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{{expand Russian|topic=|otherarticle=Гопники|date=October 2018}}
[[File:Гопник.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|A stereotypical gopnik in a [[khrushchyovka]].]]
A '''gopnik''' ({{lang-rus|го́пник|p=ˈɡopnʲɪk}}, {{Lang-uk|Гопники}}, {{Lang-be|гопнік}})<ref>Russian plural гопники (''gopniki''), also гопота (''gopota''), and гопари (''gopari''). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y90yaLFoYoA {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327133433/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y90yaLFoYoA |date=2020-03-27 }}</ref> is a member of a [[subculture]] in [[Russia]], [[Ukraine]], [[Belarus]], and other [[Post-Soviet states|former Soviet republics]] - a young man (or a woman) of lower-class families that usually live in Russian suburban areas (usually [[Millennials]])<ref>Beiträge der Europäischen Slavistischen Linguistik (POLYSLAV)., https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y90yaLFoYoA {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327133433/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y90yaLFoYoA |date=2020-03-27 }} Volume 8, 2005, {{ISBN |3-87690-924-4}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=qpnjAAAAMAAJ&q=%D1%87%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&dq=%D1%87%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjiqf7d1_DJAhUS5GMKHXYFC70Q6AEIJDAB p. 237] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508160718/https://books.google.com/books?id=qpnjAAAAMAAJ&q=%D1%87%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&dq=%D1%87%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjiqf7d1_DJAhUS5GMKHXYFC70Q6AEIJDAB |date=2016-05-08 }}</ref> coming from families of poor education and income.<ref name=moscowtimes>{{cite news|url= https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2014/04/10/thugs-rednecks-nationalists-understanding-russias-gopnik-culture-a33852|title= Thugs, Rednecks, Nationalists: Understanding Russia's Gopnik Culture|author= Michele A. Berdy|date= 2014-04-10|publisher= Moscow Times}}<br>{{cite news|url= https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2014/07/30/an-ode-to-russias-ugly-mean-suburbs-a37840|title= An Ode to Russia's Ugly, Mean Suburbs|author= Anastasiya Fedorova|date= 2014-07-30|publisher= Moscow Times}}</ref> The female form is ''gopnitsa'' ({{lang-ru|го́пница|links=no}}) and the collective noun is ''gopota'' ({{lang-ru|гопота́|links=no}}). The subculture of gopniks has its roots in the late [[Russian Empire]] and evolved during the 20th century in many cities in the [[Soviet Union]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://weirdrussia.com/2014/04/24/slav-squat-russian-disturbing-street-trend/|title= Slav Squat – Russian Disturbing Street Trend|access-date= 2018-11-05|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180828023429/https://weirdrussia.com/2014/04/24/slav-squat-russian-disturbing-street-trend/|archive-date= 2018-08-28|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://exiledonline.com/russias-original-gangstas-meet-the-gopniki/|title= Russia's original gangstas: meet the gopniki|date= 22 July 2011|publisher= |access-date= 5 November 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181111034203/http://exiledonline.com/russias-original-gangstas-meet-the-gopniki/|archive-date= 11 November 2018|url-status= dead}}</ref> As of the late 2010s, the subculture has faded for the most part, although youth gangs (such as the [[A.U.E.]]) that resemble gopniks still exist in Russia and in other Slavic and Baltic countries.
==Etymology==
Gopnik is most likely derived from the Russian slang term for a [[robbery|street robbery]]: [[gop-stop]] ({{lang-ru|гоп-стоп|links=no}}).<ref name="Brit">{{cite web| date = July 17, 2008| url = http://adelanta.info/news/england12/index2008/07/17/3090.html| title = Британский исследовательский центр предлагает отказаться от слова "гопник"| publisher = Англия, Великобритания: энциклопедия, новости, фото. Всё об Англии и про Англию. Аделанта| accessdate = August 30, 2013| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120907075412/http://adelanta.info/news/england12/index2008/07/17/3090.html| archive-date = September 7, 2012| url-status = live}}</ref>
However, it could also be related to ''GOP'', the [[acronym]] for the ''Gorodskoye Obshchestvo Prizreniya''. These were [[almshouse]]s for the destitute created by the Bolshevik government after the [[October Revolution]] in 1917. According to ''[[Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language|Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary]]'', a Russian [[explanatory dictionary]] (first published in the 19th century), an old slang word for "sleeping on street" was "гопать" (literally, "to gop") something that was related to the "mazuricks" or the criminals of [[Saint Petersburg]].<ref name="Brit" />
One of the first appearances of “gopnik” in written text is in [[Zoopark]]'s (pioneering Soviet rock band) 1984 song “Gopniki.”<ref>{{cite news |title=Opinion: Can Slav and gopnik memes do real damage? |url=https://www.calvertjournal.com/articles/show/7350/gopniks-slavs-squatting-memes |work=The Calvert Journal |date=13 December 2016}}</ref>
[[File:Gopnikslav_(cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|A gopnik squatting.]]
