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'{{Cleanup|date=November 2009}} {{Infobox Indian Political Party | party_name = Bharatiya Janata Party | party_logo = [[Image:BJP-flag.svg|center|200px]] | chairman = [[Nitin Gadkari]] | ppchairman = Nitin Gadkari | loksabha_leader = [[Sushma Swaraj]] | rajyasabha_leader = [[Arun Jaitley]] | foundation = 1980 | alliance = [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance (NDA)]] | loksabha_seats = 114 | rajyasabha_seats = 55 | states_govt_its_own = [[Himachal Pradesh]], [[Uttrakhand]], [[Gujarat]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Chhatisgarh]], [[Karnataka]] | states_govt_with_coaliation = [[Punjab]], [[Bihar]], [[Nagaland]] | ideology = [[Progressivism]]<br>[[Hindutva]]<br>[[Integral humanism (India)|Integral humanism]]<br>[[Nationalism]]<br>[[Economic liberalism]]<br>[[Free market]] | headquarters = 11 Ashoka Road<br> [[New Delhi]], [[India]] <br>110001 | publication = [http://www.bjp.org/today/kamal_sandesh/kamal_sandesh.htm ''Kamal Sandesh''] | website = [http://bjp.org/ Official Website] }} {{BJPSegmentsUnderInfoBox}} The '''Bharatiya Janata Party''' ('''BJP''') ({{lang-hi|भारतीय जनता पार्टी [भाजपा]}}), [[translation]]: ''Indian People's Party'') is a major [[political party]] in [[India]], founded in 1980. The party is associated with [[Hindu nationalism]] and advocates [[Conservatism|conservative]] social policies, self-reliance, free [[Market economy| market economics]], foreign policy driven by a nationalist agenda, and strong national defense<ref>[http://www.bjp.org/content/view/752/408] About us - bjp.org</ref>. The BJP, in alliance with several other parties, was in power from 1998 to 2004, with [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] as the [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] and [[Lal Krishna Advani]] as his deputy. It is the biggest constituent of the [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]] which is currently in the [[Official Opposition (India)|opposition]]. == History == {{Main|History of the Bharatiya Janata Party}} {{See also|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}} [[Image:Dr Syama Prasad Mukherjee.jpg|thumb|left|150px|[[Syama Prasad Mookerjee]] Founder of [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]]] [[File:Atal Bihari Vajpayee.jpg|thumb|right|150px|[[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]], the first BJP [[Prime Minister of India]] (1996).]] The BJP is the current form of the erstwhile [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]] (BJS, ''Indian People's Union''), which was founded in 1951 by [[Syama Prasad Mookerjee]] as the political wing of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]]. The fortunes of the young party took a dip in 1953, when Mookherjee was jailed in [[Kashmir]] by then Indian Prime Minister, [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]{{Citation needed|date=December 2009}}. After Mookerjee's death in prison, the BJS lasted for 24 more years, but never seriously challenged the power of [[Indian National Congress]]{{Citation needed|date=December 2009}}. It did however groom future political leaders like [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] and [[Lal Krishna Advani]], who were in the party when it was a constituent of the Janata Party government in 1977<ref>[http://www.jstor.org/pss/30171643]</ref>. The Janata government did not last long. Morarji Desai resigned as Prime Minister, and the Janata party was dissolved soon after. The BJS had devoted political organization to sustain the coalition and was left exhausted by the internecine wars within the Janata Party. In 1980 [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]], [[Lal Krishna Advani]] and [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]], founded the Bharatiya Janata Party with Vajpayee as its first President. The BJP was a strong critic of the [[Indian National Congress| Congress]] government that followed the Janata rule, and while it opposed the Sikh militancy that was rising in the state of [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]], it also blamed Indira Gandhi for divisive and corrupt politics that fostered the militancy at national expense. Leader Darasingh opines that Vajpayee thus "brought in Hindu-Sikh harmony."