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{{Infobox person
| name = Dorothy Marry
| image = Dorothy Dandridge Cain's Hundred 1962.jpg
| caption = Dandridge in ''[[Cain's Hundred]]'' (1962)
| birth_name = Dorothy Jean Dandridge
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1922|11|09|mf=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Cleveland, Ohio]], U.S.
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1965|09|08|1922|10|08|mf=yes}}
| death_place = [[West Hollywood, California]], U.S.
| death_cause = [[Embolism]]<ref name="EBONY">{{cite magazine|title=Dorothy Dandridge Hollywood's Tragic Enigma|last=Robinson|first=Louie|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IjAJ7Wl1voUC&pg=PA70|date=March 1966|magazine=Ebony|pages=71|access-date=2012-09-10}}</ref><ref name="Gorney">{{cite news|title=The Fragile Flame of Dorothy Dandridge; Remembering the Shattered Life Of a Beautiful 1950s Movie Star|last=Gorney|first=Cynthia|date=February 9, 1988|newspaper=Washington Post|page=E2}}</ref>
| resting_place = [[Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)|Forest Lawn Memorial Park]], [[Glendale, California]], U.S.
| years_active = 1933–1965
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|singer|dancer}}
| spouse = {{ubl|{{marriage|[[Harold Nicholas]]|1942|1951|reason=divorced}}|{{marriage|Jack Denison|1959|1962|reason=divorced}}}}
| children = 1
| parents = [[Ruby Dandridge]] (mother)
| relatives = {{ubl|[[Vivian Dandridge]] (sister)|[[Nayo Wallace]] (grandniece)}}
}}
'''Dorothy Jean Dandridge''' (November 9, 1922 – September 8, 1965) was an American actress, singer, and dancer. She is the first African-American film star to be nominated for the [[Academy Award for Best Actress]], which was for her performance in ''[[Carmen Jones (film)|Carmen Jones]]'' (1954).<ref>{{cite book|last=Potter|first=Joan|title=African American Firsts: Famous Little-Known and Unsung Triumphs of Blacks in America|publisher=Kensington Books|year=2002|page=81|isbn=0-7582-0243-1}}</ref> Dandridge performed as a vocalist in venues such as the [[Cotton Club]] and the [[Apollo Theater]]. During her early career, she performed as a part of The Wonder Children, later [[Dandridge Sisters|The Dandridge Sisters]], and appeared in a succession of films, usually in uncredited roles.
In 1959, Dandridge was nominated for a [[Golden Globe Award]] for ''[[Porgy and Bess (film)|Porgy and Bess]]''. She is the subject of the 1999 [[HBO]] biographical film, ''[[Introducing Dorothy Dandridge]]''. She has been recognized with a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]]. Dandridge was married and divorced twice, first to dancer [[Harold Nicholas]] (the father of her daughter, Harolyn Suzanne) and then to hotel owner Jack Denison. Dandridge died under mysterious circumstances at age 42.<ref name ="African American actresses">{{cite book|first=Bob|last=McCann|title=Encyclopedia of black actresses in film and television|publisher=McFarland & Company|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X7ZYsnTPIhwC&pg=PA87|pages=87–90|year=2010|access-date=2011-01-29|isbn=978-0-7864-5804-2}}</ref>
== Early life ==
Dandridge was born in [[Cleveland, Ohio]], to entertainer [[Ruby Dandridge]] (née Butler; 1900–1987) and Cyril Dandridge (1895–1989),<ref name='Ohio-Cyril'>{{cite web |url=http://www.ancestry.com |title= Ohio Deaths 1908–1932, 1938–1944, and 1958–2002 [database on-line] |publisher= The Generations Network |location=[[United States]] |access-date=2009-05-02}}</ref><ref name='SSDI-Cyrus'>{{cite web |url=http://www.ancestry.com |title= Social Security Death Index [database on-line] |publisher= The Generations Network |location=[[United States]] |access-date=2009-05-02}}</ref> a [[Cabinetry|cabinetmaker]] and [[Baptists|Baptist]] [[Minister (Christianity)|minister]]. Her parents separated just before her birth.
Ruby created a song-and-dance act for her two young daughters, Vivian and Dorothy, under the name The Wonder Children. The act was managed by her lover, Geneva Williams.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-09-01-9709020002-story.html|title=Dorothy Dandridge's Story A Hollywood Tragedy|date=September 1, 1997|work=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> Williams was said to have had a bad temper and to have cruelly disciplined the children.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|last=Maslin|first=Janet|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/06/19/movies/hollywood-s-tryst-with-dorothy-dandridge-inspires-real-love-at-last.html|title=Hollywood's Tryst With Dorothy Dandridge Inspires Real Love at Last|date=1997-06-19|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The sisters toured the Southern United States almost nonstop for five years (rarely attending school), while Ruby worked and performed in Cleveland.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Taylor|first1=Quintard |first2=Wilson|last2=Moore|first3=Shirley|last3=Ann |title=African American Women Confront the West|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|year=2003|page=239|isbn=0-8061-3524-7}}</ref>
During the [[Great Depression]], work virtually dried up for the Dandridges, as it did for many [[Chitlin' Circuit]] performers. Ruby moved to [[Hollywood, California]], where she found steady work on radio and film in small domestic-servant parts. After that relocation, in 1930, Dorothy attended McKinley Junior High School.<ref name="pc">{{cite news|title=Dorothy Dandridge Stars in Paramount Picture and Ellington-Anderson Stage Show "Jump For Joy"|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5027008/the_pittsburgh_courier/|agency=The Pittsburgh Courier|date=August 9, 1941|location=Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh|page=20| via = [[Ancestry.com#Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] |access-date = April 21, 2016}} {{Open access}}</ref>
The Wonder Children were renamed [[Dandridge Sisters|The Dandridge Sisters]] in 1934, and Dandridge and her sister were teamed with dance schoolmate Etta Jones.<ref name=":1" />
== Career ==
=== Beginnings ===
The Dandridge Sisters continued strong for several years, and were booked in several high-profile nightclubs, including the [[Cotton Club]] and the [[Apollo Theater]].<ref name="Mills 1999 50">{{harvnb|Mills|1999|page=50}}</ref> Dandridge's first on-screen appearance was a small part in an [[Our Gang]] comedy short, ''[[Teacher's Beau]]'' in 1935.<ref>{{cite book|last=Maltin|first=Leonard |author2=Bann, Richard W. |title=The Little Rascals: The Life and Times of Our Gang|publisher=Crown|year=1993|pages=279|isbn=0-517-58325-9}}</ref> As a part of The Dandridge Sisters, she also appeared in ''[[The Big Broadcast of 1936]]'' (1936) with [[Bill Robinson|Bill "Bojangles" Robinson]], ''[[A Day at the Races (film)|A Day at the Races]]'' with the [[Marx Brothers]], and ''[[It Can't Last Forever]]'' (both 1937) with the Jackson Brothers.<ref>{{cite book|last=Carney Smith|first=Jessie|author2=Palmisano, Joseph M. |title=Reference Library of Black America|publisher=African American Publications, Proteus Enterprises|year=2000|pages=858}}</ref> Although these appearances were relatively minor, Dandridge continued to earn recognition through continuing her nightclub performances nationwide.
Dandridge's first credited film role was in ''[[Four Shall Die]]'' (1940). The [[race film]] cast her as a murderer and did little for her film career. Because of her rejection of stereotypical black roles, she had limited options for film roles.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of African American history, 1896 to the present : from the age of segregation to the twenty-first century|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofaf0003unse_v7p7|url-access=registration|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|others=Finkelman, Paul, 1949-|isbn=978-0-19-539768-0|location=New York|oclc=416601965}}</ref> She had small roles in ''[[Lady from Louisiana]]'' with [[John Wayne]] and ''[[Sundown (1941 film)|Sundown]]'' with [[Gene Tierney]] (both in 1941). Dandridge appeared as part of a Specialty Number, "[[Chattanooga Choo Choo]]", in the hit 1941 musical ''[[Sun Valley Serenade]]'' for [[20th Century Fox]]. The film marked the first time she performed with the [[Nicholas Brothers]].<ref name="Dorothy">{{cite news|title=Dorothy Dandridge: A Bio of the 1950s Screen Siren|url=http://voices.yahoo.com/dorothy-dandridge-bio-1950s-screen-siren-331143.html|access-date=September 26, 2013|newspaper=[[Yahoo! Voices]]|date=May 9, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729021524/http://voices.yahoo.com/dorothy-dandridge-bio-1950s-screen-siren-331143.html|archive-date=2014-07-29|url-status=dead}}</ref> Aside from her film appearances, Dandridge appeared in a succession of "[[soundies]]" – film clips that were displayed on jukeboxes, including "Paper Doll" by the [[Mills Brothers]], "Cow, Cow Boogie", "Jig in the Jungle", and "Mr. and Mrs. Carpenter's Rent Party" also called "Swing for my Supper", among others. These films were noted not only for showcasing Dandridge as singer and dancer and her acting abilities, but also for featuring a strong emphasis on her physical attributes.
She continued to appear occasionally in films and on the stage throughout the rest of the 1940s, and though performing as a band singer in some good company, [[Count Basie]] in [[Hit Parade of 1943]] and [[Louis Armstrong]], [[Atlantic City (1944 film)|Atlantic City]] 1944 and [[Pillow to Post]] 1945. In 1951, Dandridge appeared as Melmendi, Queen of the Ashuba in ''[[Tarzan's Peril]]'', starring [[Lex Barker]] and [[Virginia Huston]]. When the [[Motion Picture Production Code]] ''tut-tutted'' about the film's "blunt sexuality",{{Citation needed|date=March 2015}} Dandridge received considerable attention for wearing what was considered "provocatively revealing" clothing.{{Citation needed|date=March 2015}} The continuing publicity buzz surrounding Dandridge's wardrobe got her pictured on the [https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/5a/bb/e2/5abbe25b4be9a82b181f9f86e97a4eab.jpg April 1951 cover] of [[Ebony (magazine)|Ebony]]. That same year, she had a supporting role in ''[[The Harlem Globetrotters (film)|The Harlem Globetrotters]]'' (1951).
In May 1951, Dandridge spectacularly opened at the [[Mocambo (nightclub)|Mocambo]] nightclub in [[West Hollywood, California|West Hollywood]] after assiduous coaching and decisions on style with pianist [[Phil Moore (jazz musician)|Phil Moore]].{{efn|Dandridge opened at the Mocambo on May 7, 1951. She gave the club its biggest opening in its history.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://dandridgelove.tumblr.com/post/80812325240/dorothy-dandridge-performing-at-the-mocambo-in|title=Adoringly Dorothy Dandridge |website = Tumblr}}</ref>}} This success seemed a new turn to her career and she appeared in New York and at [[Café de Paris (London)|Café de Paris]] in London with equal success.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.womeninhistoryohio.com/dorothy-dandridge.html|website=Women in History, Ohio|title=Dorothy Dandridge}}</ref> In a return engagement at the Mocambo in December 1952, a [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] studio agent saw Dandridge and recommended to production chief [[Dore Schary]] that she might make an appearance as a club singer, in her own name, in ''[[Remains to Be Seen (film)|Remains to Be Seen]]'', already in production. Her acquaintance with Dore Schary resulted in his casting Dandridge as Jane Richards in ''[[Bright Road]]''—her first starring role, projecting herself as a "wonderful, emotional actress"—which the [[Trailer (promotion)|trailer]] was to later promote. The film, which centered on a teacher's struggles to reach out to a troubled student, marked the first time Dandridge appeared in a film opposite [[Harry Belafonte]]. She continued her performances in nightclubs thereafter and appeared on multiple early television variety shows, including [[Ed Sullivan]]'s ''Toast of the Town''.<ref name="bright">{{cite web|title=Bright Road|url=http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/133206%7C17734/Bright-Road.html|work=tcm.com|access-date=September 23, 2013}}</ref>
=== ''Carmen Jones'' and 20th Century-Fox ===
In 1953, a nationwide talent search arose as 20th Century Fox began the process of casting the all-black musical film adaptation of [[Oscar Hammerstein II]]'s 1943 [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] [[musical theatre|musical]] ''[[Carmen Jones]]'', conceptually [[Georges Bizet]]'s opera ''[[Carmen]]'' updated to a [[World War II]]-era African-American setting. Under consideration, but available to director and writer [[Otto Preminger]] to view for suitability was Dandridge's starring role from the previous year, ''Bright Road.'' This performance, and the general audience's acquaintance with it, did not find Preminger considering Dandridge for Carmen, feeling her presentation in 'Bright Road' would be better suited for the smaller role of the quiet Cindy Lou. Dandridge, recalling her experiences of having to ''dress down'' to the demure school teacher for the screen tests of 'Bright Road', outrageously worked on and created a look with the aid of [[Max Factor]] make-up artists, to obtain the appearance and character of the earthy title role Carmen, and confronted Preminger in his executive office. With this meeting, and a subsequent viewing of her freer, looser appearances in the 'soundies' material,<ref>{{cite web|postscript=, a 1941 [[soundie]]|title=Easy Street|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4e24-bimFpw&t=19s|via=YouTube}}</ref> Preminger gave her the role. The remainder of the cast was completed with [[Harry Belafonte]], [[Pearl Bailey]], [[Brock Peters]], [[Diahann Carroll]], [[Madame Sul-Te-Wan]] (uncredited), Olga James, and Joe Adams.<ref>{{cite book|last=Green|first=Stanley |author2=Schmidt, Elaine|title=Hollywood Musicals: Year by Year|publisher=Hal Leonard|year=2000|pages=189|isbn=0-634-00765-3}}</ref>
Despite Dandridge's recognition as a singer, the studio wanted an operatic voice, so Dandridge's voice was dubbed by operatic vocalist [[Marilyn Horne]] for the film. ''Carmen Jones'' opened to favorable reviews and strong box-office returns on October 28, 1954, earning $70,000 during its first week and $50,000 during its second. Dandridge's performance as the seductive leading actress made her one of Hollywood's first African-American [[sex symbol]]s and earned her positive reviews. On November 1, 1954, Dorothy Dandridge became the [http://40.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lneharwPgw1qlaando1_500.jpg first black woman featured] on the cover of ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]''. As [[Walter Winchell]] recalled, her performance was "bewitching" and ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' said her "performance maintains the right hedonistic note throughout".<ref>{{cite book | last=McClary | first=Susan | title=Georges Bizet: Carmen | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=1992 | pages=133 | isbn=0-521-39897-5}} On November 1, 1954, Dorothy Dandridge became the first black woman featured on the cover of ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]''</ref>
''Carmen Jones'' became a worldwide success, eventually earning over $10 million at the box office and becoming one of the year's highest-earning films. Dandridge was nominated for an [[Academy Award for Best Actress]], becoming the first African-American nominated for a leading role. At the [[27th Academy Awards]] held on March 30, 1955, Dandridge shared her Oscar nomination with [[Grace Kelly]], [[Audrey Hepburn]], [[Judy Garland]], and [[Jane Wyman]]. Although Kelly won the award for her performance in ''[[The Country Girl (1954 film)|The Country Girl]]'', Dandridge became an overnight sensation. At the 1955 Oscar ceremony, Dandridge presented the [[Academy Award for Best Film Editing|Academy Award for Film Editing]] to ''[[On the Waterfront]]'' editor Gene Milford.
