC Liberals set about making sure that there would be no repeat of 1996. Campbell jettisoned some of the less popular policy planks in his 1996 platform, most notably a promise to sell BC Rail, as the prospect of the sale's consequences had alienated supporters in the Northern Interior ridings. ===The Campbell government: 2001–2011=== After a scandal-filled second term for the BC NDP government, the BC Liberals won the [[British Columbia general election, 2001|2001 election]] with the biggest landslide in BC history: 77 of 79 seats. Gordon Campbell became the seventh premier in ten years, and the first Liberal premier in almost 50 years. Campbell introduced a 25% cut in all provincial income taxes on the first day he was installed to office. To improve BC's investment climate, the BC Liberals also reduced the [[corporate income tax]] and abolished the corporate capital tax for most businesses (a tax on investment and employment that had been introduced by the New Democrats). Campbell's first term was also noted for fiscal [[austerity]], including reductions in [[welfare]] rolls and some [[social work|social service]]s, [[deregulation]], the sale of some government assets (in particular the [[Fast Ferry Scandal|"Fast ferries" built by the previous government]], which were sold off for a fraction of their price). Campbell also initiated the [[privatization]] of [[BC Rail]], which the Liberals had promised not to sell in order to win northern ridings which had rejected the party in 1996 but reversed this promise after election, with criminal investigations connected with the bidding process resulting in the [[BC Legislature Raids]] of 2003 and the ensuing and still-pending court case. There were several significant labour disputes, some of which were settled through government legislation but which included confrontations with the province's doctors. Campbell also downsized the civil service, with staff cutbacks of more than fifty percent in some government departments, and despite promises of smaller government the size of cabinet was nearly doubled and parliamentary salaries raised. Governance was also re-arranged such that Deputy Ministers were now to report to the Chief of Staff in the Premier's office, rather than to their respective ministers. In the course of the cuts, hospitals, courthouses and extended care facilities around the province were shut down, particularly in smaller communities, and enforcement staff such as the BC Conservation Service were reduced to marginal levels. Various provincial parks created during the previous NDP regime were also downgraded to protected area status, meaning they could be opened for resource exploitation, and fees for use of parks were raised. In 2003, a drug investigation known as Operation Everwhichway led to raids on government offices in the [[British Columbia Parliament Buildings]] in relation to suspect dealings concerning the sale of BC Rail to CN in a scandal which has since become known as [[British Columbia legislature raids|Railgate]] and the trial of four former ministerial aides for influence peddling, breach of trust and accepting bribes. The Liberals were re-elected in the [[British Columbia general election, 2005|2005 election]] with a reduced majority of 7 seats (46–33). The Liberals were again re-elected in the [[British Columbia general election, 2009|2009 election]].<!--more details needed - Dobell, Kinsella, Oppal/Huntington, Cardoso etc.--> Shortly after this election the introduction of the HST was announced, contrary to promises made during the election campaign. On November 3, 2010, facing an imminent caucus revolt over his management style and the political backlash against the [[Harmonized Sales Tax]] (HST) and the controversial end to the [[BC Legislature Raids|BC Rail corruption trial]] and with his approval rating as low as 9% in polls, Gordon Campbell announced his resignation.