<ref>http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/apr162004/d10.asp</ref> However, The [[BJP]] never supported [[Operation Bluestar]], the BJP strongly protested violence against [[Sikhs]] in [[Delhi]] that broke out in 1984 following the assassination of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi by one of her Sikh bodyguards. Vajpayee was known and commended for protecting Sikhs against Congress-followers seeking to avenge the death of their leader.{{Citation needed|date=August 2009}} The BJP was left with only two parliamentary seats in the 1984 elections; the party, however, had established itself in the mainstream of Indian politics, and soon began expanding its organization to attract young Indians throughout the country. During this period Vajpayee remained center-stage as party President and Leader of the Opposition in Parliament, but increasingly hard-line Hindu nationalists began to rise within the party and define its politics. The BJP became the political voice of the [[Ram Janmabhoomi|Ram Janmabhoomi Mandir Movement]], which was led by activists of the [[Vishwa Hindu Parishad]] (VHP) and the RSS, and was seeking to build a temple dedicated to [[Rama|Lord Rama]] at the site of the [[Babri mosque]] in [[Ayodhya]]. Hindu activists believed the site was the birthplace of the Lord, and thus qualified as one of the most sacred sites of [[Hinduism]]. On December 6, 1992, hundreds of VHP and BJP activists broke down an organized protest into a frenzied attack, and brought down the mosque. Over the following weeks, waves of violence between Hindus and Muslims erupted in various parts of the country, killing over 1000 people. The VHP was banned by the government, and many BJP leaders including Lal Krishna Advani were arrested briefly for provoking the destruction. Although widely condemned by many across the country for playing politics with sensitive issues, the BJP won the support of millions of conservative Hindus, as well as national prominence. With victory in assembly elections of [[Gujarat]] and [[Maharashtra]] in March 1995, and a good performance in the elections to the [[Karnataka]] assembly in December 1994 propelled the BJP to the centerstage. During the BJP session at Mumbai in November 1995, BJP President L.K.Advani declared that Vajpayee would be the Prime Minister of India if the BJP won next parliamentary elections held in May 1996. In the Lok Sabha elections held in 1998 the [[National Democratic Alliance (India)|National Democratic Alliance]] (NDA) obtained a [[simple majority]]. This time, the BJP (NDA) had allied with the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK) and the [[Biju Janata Dal]] besides its existing allies, the [[Samata Party]], the [[Shiromani Akali Dal]] and [[Shiv Sena]]. Outside support was provided by the [[Telugu Desam Party]]. The NDA had a slim majority, and Vajpayee returned as Prime Minister after a 13-day stint in 1996. [http://www.rediff.com/news/1998/mar/28bjp.htm] But the coalition ruptured in May 1999 when the leader of AIADMK, [[Jayalalitha]], withdrew her support, and fresh elections were again called. On 13 October 1999, the BJP-led NDA won 303 seats. The BJP alone had its highest ever tally of 183. Vajpayee became Prime Minister for the third time, and Advani became the Deputy Prime Minister and [[Minister for Home Affairs (India)|Home Minister]]. This NDA Government lasted its term of five years. Vajpayee and his economic team, led by Finance Minister [[Yashwant Sinha]], continuing the policies initiated by the previous Congress Government under [[P. V. Narasimha Rao|P V Narasimha Rao]] and Manmohan Singh, pushed through major privatizations of big government corporations, the liberalization of trade under [[World Trade Organization]] rules, [[airline deregulation|opening the skies to commercial airlines]], [[Foreign direct investment|foreign investment]] and ownership and allowed private companies such as [[Mahindra World City]] and [[Reliance]] to build [[Special Economic Zones]] where [[property developers]] could build new cities with world-class infrastructure for factories that export products. The BJP and the NDA suffered an unexpected defeat in the [[Indian general elections, 2004|general elections in 2004]], and failed to muster a parliamentary majority. A.B. Vajpayee was succeeded as Prime Minister by Dr. [[Manmohan Singh]] of the [[Congress Party]], and its [[United Progressive Alliance]]. In the 2009 [[general election]]s, BJP again faced defeat and its strength in Lok Sabha reduced to 159 with a loss of about 17 seats. The unexpected defeat of BJP is attributed to bad performance of party in Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Uttarakhand and Andhra Pradesh. == Achievements == In 2004, the Government signed the [[South Asia Free Trade Agreement]] with [[Pakistan]], [[Nepal]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Bhutan]], [[Sri Lanka]] and [[the Maldives]], a decision intended to vastly benefit over 1.6 billion people.