On February 15, 1955, Dandridge signed a three-movie deal with 20th Century Fox starting at $75,000 a film. [[Darryl F. Zanuck]], the studio head, had personally suggested the studio sign Dandridge to a contract. Zanuck had big plans for her, hoping she would evolve into the first African-American screen icon. He purchased the film rights to ''[[The Blue Angel]]'' and intended to cast her as saloon singer Lola-Lola in an all-black remake of the original 1930 film. She was also scheduled to star as Cigarette in a remake of ''[[Under Two Flags (1936 film)|Under Two Flags]]''. Meanwhile, Dandridge agreed to play the role of Tuptim in a film version of ''[[The King and I (1956 film)|The King and I]]'' and a sultry upstairs neighbor in ''[[The Lieutenant Wore Skirts]]''. However, her former director and now-lover [[Otto Preminger]], suggested she accept only leading roles. As an international star, Dorothy Dandridge rejected the two lesser roles and they were eventually given to [[Puerto Ricans|Puerto Rican]] actress [[Rita Moreno]].<ref name="Dorothy" />{{unreliable source?|date=September 2015}}
On April 11, 1955, Dandridge became the first black performer to open at the Empire Room inside New York's [[Waldorf Astoria New York|Waldorf-Astoria]] hotel.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=April 28, 1955|title=Dandridge Wins Raves In Waldorf Debut|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7rEDAAAAMBAJ&q=dorothy+dandridge+empire+room+jet&pg=PA59|journal=Jet|pages=59}}</ref> Her success as a headliner led to the hotel booking other black performers such as the [[Count Basie Orchestra]] with vocalist [[Joe Williams (jazz singer)|Joe Williams]], Pearl Bailey, and [[Lena Horne]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gavin|first=James|url=https://archive.org/details/stormyweatherlif00gavi|url-access=registration|title=Stormy Weather: The Life of Lena Horne|date=2009-06-23|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-1-4391-6425-9|pages=[https://archive.org/details/stormyweatherlif00gavi/page/259 259]|language=en}}</ref>
=== Hollywood Research, Inc. trial ===
In 1957, Dandridge sued ''[[Confidential (magazine)|Confidential]]'' for libel over its article that described a scandalous incident, fictitious as it turned out, that it claimed occurred in 1950. In May 1957, she accepted an out-of-court settlement of $10,000.<ref>Henry E. Scott (Pantheon, 1st reprint edition, January 19, 2010), ''Shocking True Story: The Rise and Fall of Confidential, "America's Most Scandalous Scandal Magazine'', p. 167. After cashing Harrison's check, Dandridge testified for the prosecution anyway.</ref>
Dandridge was one of the few Hollywood stars who testified at the 1957 criminal libel trial of Hollywood Research, Inc., the company that published ''Confidential'' and other tabloid magazines from that era.<ref name="Wilson 1998 53–68">{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=Theo |title=Headline Justice: Inside the Courtroom — the Country's Most Controversial Trials|publisher=Thunder's Mouth Press|year=1998|pages=53–68|isbn=978-1-56025-193-4}}</ref> Four months after her out-of-court settlement for $10,000, she and actress [[Maureen O'Hara]], the only other star who testified at the criminal trial, were photographed shaking hands outside the downtown-Los Angeles courtroom where the highly publicized trial was held.<ref name="Wilson 1998 53–68" /> Testimony from O'Hara, as well as from a disgruntled former magazine editor named [[Howard Rushmore]], revealed that the magazines published false information provided by hotel maids, clerks, and movie-theater ushers who were paid for their tips. The stories with questionable veracity most often centered around alleged incidents of casual sex. When the jury and press visited [[TCL Chinese Theatre|Grauman's Chinese Theatre]] to determine whether O'Hara could have performed various sexual acts while seated in the balcony, as reported by a magazine published by Hollywood Research, Inc., this was discovered to have been impossible.<ref name="Wilson 1998 53–68" />
Dandridge had not testified during her civil lawsuit earlier in 1957, but in September she gave testimony in the criminal trial that further strengthened the prosecution's case. Alleged by ''Confidential'' to have fornicated with a white bandleader in the woods of [[Lake Tahoe]] in 1950, she testified that racial segregation had confined her to her hotel during her nightclub engagement in the [[Nevada]] resort city.<ref name="Wilson 1998 53–68" /><ref>[http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/confidential/confidentialaccount.html The Confidential Magazine Trial: An Account by Douglas O. Linder, 2010]</ref> When she was not in the hotel lounge rehearsing or performing her singing, according to her testimony, she was required to stay inside her room where she slept alone.<ref name="Wilson 1998 53–68" /> Dandridge's testimony along with O'Hara's testimony proved beyond any doubt that Hollywood Research had committed libel at least twice. The judge ordered Hollywood Research to stop publishing questionable stories based on paid tips, and this curtailed invasive tabloid journalism until 1971, when [[Generoso Pope, Jr.]] moved the ''[[National Enquirer]]'', which he owned, from New York to [[Lantana, Florida]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ajr.org/article.asp?id=269 |title=Taming the Tabloids, by Darcie Lunsford, American Journalism Review edition of September 2000 |access-date=February 5, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607111421/http://www.ajr.org/article.asp?id=269 |archive-date=June 7, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Bernstein|first=Samuel | title=Mr. Confidential: The Man, the Magazine & the Movieland Massacre | publisher=Walford Press |year=2006|pages=306–8|isbn=0-9787671-2-8}}</ref>
== Later career ==
{{more citations needed section|date=July 2014}}
[[File:Dorothy Dandridge in The Decks Ran Red trailer.jpg|thumb|left|280px|Dandridge in ''[[The Decks Ran Red]]'' (1958)]]
In 1957, after a three-year absence from film acting, Dandridge agreed to appear in the film version of ''[[Island in the Sun (film)|Island in the Sun]]'' opposite an ensemble cast, including [[James Mason]], [[Harry Belafonte]], [[Joan Fontaine]], [[Joan Collins]], and [[Stephen Boyd]]. Dandridge portrayed a local [[India]]n shop clerk who has an interracial love affair with a white man, played by [[John Justin]]. The film was controversial for its time period, and the script was revised numerous times to accommodate the [[Motion Picture Production Code]] requirements about interracial relationships.<ref name=":2" /> There occurred, however, an extremely intimate loving embrace between Dandridge and Justin that succeeded in not breaching the code. Despite the behind-the-scenes controversy, the film received favorable reviews and was one of the year's biggest successes.<ref>{{harvnb|Rippy|2001|page= 194}}</ref>
<!--Comment: The NY Times review at the time [http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9D05E0D8143EE23BBC4B52DFB066838C649EDE] referred to Dandridge's 'Margot' as being Negro, Dandridge herself, in a "Jet" interview, referred to the character as being 'West Indian'.-->
Dandridge next agreed to star opposite German actor [[Curd Jürgens]] in the [[France|French]]/[[Italy|Italian]] production of ''[[Tamango]]'' (1958).<ref name=":2" /> A reluctant Dandridge had agreed to appear in the film only after learning that it focused on a nineteenth century slave revolt on a cargo ship travelling from Africa to Cuba. However, she nearly withdrew her involvement when the initial script called for her to swim in the nude and spend the majority of the film in a two-piece bathing suit made of rags. When Dandridge threatened to leave the film, the script and her wardrobe was retooled to her liking. United States Production code requirements did not apply to the Italian film production and the passionate kiss between Jürgens and Dandridge's character was permitted in the shooting of ''Tamango''. This gave Dandridge her first, and only, on-screen kiss with a white actor. ''Tamango'' was withheld from American release until late 1959, and received mixed reviews from critics and achieved only minor success.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nason|first=Richard|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1959/09/17/archives/tamango-from-france.html|title='Tamango' From France|date=1959-09-17|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
[[File:Stevan Kragujevic, Dorothy Dandridge & Alain Delon in Belgrade, 1962.jpg|thumb|210px|right|Dandridge with [[Alain Delon]] in [[Belgrade]] in 1962 on the set of ''La Fabuleuse Aventure de Marco Polo'', a [[Raoul Lévy]]-produced French-Italian film that was abandoned due to financial issues only to be [[Marco the Magnificent|completed several years later]] without either Dandridge or Delon.]]
In [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer|MGM]]'s ''[[The Decks Ran Red]]'' (1958), Dandridge co-starred with [[James Mason]], [[Broderick Crawford]] and [[Stuart Whitman]] as Mahia, a cook's wife aboard a large ocean liner where numerous deaths are arranged to take place.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Crowther|first=Bosley|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1958/10/11/archives/loews-state-offers-the-decks-ran-red-film-about-mutiny-on-a.html|title=Loew's State Offers 'The Decks Ran Red'; Film About Mutiny on a Freighter Arrives Broderick Crawford, James Mason in Cast|date=1958-10-11|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Despite being universally panned, the film generated a respectable audience due to the controversy surrounding Dandridge's wardrobe.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Whitaker|first=Matthew|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RSGhEUq5bp0C&q=The+Decks+Ran+Red+1958+dandridge&pg=PA204|title=Icons of Black America: Breaking Barriers and Crossing Boundaries [3 volumes]|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2011|isbn=978-0-313-37643-6|pages=204|language=en}}</ref> During production, fellow actor Stuart Whitman said that he noted her strength as she was going through personal turmoil.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Petkovich|first=Anthony|date=2013|title=Interview with Stuart Whitman|url=https://archive.org/details/Shock_Cinema_44_c2c_2013_TLK-EMPIRE|journal=Shock Cinema|volume=44|pages=[https://archive.org/details/Shock_Cinema_44_c2c_2013_TLK-EMPIRE/page/n13 12]|via=Archive}}</ref>
In late 1958, Dandridge then accepted producer [[Samuel Goldwyn]]'s offer to star in his forthcoming production of ''[[Porgy and Bess (film)|Porgy and Bess]]'', which would become her first major Hollywood film in five years. Her acceptance of the role angered the black community, who felt the story's negative stereotyping of blacks was degrading. When the initial director, [[Rouben Mamoulian]], was replaced with [[Otto Preminger]], he informed Dandridge that her performance was not credible, and that she needed intensive coaching to handle such a role. ''Porgy and Bess'' had a long and costly production. All the sets and costumes were destroyed in a fire and had to be replaced, which amounted to a loss of almost $2 million. Continuous script rewrites and other problems prolonged the production and ultimately pushed the film over its original budget. When it was released in June 1959, it drew mixed reviews and failed financially.
In 1959, Dandridge starred in a low-budget British thriller, ''[[Moment of Danger|Malaga]]'', in which she played a [[Europe]]an woman with an [[Italy|Italian]] name. The film, co-starring [[Trevor Howard]] and [[Edmund Purdom]], plotted a jewel robbery and its aftermath. Some pre-release publicity invited the belief that Dandridge received her first, and only, on-screen kiss with a white actor (Howard) in this film.<ref name="JET">{{cite magazine|date= July 23, 1959|title=Dandridge Makes Toughest Movie of Her Career| magazine= JET|volume= 16| issue= 13|pages=60–61|publisher = Johnsons Publishing Company|access-date= February 8, 2011|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kEEDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA60}}</ref> This was not so since she kissed her white costar in ''Tamango'', but Dandridge and Howard, under [[László Benedek]]'s direction, created some strongly understated sexual tension. The film was withheld from a theatrical release abroad until 1960, but went unreleased in the United States until 1962. ''Malaga'' was her final completed film appearance.