<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.cbc.ca/canada/british-columbia/story/2010/11/03/bc-premier-gordon-campbell.html |title=B.C. Premier Campbell stepping down |publisher=Cbc.ca |date=2010-11-03 |accessdate=2011-04-11}}</ref> ===The Clark government: 2011–2017=== The party's [[British Columbia Liberal Party leadership election, 2011|2011 leadership convention]] was prompted by [[Gordon Campbell (Canadian politician)|Gordon Campbell]]'s request to the party to hold a leadership convention "at the earliest possible date."<ref name="Thanks">{{cite news |url=http://www.bcliberals.com/news/premier_s_news/premier_campbell_thanks_supporters |title=Premier Campbell Thanks Supporters |work=www.bcliberals.com |publisher=[[BC Liberal Party]] |accessdate=1 December 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126233015/http://www.bcliberals.com/news/premier_s_news/premier_campbell_thanks_supporters |archivedate=26 November 2010 |df= }}</ref> The convention elected [[Christy Clark]] as its new leader of the party on February 26, 2011.<ref>{{cite web|author=|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/story/2011/02/26/bc-liberals-vote-premier.html |title=Christy Clark voted B.C. Liberal leader |publisher=Cbc.ca |date=2011-02-26 |accessdate=2011-04-11}}</ref> Clark and her new Cabinet were sworn in on March 14.<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/story/2011/03/14/bc-premier-clarke-swore-in.html |title=B.C.'s new premier to be sworn in |publisher=Cbc.ca |date=2011-03-14 |accessdate=2011-04-11}}</ref> Under Clark the party charted a more centrist outlook while continuing its recent tradition of being a coalition of federal Liberal and federal Conservative supporters. She immediately raised the minimum wage from $8/hour to $10.25/hour and introduced a province-wide [[Family Day]] similar to Ontario's. Clark became Premier during the aftermath of the 2008-09 recession, and continued to hold the line on government spending, introducing two deficit budgets before a balanced one for the 2013-14 fiscal year, which included a tax hike on high-income British Columbians. She also sought to take advantage of BC's liquified natural gas (LNG) reserves, positioning the budding LNG industry as a major economic development opportunity over the next decade. While the final years of Gordon Campbell's administration had seen far-reaching and progressive environmental legislation enacted, Clark was more measured in her approach to environmental policy. While continuing with BC's first-in-North-America carbon tax, she promised to freeze the rate during the [[British Columbia general election, 2013|2013 election]] and her LNG development aspirations seem to contradict greenhouse gas emissions targets set by the Campbell government in 2007. She also announced in 2012 that any future pipeline that crosses BC would have to meet five conditions that included environmental requirements and Aboriginal consultation. Controversially, she indicated that one of her five conditions would be that BC receives its "fair share" of any revenues that accrue from increased pipeline and tanker traffic. This has put her in direct conflict with the province of Alberta, who seek increased market access for its bitumen through BC ports, yet adamantly refuse any arrangement which would see BC receive any royalties. During the [[British Columbia general election, 2013|2013 election]], Clark entered the campaign low in public opinion polls and trailing her main rival, [[Adrian Dix]] of the NDP, by as much as 20 points. The BC Liberals campaign slogan was "Strong Economy, Secure Tomorrow" and highlighted a balanced budget and strong development opportunities in the LNG sector as a reason for voters