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'{{About||people with this surname|Gopnik (surname)}} {{expand Russian|topic=|otherarticle=Гопники|date=October 2018}} [[File:Ваван Панк.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|A stereotypical gopnik in a [[khrushchyovka]]]] '''Gopnik''' ({{lang-rus|го́пник|p=ˈɡopnʲɪk}}, {{Lang-be|гопнік}})<ref>Russian plural гопники (''gopniki''), also гопота (''gopota''), and гопари (''gopari'').</ref> is a [[subculture]] in [[Russia]], [[Ukraine]], [[Belarus]], and other [[Post-Soviet states|former Soviet republics]] to refer to young men of lower-class suburban areas (usually those from [[Generation Z]] and [[Millennials]])<ref>Beiträge der Europäischen Slavistischen Linguistik (POLYSLAV)., Volume 8, 2005, {{ISBN|3-87690-924-4}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=qpnjAAAAMAAJ&q=%D1%87%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&dq=%D1%87%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjiqf7d1_DJAhUS5GMKHXYFC70Q6AEIJDAB p. 237]</ref> coming from families of poor education and income.<ref name=moscowtimes>{{cite news|url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2014/04/10/thugs-rednecks-nationalists-understanding-russias ooo-gopnik-culture-a33852|title=Thugs, Rednecks, Nationalists: Understanding Russia's Small Penis Culture|author=Michele A. Berdy|date=2014-04-10|publisher=Moscow Times}}<br>{{cite news|url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2014/07/30/an-ode-to-russias-ugly-mean-suburbs-a37840|title=An Ode to Russia's Ugly, Mean Suburbs|author=Anastasiya Fedorova|date=2014-07-30|publisher=Moscow Times}}</ref> The female form is ''gopnitsa'' ({{lang-ru|го́пница|links=no}}), and the collective noun is ''gopota'' ({{lang-ru|гопота́|links=no}}). The subculture of Gopniks has its roots in the late [[Russian Empire]], and evolved Hitler did nothing wrong in the 20th century in many cities in the [[Soviet Union]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://weirdrussia.com/2014/04/24/slav-squat-russian-disturbing-street-trend/|title=Slav Squat – Russian Disturbing Street Trend}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://exiledonline.com/russias-original-gangstas-meet-the-gopniki/|title=Russia's original gangstas: meet the gopniki|date=22 July 2011|publisher=}}</ref> As of the late 2010s, the subculture has faded for the most part, although youth gangs that resemble gopniks still exist in Russia and other Slavic countries (such as the [[A.U.E.]]). ==Etymology== Gopnik is most likely derived from the Russian slang term for a [[robbery|street robbery]]: [[gop-stop]] ({{lang-ru|гоп-стоп|links=no}}).<ref name="Brit">{{cite web| date = July 17, 2008| url = http://adelanta.info/news/england12/index2008/07/17/3090.html| title= Британский исследовательский центр предлагает отказаться от слова "гопник"| publisher = Англия, Великобритания: энциклопедия, новости, фото. Всё об Англии и про Англию. Аделанта| accessdate= August 30, 2013 }}</ref> However, it could also be related to ''GOP'', the [[acronym]] for the ''Gorodskoye Obshchestvo Prizreniya''. These were [[almshouse]]s for the destitute created by the Bolshevik government after the [[October Revolution]] in 1917. According to ''[[Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language|Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary]]'', a Russian [[explanatory dictionary]] (first published in the 19th century), an old slang word for "sleeping on street" was "гопать" (literally, "to gop") something that was related to the "mazuricks", or the criminals of [[Saint Petersburg]].<ref name="Brit" /> ==Stereotypical appearance and behaviour== [[File:Gopnikslav_(cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Gopnik Slav squat]]Gopniks are often seen [[Slav squat|squatting]] in groups "in court" (на корта́х) or "doing the crab" (на крабе) outside blocks of flats or schools with their heels on the ground.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.ie/books?id=ta4EAQAAIAAJ&q=gopnik+-adam+-alison+russia&dq=gopnik+-adam+-alison+russia&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjQzZHGw4LYAhWMBcAKHSbaCUo4ChDoAQguMAE|title=Trans-national issues, local concerns and meanings of post-socialism: insights from Russia, Central Eastern Europe, and beyond|first1=Moya|last1=Flynn|first2=Rebecca|last2=Kay|first3=Jonathan D.