{{Citation needed|date=December 2009}} BJP's political alliances and their consequent dilution of [[hindutva]] ideology created a noticeable rift between the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] and the Bharatiya Janata Party in ideological terms. The RSS, from where a good deal of BJP leaders have migrated, has sought the party to take a more aggressive stand on ideological issues such as the building of the [[Ayodhya mandir]] and the adoption of a [[Uniform Civil Code]]. It prefers a [[swadeshi]] economic model of "Hindu socialism". The BJP as part of NDA, while in power at the Centre, could not pursue ideological tenets such as Ayodhya or the Civil Code to ensure that its allies continued their support.{{Citation needed|date=December 2009}} == Organisation == {{Unreferenced section|December 2009|date=December 2009}} {{Main|Organisation of the Bharatiya Janata Party}} [[File:Sushma.jpg|left|thumb|150px|[[Sushma Swaraj]], [[Leader of the Opposition (India)|Leader of the Opposition]]]] The highest authority in the party is the President. Officially, the BJP constitution provides for a three-year term for the President. Recently, both [[Venkaiah Naidu]] and [[LK Advani]] resigned ahead of schedule due to factionalism and controversies. Rajnath Singh held this post from 2006 to 2009, he was succedded by [[Nitin Gadkari]]. Beyond this, there are several Vice-Presidents, General-Secretaries, Treasurers and Secretaries. The National Executive consists of an undetermined number of senior party leaders from across the nation who are the highest decision-making body in the party. At the state level, a similar structure is in place, with every state unit being led by the respective President, who also officially serves a three-year term. The rank-and-file leadership of BJP largely derives from the cadre of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), which has millions of affiliates. It also maintains close links to other [[Sangh Parivar]] organisations, such as [[Vishwa Hindu Parishad]] and [[Swadeshi Jagaran Manch]] (an organisation promoting protectionism). ==National Leadership== *[http://www.bjp.org/content/view/764/426/ BJP Office Bearers] , as on Mar 16 2010 *[http://www.bjp.org/content/view/754/412/ BJP Parliamentary Board] *[[BJP Members, National level Permanent Invitees, Special Invitees]] ==State leadership== *[http://www.bjp.org/content/view/2613/463/ BJP State Party Presidents ] ==BJP MPs in parliament== * [http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/Members/Partydetail.aspx?party_code=23 List of BJP MPs in the 15th Lok Sabha] * [[List of BJP MPs in the Rajya Sabha]] ==Mass organisations associated with the BJP include== * [[Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad]] (All-India Students' Council) * [[Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha]] (Indian People's Youth Front) * [[Bharatiya Kisan Sangh]] (India Peasants' Union) * [[Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh]] (Indian Workers' Union) * [[BJP Mahila Morcha]] (Indian Popular Women's Front) * [[BJP Minority Morcha]] (Indian Popular Minority Front) * BJP SC Morcha (Indian Popular SC Front) * BJP ST Morcha (Indian Popular ST Front) * Overseas Friends of BJP (Followers of BJP Outside of India) == Objectives and policies == [[Image:Vajpayee Bush.jpg|thumb|250px|Prime Minister [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] with U.S. President [[George W. Bush]] in the Oval Office. Indo-US relations touched a new high under the Vajpayee administration.]] The concept of [[Integral Humanism]] has a special place in its ideology, with the party aiming to transform India in to a modern, progressive and enlightened nation which draws inspiration from India's ancient Indian culture and values. As per the party's constitution the objectives of the party are explained thus: "The party is pledged to build up India as a strong and prosperous nation, which is modern, progressive and enlightened in outlook