In 1962, Dandridge appeared as Anita in [[Highland Park, Illinois|Highland Park]] Music Theater production of ''[[West Side Story]]'', but she only lasted two performances due to illness.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=September 6, 1962|title=Ailing Dot Bows Out After Chicago Debut|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X70DAAAAMBAJ&q=dorothy+dandridge+jet+1962+west+side&pg=PA62|journal=Jet|pages=62}}</ref>
By 1963, Dandridge's popularity had dwindled and she was performing in nightclubs to pay off debts from numerous lawsuits.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=April 18, 1963|title=Why Dorothy Dandridge Is Broke: Star's Beauty And Charm Hide Numerous Problems|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wLsDAAAAMBAJ&q=dorothy+dandridge+jet+1963&pg=PA58|journal=Jet|pages=58–62}}</ref> She filed for [[bankruptcy]] and went into seclusion before appearing as a lounge act in Las Vegas in 1964. In 1965, she attempted to revive her acting career. Dandridge signed a new contract in Mexico and was scheduled to appear as the female lead in a film based on outlaw [[Johnny Ringo]].<ref>{{Cite journal|date=September 23, 1965|title=Success Was Up And Down For Beautiful Dorothy Dandridge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_MADAAAAMBAJ&q=dorothy+dandridge+jet+1965&pg=PA59|journal=Jet|pages=59–63}}</ref>
== Personal life ==
Dandrige was a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] who supported the campaign of [[Adlai Stevenson II|Adlai Stevenson]] during the [[1952 United States presidential election|1952 presidential election]].<ref>''Motion Picture and Television Magazine'', November 1952, page 33, Ideal Publishers</ref>
Having developed an interest in activism because of the racism she encountered in the industry, Dandridge became involved with the [[National Urban League]] and the [[NAACP|National Association for the Advancement of Colored People]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of African American history, 1896 to the present : from the age of segregation to the twenty-first century|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofaf0003unse_v7p7|url-access=registration|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|others=Finkelman, Paul, 1949-|isbn=978-0-19-539768-0|location=New York|oclc=416601965}}</ref>
=== Marriages and relationships ===
During an engagement at the Cotton Club, Dandridge met dancer and entertainer [[Harold Nicholas]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Robinson|first=Louie|date=March 1966|title=Dorothy Dandridge Hollywood's Tragic Enigma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IjAJ7Wl1voUC&q=dorothy+dandridge+harold+nicholas+cotton+club&pg=PA74|journal=Ebony|pages=71–72, 74–76, 80–82}}</ref> They married at a Hollywood ceremony on September 6, 1942.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last1=Bernardi|first1=Daniel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8NgoDwAAQBAJ&q=Harold+Nicholas+on+September+6%2C+1942&pg=PA210|title=Race in American Film: Voices and Visions that Shaped a Nation [3 volumes]|last2=Green|first2=Michael|date=2017-07-07|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-39840-7|pages=210|language=en}}</ref> Guests at their wedding included Oscar-winner [[Hattie McDaniel]], jazz singer [[Etta Jones]], and choreographer Nick Castle.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dreher|first=Kwakiutl L.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=csloJrBRzFIC&q=1942+harold+dorothy+dandridge+hattie&pg=PA64|title=Dancing on the White Page: Black Women Entertainers Writing Autobiography|date=2008-01-10|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=978-0-7914-7284-2|pages=64|language=en}}</ref> However, it was an unhappy marriage which deteriorated due to Nicholas' womanizing and inattentiveness.<ref name=":1" /> By 1948, Nicholas had abandoned his family.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Holmes|first=Emory II|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1998/apr/26/magazine/tm-43024/3|title=The Flight Crew|date=1998-04-26|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=2017-11-27|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035}}{{Dead link|date=November 2019|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Dandridge filed for divorce in September 1950, it was finalized in October 1951.<ref>{{cite book|last=Regester|first=Charlene|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LGjfmAM7n4UC&q=divorced&pg=PA374|title=African American Actresses: The Struggle for Visibility, 1900–1960|year=2010|isbn=978-0-253-22192-6|page=374}}</ref>
Dandridge gave birth to her only child, Harolyn Suzanne Nicholas, on September 2, 1943.<ref name=":0" /> While in labor, Dandridge's husband left her stranded at her sister-in-law's home without the car when he went to play golf.<ref name=":2" /> At first, Dandridge refused to go to the hospital without him. Harolyn's delayed birth required the use of forceps, which possibly resulted in [[brain damage]] that left her requiring lifelong constant care.<ref>{{Harvnb|Mills|1999|page=20}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{cite magazine|last=Leavy|first=Walter|date=December 1993|title=The Mystery and Real-Life Tragedy of Dorothy Dandridge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6ssDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA38|magazine=Ebony|volume=XLIX|page=38|number=2}}</ref> Dandridge blamed herself for her daughter's condition for not getting to the hospital sooner.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":5" /> Harolyn was unable to speak and couldn't recognize Dandridge as her mother.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=Sanders|first=Charles L.|date=August 22, 1963|title=Tragic Story Of Dorothy Dandridge's Retarded Daughter: Daughter Never Recognized Actress As Mother|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_sADAAAAMBAJ&q=dorothy+dandridge%27s+daughter&pg=PA22|journal=Jet|pages=22–23}}</ref> Dandridge was private about her daughter's condition, she didn't publicly speak about it until an appearance on ''[[The Mike Douglas Show]]'' in 1963.<ref name=":4" />
While filming ''[[Carmen Jones (film)|Carmen Jones]]'' (1954), she began an affair with director [[Otto Preminger]] that lasted four years, during which Preminger advised her on career matters, demanding she accept only starring roles. Dandridge later regretted following his advice.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/thismonth/article/?cid=114172|title=Dorothy Dandridge Profile|publisher=tcm.com}}</ref> She became pregnant by him in 1955, but was forced to have an abortion by the studio.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bianco|first=Marcie|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2016/07/classic-hollywood-abortion|title=Classic Hollywood's Secret: Studios Wanted Their Stars to Have Abortions|work=HWD|access-date=2017-11-27|language=en}}</ref> She ended the affair when she realized that Preminger had no plans to leave his wife to marry her.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,270500,00.html|title=Dorothy Surrender|date=September 3, 1999|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|access-date=September 23, 2013}}</ref> Their affair was depicted in the [[HBO Films]] biopic ''[[Introducing Dorothy Dandridge]]'', in which Preminger was portrayed by [[Austrians|Austrian]] actor [[Klaus Maria Brandauer]].<ref name="Samuels" />
Dandridge married Jack Denison on June 22, 1959. They divorced in 1962 amid financial setbacks and allegations of [[domestic violence]].<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://people.com/archive/overdue-notice-vol-48-no-4/|title=Overdue Notice|last=Rogers|first=Patrick|date=July 28, 1997|website=PEOPLE.com|language=EN}}</ref> Dandridge discovered that the people who were handling her finances had swindled her out of $150,000 and she owed $139,000 in [[back taxes]]. She was forced to sell her Hollywood home and place her daughter in a state [[Psychiatric hospital|mental institution]], [[Camarillo State Mental Hospital|Camarillo State Hospital]], in [[Camarillo, California]].<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Lyman|first=Darryl|title=Great African-American women, 1944–2010|date=1999|publisher=J. David|isbn=0-8246-0412-1|location=Middle Village, NY|oclc=40403686}}</ref> Dandridge moved into a small apartment on Fountain Avenue in [[West Hollywood, California]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bogle|first=Donald|date=August 1997|title=The Last Days of Dorothy Dandridge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F2xKSaWXOTwC&q=Fountain+Avenue|journal=Ebony|pages=56}}</ref>
== Death ==
[[File:Dandridge.jpg|thumb|Tuesday afternoon, September 7, 1965, and [[Dorothy Kilgallen]]'s legendary show business column states that nightclub [[Basin Street East]] would be opening "this Friday" with a Dorothy Dandridge ''premier'' engagement.]]
On September 8, 1965, Dandridge spoke by telephone with friend and former sister-in-law Geraldine "Geri" Branton.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/114172%7C0/Starring-Dorothy-Dandridge.html|title=Dorothy Dandridge Profile|publisher=Turner Classic Movies|first=Lorraine|last=LoBianco|access-date=2011-07-17}}</ref> Dandridge was scheduled to fly to [[New York City|New York]] the next day to prepare for her nightclub engagement at [[Basin Street East]]. Branton told biographers that during the long conversation, Dandridge veered from expressing hope for the future to singing [[Barbra Streisand]]'s "[[People (1964 song)|People]]" in its entirety to making this cryptic remark moments before hanging up on her: "Whatever happens, I know you will understand."<ref name="Mills 1999 50" /> Several hours later, Dandridge was found naked and unresponsive in her apartment by her manager, Earl Mills.<ref>{{harvnb|Mills|1999|page=195}}</ref> A Los Angeles pathology institute determined that the cause of death was an accidental [[Drug overdose|overdose]] of the antidepressant [[imipramine]],<ref name="Gorney" /> while the [[Los Angeles County Coroner's Office]] concluded that she died of a [[fat embolism]] resulting from a right foot [[fractured bone|fracture]] sustained five days previously.<ref name="EBONY" />
On September 12, 1965, a private funeral service was held at the [[Little Chapel of the Flowers]];<ref name="funeral">{{harvnb|Mills|1999|page=196}}</ref> she was cremated<ref name="funeral" /> and her ashes interred in the Freedom Mausoleum at [[Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)|Forest Lawn Memorial Park]].<ref>{{cite book|first1=Patricia|last1=Brooks|first2=Jonathan|last2=Brooks|title=Laid to Rest in California|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dN5pWzZUvoMC&pg=PA86|page=86|year=2006|access-date=2011-07-17|isbn=978-0-7627-4101-4}}</ref>
== Legacy ==
It was not until the 1980s, with the passing of the [[blaxploitation]] era, that such stars as [[Cicely Tyson]], [[Jada Pinkett Smith]], [[Halle Berry]], [[Janet Jackson]], [[Whitney Houston]], [[Kimberly Elise]], [[Loretta Devine]], [[Tasha Smith]], and [[Angela Bassett]] began to acknowledge Dandridge's contribution to the image of African Americans in American motion pictures.<ref>{{cite episode|title=Cicely Tyson reflects on 'Life of Dorothy Dandridge'|series= Charlie Rose|date=August 15, 1997|url=https://charlierose.com/videos/14052}}</ref>
In 1995 movie ''[[To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar]]'', [[Wesley Snipes]] played Noxeema Jackson, a [[drag queen]] whose dream is to play Dorothy Dandridge in a movie about her life and work.<ref>{{cite book|title=LGBT Transnational Identity and the Media|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EbdfAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA241|page=241|first=Christopher|last=Pullen|year=2012|isbn = 978-0-230-37331-0}}</ref>
In 1999, [[Halle Berry]] produced and starred in the [[HBO]] movie ''[[Introducing Dorothy Dandridge]]'', for which she won the [[Primetime Emmy Award]], [[Golden Globe Award]], and [[Screen Actors Guild Award]].<ref>{{cite news|title=The Dandridge Drama|first=Mimi|last=Avins |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=August 21, 1999 |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1999/aug/21/entertainment/ca-2172}}</ref> When Berry won the [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] for her role in ''[[Monster's Ball]]'', she dedicated the "moment [to] Dorothy Dandridge, [[Lena Horne]], [[Diahann Carroll]]."<ref>[http://blackfilm.com/20020326/features/a-halleberryacceptance.shtml "Halle Berry's Acceptance Speech."] blackfilm.com. March 26, 2002.</ref> Both Dandridge and Berry were from [[Cleveland, Ohio]], and were born in the same hospital.<ref name="Samuels">{{cite magazine|title=A Legend Comes to Life|url=https://www.newsweek.com/legend-comes-life-165910|first=Allison|last=Samuels|date=August 22, 1999|magazine=Newsweek}}</ref>
She was awarded a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in January 1984<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Actress Dorothy Dandridge Honored Posthumously in Hollywood Walk of Fame|pages=55,63|magazine=[[Jet Magazine]]|date=6 Feb 1984|publisher=Johnson Publishing Company|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BbEDAAAAMBAJ&q=As+carmen+Jones+Ms.+Honored+Posthumously+an+emotion-packed+cere-+mony%2C+late+actress+Dorothy+Dandridge+was+honored+with+her+star+on+Hollywood+Walk+Fame&pg=PA55}}</ref> and appears as the most prominent figure in a mural on an exterior wall of [[Hollywood High School]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Creative Feature: #BlackMusicMonth – Dorothy Dandridge|url=http://www.sinuousmag.com/2012/06/creative-feature-black-music-month-dorothy-dandridge/|date=June 22, 2012|access-date=September 23, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927005417/http://www.sinuousmag.com/2012/06/creative-feature-black-music-month-dorothy-dandridge/|archive-date=2013-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> A statue of Dandridge designed by [[Catherine Hardwicke]] honors multiethnic leading ladies of the cinema, including [[Mae West]], [[Dolores del Río]], and [[Anna May Wong]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Dorothy Dandridge statue in Hollywood|url=http://anndandridgepublicrelations.ning.com/photo/dorothy-dandridge-statue-in|access-date=September 23, 2013}}</ref>
Recording artist [[Janelle Monáe]] performs a song entitled "Dorothy Dandridge Eyes" on her 2013 album ''[[The Electric Lady]]'', with [[Esperanza Spalding]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Janelle Monae makes an electric return|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/music/janelle-monae-makes-an-electric-return-1.1509648|date=August 30, 2013|first=Jim|last=Carroll|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref> In the 1969 movie ''[[The Lost Man]]'', a character Dorothy Starr (played by [[Beverly Todd]]) states that she named herself after Dandridge.<ref>{{cite news|title='The Lost Man' Opens Here:Poitier in Lead Role as a Black Militant Four Other Films Also Start Local Runs|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1969/06/26/archives/the-lost-man-opens-herepoitier-in-lead-role-as-a-black-militant.html|date=June 26, 1969|newspaper=The New York Times|first=Vincent|last=Canby|access-date=February 18, 2019}}</ref>
In the [[List of Black-ish episodes#38|February 2016 episode]] of ''[[Black-ish]]'', "Sink or Swim," [[Beyoncé]] is referred to as the Dorothy Dandridge of her time, citing the [[bankable star|star power]] Dandridge wielded in her day.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Black-ish recap: Sink or Swim|url=https://ew.com/recap/black-ish-season-2-episode-14/|date=February 12, 2016|first=Keertana|last=Sastry|magazine=Entertainment Weekly}}</ref>
In 2020, [[Laura Harrier]] portrayed Camille Washington in the [[Netflix]] miniseries [[Hollywood (miniseries)|''Hollywood'']], an up-and-coming actress during the [[Hollywood Golden Age]] in the post-[[World War II]] era. The character was largely inspired by and based on Dandridge.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Laura Harrier on Studying Dorothy Dandridge, Halle Berry to Play a Star on the Rise in Netflix's 'Hollywood'|url=https://variety.com/2020/tv/news/laura-harrier-hollywood-netflix-interview-ryan-murphy-dorothy-dandridge-halle-berry-1234592690/|last=Jackson|first=Angelique|date=2020-05-04|website=Variety|language=en|access-date=2020-05-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Frederick|first=Candice|date=2020-05-07|title=Laura Harrier on Rewriting Hollywood in Netflix's 'Hollywood'|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/07/arts/television/hollywood-laura-harrier-netflix.html|access-date=2020-05-16|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
== Discography ==
Dandridge first gained fame as a solo artist from her performances in nightclubs, usually accompanied by [[Phil Moore (jazz musician)|Phil Moore]] on piano. Although she was known for her renditions of songs such as "Blow Out the Candle", "[[You Do Something to Me (Cole Porter song)|You Do Something to Me]]", and "Talk Sweet Talk To Me", she recorded very little on vinyl. It is unknown whether her lack of recording was due to personal choice or lack of opportunity.
=== As part of the [[Dandridge Sisters]] singing group ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Recorded || Song title || Label || Release || Catalogue No. || Issued ||Band
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1939||"F.D.R. Jones" / "The Lady's in Love with You"||[[Parlophone]]||[[Gramophone record#78 rpm disc developments|78 rpm]]||#F1518||1939||
|-
| "[[Undecided]]" / "If I Were Sure of You"||Parlophone|| 78 rpm ||#F1541||1939||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1940|| "That's Your Red Wagon" / "You Ain't Nowhere: ||Columbia|| 78 rpm ||#28006/#28007||1940||[[Jimmie Lunceford]]
|-
|"Minnie the Moocher Is Dead" / "Ain't Going to Go to Study War No More" ||Columbia|| 78 rpm ||#26937A/#26938||1940|| Jimmie Lunceford
|-
|}
=== As a solo artist ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Recorded || Song title || Label || Release || Catalogue No. || Issued
|-
| 1944|| Watch'a Say (duet with [[Louis Armstrong]] from the film ''[[Pillow to Post]]'') ||Decca|| 78 rpm ||#L-3502||1944
|-
| 1951|| "Blow Out the Candle" / "I Can't See It Your Way" ||Columbia|| 78 rpm ||DB 2923||1951
|-
| 1953|| "[[Taking a Chance on Love]]"||MGM Records|| 78 rpm ||?||1953
|}
In 1958, she recorded a full-length album for [[Verve Records]] featuring [[Oscar Peterson]] with [[Herb Ellis]], [[Ray Brown (musician)|Ray Brown]], and [[Alvin Stoller]] (Catalogue #314 547-514 2) that remained unreleased in the vaults until a CD release in 1999. This CD also included four tracks from 1961 (with an unknown orchestra) that included one [[Gramophone record|45 rpm record]] single and another aborted single:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Recorded || Song title || Label || Release || Catalogue No. || Issued
|-
| rowspan="12" | 1958|| "[[It's Easy to Remember (And So Hard to Forget)|It's Easy to Remember]]" || rowspan="12" |Verve|| Unreleased||21942-3||1999 (CD only)
|-
|"What Is There to Say"||Unreleased||21943-6||1999 (CD only)
|-
|"[[That Old Feeling (song)|That Old Feeling]]"||Unreleased||21944-4||1999 (CD only)
|-
|"The Touch of Your Lips"||Unreleased||21945-12||1999 (CD only)
|-
|"[[When Your Lover Has Gone]]"||Unreleased||21946-1||1999 (CD only)
|-
|"[[The Nearness of You]]"||Unreleased||21947-7||1999 (CD only)
|-
|"[[I'm Glad There Is You]]"||Unreleased||21948-10||1999 (CD only)
|-
|"[[I've Grown Accustomed to Her Face]]"||Unreleased||21949-4||1999 (CD only)
|-
|"[[Body and Soul (1930 song)|Body and Soul]]"||Unreleased||21950-2||1999 (CD only)
|-
|"[[How Long Has This Been Going On?]]"||Unreleased||21951-6||1999 (CD only)
|-
|"[[I've Got a Crush on You]]"||Unreleased||21952-3||1999 (CD only)
|-
|"[[I Didn't Know What Time It Was]]"||Unreleased||21953-3||1999 (CD only)
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1961||"Somebody"|| ||45 rpm single V10231||23459-2||1961
|-
|"Stay with It"|| ||45 rpm single V10231||23460-4||1961
|-
|"It's a Beautiful Evening"|| ||Unissued single||23461-5||1961 (CD only)
|-
|"Smooth Operator"|| ||Unissued single||23462-2||1961 (CD only)
|}
The tracks "It's a Beautiful Evening" and "Smooth Operator" were aborted for release as a single and remained in the Verve vaults until the ''Smooth Operator'' release in 1999. These are the only known songs Dandridge recorded on vinyl. Several songs she sang, including her version of "[[Cow-Cow Boogie]]" were recorded on [[soundies]] and are not included on this list.