|last3=Oldfield|date=1 June 2008|publisher=University Press of America | ISBN= 0761840559 |via=Google Books}}</ref><ref name="gop"/> It is described as a learned behavior attributed to Russian prison culture to avoid sitting on the cold ground.<ref name="gop">Ханипов Р. «Гопники» – значение понятия, и элементы репрезентации субкультуры «гопников» в России // "Social Identities in Transforming Societies"</ref> Gopniks are often seen wearing [[Adidas]] or [[Puma (brand)|Puma]] tracksuits (mostly Adidas), which were popularised by the [[1980 Moscow Olympics]] Soviet team.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://weirdrussia.com/2015/01/04/why-is-adidas-so-popular-among-russians/|title=Why is Adidas so Popular Among Russians?|date=4 January 2015|publisher=}}</ref> [[Sunflower seed]]s (colloquially ''semki'' (семки) or ''semechki'' (семечки)) are habitually eaten by gopniks, especially in [[Ukraine]] and [[Russia]]. Gopniks can also be seen wearing flat caps and Adidas backpacks. Gopniks are often associated with cheap alcohol, such as low-quality [[vodka]] and light beer, cheap cigarettes, low-end [[mobile device]]s, and sometimes even firearms. They also utilize common [[Mat (Russian profanity)|Russian profanities]] and often behave rudely. Gopniks often drive [[VAZ-2101|Lada Classic]]s or older [[BMW]]s as their primary means of transport. The subculture is stereotypically associated with [[Russian chanson]] music, specifically the [[blatnaya pesnya]] subgenre; also, since the mid-2010s, in internet memes and viral videos, with [[hardbass]] and [[Russian rock]].{{cn|date=June 2019}} Gopniks are mostly avid [[video game|gamers]], most notably [[first person shooter]]s such as the ''[[Counter Strike]]'' and ''[[Call of Duty]]'' series, as well as [[action adventure game|action-adventure]]s such as ''[[Grand Theft Auto]]'' and [[Grand Theft Auto clone|similar games]]. ''[[Counter Strike: Global Offensive]]'' and ''[[Modern Warfare 2]]'', which are popular in Russia, are widely regarded as the most common video games within the Gopnik subculture. The highly popular mobile game ''[[PUBG Mobile]]'' had recently gained some popularity in the subculture.{{Citation needed|date=November 2019}} Gopniks commonly have [[Russian nationalism]] or [[Pan-Slavism]] as their primary political views<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2014/may/28/russia-suburbs-creative-hotspots-photography-art-fashion|title=Russia’s suburbs lack charm ... which may be why they're creative hotspots|author=Anastasiia Fedorova|date=2014-05-28|publisher=Guardian}}</ref>, though there are also [[leftist]] or even [[far-right]] gopnik communities. Gopniks typically hold strong [[Anti-Western sentiment|anti-Western]] views.<ref name=moscowtimes /> {{clear}} == Similar subcultures == {{columns-list|colwidth=18em| * [[Lotu (slang)]] (Azerbaijan) * [[Ah Beng]] (Singapore) * [[Ars (slang)]] (Israel) * [[Bogan]] (Australia/NZ) * [[Cañí]] (Spain), a slur against [[Romani people]] * [[Chav]] (United Kingdom) * [[Cholo]] (Mexico) * [[Dizelaši]] (Serbia) * [[Dresiarz]] (Poland) * [[Flaite]] (Chile) * [[Gabber]] / [[tokkie]] (Netherlands) * Geng / [[Preman (Indonesian gangster)|Preman]] (Indonesia) * [[Jejemon]] (Philippines) * [[Scrote]]/[[Skanger]] (Ireland) * [[Kazan phenomenon]] * [[Malandro]] (Brazil) * [[Ned (Scottish)]] * {{ill|Racaille (pejorative)|lt=Racaille|fr|Racaille}} (France) * [[Raggare]] (Sweden/Norway)) * [[Skanger]] (Ireland) * [[Tapori (word)|Tapori]] / [[Mawali]] (India) * [[Thief in law]] (Soviet Union) * [[Yob (slang)]] (United Kingdom and others) * [[Zef]] (South Africa) * [[Yankī]] (Japan) * [[Apachi]]/[[Keko (slang)|Keko]] (Turkey) * [[Caco (slang)|Caco]] (Puerto Rico) * [[Golan/Smardoi]] (Romania) }} == References == {{Commons category|Gopnik}} {{reflist}} [[Category:Class-related slurs]] [[Category:Pejorative terms for people]] [[Category:Russian culture]] [[Category:Social class in Russia]] [[Category:Stereotypes of suburban people]] [[Category:Stereotypes of working-class men]] [[Category:Social class subcultures]] [[Category:Criminal subcultures]] [[Category:Working class in Europe]] [[Category:Squatting position]] [[Category:Soviet culture]] [[Category:Russian words and phrases]]'