to elect them for a fourth term in office. Clark brought in strategists affiliated with the [[Ontario Liberal Party]], such as Don Guy and Laura Miller, and federal [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal]] figures, such as Mike McDonald, to run her office and campaign. The BC Liberals came from behind to secure a fourth term in office, however Clark was defeated in her Vancouver riding, but won a subsequent by-election in the Okanagan riding of [[Westside-Kelowna]]. After the election, she sought a thawing of relations between BC and Alberta over future pipeline projects, signing onto former Alberta Premier [[Alison Redford]]'s National Energy Strategy. In early 2014, the Liberals brought down a second straight balanced budget and introduced legislation to change BC's liquor laws to allow liquor sales in some grocery stores and allow children to sit with adults in pubs and restaurants where liquor is served. In the [[British Columbia general election, 2017|2017 election]], the BC Liberals reduced their seat count to 43, one seat short of a majority.<ref>http://vancouversun.com/news/politics/b-c-election-results-2017-crucial-vote-counting-starts-monday</ref> On May 29, 2017, after final vote counting had completed, the [[British Columbia New Democratic Party|BC NDP]] and the [[Green Party of British Columbia|BC Green Party]] agreed to work together to ensure a stable minority government. <ref>http://globalnews.ca/news/3486794/b-c-green-party-leader-andrew-weaver-agrees-to-support-john-horgans-ndp</ref> Their combined 44 seats give them an advantage over the BC Liberals' 43 which was sufficient to defeat Clark's government on a confidence vote on June 29, 2017, after which Clark resigned as premier (effective July 18, 2017) and the lieutenant-governor asked NDP leader [[John Horgan (politician)|John Horgan]] to form a government.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Shaw|first1=Rob|title=NDP asked to form next B.C. government after Liberal defeat|url=http://vancouversun.com/news/politics/b-c-ndp-asked-to-form-government-after-liberal-defeat|accessdate=June 30, 2017|work=Vancouver Sun|date=June 29, 2017}}</ref> ==Party leaders== <ref name=leaders>Legislative Library of British Columbia, ''[http://www.llbc.leg.bc.ca/public/reference/partyleaders.pdf Party Leaders in British Columbia 1900–]{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}'', 2000, updated 2005</ref> *[[James Alexander MacDonald]] October 1903 – October 1909 *[[John Oliver (British Columbia politician)|John Oliver]] October 1909 – March 1912 *[[Harlan Carey Brewster]] March 1912 – March 1, 1918 *[[John Oliver (British Columbia politician)|John Oliver]] March 1, 1918 – August 17, 1927 *[[John Duncan MacLean]] August 17, 1927 – October 1928 *[[Thomas Dufferin Pattullo]] October 1928 – January 1929 (interim), January 1929 – December 9, 1941 *[[John Hart (premier)|John Hart]] December 9, 1941 – December 29, 1947 *[[Byron Ingemar Johnson]] December 29, 1947 – April 1953 *[[Arthur Laing]] April 1953 – May 1959 *[[Ray Perrault]] May 1959 – October 1968 *[[Patrick Lucey McGeer]] October 1968 – May 22, 1972 *[[David Anderson (British Columbia politician)|David Anderson]] May 22, 1972 – September 28, 1975 *[[Gordon Gibson]] September 28, 1975 – February 19, 1979 *[[Jev Tothill]] February 19, 1979 – May 25, 1981 *[[Shirley McLoughlin]] May 25, 1981 – March 31, 1984 *[[Art Lee]] March 31, 1984 – October 30, 1987 *[[Gordon Wilson (Canadian politician)|Gordon Wilson]] October 30, 1987 – September 11, 1993 *[[Gordon Campbell (Canadian politician)|Gordon Campbell]] September 11, 1993 – February 26, 2011 *[[Christy Clark]] February 26, 2011 – August 4, 2017 *[[Rich Coleman]] August 4, 2017 – present (interim) ==Election results== {| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse" |- style="background:#ccc;" !rowspan="2"|Election !rowspan="2"|Party leader !rowspan="2"|Outcome !rowspan="2"|# of candidates !colspan="3"|Seats !colspan="5"|Popular vote |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" ||Elected ||Change ||Position ||First count ||% ||Change ||Final count ||% |- |[[British Columbia general election, 1903|1903]] (1) | style="text-align:center;"| [[James Alexander MacDonald|J. A. MacDonald]] |Conservative majority |align="right"|39 |align="right"|{{Composition bar|17|42|hex={{Canadian party colour|BC|Liberal}}}} |align="right"|{{increase}} 17 |align="right"|{{increase}} 2nd |align="right"|22,715 |align="right"| 37.78% |- |[[British Columbia general election, 1907|1907]] | style="text-align:center;"|[[James Alexander MacDonald|J.A. MacDonald]] |Conservative majority |align="right"|40 |align="right"|{{Composition bar|13|42|hex={{Canadian party colour|BC|Liberal}}}} |align="right"|{{decrease}}4 |align="right"|{{steady}} 2nd |align="right"|234,816 |align="right"| 37.15% |align="right"| -0.63% |- |[[British Columbia general election, 1909|1909]](2) | style="text-align:center;"|[[James Alexander MacDonald|J.A. MacDonald]] |Conservative majority |align="right"|36 |align="right"|{{Composition bar|2|42|hex={{Canadian party colour|BC|Liberal}}}} |align="right"|{{decrease}}11 |align="right"|{{steady}} 2nd (tied) |align="right"|33,675 |align="right"| 33.21% |align="right"| -3.94% |- |[[British Columbia general election, 1912|1912]] | style="text-align:center;"|[[Harlan Carey Brewster|Harlan Brewster]] |Conservative majority |align="right"|19 |align="right"|{{Composition bar|0|42|hex={{Canadian party colour|BC|Liberal}}}} |align="right"|{{decrease}} 2 |align="right"|{{decrease}} no status |align="right"|21,443 |align="right"| 25.37% |align="right"| -7.84% |- |[[British Columbia general election, 1916|1916]] (3) | style="text-align:center;"|[[Harlan Carey Brewster|Harlan Brewster]] |Liberal majority |align="right"|45 |align="right"|{{Composition bar|36|47|hex={{Canadian party colour|BC|Liberal}}}} |align="right"|{{increase}} 36 |align="right"|{{increase}} 1st |align="right"|89,892 |align="right"| 50.00% |align="right"| +24.63% |- |[[British Columbia general election, 1920|1920]] (4) | style="text-align:center;"|[[John Oliver (British Columbia politician)|John Oliver]] |Liberal majority |align="right"|45 |align="right"|{{Composition bar|25|47|hex={{Canadian party colour|BC|Liberal}}}} |align="right"|{{decrease}} 11 |align="right"|{{steady}} 1st |align="right"|134,167 |align="right"| 37.89% |align="right"| -12.11% |- |[[British Columbia general election, 1924|1924]] | style="text-align:center;"|[[John Oliver (British Columbia politician)|John Oliver]] |Liberal minority |align="right"|46 |align="right"|{{Composition bar|23|48|hex={{Canadian party colour|BC|Liberal}}}} |align="right"|{{decrease}} 2 |align="right"|{{steady}} 1st |align="right"|108,323 |align="right"| 31.34% |align="right"| -6.55% |- |[[British Columbia general election, 1928|1928]] | style="text-align:center;"|[[John Duncan MacLean|J.D. MacLean]] |Conservative majority |align="right"|45 |align="right"|{{Composition bar|12|48|hex={{Canadian party colour|BC|Liberal}}}} |align="right"|{{decrease}} 11 |align="right"|{{decrease}} 2nd |align="right"|144,872 |align="right"| 40.04% |align="right"| +8.70% |- |[[British Columbia general election, 1933|1933]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[Thomas Dufferin Pattullo|T.D. "Duff" Pattullo]] |Liberal majority |align="right"|47 |align="right"|{{Composition bar|34|47|hex={{Canadian party colour|BC|Liberal}}}} |align="right"|{{increase}} 23 |align="right"|{{increase}} 1st |align="right"|159,131 |align="right"| 41.74% |align="right"| +1.70% |- |[[British Columbia general election, 1937|1937]] | style="text-align:center;"|[[Thomas