== Filmography ==
=== As an actress ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Film title
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 1935
| ''[[Teacher's Beau]]''
| Dorothy
|
|-
| 1936
| ''[[The Big Broadcast of 1936]]''
| Member of the Dandridge Sisters
|
|-
| 1937
| ''[[Easy to Take]]''
| Member of the Dandridge Sisters
| Uncredited
|-
| 1937
| ''[[It Can't Last Forever]]''
| Dandridge Sisters Act
| Uncredited
|-
| 1937
| ''[[A Day at the Races (film)|A Day at the Races]]''
| Singer/dancer in ensemble
| Uncredited
|-
| 1938
| ''[[Going Places (1938 film)|Going Places]]''
| Member of the Dandridge Sisters
| Uncredited
|-
| 1938
| ''Snow Gets in Your Eyes''
| One of the Dandridge Sisters
|
|-
| 1940
| ''[[Irene (1940 film)|Irene]]''
| The Dandridge Sisters
| Uncredited
|-
| 1940
| ''[[Four Shall Die]]''
| Helen Fielding
| Alternative title: ''Condemned Men''
|-
| 1941
| ''[[Bahama Passage]]''
| Thalia
|
|-
| 1941
| ''[[Sundown (1941 film)|Sundown]]''
| Kipsang's Bride
|
|-
| 1941
| ''[[Sun Valley Serenade]]''
| Specialty Act
| [[Chattanooga Choo Choo]] [with [[Nicholas Brothers]]]
|-
| 1941
| ''[[Lady from Louisiana]]''
| Felice
| Alternative title: ''Lady from New Orleans''
|-
| 1942
| ''[[Lucky Jordan]]''
| Hollyhock School Maid
| Uncredited
|-
| 1942
| ''[[Night in New Orleans]]''
| Sal, Shadrach's Girl
| Uncredited
|-
| 1942
| ''[[The Night Before the Divorce]]''
| Maid
| Uncredited
|-
| 1942
| ''[[Ride 'Em Cowboy (1942 film)|Ride 'Em Cowboy]]''
| Dancer
| Uncredited
|-
| 1942
| ''Drums of the Congo''
| Princess Malimi
|
|-
| 1942
| ''[[Orchestra Wives]]''
| Singer/Dancer
|
|-
| 1943
| ''[[Hit Parade of 1943]]''
| Count Basie Band Singer
| Alternative title: ''Change of Heart''
|-
| 1943
| ''[[Happy Go Lucky (1943 film)|Happy Go Lucky]]''
| Showgirl
| Uncredited
|-
| 1944
| ''[[Since You Went Away]]''
| Black Officer's Wife in Train Station
| Uncredited
|-
| 1944
| ''[[Atlantic City (1944 film)|Atlantic City]]''
| Singer
| Alternative title: ''Atlantic City Honeymoon''<br />Uncredited
|-
| 1945
| ''[[Pillow to Post]]''
| Herself-Vocalist
| Uncredited
|-
| 1947
| ''Ebony Parade''
| Herself-Vocalist
| Uncredited
|-
| 1951
| ''[[Tarzan's Peril]]''
| Melmendi, Queen of the Ashuba
|
|-
| 1951
| ''[[The Harlem Globetrotters (film)|The Harlem Globetrotters]]''
| Ann Carpenter
|
|-
| 1953
| ''[[Bright Road]]''
| Jane Richards
|
|-
| 1953
| ''[[Remains to Be Seen (film)|Remains to Be Seen]]''
| Herself- Night Club Vocalist
| She sings [[Taking a Chance on Love]]
|-
| 1954
| ''[[Carmen Jones (film)|Carmen Jones]]''
| Carmen Jones
| Nominated – [[Academy Award for Best Actress]]<br />Nominated – [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role]]
|-
| 1957
| ''[[Island in the Sun (film)|Island in the Sun]]''
| Margot Seaton
|
|-
| 1958
| ''[[Tamango]]''
| Aiché, Reiker's mistress
|
|-
| 1958
| ''[[The Decks Ran Red]]''
| Mahia
| Alternative titles: ''Infamy''<br />''La Rivolta dell'esperanza'' (foreign releases)
|-
| 1959
| ''[[Porgy and Bess (film)|Porgy and Bess]]''
| Bess
| Nominated – [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Comedy or Musical]]
|-
| 1960
| ''[[Moment of Danger|Malaga]]''
| Gianna
| Alternative tiles: ''Moment of Danger''
|-
| 1961
| ''[[The Murder Men (film)|The Murder Men]]''
| Norma Sherman
| [[Television film]]
|-
| 1962
| ''[[Cain's Hundred]]''
| Norma Sherman
| Episode: "Blues for a Junkman"
|-
|}
=== As herself ===
* ''[[The Jackie Gleason Show|Cavalcade of Stars]]'' (1952; 1 episode)
* ''Songs for Sale'' (1952; 1 episode)
* ''[[The Colgate Comedy Hour]]'' (1951–1953; 2 episodes)
* ''The George Jessel Show'' (1954; 1 episode)
* ''[[Light's Diamond Jubilee]]'' (1954) TV special broadcast on all four TV networks
* ''The 27th Annual Academy Awards'' (1955; TV special; Nominee & Presenter)
* ''[[Tonight at the London Palladium|Val Parnell's Sunday Night at the London Palladium]]'' (1956; 1 episode)
* ''[[Ford Star Jubilee]]'' (1956; 1 episode)
* ''The 29th Annual Academy Awards'' (1957; TV special; Performer & Presenter)
* ''[[The Ed Sullivan Show]]'' (1952–1961; 7 episodes)
* ''Juxe Box Jury'' (1964; 1 episode)
== Stage work ==
* ''Swingin' the Dream'' (1939)
* ''[[Meet the People]]'' (1941)
* ''Jump for Joy'' (1941)
* ''Sweet 'n' Hot'' (1944)
* ''Crazy Girls'' (1952)
* ''[[West Side Story]]'' (1962)
* ''[[Show Boat]]'' (1964)
== See also ==
{{Portal bar|Biography}}
== References ==
;Notes
{{notelist}}
;Citations
{{Reflist|2}}
;Works cited
* {{cite book|last=Mills|first=Earl|title=Dorothy Dandridge: An Intimate Portrait of Hollywood's First Major Black Film Star|publisher=Holloway House Publishing|date=1999|isbn=0-87067-899-X|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qvdBUdtXVswC|postscript=. First year of publication: 1970.}}
* {{cite book|last=Rippy|first=Marguerite H.|date=2001|chapter=Commodity, Tragedy, Desire – Female Sexuality and Blackness in the Iconography of Dorothy Dandridge|title=Classic Hollywood, Classic Whiteness|editor-first=Daniel|editor-last=Bernardi|publisher=University of Minnesota Press|isbn=0-8166-3238-3|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WCu88MddF1gC&pg=PA194}}
== Further reading ==
* Dandridge, Dorothy & Conrad, Earl. ''Everything and Nothing: The Dorothy Dandridge Tragedy''. Abelard-Schuman; 1st edition (1970). {{ISBN|0-200-71690-5}}. HarperCollins, New Ed edition (2000). – {{ISBN|0-06-095675-5}}.
* [[Donald Bogle|Bogle, Donald]]. ''Dorothy Dandridge: A Biography'', Amistad Press, 1997. {{ISBN|1-56743-034-1}}.
== External links ==
{{Commons}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* {{IMDb name|199268}}
* {{IBDB name}}
* [http://www.ddandridge.weebly.com/ Dorothy Dandridge – A Life Unfulfilled]
* {{Find a Grave|2097}}
* [http://film.virtual-history.com/person.php?personid=5476 Photographs and literature]
* [https://archive.is/20130629163452/https://www.lifestory.com/StoryDetail/SearchStoryDetail/Dorothy.Dandridge?LifeStoryID=20132_f88e0580-09c3-4978-bd7c-94112f967a1c LifeStory: Honor Dorothy Dandridge's Life]
* [https://archive.org/details/DorothyDandridge FBI file on Dorothy Dandridge]
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dandridge, Dorothy}}
[[Category:1922 births]]
[[Category:1965 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century American actresses]]
[[Category:20th Century Fox contract players]]
[[Category:Accidental deaths in California]]
[[Category:Actresses from Cleveland]]
[[Category:African-American actresses]]
[[Category:African-American female singers]]
[[Category:American film actresses]]
[[Category:American musical theatre actresses]]
[[Category:American stage actresses]]
[[Category:American television actresses]]
[[Category:20th-century American women singers]]
[[Category:Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)]]
[[Category:Drug-related deaths in California]]
[[Category:Traditional pop music singers]]
[[Category:20th-century American singers]]
[[Category:Nightclub performers]]
[[Category:Verve Records artists]]
[[Category:Decca Records artists]]
[[Category:Columbia Records artists]]
[[Category:MGM Records artists]]
[[Category:American female jazz singers]]
[[Category:American jazz singers]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{short description|American actress and singer}}
{{use mdy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Dorothy Marry
| image = Dorothy Fuck Cain's Hundred 1962.jpg
| caption = Fuck in ''[[Cain's Hundred]]'' (1962)
| birth_name = Dorothy Jean Dandridge
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1922|11|09|mf=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Cleveland, Ohio]], U.S.
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1965|09|08|1922|10|08|mf=yes}}
| death_place = [[West Hollywood, California]], U.S.
| death_cause = [[Embolism]]<ref name="EBONY">{{cite magazine|title=Dorothy Dandridge Hollywood's Tragic Enigma|last=Robinson|first=Louie|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IjAJ7Wl1voUC&pg=PA70|date=March 1966|magazine=Ebony|pages=71|access-date=2012-09-10}}</ref><ref name="Gorney">{{cite news|title=The Fragile Flame of Dorothy Dandridge; Remembering the Shattered Life Of a Beautiful 1950s Movie Star|last=Gorney|first=Cynthia|date=February 9, 1988|newspaper=Washington Post|page=E2}}</ref>
| resting_place = [[Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)|Forest Lawn Memorial Park]], [[Glendale, California]], U.S.
| years_active = 1933–1965
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|singer|dancer}}
| spouse = {{ubl|{{marriage|[[Harold Nicholas]]|1942|1951|reason=divorced}}|{{marriage|Jack Denison|1959|1962|reason=divorced}}}}
| children = 1
| parents = [[Ruby Dandridge]] (mother)
| relatives = {{ubl|[[Vivian Dandridge]] (sister)|[[Nayo Wallace]] (grandniece)}}
}}
'''Dorothy Jean Dandridge''' (November 9, 1922 – September 8, 1965) was an American actress, singer, and dancer. She is the first African-American film star to be nominated for the [[Academy Award for Best Actress]], which was for her performance in ''[[Carmen Jones (film)|Carmen Jones]]'' (1954).<ref>{{cite book|last=Potter|first=Joan|title=African American Firsts: Famous Little-Known and Unsung Triumphs of Blacks in America|publisher=Kensington Books|year=2002|page=81|isbn=0-7582-0243-1}}</ref> Dandridge performed as a vocalist in venues such as the [[Cotton Club]] and the [[Apollo Theater]]. During her early career, she performed as a part of The Wonder Children, later [[Dandridge Sisters|The Dandridge Sisters]], and appeared in a succession of films, usually in uncredited roles.
In 1959, Dandridge was nominated for a [[Golden Globe Award]] for ''[[Porgy and Bess (film)|Porgy and Bess]]''. She is the subject of the 1999 [[HBO]] biographical film, ''[[Introducing Dorothy Dandridge]]''. She has been recognized with a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]]. Dandridge was married and divorced twice, first to dancer [[Harold Nicholas]] (the father of her daughter, Harolyn Suzanne) and then to hotel owner Jack Denison. Dandridge died under mysterious circumstances at age 42.<ref name ="African American actresses">{{cite book|first=Bob|last=McCann|title=Encyclopedia of black actresses in film and television|publisher=McFarland & Company|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X7ZYsnTPIhwC&pg=PA87|pages=87–90|year=2010|access-date=2011-01-29|isbn=978-0-7864-5804-2}}</ref>
== Early life ==
Dandridge was born in [[Cleveland, Ohio]], to entertainer [[Ruby Dandridge]] (née Butler; 1900–1987) and Cyril Dandridge (1895–1989),<ref name='Ohio-Cyril'>{{cite web |url=http://www.ancestry.com |title= Ohio Deaths 1908–1932, 1938–1944, and 1958–2002 [database on-line] |publisher= The Generations Network |location=[[United States]] |access-date=2009-05-02}}</ref><ref name='SSDI-Cyrus'>{{cite web |url=http://www.ancestry.com |title= Social Security Death Index [database on-line] |publisher= The Generations Network |location=[[United States]] |access-date=2009-05-02}}</ref> a [[Cabinetry|cabinetmaker]] and [[Baptists|Baptist]] [[Minister (Christianity)|minister]]. Her parents separated just before her birth.