==Stereotypical appearance and behaviour==
Gopniks are often seen [[Slav squat|squatting]] in groups "in court" (на корта́х) or "doing the crab" (на крабе) outside blocks of flats or schools with their heels on the ground.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.ie/books?id=ta4EAQAAIAAJ&q=gopnik+-adam+-alison+russia&dq=gopnik+-adam+-alison+russia&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjQzZHGw4LYAhWMBcAKHSbaCUo4ChDoAQguMAE|title=Trans-national issues, local concerns and meanings of post-socialism: insights from Russia, Central Eastern Europe, and beyond|first1=Moya|last1=Flynn|first2=Rebecca|last2=Kay|first3=Jonathan D.|last3=Oldfield|date=1 June 2008|publisher=University Press of America|ISBN=0761840559|via=Google Books|access-date=11 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212033143/https://books.google.ie/books?id=ta4EAQAAIAAJ&q=gopnik+-adam+-alison+russia&dq=gopnik+-adam+-alison+russia&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjQzZHGw4LYAhWMBcAKHSbaCUo4ChDoAQguMAE|archive-date=12 December 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="gop"/> It is described as a learned behavior attributed to Russian prison culture to avoid sitting on the cold ground.<ref name="gop">Ханипов Р. «Гопники» – значение понятия, и элементы репрезентации субкультуры «гопников» в России // "Social Identities in Transforming Societies"</ref>
Gopniks are often seen wearing [[Adidas]] or [[Puma (brand)|Puma]] tracksuits (mostly Adidas), which were popularized by the [[1980 Moscow Olympics]] Soviet team.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://weirdrussia.com/2015/01/04/why-is-adidas-so-popular-among-russians/|title=Why is Adidas so Popular Among Russians?|date=4 January 2015|publisher=|access-date=18 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170506122902/http://weirdrussia.com/2015/01/04/why-is-adidas-so-popular-among-russians/|archive-date=6 May 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Sunflower seed]]s (colloquially ''semki'' (семки) or ''semechki'' (семечки)) are habitually eaten by gopniks, especially in [[Ukraine]] and [[Russia]]. Gopniks can also be seen wearing flat caps and Adidas backpacks.
Gopniks are often associated with cheap alcohol, such as low-quality [[vodka]] and light beer, cheap cigarettes, low-end [[mobile device]]s, and sometimes firearms. They also utilize common [[Mat (Russian profanity)|Russian profanities]] and often behave rudely. Gopniks favor [[VAZ-2101|Lada Classic]]s as their primary means of transport.
The subculture is stereotypically associated with [[Russian chanson]] music, specifically the [[blatnaya pesnya]] subgenre (prisoner's songs, lyrics etc...); also, since the mid-2010s, in internet memes and viral videos, with [[hardbass]] and [[Russian rock]].{{cn|date=June 2019}}
Some gopniks have [[Russian nationalism]] or [[Pan-Slavism]] as their primary political views<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2014/may/28/russia-suburbs-creative-hotspots-photography-art-fashion|title=Russia’s suburbs lack charm ... which may be why they're creative hotspots|author=Anastasiia Fedorova|date=2014-05-28|publisher=Guardian|access-date=2019-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115055721/https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2014/may/28/russia-suburbs-creative-hotspots-photography-art-fashion|archive-date=2020-01-15|url-status=live}}</ref>, though there are also [[leftist]] or even [[far-right]] gopnik communities. Some gopniks hold strong [[Anti-Western sentiment|anti-Western]] views.<ref name=moscowtimes />
Gopniks are sometimes avid video gamers, especially online [[first-person shooter]]s such as ''[[Counter Strike: Global Offensive]]''.
{{clear}}
== Similar subcultures ==
{{columns-list|colwidth=18em|
* [[Bombardier]] (Romania)
* [[Lotu (slang)]] (Azerbaijan)
* [[Ah Beng]] (Malaysia and Singapore)
* [[Mat Rempit]] (Malaysia)
* [[Ars (slang)]] (Israel)
* [[Cañí]] (Spain) or [[cani]], a slur against [[Romani people]]
* [[Chata]] (Costa Rica)
* [[Chav]] (United Kingdom)
* [[Cholo]] (Mexico)
* [[Dizelaši]] (Serbia)
* [[Dresiarz]] (Poland)
*[[Eshays (Australian Subculture)|Eshays]] (Australia)
* [[Flaite]] (Chile)
* [[Gabber]]/[[tokkie]] (Netherlands)
* Geng/[[Preman (Indonesian gangster)|Preman]] (Indonesia)
* [[Jologs]] (Philippines)
* [[Kazan phenomenon]]
* [[Malandro]] (Brazil)
* [[Ned (Scottish)]]
* [[Plancha]] (Uruguay)
* [[Raggare]] (Sweden/Norway))
* [[Roadman]] (UK/England)
* [[Smick]]/[[Spide]]/[[Steek]]/[[Jant]] (Northern Ireland)
* [[Tapori (word)|Tapori]]/[[Mawali]] (India)
* [[Thief in law]] (Soviet Union)
* [[Yob (slang)]] (United Kingdom and others)
* [[Zef]] (South Africa)
* [[Yankī]] (Japan)
* Mitra/[[Basofe]] (Portugal)
}}
== See also==
* [[Ethnic stereotype]]
== References ==
{{Commons category|Gopnik}}
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Class-related slurs]]
[[Category:Criminal subcultures]]
[[Category:Russian culture]]
[[Category:Social class in Russia]]
[[Category:Soviet culture]]
[[Category:Squatting position]]
[[Category:Stereotypes of suburban people]]
[[Category:Stereotypes of the working class]]