and which proudly draws inspiration from India's ancient culture and values and thus is able to emerge as a great world power playing an effective role in the comity of Nations for the establishment of world peace and a just international order. The Party aims at establishing a democratic state which guarantees to all citizens irrespective of caste, creed or sex, political, social and economic justice, equality of opportunity and liberty of faith and expression. The Party shall bear true faith and allegiance to [[Constitution of India|the Constitution of India]] as by law established and to the principles of socialism, secularism and democracy and would uphold the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India." Some of the professed goals of the BJP are<ref>[http://www.bjp.org/content/view/2844/428/ Manifesto : Lok Sabha Election 2009]</ref>: * '''Anti terror measures''' - Revive the anti-terror mechanism that has been dismantled by the Congress; improve upon POTA to ensure it is more effective as an instrument of deterrence and a tool to prosecute offenders without innocent people being harassed; and, strengthen the operational role of the National Investigating Agency. * '''Special Courts for speedy prosecution''' - Special courts will be set up for speedy prosecution of those involved with acts of [[terrorism]]. Their trial shall be fair and justice will be done for the victims swiftly. * '''National identity card of all''' - BJP proposes to make it incumbent for every Indian to have a National Identity card. The National Identity Card will also strengthen [[national security]] by ensuring accurate citizen identity, thus tracking illegal immigration. * '''Food security''' - Provide 35&nbsp;kg of rice or wheat every month to BPL families at Rs 2 per kg under an improved and expanded Antyodaya Anna Yojana. This will be available against ‘Food Coupons’ redeemable at both PDS and private outlets. * '''Energy security''' - It proposes to invest heavily in developing non-fossil fuel-based [[Green energy|clean energy]] sources, especially for electricity production. Its goal will be to add at least 120,000 MW of power over the next five years, with 20 per cent of it coming from renewable sources. * '''Urban India''' - In pursuit of the principle of ‘Shelter for All’, 10 lakh dwelling units for the poor will be constructed every year. For existing urban centres, basic infrastructure facilities and amenities of water, drainage, roads, electricity, environment and [[Waste management|solid waste management]] will be enhanced for a clean and healthy city life. * '''Agriculture''' - Waive agricultural loans. Set a maximum ceiling of 4 per cent interest for agricultural loans to farmers from banks. Introduce a pension scheme for aged and helpless farmers. Create irrigation facilities for an additional 35 million hectares of land in five years: This will generate rural jobs as well as benefit farmers. Drip irrigation will be promoted along with better water management and use of check dams. * Keeping farmers interest protected with the help of National Land Use Policy before land acquisition for infrastructure. * '''Education for all''' - The success story of [[Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan]], launched by the NDA in 2002, shall be strengthened, extended and concretised further in quality, content and support systems. Implementation of the mid-day meal scheme shall be revitalised on modern management lines. Akshaya Patra Scheme will serve as a model for this purpose. Universalisation of secondary education shall be speedily implemented. Special emphasis will be given to girls’ education at the secondary level. Institutions of higher learning shall be given full autonomy, coupled with accountability, in real practice. * '''Article 370''' - It poses a psychological barrier for the full integration of the people of Jammu & Kashmir with the national mainstream. The BJP remains committed to the abrogation of this Article. * To increase bilateral ties with [[USA]] and other [[Western bloc]] countries - an ideology that BJP has supported since its formation, in stark contrast to strong ties of Congress-led governments with Russia. BJP has since sought to and improved its relations with all post-Cold War nations allied to the Western front. * '''Health for all''' - Set up a National Regulatory Authority for private hospitals, nursing homes and special care facilities to