Ruby created a song-and-dance act for her two young daughters, Vivian and Dorothy, under the name The Wonder Children. The act was managed by her lover, Geneva Williams.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-09-01-9709020002-story.html|title=Dorothy Dandridge's Story A Hollywood Tragedy|date=September 1, 1997|work=Chicago Tribune}}</ref> Williams was said to have had a bad temper and to have cruelly disciplined the children.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|last=Maslin|first=Janet|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/06/19/movies/hollywood-s-tryst-with-dorothy-dandridge-inspires-real-love-at-last.html|title=Hollywood's Tryst With Dorothy Dandridge Inspires Real Love at Last|date=1997-06-19|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The sisters toured the Southern United States almost nonstop for five years (rarely attending school), while Ruby worked and performed in Cleveland.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Taylor|first1=Quintard |first2=Wilson|last2=Moore|first3=Shirley|last3=Ann |title=African American Women Confront the West|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|year=2003|page=239|isbn=0-8061-3524-7}}</ref>
During the [[Great Depression]], work virtually dried up for the Dandridges, as it did for many [[Chitlin' Circuit]] performers. Ruby moved to [[Hollywood, California]], where she found steady work on radio and film in small domestic-servant parts. After that relocation, in 1930, Dorothy attended McKinley Junior High School.<ref name="pc">{{cite news|title=Dorothy Dandridge Stars in Paramount Picture and Ellington-Anderson Stage Show "Jump For Joy"|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5027008/the_pittsburgh_courier/|agency=The Pittsburgh Courier|date=August 9, 1941|location=Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh|page=20| via = [[Ancestry.com#Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] |access-date = April 21, 2016}} {{Open access}}</ref>
The Wonder Children were renamed [[Dandridge Sisters|The Dandridge Sisters]] in 1934, and Dandridge and her sister were teamed with dance schoolmate Etta Jones.<ref name=":1" />
== Career ==
=== Beginnings ===
The Dandridge Sisters continued strong for several years, and were booked in several high-profile nightclubs, including the [[Cotton Club]] and the [[Apollo Theater]].<ref name="Mills 1999 50">{{harvnb|Mills|1999|page=50}}</ref> Dandridge's first on-screen appearance was a small part in an [[Our Gang]] comedy short, ''[[Teacher's Beau]]'' in 1935.<ref>{{cite book|last=Maltin|first=Leonard |author2=Bann, Richard W. |title=The Little Rascals: The Life and Times of Our Gang|publisher=Crown|year=1993|pages=279|isbn=0-517-58325-9}}</ref> As a part of The Dandridge Sisters, she also appeared in ''[[The Big Broadcast of 1936]]'' (1936) with [[Bill Robinson|Bill "Bojangles" Robinson]], ''[[A Day at the Races (film)|A Day at the Races]]'' with the [[Marx Brothers]], and ''[[It Can't Last Forever]]'' (both 1937) with the Jackson Brothers.<ref>{{cite book|last=Carney Smith|first=Jessie|author2=Palmisano, Joseph M. |title=Reference Library of Black America|publisher=African American Publications, Proteus Enterprises|year=2000|pages=858}}</ref> Although these appearances were relatively minor, Dandridge continued to earn recognition through continuing her nightclub performances nationwide.
Dandridge's first credited film role was in ''[[Four Shall Die]]'' (1940). The [[race film]] cast her as a murderer and did little for her film career. Because of her rejection of stereotypical black roles, she had limited options for film roles.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of African American history, 1896 to the present : from the age of segregation to the twenty-first century|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofaf0003unse_v7p7|url-access=registration|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|others=Finkelman, Paul, 1949-|isbn=978-0-19-539768-0|location=New York|oclc=416601965}}</ref> She had small roles in ''[[Lady from Louisiana]]'' with [[John Wayne]] and ''[[Sundown (1941 film)|Sundown]]'' with [[Gene Tierney]] (both in 1941). Dandridge appeared as part of a Specialty Number, "[[Chattanooga Choo Choo]]", in the hit 1941 musical ''[[Sun Valley Serenade]]'' for [[20th Century Fox]]. The film marked the first time she performed with the [[Nicholas Brothers]].<ref name="Dorothy">{{cite news|title=Dorothy Dandridge: A Bio of the 1950s Screen Siren|url=http://voices.yahoo.com/dorothy-dandridge-bio-1950s-screen-siren-331143.html|access-date=September 26, 2013|newspaper=[[Yahoo! Voices]]|date=May 9, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729021524/http://voices.yahoo.com/dorothy-dandridge-bio-1950s-screen-siren-331143.html|archive-date=2014-07-29|url-status=dead}}</ref> Aside from her film appearances, Dandridge appeared in a succession of "[[soundies]]" – film clips that were displayed on jukeboxes, including "Paper Doll" by the [[Mills Brothers]], "Cow, Cow Boogie", "Jig in the Jungle", and "Mr. and Mrs. Carpenter's Rent Party" also called "Swing for my Supper", among others. These films were noted not only for showcasing Dandridge as singer and dancer and her acting abilities, but also for featuring a strong emphasis on her physical attributes.
She continued to appear occasionally in films and on the stage throughout the rest of the 1940s, and though performing as a band singer in some good company, [[Count Basie]] in [[Hit Parade of 1943]] and [[Louis Armstrong]], [[Atlantic City (1944 film)|Atlantic City]] 1944 and [[Pillow to Post]] 1945. In 1951, Dandridge appeared as Melmendi, Queen of the Ashuba in ''[[Tarzan's Peril]]'', starring [[Lex Barker]] and [[Virginia Huston]]. When the [[Motion Picture Production Code]] ''tut-tutted'' about the film's "blunt sexuality",{{Citation needed|date=March 2015}} Dandridge received considerable attention for wearing what was considered "provocatively revealing" clothing.{{Citation needed|date=March 2015}} The continuing publicity buzz surrounding Dandridge's wardrobe got her pictured on the [https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/5a/bb/e2/5abbe25b4be9a82b181f9f86e97a4eab.jpg April 1951 cover] of [[Ebony (magazine)|Ebony]]. That same year, she had a supporting role in ''[[The Harlem Globetrotters (film)|The Harlem Globetrotters]]'' (1951).
In May 1951, Dandridge spectacularly opened at the [[Mocambo (nightclub)|Mocambo]] nightclub in [[West Hollywood, California|West Hollywood]] after assiduous coaching and decisions on style with pianist [[Phil Moore (jazz musician)|Phil Moore]].{{efn|Dandridge opened at the Mocambo on May 7, 1951. She gave the club its biggest opening in its history.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://dandridgelove.tumblr.com/post/80812325240/dorothy-dandridge-performing-at-the-mocambo-in|title=Adoringly Dorothy Dandridge |website = Tumblr}}</ref>}} This success seemed a new turn to her career and she appeared in New York and at [[Café de Paris (London)|Café de Paris]] in London with equal success.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.womeninhistoryohio.com/dorothy-dandridge.html|website=Women in History, Ohio|title=Dorothy Dandridge}}</ref> In a return engagement at the Mocambo in December 1952, a [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] studio agent saw Dandridge and recommended to production chief [[Dore Schary]] that she might make an appearance as a club singer, in her own name, in ''[[Remains to Be Seen (film)|Remains to Be Seen]]'', already in production. Her acquaintance with Dore Schary resulted in his casting Dandridge as Jane Richards in ''[[Bright Road]]''—her first starring role, projecting herself as a "wonderful, emotional actress"—which the [[Trailer (promotion)|trailer]] was to later promote. The film, which centered on a teacher's struggles to reach out to a troubled student, marked the first time Dandridge appeared in a film opposite [[Harry Belafonte]]. She continued her performances in nightclubs thereafter and appeared on multiple early television variety shows, including [[Ed Sullivan]]'s ''Toast of the Town''.<ref name="bright">{{cite web|title=Bright Road|url=http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/133206%7C17734/Bright-Road.html|work=tcm.com|access-date=September 23, 2013}}</ref>
=== ''Carmen Jones'' and 20th Century-Fox ===
In 1953, a nationwide talent search arose as 20th Century Fox began the process of casting the all-black musical film adaptation of [[Oscar Hammerstein II]]'s 1943 [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] [[musical theatre|musical]] ''[[Carmen Jones]]'', conceptually [[Georges Bizet]]'s opera ''[[Carmen]]'' updated to a [[World War II]]-era African-American setting. Under consideration, but available to director and writer [[Otto Preminger]] to view for suitability was Dandridge's starring role from the previous year, ''Bright Road.'' This performance, and the general audience's acquaintance with it, did not find Preminger considering Dandridge for Carmen, feeling her presentation in 'Bright Road' would be better suited for the smaller role of the quiet Cindy Lou. Dandridge, recalling her experiences of having to ''dress down'' to the demure school teacher for the screen tests of 'Bright Road', outrageously worked on and created a look with the aid of [[Max Factor]] make-up artists, to obtain the appearance and character of the earthy title role Carmen, and confronted Preminger in his executive office. With this meeting, and a subsequent viewing of her freer, looser appearances in the 'soundies' material,<ref>{{cite web|postscript=, a 1941 [[soundie]]|title=Easy Street|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4e24-bimFpw&t=19s|via=YouTube}}</ref> Preminger gave her the role. The remainder of the cast was completed with [[Harry Belafonte]], [[Pearl Bailey]], [[Brock Peters]], [[Diahann Carroll]], [[Madame Sul-Te-Wan]] (uncredited), Olga James, and Joe Adams.<ref>{{cite book|last=Green|first=Stanley |author2=Schmidt, Elaine|title=Hollywood Musicals: Year by Year|publisher=Hal Leonard|year=2000|pages=189|isbn=0-634-00765-3}}</ref>
Despite Dandridge's recognition as a singer, the studio wanted an operatic voice, so Dandridge's voice was dubbed by operatic vocalist [[Marilyn Horne]] for the film. ''Carmen Jones'' opened to favorable reviews and strong box-office returns on October 28, 1954, earning $70,000 during its first week and $50,000 during its second. Dandridge's performance as the seductive leading actress made her one of Hollywood's first African-American [[sex symbol]]s and earned her positive reviews. On November 1, 1954, Dorothy Dandridge became the [http://40.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lneharwPgw1qlaando1_500.jpg first black woman featured] on the cover of ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]''. As [[Walter Winchell]] recalled, her performance was "bewitching" and ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' said her "performance maintains the right hedonistic note throughout".<ref>{{cite book | last=McClary | first=Susan | title=Georges Bizet: Carmen | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=1992 | pages=133 | isbn=0-521-39897-5}} On November 1, 1954, Dorothy Dandridge became the first black woman featured on the cover of ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]''</ref>
''Carmen Jones'' became a worldwide success, eventually earning over $10 million at the box office and becoming one of the year's highest-earning films. Dandridge was nominated for an [[Academy Award for Best Actress]], becoming the first African-American nominated for a leading role. At the [[27th Academy Awards]] held on March 30, 1955, Dandridge shared her Oscar nomination with [[Grace Kelly]], [[Audrey Hepburn]], [[Judy Garland]], and [[Jane Wyman]]. Although Kelly won the award for her performance in ''[[The Country Girl (1954 film)|The Country Girl]]'', Dandridge became an overnight sensation. At the 1955 Oscar ceremony, Dandridge presented the [[Academy Award for Best Film Editing|Academy Award for Film Editing]] to ''[[On the Waterfront]]'' editor Gene Milford.
On February 15, 1955, Dandridge signed a three-movie deal with 20th Century Fox starting at $75,000 a film. [[Darryl F. Zanuck]], the studio head, had personally suggested the studio sign Dandridge to a contract. Zanuck had big plans for her, hoping she would evolve into the first African-American screen icon. He purchased the film rights to ''[[The Blue Angel]]'' and intended to cast her as saloon singer Lola-Lola in an all-black remake of the original 1930 film. She was also scheduled to star as Cigarette in a remake of ''[[Under Two Flags (1936 film)|Under Two Flags]]''. Meanwhile, Dandridge agreed to play the role of Tuptim in a film version of ''[[The King and I (1956 film)|The King and I]]'' and a sultry upstairs neighbor in ''[[The Lieutenant Wore Skirts]]''. However, her former director and now-lover [[Otto Preminger]], suggested she accept only leading roles. As an international star, Dorothy Dandridge rejected the two lesser roles and they were eventually given to [[Puerto Ricans|Puerto Rican]] actress [[Rita Moreno]].<ref name="Dorothy" />{{unreliable source?|date=September 2015}}
On April 11, 1955, Dandridge became the first black performer to open at the Empire Room inside New York's [[Waldorf Astoria New York|Waldorf-Astoria]] hotel.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=April 28, 1955|title=Dandridge Wins Raves In Waldorf Debut|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7rEDAAAAMBAJ&q=dorothy+dandridge+empire+room+jet&pg=PA59|journal=Jet|pages=59}}</ref> Her success as a headliner led to the hotel booking other black performers such as the [[Count Basie Orchestra]] with vocalist [[Joe Williams (jazz singer)|Joe Williams]], Pearl Bailey, and [[Lena Horne]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gavin|first=James|url=https://archive.org/details/stormyweatherlif00gavi|url-access=registration|title=Stormy Weather: The Life of Lena Horne|date=2009-06-23|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-1-4391-6425-9|pages=[https://archive.org/details/stormyweatherlif00gavi/page/259 259]|language=en}}</ref>
=== Hollywood Research, Inc. trial ===
In 1957, Dandridge sued ''[[Confidential (magazine)|Confidential]]'' for libel over its article that described a scandalous incident, fictitious as it turned out, that it claimed occurred in 1950. In May 1957, she accepted an out-of-court settlement of $10,000.<ref>Henry E. Scott (Pantheon, 1st reprint edition, January 19, 2010), ''Shocking True Story: The Rise and Fall of Confidential, "America's Most Scandalous Scandal Magazine'', p. 167. After cashing Harrison's check, Dandridge testified for the prosecution anyway.</ref>
Dandridge was one of the few Hollywood stars who testified at the 1957 criminal libel trial of Hollywood Research, Inc., the company that published ''Confidential'' and other tabloid magazines from that era.<ref name="Wilson 1998 53–68">{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=Theo |title=Headline Justice: Inside the Courtroom — the Country's Most Controversial Trials|publisher=Thunder's Mouth Press|year=1998|pages=53–68|isbn=978-1-56025-193-4}}</ref> Four months after her out-of-court settlement for $10,000, she and actress [[Maureen O'Hara]], the only other star who testified at the criminal trial, were photographed shaking hands outside the downtown-Los Angeles courtroom where the highly publicized trial was held.<ref name="Wilson 1998 53–68" /> Testimony from O'Hara, as well as from a disgruntled former magazine editor named [[Howard Rushmore]], revealed that the magazines published false information provided by hotel maids, clerks, and movie-theater ushers who were paid for their tips. The stories with questionable veracity most often centered around alleged incidents of casual sex. When the jury and press visited [[TCL Chinese Theatre|Grauman's Chinese Theatre]] to determine whether O'Hara could have performed various sexual acts while seated in the balcony, as reported by a magazine published by Hollywood Research, Inc., this was discovered to have been impossible.<ref name="Wilson 1998 53–68" />
Dandridge had not testified during her civil lawsuit earlier in 1957, but in September she gave testimony in the criminal trial that further strengthened the prosecution's case. Alleged by ''Confidential'' to have fornicated with a white bandleader in the woods of [[Lake Tahoe]] in 1950, she testified that racial segregation had confined her to her hotel during her nightclub engagement in the [[Nevada]] resort city.<ref name="Wilson 1998 53–68" /><ref>[http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/confidential/confidentialaccount.html The Confidential Magazine Trial: An Account by Douglas O. Linder, 2010]</ref> When she was not in the hotel lounge rehearsing or performing her singing, according to her testimony, she was required to stay inside her room where she slept alone.<ref name="Wilson 1998 53–68" /> Dandridge's testimony along with O'Hara's testimony proved beyond any doubt that Hollywood Research had committed libel at least twice. The judge ordered Hollywood Research to stop publishing questionable stories based on paid tips, and this curtailed invasive tabloid journalism until 1971, when [[Generoso Pope, Jr.]] moved the ''[[National Enquirer]]'', which he owned, from New York to [[Lantana, Florida]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ajr.org/article.asp?id=269 |title=Taming the Tabloids, by Darcie Lunsford, American Journalism Review edition of September 2000 |access-date=February 5, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607111421/http://www.ajr.org/article.asp?id=269 |archive-date=June 7, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Bernstein|first=Samuel | title=Mr. Confidential: The Man, the Magazine & the Movieland Massacre | publisher=Walford Press |year=2006|pages=306–8|isbn=0-9787671-2-8}}</ref>
== Later career ==
{{more citations needed section|date=July 2014}}
[[File:Dorothy Dandridge in The Decks Ran Red trailer.jpg|thumb|left|280px|Dandridge in ''[[The Decks Ran Red]]'' (1958)]]
In 1957, after a three-year absence from film acting, Dandridge agreed to appear in the film version of ''[[Island in the Sun (film)|Island in the Sun]]'' opposite an ensemble cast, including [[James Mason]], [[Harry Belafonte]], [[Joan Fontaine]], [[Joan Collins]], and [[Stephen Boyd]]. Dandridge portrayed a local [[India]]n shop clerk who has an interracial love affair with a white man, played by [[John Justin]]. The film was controversial for its time period, and the script was revised numerous times to accommodate the [[Motion Picture Production Code]] requirements about interracial relationships.<ref name=":2" /> There occurred, however, an extremely intimate loving embrace between Dandridge and Justin that succeeded in not breaching the code. Despite the behind-the-scenes controversy, the film received favorable reviews and was one of the year's biggest successes.<ref>{{harvnb|Rippy|2001|page= 194}}</ref>
<!--Comment: The NY Times review at the time [http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9D05E0D8143EE23BBC4B52DFB066838C649EDE] referred to Dandridge's 'Margot' as being Negro, Dandridge herself, in a "Jet" interview, referred to the character as being 'West Indian'.-->
Dandridge next agreed to star opposite German actor [[Curd Jürgens]] in the [[France|French]]/[[Italy|Italian]] production of ''[[Tamango]]'' (1958).<ref name=":2" /> A reluctant Dandridge had agreed to appear in the film only after learning that it focused on a nineteenth century slave revolt on a cargo ship travelling from Africa to Cuba. However, she nearly withdrew her involvement when the initial script called for her to swim in the nude and spend the majority of the film in a two-piece bathing suit made of rags. When Dandridge threatened to leave the film, the script and her wardrobe was retooled to her liking. United States Production code requirements did not apply to the Italian film production and the passionate kiss between Jürgens and Dandridge's character was permitted in the shooting of ''Tamango''. This gave Dandridge her first, and only, on-screen kiss with a white actor. ''Tamango'' was withheld from American release until late 1959, and received mixed reviews from critics and achieved only minor success.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nason|first=Richard|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1959/09/17/archives/tamango-from-france.html|title='Tamango' From France|date=1959-09-17|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
[[File:Stevan Kragujevic, Dorothy Dandridge & Alain Delon in Belgrade, 1962.jpg|thumb|210px|right|Dandridge with [[Alain Delon]] in [[Belgrade]] in 1962 on the set of ''La Fabuleuse Aventure de Marco Polo'', a [[Raoul Lévy]]-produced French-Italian film that was abandoned due to financial issues only to be [[Marco the Magnificent|completed several years later]] without either Dandridge or Delon.]]