[[Category:Working class in Europe]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | 'HARDBASS BLYAT CYKAAAAAAAAAA VODKA KVASS COMRADE
A '''gopnik''' ({{lang-rus|го́пник|p=ˈɡopnʲɪk}}, {{Lang-uk|Гопники}}, {{Lang-be|гопнік}})<ref>Russian plural гопники (''gopniki''), also гопота (''gopota''), and гопари (''gopari''). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y90yaLFoYoA {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327133433/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y90yaLFoYoA |date=2020-03-27 }}</ref> is a member of a [[subculture]] in [[Russia]], [[Ukraine]], [[Belarus]], and other [[Post-Soviet states|former Soviet republics]] - a young man (or a woman) of lower-class families that usually live in Russian suburban areas (usually [[Millennials]])<ref>Beiträge der Europäischen Slavistischen Linguistik (POLYSLAV)., https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y90yaLFoYoA {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327133433/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y90yaLFoYoA |date=2020-03-27 }} Volume 8, 2005, {{ISBN |3-87690-924-4}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=qpnjAAAAMAAJ&q=%D1%87%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&dq=%D1%87%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjiqf7d1_DJAhUS5GMKHXYFC70Q6AEIJDAB p. 237] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508160718/https://books.google.com/books?id=qpnjAAAAMAAJ&q=%D1%87%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&dq=%D1%87%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjiqf7d1_DJAhUS5GMKHXYFC70Q6AEIJDAB |date=2016-05-08 }}</ref> coming from families of poor education and income.<ref name=moscowtimes>{{cite news|url= https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2014/04/10/thugs-rednecks-nationalists-understanding-russias-gopnik-culture-a33852|title= Thugs, Rednecks, Nationalists: Understanding Russia's Gopnik Culture|author= Michele A. Berdy|date= 2014-04-10|publisher= Moscow Times}}<br>{{cite news|url= https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2014/07/30/an-ode-to-russias-ugly-mean-suburbs-a37840|title= An Ode to Russia's Ugly, Mean Suburbs|author= Anastasiya Fedorova|date= 2014-07-30|publisher= Moscow Times}}</ref> The female form is ''gopnitsa'' ({{lang-ru|го́пница|links=no}}) and the collective noun is ''gopota'' ({{lang-ru|гопота́|links=no}}). The subculture of gopniks has its roots in the late [[Russian Empire]] and evolved during the 20th century in many cities in the [[Soviet Union]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://weirdrussia.com/2014/04/24/slav-squat-russian-disturbing-street-trend/|title= Slav Squat – Russian Disturbing Street Trend|access-date= 2018-11-05|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180828023429/https://weirdrussia.com/2014/04/24/slav-squat-russian-disturbing-street-trend/|archive-date= 2018-08-28|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://exiledonline.com/russias-original-gangstas-meet-the-gopniki/|title= Russia's original gangstas: meet the gopniki|date= 22 July 2011|publisher= |access-date= 5 November 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181111034203/http://exiledonline.com/russias-original-gangstas-meet-the-gopniki/|archive-date= 11 November 2018|url-status= dead}}</ref> As of the late 2010s, the subculture has faded for the most part, although youth gangs (such as the [[A.U.E.]]) that resemble gopniks still exist in Russia and in other Slavic and Baltic countries.
==Etymology==
Gopnik is most likely derived from the Russian slang term for a [[robbery|street robbery]]: [[gop-stop]] ({{lang-ru|гоп-стоп|links=no}}).<ref name="Brit">{{cite web| date = July 17, 2008| url = http://adelanta.info/news/england12/index2008/07/17/3090.html| title = Британский исследовательский центр предлагает отказаться от слова "гопник"| publisher = Англия, Великобритания: энциклопедия, новости, фото. Всё об Англии и про Англию. Аделанта| accessdate = August 30, 2013| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120907075412/http://adelanta.info/news/england12/index2008/07/17/3090.html| archive-date = September 7, 2012| url-status = live}}</ref>
However, it could also be related to ''GOP'', the [[acronym]] for the ''Gorodskoye Obshchestvo Prizreniya''. These were [[almshouse]]s for the destitute created by the Bolshevik government after the [[October Revolution]] in 1917. According to ''[[Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language|Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary]]'', a Russian [[explanatory dictionary]] (first published in the 19th century), an old slang word for "sleeping on street" was "гопать" (literally, "to gop") something that was related to the "mazuricks" or the criminals of [[Saint Petersburg]].<ref name="Brit" />
One of the first appearances of “gopnik” in written text is in [[Zoopark]]'s (pioneering Soviet rock band) 1984 song “Gopniki.”<ref>{{cite news |title=Opinion: Can Slav and gopnik memes do real damage? |url=https://www.calvertjournal.com/articles/show/7350/gopniks-slavs-squatting-memes |work=The Calvert Journal |date=13 December 2016}}</ref>
[[File:Gopnikslav_(cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|A gopnik squatting.]]
