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'{{About||people with this surname|Gopnik (surname)}} [[File:Ваван Панк.jpg|thumb|A stereotypical gopnik in a [[khrushchyovka]]]] '''Gopnik''' ({{lang-rus|го́пник|p=ˈɡopnʲɪk}})<ref>Russian plural гопники (''gopniki''), also гопота (''gopota''), and гопари (''gopari'').</ref> is a pejorative stereotype describing a particular [[subculture]] in [[Russia]], [[Ukraine]], [[Belarus]] and other [[Post-Soviet states|former Soviet republics]] to refer to young men or women of sometimes lower-class suburban areas (usually under 25 years of age)<ref>Beiträge der Europäischen Slavistischen Linguistik (POLYSLAV)., Volume 8, 2005, {{ISBN|3-87690-924-4}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=qpnjAAAAMAAJ&q=%D1%87%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&dq=%D1%87%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjiqf7d1_DJAhUS5GMKHXYFC70Q6AEIJDAB p. 237]</ref> coming from families of poor education and (sometimes) income. The female form is ''gopnitsa'' ({{lang-ru|го́пница|links=no}}), and the collective noun is ''gopota'' ({{lang-ru|гопота́|links=no}}). The subculture of Gopniks has its roots in the late [[Russian Empire]], and evolved during the 20th century in many cities in the [[Soviet Union]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://weirdrussia.com/2014/04/24/slav-squat-russian-disturbing-street-trend/|title=Slav Squat – Russian Disturbing Street Trend}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://exiledonline.com/russias-original-gangstas-meet-the-gopniki/|title=Russia's original gangstas: meet the gopniki|date=22 July 2010|publisher=}}</ref> ==Etymology== Gopnik is most likely derived from the Russian slang term for a [[robbery|street robbery]]: [[gop-stop]] ({{lang-ru|Гоп-стоп|links=no}}).<ref name="Brit">{{cite web| date = July 17, 2008| url = http://adelanta.info/news/england12/index2008/07/17/3090.html| title= Британский исследовательский центр предлагает отказаться от слова "гопник"| publisher = Англия, Великобритания: энциклопедия, новости, фото. Всё об Англии и про Англию. Аделанта| accessdate= August 30, 2013 }}</ref> However, it could also be related to ''GOP'', the [[acronym]] for the ''Gorodskoye Obshchestvo Prizreniya''. These were [[almshouse]]s for the destitute created by the Bolshevik government after the [[October Revolution]] in 1917. According to ''[[Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language|Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary]]'', a Russian [[explanatory dictionary]] (first published in the 19th century), an old slang word for "sleeping on street" was "гопать" (literally, "to gop") something that was related to the "mazuricks", or the criminals of [[Saint Petersburg]].<ref name="Brit" /> ==Stereotypical appearance and behaviour== Gopniks are often seen [[Slav squat|squatting]] in groups "in court" (на корта́х), "at the pictures" (на карташах), or "doing the crab" (на крабе) outside blocks of flats or schools.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.ie/books?id=ta4EAQAAIAAJ&q=gopnik+-adam+-alison+russia&dq=gopnik+-adam+-alison+russia&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjQzZHGw4LYAhWMBcAKHSbaCUo4ChDoAQguMAE|title=Trans-national issues, local concerns and meanings of post-socialism: insights from Russia, Central Eastern Europe, and beyond|first1=Moya|last1=Flynn|first2=Rebecca|last2=Kay|first3=Jonathan D.|last3=Oldfield|date=1 June 2008|publisher=University Press of America|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref name="gop"/> It is described as a learned behavior attributed to Russian prison culture to avoid sitting on the cold ground.<ref name="gop">Ханипов Р. «Гопники» – значение понятия, и элементы репрезентации субкультуры «гопников» в России // "Social Identities in Transforming Societies"</ref> Gopniks are often seen wearing [[Adidas]] tracksuits, which were popularised by the [[1980 Moscow Olympics]] Soviet team.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://weirdrussia.com/2015/01/04/why-is-adidas-so-popular-among-russians/|title=Why is Adidas so Popular Among Russians?|date=4 January 2015|publisher=}}</ref> [[Sunflower seed]]s (colloquially ''semyon'' (семён), ''semki'' (семки) or ''semechki'' (семечки)) are habitually eaten by gopniks, especially in [[Ukraine]] and [[Russia]]. Gopniks can also be seen wearing flat caps and Adidas backpacks. Gopniks are often associated with cheap alcohol, such as low-quality [[vodka]] and light beer, and cheap cigarettes. == See also == * [[Ars (slang)]] (Israel) * [[Bogan]] (Australia) * [[Chav]] (England) * [[Cholo]] (Mexico) * [[Dresiarz]] (Poland) * [[Flaite]] (Chile) * [[Hoser]] (Canada) * [[Jejemon]] (Philippines) * [[Kazan phenomenon]] * [[Ned (Scottish)]] * [[Nozem]] (Netherlands) * [[Raggare]] (Sweden) * [[Thief in law]] (Soviet Union) * [[Yob (slang)]] (United Kingdom and others) * [[Zef]] (South Africa) * [[Yankī]] (Japan) == References == {{reflist}} ==External links== * {{Commons category-inline|Gopnik}} [[Category:Class-related slurs]] [[Category:Pejorative terms for people]] [[Category:Russian culture]] [[Category:Social class in Russia]] [[Category:Stereotypes of suburban people]] [[Category:Stereotypes of working-class men]] [[Category:Social class subcultures]] [[Category:Criminal subcultures]] [[Category:Working class in Europe]] [[Category:Squatting position]] [[Category:Soviet culture]]'