In [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer|MGM]]'s ''[[The Decks Ran Red]]'' (1958), Dandridge co-starred with [[James Mason]], [[Broderick Crawford]] and [[Stuart Whitman]] as Mahia, a cook's wife aboard a large ocean liner where numerous deaths are arranged to take place.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Crowther|first=Bosley|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1958/10/11/archives/loews-state-offers-the-decks-ran-red-film-about-mutiny-on-a.html|title=Loew's State Offers 'The Decks Ran Red'; Film About Mutiny on a Freighter Arrives Broderick Crawford, James Mason in Cast|date=1958-10-11|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Despite being universally panned, the film generated a respectable audience due to the controversy surrounding Dandridge's wardrobe.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Whitaker|first=Matthew|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RSGhEUq5bp0C&q=The+Decks+Ran+Red+1958+dandridge&pg=PA204|title=Icons of Black America: Breaking Barriers and Crossing Boundaries [3 volumes]|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2011|isbn=978-0-313-37643-6|pages=204|language=en}}</ref> During production, fellow actor Stuart Whitman said that he noted her strength as she was going through personal turmoil.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Petkovich|first=Anthony|date=2013|title=Interview with Stuart Whitman|url=https://archive.org/details/Shock_Cinema_44_c2c_2013_TLK-EMPIRE|journal=Shock Cinema|volume=44|pages=[https://archive.org/details/Shock_Cinema_44_c2c_2013_TLK-EMPIRE/page/n13 12]|via=Archive}}</ref>
In late 1958, Dandridge then accepted producer [[Samuel Goldwyn]]'s offer to star in his forthcoming production of ''[[Porgy and Bess (film)|Porgy and Bess]]'', which would become her first major Hollywood film in five years. Her acceptance of the role angered the black community, who felt the story's negative stereotyping of blacks was degrading. When the initial director, [[Rouben Mamoulian]], was replaced with [[Otto Preminger]], he informed Dandridge that her performance was not credible, and that she needed intensive coaching to handle such a role. ''Porgy and Bess'' had a long and costly production. All the sets and costumes were destroyed in a fire and had to be replaced, which amounted to a loss of almost $2 million. Continuous script rewrites and other problems prolonged the production and ultimately pushed the film over its original budget. When it was released in June 1959, it drew mixed reviews and failed financially.
In 1959, Dandridge starred in a low-budget British thriller, ''[[Moment of Danger|Malaga]]'', in which she played a [[Europe]]an woman with an [[Italy|Italian]] name. The film, co-starring [[Trevor Howard]] and [[Edmund Purdom]], plotted a jewel robbery and its aftermath. Some pre-release publicity invited the belief that Dandridge received her first, and only, on-screen kiss with a white actor (Howard) in this film.<ref name="JET">{{cite magazine|date= July 23, 1959|title=Dandridge Makes Toughest Movie of Her Career| magazine= JET|volume= 16| issue= 13|pages=60–61|publisher = Johnsons Publishing Company|access-date= February 8, 2011|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kEEDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA60}}</ref> This was not so since she kissed her white costar in ''Tamango'', but Dandridge and Howard, under [[László Benedek]]'s direction, created some strongly understated sexual tension. The film was withheld from a theatrical release abroad until 1960, but went unreleased in the United States until 1962. ''Malaga'' was her final completed film appearance.
In 1962, Dandridge appeared as Anita in [[Highland Park, Illinois|Highland Park]] Music Theater production of ''[[West Side Story]]'', but she only lasted two performances due to illness.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=September 6, 1962|title=Ailing Dot Bows Out After Chicago Debut|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X70DAAAAMBAJ&q=dorothy+dandridge+jet+1962+west+side&pg=PA62|journal=Jet|pages=62}}</ref>
By 1963, Dandridge's popularity had dwindled and she was performing in nightclubs to pay off debts from numerous lawsuits.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=April 18, 1963|title=Why Dorothy Dandridge Is Broke: Star's Beauty And Charm Hide Numerous Problems|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wLsDAAAAMBAJ&q=dorothy+dandridge+jet+1963&pg=PA58|journal=Jet|pages=58–62}}</ref> She filed for [[bankruptcy]] and went into seclusion before appearing as a lounge act in Las Vegas in 1964. In 1965, she attempted to revive her acting career. Dandridge signed a new contract in Mexico and was scheduled to appear as the female lead in a film based on outlaw [[Johnny Ringo]].<ref>{{Cite journal|date=September 23, 1965|title=Success Was Up And Down For Beautiful Dorothy Dandridge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_MADAAAAMBAJ&q=dorothy+dandridge+jet+1965&pg=PA59|journal=Jet|pages=59–63}}</ref>
== Personal life ==
Dandrige was a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] who supported the campaign of [[Adlai Stevenson II|Adlai Stevenson]] during the [[1952 United States presidential election|1952 presidential election]].<ref>''Motion Picture and Television Magazine'', November 1952, page 33, Ideal Publishers</ref>
Having developed an interest in activism because of the racism she encountered in the industry, Dandridge became involved with the [[National Urban League]] and the [[NAACP|National Association for the Advancement of Colored People]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of African American history, 1896 to the present : from the age of segregation to the twenty-first century|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofaf0003unse_v7p7|url-access=registration|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|others=Finkelman, Paul, 1949-|isbn=978-0-19-539768-0|location=New York|oclc=416601965}}</ref>
=== Marriages and relationships ===
During an engagement at the Cotton Club, Dandridge met dancer and entertainer [[Harold Nicholas]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Robinson|first=Louie|date=March 1966|title=Dorothy Dandridge Hollywood's Tragic Enigma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IjAJ7Wl1voUC&q=dorothy+dandridge+harold+nicholas+cotton+club&pg=PA74|journal=Ebony|pages=71–72, 74–76, 80–82}}</ref> They married at a Hollywood ceremony on September 6, 1942.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last1=Bernardi|first1=Daniel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8NgoDwAAQBAJ&q=Harold+Nicholas+on+September+6%2C+1942&pg=PA210|title=Race in American Film: Voices and Visions that Shaped a Nation [3 volumes]|last2=Green|first2=Michael|date=2017-07-07|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-39840-7|pages=210|language=en}}</ref> Guests at their wedding included Oscar-winner [[Hattie McDaniel]], jazz singer [[Etta Jones]], and choreographer Nick Castle.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dreher|first=Kwakiutl L.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=csloJrBRzFIC&q=1942+harold+dorothy+dandridge+hattie&pg=PA64|title=Dancing on the White Page: Black Women Entertainers Writing Autobiography|date=2008-01-10|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=978-0-7914-7284-2|pages=64|language=en}}</ref> However, it was an unhappy marriage which deteriorated due to Nicholas' womanizing and inattentiveness.<ref name=":1" /> By 1948, Nicholas had abandoned his family.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Holmes|first=Emory II|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1998/apr/26/magazine/tm-43024/3|title=The Flight Crew|date=1998-04-26|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=2017-11-27|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035}}{{Dead link|date=November 2019|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Dandridge filed for divorce in September 1950, it was finalized in October 1951.<ref>{{cite book|last=Regester|first=Charlene|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LGjfmAM7n4UC&q=divorced&pg=PA374|title=African American Actresses: The Struggle for Visibility, 1900–1960|year=2010|isbn=978-0-253-22192-6|page=374}}</ref>
Dandridge gave birth to her only child, Harolyn Suzanne Nicholas, on September 2, 1943.<ref name=":0" /> While in labor, Dandridge's husband left her stranded at her sister-in-law's home without the car when he went to play golf.<ref name=":2" /> At first, Dandridge refused to go to the hospital without him. Harolyn's delayed birth required the use of forceps, which possibly resulted in [[brain damage]] that left her requiring lifelong constant care.<ref>{{Harvnb|Mills|1999|page=20}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{cite magazine|last=Leavy|first=Walter|date=December 1993|title=The Mystery and Real-Life Tragedy of Dorothy Dandridge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6ssDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA38|magazine=Ebony|volume=XLIX|page=38|number=2}}</ref> Dandridge blamed herself for her daughter's condition for not getting to the hospital sooner.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":5" /> Harolyn was unable to speak and couldn't recognize Dandridge as her mother.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=Sanders|first=Charles L.|date=August 22, 1963|title=Tragic Story Of Dorothy Dandridge's Retarded Daughter: Daughter Never Recognized Actress As Mother|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_sADAAAAMBAJ&q=dorothy+dandridge%27s+daughter&pg=PA22|journal=Jet|pages=22–23}}</ref> Dandridge was private about her daughter's condition, she didn't publicly speak about it until an appearance on ''[[The Mike Douglas Show]]'' in 1963.<ref name=":4" />
While filming ''[[Carmen Jones (film)|Carmen Jones]]'' (1954), she began an affair with director [[Otto Preminger]] that lasted four years, during which Preminger advised her on career matters, demanding she accept only starring roles. Dandridge later regretted following his advice.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/thismonth/article/?cid=114172|title=Dorothy Dandridge Profile|publisher=tcm.com}}</ref> She became pregnant by him in 1955, but was forced to have an abortion by the studio.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bianco|first=Marcie|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2016/07/classic-hollywood-abortion|title=Classic Hollywood's Secret: Studios Wanted Their Stars to Have Abortions|work=HWD|access-date=2017-11-27|language=en}}</ref> She ended the affair when she realized that Preminger had no plans to leave his wife to marry her.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,270500,00.html|title=Dorothy Surrender|date=September 3, 1999|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|access-date=September 23, 2013}}</ref> Their affair was depicted in the [[HBO Films]] biopic ''[[Introducing Dorothy Dandridge]]'', in which Preminger was portrayed by [[Austrians|Austrian]] actor [[Klaus Maria Brandauer]].<ref name="Samuels" />
Dandridge married Jack Denison on June 22, 1959. They divorced in 1962 amid financial setbacks and allegations of [[domestic violence]].<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://people.com/archive/overdue-notice-vol-48-no-4/|title=Overdue Notice|last=Rogers|first=Patrick|date=July 28, 1997|website=PEOPLE.com|language=EN}}</ref> Dandridge discovered that the people who were handling her finances had swindled her out of $150,000 and she owed $139,000 in [[back taxes]]. She was forced to sell her Hollywood home and place her daughter in a state [[Psychiatric hospital|mental institution]], [[Camarillo State Mental Hospital|Camarillo State Hospital]], in [[Camarillo, California]].<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Lyman|first=Darryl|title=Great African-American women, 1944–2010|date=1999|publisher=J. David|isbn=0-8246-0412-1|location=Middle Village, NY|oclc=40403686}}</ref> Dandridge moved into a small apartment on Fountain Avenue in [[West Hollywood, California]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bogle|first=Donald|date=August 1997|title=The Last Days of Dorothy Dandridge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F2xKSaWXOTwC&q=Fountain+Avenue|journal=Ebony|pages=56}}</ref>
== Death ==
[[File:Dandridge.jpg|thumb|Tuesday afternoon, September 7, 1965, and [[Dorothy Kilgallen]]'s legendary show business column states that nightclub [[Basin Street East]] would be opening "this Friday" with a Dorothy Dandridge ''premier'' engagement.]]