==Stereotypical appearance and behaviour==
Gopniks are often seen [[Slav squat|squatting]] in groups "in court" (на корта́х) or "doing the crab" (на крабе) outside blocks of flats or schools with their heels on the ground.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.ie/books?id=ta4EAQAAIAAJ&q=gopnik+-adam+-alison+russia&dq=gopnik+-adam+-alison+russia&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjQzZHGw4LYAhWMBcAKHSbaCUo4ChDoAQguMAE|title=Trans-national issues, local concerns and meanings of post-socialism: insights from Russia, Central Eastern Europe, and beyond|first1=Moya|last1=Flynn|first2=Rebecca|last2=Kay|first3=Jonathan D.|last3=Oldfield|date=1 June 2008|publisher=University Press of America|ISBN=0761840559|via=Google Books|access-date=11 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212033143/https://books.google.ie/books?id=ta4EAQAAIAAJ&q=gopnik+-adam+-alison+russia&dq=gopnik+-adam+-alison+russia&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjQzZHGw4LYAhWMBcAKHSbaCUo4ChDoAQguMAE|archive-date=12 December 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="gop"/> It is described as a learned behavior attributed to Russian prison culture to avoid sitting on the cold ground.<ref name="gop">Ханипов Р. «Гопники» – значение понятия, и элементы репрезентации субкультуры «гопников» в России // "Social Identities in Transforming Societies"</ref>
Gopniks are often seen wearing [[Adidas]] or [[Puma (brand)|Puma]] tracksuits (mostly Adidas), which were popularized by the [[1980 Moscow Olympics]] Soviet team.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://weirdrussia.com/2015/01/04/why-is-adidas-so-popular-among-russians/|title=Why is Adidas so Popular Among Russians?|date=4 January 2015|publisher=|access-date=18 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170506122902/http://weirdrussia.com/2015/01/04/why-is-adidas-so-popular-among-russians/|archive-date=6 May 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Sunflower seed]]s (colloquially ''semki'' (семки) or ''semechki'' (семечки)) are habitually eaten by gopniks, especially in [[Ukraine]] and [[Russia]]. Gopniks can also be seen wearing flat caps and Adidas backpacks.
Gopniks are often associated with cheap alcohol, such as low-quality [[vodka]] and light beer, cheap cigarettes, low-end [[mobile device]]s, and sometimes firearms. They also utilize common [[Mat (Russian profanity)|Russian profanities]] and often behave rudely. Gopniks favor [[VAZ-2101|Lada Classic]]s as their primary means of transport.
The subculture is stereotypically associated with [[Russian chanson]] music, specifically the [[blatnaya pesnya]] subgenre (prisoner's songs, lyrics etc...); also, since the mid-2010s, in internet memes and viral videos, with [[hardbass]] and [[Russian rock]].{{cn|date=June 2019}}
Some gopniks have [[Russian nationalism]] or [[Pan-Slavism]] as their primary political views<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2014/may/28/russia-suburbs-creative-hotspots-photography-art-fashion|title=Russia’s suburbs lack charm ... which may be why they're creative hotspots|author=Anastasiia Fedorova|date=2014-05-28|publisher=Guardian|access-date=2019-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115055721/https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2014/may/28/russia-suburbs-creative-hotspots-photography-art-fashion|archive-date=2020-01-15|url-status=live}}</ref>, though there are also [[leftist]] or even [[far-right]] gopnik communities. Some gopniks hold strong [[Anti-Western sentiment|anti-Western]] views.<ref name=moscowtimes />
Gopniks are sometimes avid video gamers, especially online [[first-person shooter]]s such as ''[[Counter Strike: Global Offensive]]''.
{{clear}}
== Similar subcultures ==
{{columns-list|colwidth=18em|
* [[Bombardier]] (Romania)
* [[Lotu (slang)]] (Azerbaijan)
* [[Ah Beng]] (Malaysia and Singapore)
* [[Mat Rempit]] (Malaysia)
* [[Ars (slang)]] (Israel)
* [[Cañí]] (Spain) or [[cani]], a slur against [[Romani people]]
* [[Chata]] (Costa Rica)
* [[Chav]] (United Kingdom)
* [[Cholo]] (Mexico)
* [[Dizelaši]] (Serbia)
* [[Dresiarz]] (Poland)
*[[Eshays (Australian Subculture)|Eshays]] (Australia)
* [[Flaite]] (Chile)
* [[Gabber]]/[[tokkie]] (Netherlands)
* Geng/[[Preman (Indonesian gangster)|Preman]] (Indonesia)
* [[Jologs]] (Philippines)
* [[Kazan phenomenon]]
* [[Malandro]] (Brazil)
* [[Ned (Scottish)]]
* [[Plancha]] (Uruguay)
* [[Raggare]] (Sweden/Norway))
* [[Roadman]] (UK/England)
* [[Smick]]/[[Spide]]/[[Steek]]/[[Jant]] (Northern Ireland)
* [[Tapori (word)|Tapori]]/[[Mawali]] (India)
* [[Thief in law]] (Soviet Union)
* [[Yob (slang)]] (United Kingdom and others)
* [[Zef]] (South Africa)
* [[Yankī]] (Japan)
* Mitra/[[Basofe]] (Portugal)
}}
== See also==
* [[Ethnic stereotype]]
== References ==
{{Commons category|Gopnik}}
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Class-related slurs]]
[[Category:Criminal subcultures]]
[[Category:Russian culture]]
[[Category:Social class in Russia]]
[[Category:Soviet culture]]
[[Category:Squatting position]]
[[Category:Stereotypes of suburban people]]
[[Category:Stereotypes of the working class]]
[[Category:Working class in Europe]]' |
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-{{About||people with this surname|Gopnik (surname)}}
-{{expand Russian|topic=|otherarticle=Гопники|date=October 2018}}
-[[File:Гопник.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|A stereotypical gopnik in a [[khrushchyovka]].]]