Dufferin Pattullo|T.D. "Duff" Pattullo]] |Liberal majority |align="right"|48 |align="right"|{{Composition bar|31|48|hex={{Canadian party colour|BC|Liberal}}}} |align="right"|{{decrease}} 3 |align="right"|{{steady}} 1st |align="right"|156,074 |align="right"| 37.34% |align="right"| -4.40% |- |[[British Columbia general election, 1941|1941]] (5) | style="text-align:center;"|[[Thomas Dufferin Pattullo|T.D. "Duff" Pattullo]] |Liberal-Conservative coalition |align="right"|48 |align="right"|{{Composition bar|21|48|hex={{Canadian party colour|BC|Liberal}}}} |align="right"|{{decrease}} 10 |align="right"|{{steady}} 1st |align="right"|149,525 |align="right"| 32.94% |align="right"| -4.40% |- |[[British Columbia general election, 1945|1945]] Coalition (6) | style="text-align:center;"|[[John Hart (premier)|John Hart]] |Liberal-Conservative coalition |align="right"|47 |align="right"|{{Composition bar|37|48|hex={{Canadian party colour|BC|Liberal}}}} |align="right"|{{increase}} 16 |align="right"|{{steady}} 1st |align="right"|261,147 |align="right"| 55.83 |align="right"| -8.02% |- |[[British Columbia general election, 1949|1949]] Coalition (6) | style="text-align:center;"|[[Byron Ingemar Johnson|Byron "Boss" Johnson]] |Liberal-Conservative coalition |align="right"|48 |align="right"|{{Composition bar|39|48|hex={{Canadian party colour|BC|Liberal}}}} |align="right"|{{increase}} 1 |align="right"|{{steady}} 1st |align="right"|428,773 |align="right"| 61.35% |align="right"| +5.52% |- |[[British Columbia general election, 1952|1952]] (7) | style="text-align:center;"|[[Byron Ingemar Johnson|Byron "Boss" Johnson]] |Social Credit minority |align="right"|48 |align="right"|{{Composition bar|6|48|hex={{Canadian party colour|BC|Liberal}}}} |align="right"|{{decrease}} 33 |align="right"|{{decrease}} 3rd |align="right"|180,289 |align="right"| 23.46% |align="right"| n.a. |align="right"|170,674 |align="right"|25.26% |- |[[British Columbia general election, 1953|1953]] (7) | style="text-align:center;"|[[Arthur Laing]] |Social Credit majority |align="right"|48 |align="right"|{{Composition bar|4|48|hex={{Canadian party colour|BC|Liberal}}}} |align="right"|{{decrease}} 2 |align="right"|{{steady}} 3rd |align="right"|171,671 |align="right"| 23.59% |align="right"| +0.13% |align="right"|154,090 |align="right"|23.36% |- |[[British Columbia general election, 1956|1956]] | style="text-align:center;"|[[Arthur Laing]] |Social Credit majority |align="right"|52 |align="right"|{{Composition bar|2|52|hex={{Canadian party colour|BC|Liberal}}}} |align="right"|{{decrease}} 2 |align="right"|{{steady}} 3rd |align="right"|177,922 |align="right"| 21.77% |align="right"| -1.82% |- |[[British Columbia general election, 1960|1960]] | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ray Perrault]] |Social Credit majority |align="right"|50 |align="right"|{{Composition bar|4|52|hex={{Canadian party colour|BC|Liberal}}}} |align="right"|{{increase}} 2 |align="right"|{{steady}} 3rd |align="right"|208,249 |align="right"| 20.90% |align="right"| -0.87% |- |[[British Columbia general election, 1963|1963]] | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ray Perrault]] |Social Credit majority |align="right"|51 |align="right"|{{Composition bar|5|52|hex={{Canadian party colour|BC|Liberal}}}} |align="right"|{{increase}} 1 |align="right"|{{steady}} 3rd |align="right"|193,363 |align="right"| 19.98% |align="right"| -0.92% |- |[[British Columbia general election, 1966|1966]] | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ray Perrault]] |Social Credit majority |align="right"|53 |align="right"|{{Composition bar|6|55|hex={{Canadian party colour|BC|Liberal}}}} |align="right"|{{increase}} 1 |align="right"|{{steady}} 3rd |align="right"|152,155 |align="right"|20.24% |align="right"|+0.26% |- |[[British Columbia general election, 