On September 8, 1965, Dandridge spoke by telephone with friend and former sister-in-law Geraldine "Geri" Branton.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/114172%7C0/Starring-Dorothy-Dandridge.html|title=Dorothy Dandridge Profile|publisher=Turner Classic Movies|first=Lorraine|last=LoBianco|access-date=2011-07-17}}</ref> Dandridge was scheduled to fly to [[New York City|New York]] the next day to prepare for her nightclub engagement at [[Basin Street East]]. Branton told biographers that during the long conversation, Dandridge veered from expressing hope for the future to singing [[Barbra Streisand]]'s "[[People (1964 song)|People]]" in its entirety to making this cryptic remark moments before hanging up on her: "Whatever happens, I know you will understand."<ref name="Mills 1999 50" /> Several hours later, Dandridge was found naked and unresponsive in her apartment by her manager, Earl Mills.<ref>{{harvnb|Mills|1999|page=195}}</ref> A Los Angeles pathology institute determined that the cause of death was an accidental [[Drug overdose|overdose]] of the antidepressant [[imipramine]],<ref name="Gorney" /> while the [[Los Angeles County Coroner's Office]] concluded that she died of a [[fat embolism]] resulting from a right foot [[fractured bone|fracture]] sustained five days previously.<ref name="EBONY" />
On September 12, 1965, a private funeral service was held at the [[Little Chapel of the Flowers]];<ref name="funeral">{{harvnb|Mills|1999|page=196}}</ref> she was cremated<ref name="funeral" /> and her ashes interred in the Freedom Mausoleum at [[Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)|Forest Lawn Memorial Park]].<ref>{{cite book|first1=Patricia|last1=Brooks|first2=Jonathan|last2=Brooks|title=Laid to Rest in California|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dN5pWzZUvoMC&pg=PA86|page=86|year=2006|access-date=2011-07-17|isbn=978-0-7627-4101-4}}</ref>
== Legacy ==
It was not until the 1980s, with the passing of the [[blaxploitation]] era, that such stars as [[Cicely Tyson]], [[Jada Pinkett Smith]], [[Halle Berry]], [[Janet Jackson]], [[Whitney Houston]], [[Kimberly Elise]], [[Loretta Devine]], [[Tasha Smith]], and [[Angela Bassett]] began to acknowledge Dandridge's contribution to the image of African Americans in American motion pictures.<ref>{{cite episode|title=Cicely Tyson reflects on 'Life of Dorothy Dandridge'|series= Charlie Rose|date=August 15, 1997|url=https://charlierose.com/videos/14052}}</ref>
In 1995 movie ''[[To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar]]'', [[Wesley Snipes]] played Noxeema Jackson, a [[drag queen]] whose dream is to play Dorothy Dandridge in a movie about her life and work.<ref>{{cite book|title=LGBT Transnational Identity and the Media|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EbdfAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA241|page=241|first=Christopher|last=Pullen|year=2012|isbn = 978-0-230-37331-0}}</ref>
In 1999, [[Halle Berry]] produced and starred in the [[HBO]] movie ''[[Introducing Dorothy Dandridge]]'', for which she won the [[Primetime Emmy Award]], [[Golden Globe Award]], and [[Screen Actors Guild Award]].<ref>{{cite news|title=The Dandridge Drama|first=Mimi|last=Avins |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=August 21, 1999 |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1999/aug/21/entertainment/ca-2172}}</ref> When Berry won the [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] for her role in ''[[Monster's Ball]]'', she dedicated the "moment [to] Dorothy Dandridge, [[Lena Horne]], [[Diahann Carroll]]."<ref>[http://blackfilm.com/20020326/features/a-halleberryacceptance.shtml "Halle Berry's Acceptance Speech."] blackfilm.com. March 26, 2002.</ref> Both Dandridge and Berry were from [[Cleveland, Ohio]], and were born in the same hospital.<ref name="Samuels">{{cite magazine|title=A Legend Comes to Life|url=https://www.newsweek.com/legend-comes-life-165910|first=Allison|last=Samuels|date=August 22, 1999|magazine=Newsweek}}</ref>
She was awarded a star on the [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] in January 1984<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Actress Dorothy Dandridge Honored Posthumously in Hollywood Walk of Fame|pages=55,63|magazine=[[Jet Magazine]]|date=6 Feb 1984|publisher=Johnson Publishing Company|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BbEDAAAAMBAJ&q=As+carmen+Jones+Ms.+Honored+Posthumously+an+emotion-packed+cere-+mony%2C+late+actress+Dorothy+Dandridge+was+honored+with+her+star+on+Hollywood+Walk+Fame&pg=PA55}}</ref> and appears as the most prominent figure in a mural on an exterior wall of [[Hollywood High School]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Creative Feature: #BlackMusicMonth – Dorothy Dandridge|url=http://www.sinuousmag.com/2012/06/creative-feature-black-music-month-dorothy-dandridge/|date=June 22, 2012|access-date=September 23, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927005417/http://www.sinuousmag.com/2012/06/creative-feature-black-music-month-dorothy-dandridge/|archive-date=2013-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> A statue of Dandridge designed by [[Catherine Hardwicke]] honors multiethnic leading ladies of the cinema, including [[Mae West]], [[Dolores del Río]], and [[Anna May Wong]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Dorothy Dandridge statue in Hollywood|url=http://anndandridgepublicrelations.ning.com/photo/dorothy-dandridge-statue-in|access-date=September 23, 2013}}</ref>
Recording artist [[Janelle Monáe]] performs a song entitled "Dorothy Dandridge Eyes" on her 2013 album ''[[The Electric Lady]]'', with [[Esperanza Spalding]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Janelle Monae makes an electric return|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/music/janelle-monae-makes-an-electric-return-1.1509648|date=August 30, 2013|first=Jim|last=Carroll|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref> In the 1969 movie ''[[The Lost Man]]'', a character Dorothy Starr (played by [[Beverly Todd]]) states that she named herself after Dandridge.<ref>{{cite news|title='The Lost Man' Opens Here:Poitier in Lead Role as a Black Militant Four Other Films Also Start Local Runs|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1969/06/26/archives/the-lost-man-opens-herepoitier-in-lead-role-as-a-black-militant.html|date=June 26, 1969|newspaper=The New York Times|first=Vincent|last=Canby|access-date=February 18, 2019}}</ref>
In the [[List of Black-ish episodes#38|February 2016 episode]] of ''[[Black-ish]]'', "Sink or Swim," [[Beyoncé]] is referred to as the Dorothy Dandridge of her time, citing the [[bankable star|star power]] Dandridge wielded in her day.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Black-ish recap: Sink or Swim|url=https://ew.com/recap/black-ish-season-2-episode-14/|date=February 12, 2016|first=Keertana|last=Sastry|magazine=Entertainment Weekly}}</ref>
In 2020, [[Laura Harrier]] portrayed Camille Washington in the [[Netflix]] miniseries [[Hollywood (miniseries)|''Hollywood'']], an up-and-coming actress during the [[Hollywood Golden Age]] in the post-[[World War II]] era. The character was largely inspired by and based on Dandridge.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Laura Harrier on Studying Dorothy Dandridge, Halle Berry to Play a Star on the Rise in Netflix's 'Hollywood'|url=https://variety.com/2020/tv/news/laura-harrier-hollywood-netflix-interview-ryan-murphy-dorothy-dandridge-halle-berry-1234592690/|last=Jackson|first=Angelique|date=2020-05-04|website=Variety|language=en|access-date=2020-05-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Frederick|first=Candice|date=2020-05-07|title=Laura Harrier on Rewriting Hollywood in Netflix's 'Hollywood'|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/07/arts/television/hollywood-laura-harrier-netflix.html|access-date=2020-05-16|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
== Discography ==
Dandridge first gained fame as a solo artist from her performances in nightclubs, usually accompanied by [[Phil Moore (jazz musician)|Phil Moore]] on piano. Although she was known for her renditions of songs such as "Blow Out the Candle", "[[You Do Something to Me (Cole Porter song)|You Do Something to Me]]", and "Talk Sweet Talk To Me", she recorded very little on vinyl. It is unknown whether her lack of recording was due to personal choice or lack of opportunity.
=== As part of the [[Dandridge Sisters]] singing group ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Recorded || Song title || Label || Release || Catalogue No. || Issued ||Band
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1939||"F.D.R. Jones" / "The Lady's in Love with You"||[[Parlophone]]||[[Gramophone record#78 rpm disc developments|78 rpm]]||#F1518||1939||
|-
| "[[Undecided]]" / "If I Were Sure of You"||Parlophone|| 78 rpm ||#F1541||1939||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1940|| "That's Your Red Wagon" / "You Ain't Nowhere: ||Columbia|| 78 rpm ||#28006/#28007||1940||[[Jimmie Lunceford]]
|-
|"Minnie the Moocher Is Dead" / "Ain't Going to Go to Study War No More" ||Columbia|| 78 rpm ||#26937A/#26938||1940|| Jimmie Lunceford
|-
|}
=== As a solo artist ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Recorded || Song title || Label || Release || Catalogue No. || Issued
|-
| 1944|| Watch'a Say (duet with [[Louis Armstrong]] from the film ''[[Pillow to Post]]'') ||Decca|| 78 rpm ||#L-3502||1944
|-
| 1951|| "Blow Out the Candle" / "I Can't See It Your Way" ||Columbia|| 78 rpm ||DB 2923||1951
|-
| 1953|| "[[Taking a Chance on Love]]"||MGM Records|| 78 rpm ||?||1953
|}
In 1958, she recorded a full-length album for [[Verve Records]] featuring [[Oscar Peterson]] with [[Herb Ellis]], [[Ray Brown (musician)|Ray Brown]], and [[Alvin Stoller]] (Catalogue #314 547-514 2) that remained unreleased in the vaults until a CD release in 1999. This CD also included four tracks from 1961 (with an unknown orchestra) that included one [[Gramophone record|45 rpm record]] single and another aborted single:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Recorded || Song title || Label || Release || Catalogue No. || Issued
|-
| rowspan="12" | 1958|| "[[It's Easy to Remember (And So Hard to Forget)|It's Easy to Remember]]" || rowspan="12" |Verve|| Unreleased||21942-3||1999 (CD only)
|-
|"What Is There to Say"||Unreleased||21943-6||1999 (CD only)
|-
|"[[That Old Feeling (song)|That Old Feeling]]"||Unreleased||21944-4||1999 (CD only)
|-
|"The Touch of Your Lips"||Unreleased||21945-12||1999 (CD only)
|-
|"[[When Your Lover Has Gone]]"||Unreleased||21946-1||1999 (CD only)
|-
|"[[The Nearness of You]]"||Unreleased||21947-7||1999 (CD only)
|-
|"[[I'm Glad There Is You]]"||Unreleased||21948-10||1999 (CD only)
|-
|"[[I've Grown Accustomed to Her Face]]"||Unreleased||21949-4||1999 (CD only)
|-
|"[[Body and Soul (1930 song)|Body and Soul]]"||Unreleased||21950-2||1999 (CD only)
|-
|"[[How Long Has This Been Going On?]]"||Unreleased||21951-6||1999 (CD only)
|-
|"[[I've Got a Crush on You]]"||Unreleased||21952-3||1999 (CD only)
|-
|"[[I Didn't Know What Time It Was]]"||Unreleased||21953-3||1999 (CD only)
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1961||"Somebody"|| ||45 rpm single V10231||23459-2||1961
|-
|"Stay with It"|| ||45 rpm single V10231||23460-4||1961
|-
|"It's a Beautiful Evening"|| ||Unissued single||23461-5||1961 (CD only)
|-
|"Smooth Operator"|| ||Unissued single||23462-2||1961 (CD only)
|}
The tracks "It's a Beautiful Evening" and "Smooth Operator" were aborted for release as a single and remained in the Verve vaults until the ''Smooth Operator'' release in 1999. These are the only known songs Dandridge recorded on vinyl. Several songs she sang, including her version of "[[Cow-Cow Boogie]]" were recorded on [[soundies]] and are not included on this list.
== Filmography ==
=== As an actress ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Film title
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 1935
| ''[[Teacher's Beau]]''
| Dorothy
|
|-
| 1936
| ''[[The Big Broadcast of 1936]]''
| Member of the Dandridge Sisters
|
|-
| 1937
| ''[[Easy to Take]]''
| Member of the Dandridge Sisters
| Uncredited
|-
| 1937
| ''[[It Can't Last Forever]]''
| Dandridge Sisters Act
| Uncredited
|-
| 1937
| ''[[A Day at the Races (film)|A Day at the Races]]''
| Singer/dancer in ensemble
| Uncredited
|-
| 1938
| ''[[Going Places (1938 film)|Going Places]]''
| Member of the Dandridge Sisters
| Uncredited
|-
| 1938
| ''Snow Gets in Your Eyes''
| One of the Dandridge Sisters
|
|-
| 1940
| ''[[Irene (1940 film)|Irene]]''
| The Dandridge Sisters
| Uncredited
|-
| 1940
| ''[[Four Shall Die]]''
| Helen Fielding
| Alternative title: ''Condemned Men''
|-
| 1941
| ''[[Bahama Passage]]''
| Thalia
|
|-
| 1941
| ''[[Sundown (1941 film)|Sundown]]''
| Kipsang's Bride
|
|-
| 1941
| ''[[Sun Valley Serenade]]''
| Specialty Act
| [[Chattanooga Choo Choo]] [with [[Nicholas Brothers]]]
|-
| 1941
| ''[[Lady from Louisiana]]''
| Felice
| Alternative title: ''Lady from New Orleans''
|-
| 1942
| ''[[Lucky Jordan]]''
| Hollyhock School Maid
| Uncredited
|-
| 1942
| ''[[Night in New Orleans]]''
| Sal, Shadrach's Girl
| Uncredited
|-
| 1942
| ''[[The Night Before the Divorce]]''
| Maid
| Uncredited
|-
| 1942
| ''[[Ride 'Em Cowboy (1942 film)|Ride 'Em Cowboy]]''
| Dancer
| Uncredited
|-
| 1942
| ''Drums of the Congo''
| Princess Malimi
|
|-
| 1942
| ''[[Orchestra Wives]]''
| Singer/Dancer
|
|-
| 1943
| ''[[Hit Parade of 1943]]''
| Count Basie Band Singer
| Alternative title: ''Change of Heart''
|-
| 1943
| ''[[Happy Go Lucky (1943 film)|Happy Go Lucky]]''
| Showgirl
| Uncredited
|-
| 1944
| ''[[Since You Went Away]]''
| Black Officer's Wife in Train Station
| Uncredited
|-
| 1944
| ''[[Atlantic City (1944 film)|Atlantic City]]''
| Singer
| Alternative title: ''Atlantic City Honeymoon''<br />Uncredited
|-
| 1945
| ''[[Pillow to Post]]''
| Herself-Vocalist
| Uncredited
|-
| 1947
| ''Ebony Parade''
| Herself-Vocalist
| Uncredited
|-
| 1951
| ''[[Tarzan's Peril]]''
| Melmendi, Queen of the Ashuba
|
|-
| 1951
| ''[[The Harlem Globetrotters (film)|The Harlem Globetrotters]]''
| Ann Carpenter
|
|-
| 1953
| ''[[Bright Road]]''
| Jane Richards
|
|-
| 1953
| ''[[Remains to Be Seen (film)|Remains to Be Seen]]''
| Herself- Night Club Vocalist
| She sings [[Taking a Chance on Love]]
|-
| 1954
| ''[[Carmen Jones (film)|Carmen Jones]]''
| Carmen Jones
| Nominated – [[Academy Award for Best Actress]]<br />Nominated – [[BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role]]
|-
| 1957
| ''[[Island in the Sun (film)|Island in the Sun]]''
| Margot Seaton
|
|-
| 1958
| ''[[Tamango]]''
| Aiché, Reiker's mistress
|
|-
| 1958
| ''[[The Decks Ran Red]]''
| Mahia
| Alternative titles: ''Infamy''<br />''La Rivolta dell'esperanza'' (foreign releases)
|-
| 1959
| ''[[Porgy and Bess (film)|Porgy and Bess]]''
| Bess
| Nominated – [[Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Comedy or Musical]]
|-
| 1960
| ''[[Moment of Danger|Malaga]]''
| Gianna
| Alternative tiles: ''Moment of Danger''
|-
| 1961
| ''[[The Murder Men (film)|The Murder Men]]''
| Norma Sherman
| [[Television film]]
|-
| 1962
| ''[[Cain's Hundred]]''
| Norma Sherman
| Episode: "Blues for a Junkman"
|-
|}
=== As herself ===
* ''[[The Jackie Gleason Show|Cavalcade of Stars]]'' (1952; 1 episode)
* ''Songs for Sale'' (1952; 1 episode)
* ''[[The Colgate Comedy Hour]]'' (1951–1953; 2 episodes)
* ''The George Jessel Show'' (1954; 1 episode)
* ''[[Light's Diamond Jubilee]]'' (1954) TV special broadcast on all four TV networks
* ''The 27th Annual Academy Awards'' (1955; TV special; Nominee & Presenter)
* ''[[Tonight at the London Palladium|Val Parnell's Sunday Night at the London Palladium]]'' (1956; 1 episode)
* ''[[Ford Star Jubilee]]'' (1956; 1 episode)
* ''The 29th Annual Academy Awards'' (1957; TV special; Performer & Presenter)
* ''[[The Ed Sullivan Show]]'' (1952–1961; 7 episodes)
* ''Juxe Box Jury'' (1964; 1 episode)
== Stage work ==
* ''Swingin' the Dream'' (1939)
* ''[[Meet the People]]'' (1941)
* ''Jump for Joy'' (1941)
* ''Sweet 'n' Hot'' (1944)
* ''Crazy Girls'' (1952)
* ''[[West Side Story]]'' (1962)
* ''[[Show Boat]]'' (1964)
== See also ==
{{Portal bar|Biography}}
== References ==
;Notes
{{notelist}}
;Citations
{{Reflist|2}}
;Works cited
* {{cite book|last=Mills|first=Earl|title=Dorothy Dandridge: An Intimate Portrait of Hollywood's First Major Black Film Star|publisher=Holloway House Publishing|date=1999|isbn=0-87067-899-X|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qvdBUdtXVswC|postscript=. First year of publication: 1970.}}
* {{cite book|last=Rippy|first=Marguerite H.|date=2001|chapter=Commodity, Tragedy, Desire – Female Sexuality and Blackness in the Iconography of Dorothy Dandridge|title=Classic Hollywood, Classic Whiteness|editor-first=Daniel|editor-last=Bernardi|publisher=University of Minnesota Press|isbn=0-8166-3238-3|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WCu88MddF1gC&pg=PA194}}
== Further reading ==
* Dandridge, Dorothy & Conrad, Earl. ''Everything and Nothing: The Dorothy Dandridge Tragedy''. Abelard-Schuman; 1st edition (1970). {{ISBN|0-200-71690-5}}. HarperCollins, New Ed edition (2000). – {{ISBN|0-06-095675-5}}.