-
+HARDBASS BLYAT CYKAAAAAAAAAA VODKA KVASS COMRADE
A '''gopnik''' ({{lang-rus|го́пник|p=ˈɡopnʲɪk}}, {{Lang-uk|Гопники}}, {{Lang-be|гопнік}})<ref>Russian plural гопники (''gopniki''), also гопота (''gopota''), and гопари (''gopari''). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y90yaLFoYoA {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327133433/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y90yaLFoYoA |date=2020-03-27 }}</ref> is a member of a [[subculture]] in [[Russia]], [[Ukraine]], [[Belarus]], and other [[Post-Soviet states|former Soviet republics]] - a young man (or a woman) of lower-class families that usually live in Russian suburban areas (usually [[Millennials]])<ref>Beiträge der Europäischen Slavistischen Linguistik (POLYSLAV)., https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y90yaLFoYoA {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327133433/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y90yaLFoYoA |date=2020-03-27 }} Volume 8, 2005, {{ISBN |3-87690-924-4}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=qpnjAAAAMAAJ&q=%D1%87%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&dq=%D1%87%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjiqf7d1_DJAhUS5GMKHXYFC70Q6AEIJDAB p. 237] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508160718/https://books.google.com/books?id=qpnjAAAAMAAJ&q=%D1%87%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&dq=%D1%87%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjiqf7d1_DJAhUS5GMKHXYFC70Q6AEIJDAB |date=2016-05-08 }}</ref> coming from families of poor education and income.<ref name=moscowtimes>{{cite news|url= https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2014/04/10/thugs-rednecks-nationalists-understanding-russias-gopnik-culture-a33852|title= Thugs, Rednecks, Nationalists: Understanding Russia's Gopnik Culture|author= Michele A. Berdy|date= 2014-04-10|publisher= Moscow Times}}<br>{{cite news|url= https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2014/07/30/an-ode-to-russias-ugly-mean-suburbs-a37840|title= An Ode to Russia's Ugly, Mean Suburbs|author= Anastasiya Fedorova|date= 2014-07-30|publisher= Moscow Times}}</ref> The female form is ''gopnitsa'' ({{lang-ru|го́пница|links=no}}) and the collective noun is ''gopota'' ({{lang-ru|гопота́|links=no}}). The subculture of gopniks has its roots in the late [[Russian Empire]] and evolved during the 20th century in many cities in the [[Soviet Union]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://weirdrussia.com/2014/04/24/slav-squat-russian-disturbing-street-trend/|title= Slav Squat – Russian Disturbing Street Trend|access-date= 2018-11-05|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180828023429/https://weirdrussia.com/2014/04/24/slav-squat-russian-disturbing-street-trend/|archive-date= 2018-08-28|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://exiledonline.com/russias-original-gangstas-meet-the-gopniki/|title= Russia's original gangstas: meet the gopniki|date= 22 July 2011|publisher= |access-date= 5 November 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181111034203/http://exiledonline.com/russias-original-gangstas-meet-the-gopniki/|archive-date= 11 November 2018|url-status= dead}}</ref> As of the late 2010s, the subculture has faded for the most part, although youth gangs (such as the [[A.U.E.]]) that resemble gopniks still exist in Russia and in other Slavic and Baltic countries.
' |
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Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-parser-output"><p>HARDBASS BLYAT CYKAAAAAAAAAA VODKA KVASS COMRADE
A <b>gopnik</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru" title="Russian language text">го́пник</span>, <small>IPA: </small><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[ˈɡopnʲɪk]</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: <span lang="uk">Гопники</span>, <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a>: <span lang="be">гопнік</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> is a member of a <a href="/wiki/Subculture" title="Subculture">subculture</a> in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Post-Soviet_states" title="Post-Soviet states">former Soviet republics</a> - a young man (or a woman) of lower-class families that usually live in Russian suburban areas (usually <a href="/wiki/Millennials" title="Millennials">Millennials</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> coming from families of poor education and income.<sup id="cite_ref-moscowtimes_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moscowtimes-3">[3]</a></sup> The female form is <i>gopnitsa</i> (Russian: <span lang="ru">го́пница</span>) and the collective noun is <i>gopota</i> (Russian: <span lang="ru">гопота́</span>). The subculture of gopniks has its roots in the late <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> and evolved during the 20th century in many cities in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup> As of the late 2010s, the subculture has faded for the most part, although youth gangs (such as the <a href="/wiki/A.U.E." title="A.U.E.">A.U.E.</a>) that resemble gopniks still exist in Russia and in other Slavic and Baltic countries.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Etymology"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Etymology</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Stereotypical_appearance_and_behaviour"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Stereotypical appearance and behaviour</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Similar_subcultures"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Similar subcultures</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Etymology">Etymology</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gopnik&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Gopnik is most likely derived from the Russian slang term for a <a href="/wiki/Robbery" title="Robbery">street robbery</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gop-stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Gop-stop">gop-stop</a> (Russian: <span lang="ru">гоп-стоп</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-Brit_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brit-6">[6]</a></sup>