1969|1969]] | style="text-align:center;"|[[Patrick Lucey McGeer]] |Social Credit majority |align="right"|55 |align="right"|{{Composition bar|5|55|hex={{Canadian party colour|BC|Liberal}}}} |align="right"|{{decrease}} 1 |align="right"|{{steady}} 3rd |align="right"|186,235 |align="right"|19.03% |align="right"| -1.21% |- |[[British Columbia general election, 1972|1972]] | style="text-align:center;"|[[David Anderson (British Columbia politician)|David Anderson]] |NDP majority |align="right"|53 |align="right"|{{Composition bar|5|55|hex={{Canadian party colour|BC|Liberal}}}} |align="right"| {{steady}} |align="right"|{{steady}} 3rd |align="right"|185,640 |align="right"| 16.40% |align="right"|-2.63% |- |[[British Columbia general election, 1975|1975]] | style="text-align:center;"|[[Gordon Gibson]] |Social Credit majority |align="right"|49 |align="right"|{{Composition bar|1|55|hex={{Canadian party colour|BC|Liberal}}}} |align="right"|{{decrease}} 4 |align="right"|{{steady}} 3rd (tied) |align="right"|93,379 |align="right"| 7.24% |align="right"| -9.16% |- |[[British Columbia general election, 1979|1979]] | style="text-align:center;"| [[Jev Tothill]] |Social Credit majority |align="right"|5 |align="right"|{{Composition bar|0|57|hex={{Canadian party colour|BC|Liberal}}}} |align="right"|{{decrease}} 1 |align="right"|{{decrease}} no status |align="right"|6,662 |align="right"| 0.47% |align="right"|-6.77% |- |[[British Columbia general election, 1983|1983]] | style="text-align:center;"|[[Shirley McLoughlin]] |Social Credit majority |align="right"|52 |align="right"|{{Composition bar|0|57|hex={{Canadian party colour|BC|Liberal}}}} |align="right"|{{steady}} |align="right"|{{steady}} no status |align="right"|44,442 |align="right"| 2.69% |align="right"| 2.22% |- |[[British Columbia general election, 1986|1986]] | style="text-align:center;"|[[Art Lee]] |Social Credit majority |align="right"|55 |align="right"|{{Composition bar|0|69|hex={{Canadian party colour|BC|Liberal}}}} |align="right"| {{steady}} |align="right"|{{steady}} no status |align="right"|130,505 |align="right"| 6.74% |align="right"| +4.05% |- |[[British Columbia general election, 1991|1991]] | style="text-align:center;"|[[Gordon Wilson (Canadian politician)|Gordon Wilson]] |NDP majority |align="right"|71 |align="right"|{{Composition bar|17|75|hex={{Canadian party colour|BC|Liberal}}}} |align="right"|{{increase}} 17 |align="right"|{{increase}} 2nd |align="right"|486,208 |align="right"| 33.25% |align="right"| +26.51% |- |[[British Columbia general election, 1996|1996]] | style="text-align:center;"|[[Gordon Campbell (Canadian politician)|Gordon Campbell]] |NDP majority |align="right"|75 |align="right"|{{Composition bar|33|75|hex={{Canadian party colour|BC|Liberal}}}} |align="right"|{{increase}} 16 |align="right"|{{steady}} 2nd |align="right"|661,929 |align="right"| 41.82% |align="right"| +8.58% |- |[[British Columbia general election, 2001|2001]] | style="text-align:center;"|[[Gordon Campbell (Canadian politician)|Gordon Campbell]] |Liberal majority |align="right"|79 |align="right"|{{Composition bar|77|79|hex={{Canadian party colour|BC|Liberal}}}} |align="right"|{{increase}} 44 |align="right"|{{increase}} 1st |align="right"|916,888 |align="right"| 57.62% |align="right"| +15.80% |- |[[British Columbia general election, 2005|2005]] | style="text-align:center;"|[[Gordon Campbell (Canadian politician)|Gordon Campbell]] |Liberal majority |align="right"|79 |align="right"|{{Composition bar|46|79|hex={{Canadian party colour|BC|Liberal}}}} |align="right"|{{decrease}} 31 |align="right"|{{steady}} 1st |align="right"|772,945 |align="right"| 46.08% |align="right"| -11.54% |- |[[British Columbia general election, 2009|2009]] | style="text-align:center;"|[[Gordon Campbell (Canadian politician)|Gordon Campbell]] |Liberal majority |align="right"|85 |align="right"|{{Composition