ensure quality services, affordable fees and prevent/punish malpractice. While private sector participation in health care is welcome, it cannot become a source of unrestricted and unrestrained profit making at the expense of the people. Clean drinking water is one of the best barriers against common but often fatal diseases. The BJP proposes to make access to clean drinking water a fundamental right for all citizens. * '''One Earth, Green Earth''' - BJP wants to give appropriate importance to containing [[climate change]]. Lay importance on energy security and [[sustainable energy]] pathways by setting clear targets for [[energy efficiency]] and renewable energy. * '''Religious Conversions''' - The BJP wants to facilitate, under the auspices of noted religious leaders, the setting up of a permanent [[Interfaith|inter-faith]] consultative mechanism to promote harmony among and trust between communities{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}}. This mechanism will also be used for a sustained and sincere Inter-Faith Dialogue between leaders of the Hindu and Christian communities on all aspects of life, including the issue of religious conversions. The dialogue should be held in the spirit of the unanimous report of the Inter-Faith Dialogue on Conversions, which was organised at the Vatican in May 2006 by the Pontifical Council for Inter-Faith Dialogue and the World Council of Churches, Geneva. The BJP stands for strong [[national defence]], [[small government]]{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}}, and [[Quasi-market]] (a market where only [[List of Indian companies|Indian companies]] can benefit) economic policies, but [[Integral Humanism]] has been its core philosophy and identity ever since its inception. The BJP stand on economic policies saw a sudden volte face in the mid nineties from a support of [[swadeshi]] products to the embracing of free market ideas. Another important factor is the ongoing territorial dispute over [[Jammu and Kashmir]] and the wars of 1947-48, 1962, 1965, and 1971, and recently the 1999 [[Kargil]] War. The BJP and its supporters feel India must remain vigilant against threats from [[Pakistan]], the [[People's Republic of China]], and elsewhere such as [[Bangladesh]]. Economic policy under BJP-led governments at the state and center has been heavily focused on infrastructure building and pro-reform, which is congenial to Indian interests and to necessary conforming to international regulations (like environment laws) market-oriented economic growth without making subtle changes to the existing policies. == Indian Prime Ministers from the BJP == * [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] - (1996), (1998-2004): Vajpayee served as the eleventh [[Prime Minister of India]]. After a brief stint as Prime Minister in 1996, Vajpayee headed a coalition government from March 19, 1998 until May 19, 2004. He served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from [[Lucknow]] until 2009, and has since retired from active politics. == BJP in various states == [[File:BJP Sates 2009.png|thumb|BJP ruled states marked in orange]] BJP is currently in power in fivw states ([[Gujrat]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Karnataka]], [[Chattisgarh]] and [[Himachal Pradesh]]) where the party enjoys a majority of its own. In five other states — [[Punjab (India)| Punjab]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Nagaland]], [[Uttrakhand]] and [[Bihar]] — it shares power with other alliance partners. === List of current BJP Chief Ministers and Deputy Chief Ministers=== *[[Narendra Modi]] - [[Gujrat]] *[[B. S. Yeddyurappa]] - [[Karnataka]] *[[Shivraj Singh Chauhan]] - [[Madhya Pradesh]] *[[Raman Singh]] - [[Chhattisgarh]] *[[Ramesh Pokhriyal]] - [[Uttrakhand]] *[[Prem Kumar Dhumal]] - [[Himachal Pradesh]] *[[Sushil Kumar Modi]] - [[Bihar]](Deputy Chief Minister) *[[Raghubar Das]] - [[Jharkhand]](Deputy Chief Minister) == Controversies and criticism == * Ram Janambhoomi - The party has been criticized for its direct involvement in the movement which culminated in the destruction of the [[Babri Masjid]] in favor of building the [[Ram Janmabhoomi]] temple. * Communal violence - In 2002, [[2002 Gujarat violence|communal riots]] happened in [[Gujarat]] under BJP rule, after an attack by a Muslim mob on a train comprising mostly of Hindu pilgrims.