</p><p>However, it could also be related to <i>GOP</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Acronym" title="Acronym">acronym</a> for the <i>Gorodskoye Obshchestvo Prizreniya</i>. These were <a href="/wiki/Almshouse" title="Almshouse">almshouses</a> for the destitute created by the Bolshevik government after the <a href="/wiki/October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a> in 1917. According to <i><a href="/wiki/Explanatory_Dictionary_of_the_Living_Great_Russian_Language" title="Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language">Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary</a></i>, a Russian <a href="/wiki/Explanatory_dictionary" title="Explanatory dictionary">explanatory dictionary</a> (first published in the 19th century), an old slang word for "sleeping on street" was "гопать" (literally, "to gop") something that was related to the "mazuricks" or the criminals of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brit_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brit-6">[6]</a></sup>
</p><p>One of the first appearances of “gopnik” in written text is in <a href="/wiki/Zoopark" title="Zoopark">Zoopark</a>'s (pioneering Soviet rock band) 1984 song “Gopniki.”<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:182px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Gopnikslav_(cropped).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Gopnikslav_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Gopnikslav_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="thumbimage" srcset="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Gopnikslav_%28cropped%29.jpg/270px-Gopnikslav_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Gopnikslav_%28cropped%29.jpg/360px-Gopnikslav_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="381" data-file-height="508" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Gopnikslav_(cropped).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A gopnik squatting.</div></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Stereotypical_appearance_and_behaviour">Stereotypical appearance and behaviour</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gopnik&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Stereotypical appearance and behaviour">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Gopniks are often seen <a href="/wiki/Slav_squat" class="mw-redirect" title="Slav squat">squatting</a> in groups "in court" (на корта́х) or "doing the crab" (на крабе) outside blocks of flats or schools with their heels on the ground.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gop_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gop-9">[9]</a></sup> It is described as a learned behavior attributed to Russian prison culture to avoid sitting on the cold ground.<sup id="cite_ref-gop_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gop-9">[9]</a></sup>
</p><p>Gopniks are often seen wearing <a href="/wiki/Adidas" title="Adidas">Adidas</a> or <a href="/wiki/Puma_(brand)" title="Puma (brand)">Puma</a> tracksuits (mostly Adidas), which were popularized by the <a href="/wiki/1980_Moscow_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="1980 Moscow Olympics">1980 Moscow Olympics</a> Soviet team.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sunflower_seed" title="Sunflower seed">Sunflower seeds</a> (colloquially <i>semki</i> (семки) or <i>semechki</i> (семечки)) are habitually eaten by gopniks, especially in <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>. Gopniks can also be seen wearing flat caps and Adidas backpacks.
</p><p>Gopniks are often associated with cheap alcohol, such as low-quality <a href="/wiki/Vodka" title="Vodka">vodka</a> and light beer, cheap cigarettes, low-end <a href="/wiki/Mobile_device" title="Mobile device">mobile devices</a>, and sometimes firearms. They also utilize common <a href="/wiki/Mat_(Russian_profanity)" title="Mat (Russian profanity)">Russian profanities</a> and often behave rudely. Gopniks favor <a href="/wiki/VAZ-2101" title="VAZ-2101">Lada Classics</a> as their primary means of transport.
</p><p>The subculture is stereotypically associated with <a href="/wiki/Russian_chanson" title="Russian chanson">Russian chanson</a> music, specifically the <a href="/wiki/Blatnaya_pesnya" title="Blatnaya pesnya">blatnaya pesnya</a> subgenre (prisoner's songs, lyrics etc...); also, since the mid-2010s, in internet memes and viral videos, with <a href="/wiki/Hardbass" title="Hardbass">hardbass</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian rock">Russian rock</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p>Some gopniks have <a href="/wiki/Russian_nationalism" title="Russian nationalism">Russian nationalism</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pan-Slavism" title="Pan-Slavism">Pan-Slavism</a> as their primary political views<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup>, though there are also <a href="/wiki/Leftist" class="mw-redirect" title="Leftist">leftist</a> or even <a href="/wiki/Far-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-right">far-right</a> gopnik communities. Some gopniks hold strong <a href="/wiki/Anti-Western_sentiment" title="Anti-Western sentiment">anti-Western</a> views.<sup id="cite_ref-moscowtimes_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moscowtimes-3">[3]</a></sup>
</p><p>Gopniks are sometimes avid video gamers, especially online <a href="/wiki/First-person_shooter" title="First-person shooter">first-person shooters</a> such as <i><a href="/wiki/Counter_Strike:_Global_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter Strike: Global Offensive">Counter Strike: Global Offensive</a></i>.