bar|49|85|hex={{Canadian party colour|BC|Liberal}}}} |align="right"|{{increase}} 3 |align="right"|{{steady}} 1st |align="right"|751,792 |align="right"| 45.83% |align="right"| -0.25% |- |[[British Columbia general election, 2013|2013]] | style="text-align:center;"|[[Christy Clark]] |Liberal majority |align="right"|85 |align="right"|{{Composition bar|49|85|hex={{Canadian party colour|BC|Liberal}}}} |align="right"| {{steady}} |align="right"|{{steady}} 1st |align="right"|723,618 |align="right"| 44.41% |align="right"| -1.42% |- |[[British Columbia general election, 2017|2017]] | style="text-align:center;"|[[Christy Clark]] | [[Hung parliament|Liberal minority<br>followed by NDP minority]] |align="right"|87 |align="right"|{{Composition bar|43|87|hex={{Canadian party colour|BC|Liberal}}}} |align="right"|{{decrease}} 6 |align="right"|{{steady}} 1st |align="right"|735,104 |align="right"| 40.85% |align="right"| -3.56% |} '''Sources:''' [https://web.archive.org/web/20081004023944/http://www.elections.bc.ca/index.php/resource-centre/electoral-history-of-bc/ Elections BC] '''Notes:''' (1) One Liberal Party candidate was elected by acclamation. (2) One candidate is counted twice: J. Oliver (Liberal) contested but was defeated in both Delta and Victoria City. (3) One candidate, H.C. Brewster (Liberal) who contested and was elected in both Alberni and Victoria City, is counted twice. (4) One member elected by acclamation. One candidate, J. Oliver, who contested and was elected in both Delta and Victoria City is counted twice. (5) After the election, a Coalition government was formed by the Conservative and Liberal members. T.D. Patullo, Liberal leader, objected, stepped down, and sat as a Liberal, giving the Coalition 32 seats. (6) In the 1945 and 1949 elections, the Liberal Party ran in coalition with the Conservative Party. Results compared to Liberal + Conservative total from previous election. (7) The 1952 and 1953 elections used the alternative voting system. Rather than marking the ballot with an X, numbers were to be placed opposite the names in order of choice. If, after the first count, no candidate received an absolute simple majority, the candidate with the least number of votes was dropped, and the second choices distributed among the remaining candidates. This process continued until a candidate emerged with the requisite majority vote. Some voters only indicated a first choice (plumping), and others did not utilize the full range available. Consequently, as the counts progressed, some ballots would be exhausted and total valid votes would decline, thereby reducing the absolute majority required to be elected. In multi-member [[electoral district (Canada)|riding]]s, there were as many ballots as members to be elected, distinguished by colour and letters. ==British Columbia Young Liberals== The British Columbia Young Liberals Commission serves as the leadership element of the youth wing of the party. ==See also== {{portal|conservatism}} * [[List of political parties in British Columbia]] * [[List of premiers of British Columbia]] * [[List of British Columbia general elections]] * [[British Columbia Liberal Party leadership elections]] * [[BC Legislature Raids]] * [[BC Rail]] * [[Harmonized Sales Tax]] * [[Sales taxes in British Columbia]] ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== * [http://www.bcliberals.com/ BC Liberal Party official site] {{British Columbia provincial political parties}} {{Major Canadian Liberal Parties}} {{Canadian Conservative Parties}} [[Category:Conservative parties in Canada]] [[Category:Liberal parties in Canada]] [[Category:Organizations based in Vancouver]] [[Category:Political parties established in 1903]] [[Category:Provincial political parties in British Columbia]] [[Category:1903 establishments in British Columbia]]'