<ref>'Scores killed in Indian Train Attack - BBC News' http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1843591.stm. Retrieved on 2008-06-20</ref>. As a result, communal riots erupted in [[Gujarat]]. The state government of [[Gujarat]] and its [[Chief Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] have been accused of helping the Hindu mobs, a charge that it denies{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}}. The [[National Human Rights Commission]] criticized the government, pointing to "a comprehensive failure on the part of the State Government of Gujarat to control persistent violations of rights. A judicial commission headed by [[G.T. Nanavati]], a former chief justice of the [[Supreme Court of India|Indian Supreme Court]], constituted to examine allegations of Gujarat state administration's involvement in the riots of 2002 said that there was no evidence to implicate either Modi or his administration in the riots.<ref> 'No police lapse in Gujarat riots: Justice Nanavati.' (2003) http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/may/18guj.htm. Retrieved on 2008-06-20</ref> * Expulsion of a senior party leader and founder like Jaswant Singh for writing the book "[[Jinnah: India-Partition-Independence]]" has been questioned for suppression of freedom of expression and diverse voices within the party.<ref>Jaswant Singh’s graceless, baseless expulsion will haunt BJP for long http://www.indianexpress.com/news/jaswant-singhs-graceless-baseless-expulsion-will-haunt-bjp-for-long/505501/</ref> * Organizations belonging to the [[Sangh Parivar]] of which BJP is a part and the political face, were involved in [[Anti-Christian violence in India|violence against Christians]] in the states of [[Orissa]], [[Karnataka]] and [[Gujarat]]. Several organizations have reported that violence against [[Christians]] has increased significantly since BJP assumed power as it either turns a blind eye to the incidents, justifies it in the name of [[forcible conversion]]s or helps the perpetrators .<ref>Anti christian violence on the rise in India http://www.hrw.org/en/news/1999/09/29/anti-christian-violence-rise-india</ref><ref>[http://www.headlinesindia.com/state-news/karnataka/ncm-blames-bajrang-dal-for-karnataka-orissa-violence-1888.html NCM blames Bajrang Dal for K'taka, Orissa violence<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://worldsikhnews.com/17%20September%202008/RSS-BJP%20carry%20on%20anti-Christian%20hate%20violence.htm WSN-India Nes-RSS-BJP carry on anti-Christian hate violence<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/southasia/History/Current_Affairs/Current_affairs.html Manas: Current Affairs, Anti Christian Violence iN India<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> == List of presidents of the party == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Year ! colspan="2" | Name ! Place ! Rationale |- | 1980 - 1986 | [[File:Atal Bihari Vajpayee.jpg|75px]] | [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] | [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] | |- | 1986 - 1991 | [[File:Lal Krishna Advani.jpg|75px]] | [[Lal Krishna Advani]] | [[Karachi]], [[British India]] | First Term |- | 1991 - 1993 | [[Image:MMJoshi.jpg|75px]] | [[Murli Manohar Joshi]] | [[New Delhi]] | |- | 1993 - 1998 | [[File:Lal Krishna Advani.jpg|75px]] | [[Lal Krishna Advani]] | [[Karachi]], [[British India]] | Second Term |- | 1998 - 2000 | | [[Kushabhau Thakre]] | [[Madhya Pradesh]] | |- | 2000 - 2001 | | [[Bangaru Laxman]] | [[Andhra Pradesh]] | |- | 2001 - 2002 | [[Image:Jana1.JPG|75px]] | [[Jana Krishnamurthi]] | [[Tamil Nadu]] | |- | 2002 - 2004 | [[Image:M Venkaiah Naidu.jpg|75px]] | [[Venkaiah Naidu]] | [[Nellore]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] | |- | 2004 - 2006 | [[File:Lal Krishna Advani.jpg|75px]] | [[Lal Krishna Advani]] | [[Karachi]], [[British India]] | Third Term |- | 2006 - 2009 | [[Image:Rajnath Singh1.jpg|75px]] | [[Rajnath Singh]] | [[Varanasi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] | |- | 2009- | [[File:Nitin Gadkari 4 copy.jpg|75px]] | [[Nitin Gadkari]] | [[Nagpur]], [[Maharashtra]] | |} == External links == <!-- ATTENTION! Please do not add links without discussion and consensus on the talk page. Undiscussed links will be removed. --> * [http://www.bjp.org Official site of the Bharatiya Janata Party] <!-- ATTENTION! Please do not add links without discussion and consensus on the talk page. 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