</p>
<div style="clear:both;"></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Similar_subcultures">Similar subcultures</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gopnik&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Similar subcultures">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="div-col columns column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 18em; -webkit-column-width: 18em; column-width: 18em;">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombardier" class="mw-disambig" title="Bombardier">Bombardier</a> (Romania)</li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotu_(slang)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lotu (slang) (page does not exist)">Lotu (slang)</a> (Azerbaijan)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ah_Beng" title="Ah Beng">Ah Beng</a> (Malaysia and Singapore)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mat_Rempit" title="Mat Rempit">Mat Rempit</a> (Malaysia)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ars_(slang)" title="Ars (slang)">Ars (slang)</a> (Israel)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%B1%C3%AD" title="Cañí">Cañí</a> (Spain) or <a href="/wiki/Cani" class="mw-disambig" title="Cani">cani</a>, a slur against <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romani people</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chata" title="Chata">Chata</a> (Costa Rica)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chav" title="Chav">Chav</a> (United Kingdom)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cholo" title="Cholo">Cholo</a> (Mexico)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dizela%C5%A1i" title="Dizelaši">Dizelaši</a> (Serbia)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dresiarz" title="Dresiarz">Dresiarz</a> (Poland)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Eshays_(Australian_Subculture)" title="Eshays (Australian Subculture)">Eshays</a> (Australia)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Flaite" title="Flaite">Flaite</a> (Chile)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gabber" title="Gabber">Gabber</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tokkie" title="Tokkie">tokkie</a> (Netherlands)</li>
<li>Geng/<a href="/wiki/Preman_(Indonesian_gangster)" title="Preman (Indonesian gangster)">Preman</a> (Indonesia)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jologs" title="Jologs">Jologs</a> (Philippines)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kazan_phenomenon" title="Kazan phenomenon">Kazan phenomenon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Malandro" class="mw-redirect" title="Malandro">Malandro</a> (Brazil)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ned_(Scottish)" title="Ned (Scottish)">Ned (Scottish)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Plancha" class="mw-redirect" title="Plancha">Plancha</a> (Uruguay)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Raggare" title="Raggare">Raggare</a> (Sweden/Norway))</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Roadman" class="mw-redirect" title="Roadman">Roadman</a> (UK/England)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Smick" title="Smick">Smick</a>/<a href="/wiki/Spide" class="mw-redirect" title="Spide">Spide</a>/<a href="/wiki/Steek" title="Steek">Steek</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jant (page does not exist)">Jant</a> (Northern Ireland)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tapori_(word)" title="Tapori (word)">Tapori</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mawali" class="mw-redirect" title="Mawali">Mawali</a> (India)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Thief_in_law" title="Thief in law">Thief in law</a> (Soviet Union)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yob_(slang)" title="Yob (slang)">Yob (slang)</a> (United Kingdom and others)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Zef" title="Zef">Zef</a> (South Africa)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Yank%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Yankī">Yankī</a> (Japan)</li>
<li>Mitra/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Basofe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basofe (page does not exist)">Basofe</a> (Portugal)</li></ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gopnik&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_stereotype" title="Ethnic stereotype">Ethnic stereotype</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gopnik&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="/media/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="/media/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></td>
<td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <i><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Gopnik" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gopnik"><span style="">Gopnik</span></a></b></i>.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Russian plural гопники (<i>gopniki</i>), also гопота (<i>gopota</i>), and гопари (<i>gopari</i>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y90yaLFoYoA">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y90yaLFoYoA</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200327133433/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y90yaLFoYoA">Archived</a> 2020-03-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beiträge der Europäischen Slavistischen Linguistik (POLYSLAV)., <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y90yaLFoYoA">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y90yaLFoYoA</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200327133433/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y90yaLFoYoA">Archived</a> 2020-03-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Volume 8, 2005, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r951705291">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/media/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/media/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/media/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/media/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-87690-924-4" title="Special:BookSources/3-87690-924-4">3-87690-924-4</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qpnjAAAAMAAJ&q=%D1%87%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&dq=%D1%87%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjiqf7d1_DJAhUS5GMKHXYFC70Q6AEIJDAB">p. 237</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160508160718/https://books.google.com/books?id=qpnjAAAAMAAJ&q=%D1%87%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&dq=%D1%87%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjiqf7d1_DJAhUS5GMKHXYFC70Q6AEIJDAB">Archived</a> 2016-05-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-moscowtimes-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-moscowtimes_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moscowtimes_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMichele_A._Berdy2014" class="citation news cs1">Michele A. Berdy (2014-04-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2014/04/10/thugs-rednecks-nationalists-understanding-russias-gopnik-culture-a33852">"Thugs, Rednecks, Nationalists: Understanding Russia's Gopnik Culture"</a>. Moscow Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Thugs%2C+Rednecks%2C+Nationalists%3A+Understanding+Russia%27s+Gopnik+Culture&rft.date=2014-04-10&rft.au=Michele+A.+Berdy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themoscowtimes.com%2F2014%2F04%2F10%2Fthugs-rednecks-nationalists-understanding-russias-gopnik-culture-a33852&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGopnik" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/><br /><cite id="CITEREFAnastasiya_Fedorova2014" class="citation news cs1">Anastasiya Fedorova (2014-07-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2014/07/30/an-ode-to-russias-ugly-mean-suburbs-a37840">"An Ode to Russia's Ugly, Mean Suburbs"</a>. Moscow Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=An+Ode+to+Russia%27s+Ugly%2C+Mean+Suburbs&rft.date=2014-07-30&rft.au=Anastasiya+Fedorova&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themoscowtimes.com%2F2014%2F07%2F30%2Fan-ode-to-russias-ugly-mean-suburbs-a37840&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGopnik" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180828023429/https://weirdrussia.com/2014/04/24/slav-squat-russian-disturbing-street-trend/">"Slav Squat – Russian Disturbing Street Trend"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://weirdrussia.com/2014/04/24/slav-squat-russian-disturbing-street-trend/">the original</a> on 2018-08-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-11-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Slav+Squat+%E2%80%93+Russian+Disturbing+Street+Trend&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweirdrussia.com%2F2014%2F04%2F24%2Fslav-squat-russian-disturbing-street-trend%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGopnik" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181111034203/http://exiledonline.com/russias-original-gangstas-meet-the-gopniki/">"Russia's original gangstas: meet the gopniki"</a>. 22 July 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://exiledonline.com/russias-original-gangstas-meet-the-gopniki/">the original</a> on 11 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia%27s+original+gangstas%3A+meet+the+gopniki&rft.date=2011-07-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fexiledonline.com%2Frussias-original-gangstas-meet-the-gopniki%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGopnik" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Brit-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brit_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brit_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adelanta.info/news/england12/index2008/07/17/3090.html">"Британский исследовательский центр предлагает отказаться от слова "гопник<span class="cs1-kern-right">"</span>"</a>. Англия, Великобритания: энциклопедия, новости, фото. Всё об Англии и про Англию. Аделанта. July 17, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120907075412/http://adelanta.info/news/england12/index2008/07/17/3090.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 7, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 30,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%BE%D1%82+%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0+%22%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%22&rft.pub=%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F%2C+%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%3A+%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F%2C+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%2C+%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE.+%D0%92%D1%81%D1%91+%D0%BE%D0%B1+%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE+%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8E.+%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0&rft.date=2008-07-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadelanta.info%2Fnews%2Fengland12%2Findex2008%2F07%2F17%2F3090.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGopnik" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.calvertjournal.com/articles/show/7350/gopniks-slavs-squatting-memes">"Opinion: Can Slav and gopnik memes do real damage?"</a>. <i>The Calvert Journal</i>. 13 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Calvert+Journal&rft.atitle=Opinion%3A+Can+Slav+and+gopnik+memes+do+real+damage%3F&rft.date=2016-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.calvertjournal.com%2Farticles%2Fshow%2F7350%2Fgopniks-slavs-squatting-memes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGopnik" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFlynnKayOldfield2008" class="citation book cs1">Flynn, Moya; Kay, Rebecca; Oldfield, Jonathan D. (1 June 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171212033143/https://books.google.ie/books?id=ta4EAQAAIAAJ&q=gopnik+-adam+-alison+russia&dq=gopnik+-adam+-alison+russia&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjQzZHGw4LYAhWMBcAKHSbaCUo4ChDoAQguMAE"><i>Trans-national issues, local concerns and meanings of post-socialism: insights from Russia, Central Eastern Europe, and beyond</i></a>. University Press of America. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0761840559" title="Special:BookSources/0761840559"><bdi>0761840559</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.ie/books?id=ta4EAQAAIAAJ&q=gopnik+-adam+-alison+russia&dq=gopnik+-adam+-alison+russia&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjQzZHGw4LYAhWMBcAKHSbaCUo4ChDoAQguMAE">the original</a> on 12 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2017</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trans-national+issues%2C+local+concerns+and+meanings+of+post-socialism%3A+insights+from+Russia%2C+Central+Eastern+Europe%2C+and+beyond&rft.pub=University+Press+of+America&rft.date=2008-06-01&rft.isbn=0761840559&rft.aulast=Flynn&rft.aufirst=Moya&rft.au=Kay%2C+Rebecca&rft.au=Oldfield%2C+Jonathan+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.ie%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dta4EAQAAIAAJ%26q%3Dgopnik%2B-adam%2B-alison%2Brussia%26dq%3Dgopnik%2B-adam%2B-alison%2Brussia%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwjQzZHGw4LYAhWMBcAKHSbaCUo4ChDoAQguMAE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGopnik" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-gop-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gop_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gop_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ханипов Р. «Гопники» – значение понятия, и элементы репрезентации субкультуры «гопников» в России // "Social Identities in Transforming Societies"</span>
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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170506122902/http://weirdrussia.com/2015/01/04/why-is-adidas-so-popular-among-russians/">"Why is Adidas so Popular Among Russians?"</a>. 4 January 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://weirdrussia.com/2015/01/04/why-is-adidas-so-popular-among-russians/">the original</a> on 6 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+is+Adidas+so+Popular+Among+Russians%3F&rft.date=2015-01-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweirdrussia.com%2F2015%2F01%2F04%2Fwhy-is-adidas-so-popular-among-russians%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGopnik" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAnastasiia_Fedorova2014" class="citation news cs1">Anastasiia Fedorova (2014-05-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2014/may/28/russia-suburbs-creative-hotspots-photography-art-fashion">"Russia's suburbs lack charm ... which may be why they're creative hotspots"</a>. Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200115055721/https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2014/may/28/russia-suburbs-creative-hotspots-photography-art-fashion">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-01-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-11-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Russia%E2%80%99s+suburbs+lack+charm+...+which+may+be+why+they%27re+creative+hotspots&rft.date=2014-05-28&rft.au=Anastasiia+Fedorova&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcities%2F2014%2Fmay%2F28%2Frussia-suburbs-creative-hotspots-photography-art-fashion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGopnik" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r951705291"/></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | 1600099960 |