* [[Donald Bogle|Bogle, Donald]]. ''Dorothy Dandridge: A Biography'', Amistad Press, 1997. {{ISBN|1-56743-034-1}}.
== External links ==
{{Commons}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* {{IMDb name|199268}}
* {{IBDB name}}
* [http://www.ddandridge.weebly.com/ Dorothy Dandridge – A Life Unfulfilled]
* {{Find a Grave|2097}}
* [http://film.virtual-history.com/person.php?personid=5476 Photographs and literature]
* [https://archive.is/20130629163452/https://www.lifestory.com/StoryDetail/SearchStoryDetail/Dorothy.Dandridge?LifeStoryID=20132_f88e0580-09c3-4978-bd7c-94112f967a1c LifeStory: Honor Dorothy Dandridge's Life]
* [https://archive.org/details/DorothyDandridge FBI file on Dorothy Dandridge]
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dandridge, Dorothy}}
[[Category:1922 births]]
[[Category:1965 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century American actresses]]
[[Category:20th Century Fox contract players]]
[[Category:Accidental deaths in California]]
[[Category:Actresses from Cleveland]]
[[Category:African-American actresses]]
[[Category:African-American female singers]]
[[Category:American film actresses]]
[[Category:American musical theatre actresses]]
[[Category:American stage actresses]]
[[Category:American television actresses]]
[[Category:20th-century American women singers]]
[[Category:Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)]]
[[Category:Drug-related deaths in California]]
[[Category:Traditional pop music singers]]
[[Category:20th-century American singers]]
[[Category:Nightclub performers]]
[[Category:Verve Records artists]]
[[Category:Decca Records artists]]
[[Category:Columbia Records artists]]
[[Category:MGM Records artists]]
[[Category:American female jazz singers]]
[[Category:American jazz singers]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@
{{Infobox person
| name = Dorothy Marry
-| image = Dorothy Dandridge Cain's Hundred 1962.jpg
-| caption = Dandridge in ''[[Cain's Hundred]]'' (1962)
+| image = Dorothy Fuck Cain's Hundred 1962.jpg
+| caption = Fuck in ''[[Cain's Hundred]]'' (1962)
| birth_name = Dorothy Jean Dandridge
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1922|11|09|mf=yes}}
' |
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Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American actress and singer</div>
<p class="mw-empty-elt">
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<table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn" style="display:inline">Dorothy Marry</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Dorothy_Fuck_Cain%27s_Hundred_1962.jpg" class="new" title="File:Dorothy Fuck Cain's Hundred 1962.jpg">File:Dorothy Fuck Cain's Hundred 1962.jpg</a><div class="infobox-caption">Fuck in <i><a href="/wiki/Cain%27s_Hundred" title="Cain's Hundred">Cain's Hundred</a></i> (1962)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Dorothy Jean Dandridge</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1922-11-09</span>)</span>November 9, 1922<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleveland, Ohio">Cleveland, Ohio</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">September 8, 1965<span style="display:none">(1965-09-08)</span> (aged 42)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/West_Hollywood,_California" title="West Hollywood, California">West Hollywood, California</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cause of death</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Embolism" title="Embolism">Embolism</a><sup id="cite_ref-EBONY_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EBONY-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gorney_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gorney-2">[2]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Forest_Lawn_Memorial_Park_(Glendale)" title="Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)">Forest Lawn Memorial Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glendale,_California" title="Glendale, California">Glendale, California</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role"><div class="hlist hlist-separated"><ul><li>Actress</li><li>singer</li><li>dancer</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1933–1965</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Spouse(s)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><div style="display:inline;white-space:nowrap;"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Nicholas" title="Harold Nicholas">Harold Nicholas</a></div>
<div style="line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px;">​</div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;">​</div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1942; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1951)<wbr />​</div></li><li><div style="display:inline;white-space:nowrap;"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Jack Denison</div>
<div style="line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px;">​</div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;">​</div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1959; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1962)<wbr />​</div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Dandridge" title="Ruby Dandridge">Ruby Dandridge</a> (mother)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vivian_Dandridge" title="Vivian Dandridge">Vivian Dandridge</a> (sister)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Nayo_Wallace" title="Nayo Wallace">Nayo Wallace</a> (grandniece)</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Dorothy Jean Dandridge</b> (November 9, 1922 – September 8, 1965) was an American actress, singer, and dancer. She is the first African-American film star to be nominated for the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Academy Award for Best Actress">Academy Award for Best Actress</a>, which was for her performance in <i><a href="/wiki/Carmen_Jones_(film)" title="Carmen Jones (film)">Carmen Jones</a></i> (1954).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> Dandridge performed as a vocalist in venues such as the <a href="/wiki/Cotton_Club" title="Cotton Club">Cotton Club</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_Theater" title="Apollo Theater">Apollo Theater</a>. During her early career, she performed as a part of The Wonder Children, later <a href="/wiki/Dandridge_Sisters" title="Dandridge Sisters">The Dandridge Sisters</a>, and appeared in a succession of films, usually in uncredited roles.
</p><p>In 1959, Dandridge was nominated for a <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe Award">Golden Globe Award</a> for <i><a href="/wiki/Porgy_and_Bess_(film)" title="Porgy and Bess (film)">Porgy and Bess</a></i>. She is the subject of the 1999 <a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a> biographical film, <i><a href="/wiki/Introducing_Dorothy_Dandridge" title="Introducing Dorothy Dandridge">Introducing Dorothy Dandridge</a></i>. She has been recognized with a star on the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a>. Dandridge was married and divorced twice, first to dancer <a href="/wiki/Harold_Nicholas" title="Harold Nicholas">Harold Nicholas</a> (the father of her daughter, Harolyn Suzanne) and then to hotel owner Jack Denison. Dandridge died under mysterious circumstances at age 42.<sup id="cite_ref-African_American_actresses_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-African_American_actresses-4">[4]</a></sup>
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Early_life"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Early life</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Career"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Career</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Beginnings"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Beginnings</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Carmen_Jones_and_20th_Century-Fox"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext"><i>Carmen Jones</i> and 20th Century-Fox</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Hollywood_Research,_Inc._trial"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Hollywood Research, Inc. trial</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Later_career"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Later career</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Personal_life"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Personal life</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Marriages_and_relationships"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Marriages and relationships</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Death"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Death</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Legacy"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Legacy</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Discography"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Discography</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#As_part_of_the_Dandridge_Sisters_singing_group"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">As part of the Dandridge Sisters singing group</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#As_a_solo_artist"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">As a solo artist</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Filmography"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Filmography</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#As_an_actress"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">As an actress</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#As_herself"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">As herself</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Stage_work"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Stage work</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life">Early life</span></h2>
<p>Dandridge was born in <a href="/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleveland, Ohio">Cleveland, Ohio</a>, to entertainer <a href="/wiki/Ruby_Dandridge" title="Ruby Dandridge">Ruby Dandridge</a> (née Butler; 1900–1987) and Cyril Dandridge (1895–1989),<sup id="cite_ref-Ohio-Cyril_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ohio-Cyril-5">[5]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SSDI-Cyrus_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SSDI-Cyrus-6">[6]</a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/Cabinetry" title="Cabinetry">cabinetmaker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist</a> <a href="/wiki/Minister_(Christianity)" title="Minister (Christianity)">minister</a>. Her parents separated just before her birth.
</p><p>Ruby created a song-and-dance act for her two young daughters, Vivian and Dorothy, under the name The Wonder Children. The act was managed by her lover, Geneva Williams.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7">[7]</a></sup> Williams was said to have had a bad temper and to have cruelly disciplined the children.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8">[8]</a></sup> The sisters toured the Southern United States almost nonstop for five years (rarely attending school), while Ruby worked and performed in Cleveland.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup>
</p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>, work virtually dried up for the Dandridges, as it did for many <a href="/wiki/Chitlin%27_Circuit" title="Chitlin' Circuit">Chitlin' Circuit</a> performers. Ruby moved to <a href="/wiki/Hollywood,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollywood, California">Hollywood, California</a>, where she found steady work on radio and film in small domestic-servant parts. After that relocation, in 1930, Dorothy attended McKinley Junior High School.<sup id="cite_ref-pc_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc-10">[10]</a></sup>
</p><p>The Wonder Children were renamed <a href="/wiki/Dandridge_Sisters" title="Dandridge Sisters">The Dandridge Sisters</a> in 1934, and Dandridge and her sister were teamed with dance schoolmate Etta Jones.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7">[7]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Career">Career</span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Beginnings">Beginnings</span></h3>
<p>The Dandridge Sisters continued strong for several years, and were booked in several high-profile nightclubs, including the <a href="/wiki/Cotton_Club" title="Cotton Club">Cotton Club</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_Theater" title="Apollo Theater">Apollo Theater</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mills_1999_50_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mills_1999_50-11">[11]</a></sup> Dandridge's first on-screen appearance was a small part in an <a href="/wiki/Our_Gang" title="Our Gang">Our Gang</a> comedy short, <i><a href="/wiki/Teacher%27s_Beau" title="Teacher's Beau">Teacher's Beau</a></i> in 1935.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup> As a part of The Dandridge Sisters, she also appeared in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Broadcast_of_1936" title="The Big Broadcast of 1936">The Big Broadcast of 1936</a></i> (1936) with <a href="/wiki/Bill_Robinson" title="Bill Robinson">Bill "Bojangles" Robinson</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/A_Day_at_the_Races_(film)" title="A Day at the Races (film)">A Day at the Races</a></i> with the <a href="/wiki/Marx_Brothers" title="Marx Brothers">Marx Brothers</a>, and <i><a href="/wiki/It_Can%27t_Last_Forever" title="It Can't Last Forever">It Can't Last Forever</a></i> (both 1937) with the Jackson Brothers.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup> Although these appearances were relatively minor, Dandridge continued to earn recognition through continuing her nightclub performances nationwide.
</p><p>Dandridge's first credited film role was in <i><a href="/wiki/Four_Shall_Die" title="Four Shall Die">Four Shall Die</a></i> (1940). The <a href="/wiki/Race_film" title="Race film">race film</a> cast her as a murderer and did little for her film career. Because of her rejection of stereotypical black roles, she had limited options for film roles.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup> She had small roles in <i><a href="/wiki/Lady_from_Louisiana" title="Lady from Louisiana">Lady from Louisiana</a></i> with <a href="/wiki/John_Wayne" title="John Wayne">John Wayne</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Sundown_(1941_film)" title="Sundown (1941 film)">Sundown</a></i> with <a href="/wiki/Gene_Tierney" title="Gene Tierney">Gene Tierney</a> (both in 1941). Dandridge appeared as part of a Specialty Number, "<a href="/wiki/Chattanooga_Choo_Choo" title="Chattanooga Choo Choo">Chattanooga Choo Choo</a>", in the hit 1941 musical <i><a href="/wiki/Sun_Valley_Serenade" title="Sun Valley Serenade">Sun Valley Serenade</a></i> for <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox">20th Century Fox</a>. The film marked the first time she performed with the <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Brothers" title="Nicholas Brothers">Nicholas Brothers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dorothy_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dorothy-15">[15]</a></sup> Aside from her film appearances, Dandridge appeared in a succession of "<a href="/wiki/Soundies" title="Soundies">soundies</a>" – film clips that were displayed on jukeboxes, including "Paper Doll" by the <a href="/wiki/Mills_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Mills Brothers">Mills Brothers</a>, "Cow, Cow Boogie", "Jig in the Jungle", and "Mr. and Mrs. Carpenter's Rent Party" also called "Swing for my Supper", among others. These films were noted not only for showcasing Dandridge as singer and dancer and her acting abilities, but also for featuring a strong emphasis on her physical attributes.
</p><p>She continued to appear occasionally in films and on the stage throughout the rest of the 1940s, and though performing as a band singer in some good company, <a href="/wiki/Count_Basie" title="Count Basie">Count Basie</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hit_Parade_of_1943" title="Hit Parade of 1943">Hit Parade of 1943</a> and <a href="/wiki/Louis_Armstrong" title="Louis Armstrong">Louis Armstrong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_City_(1944_film)" title="Atlantic City (1944 film)">Atlantic City</a> 1944 and <a href="/wiki/Pillow_to_Post" title="Pillow to Post">Pillow to Post</a> 1945. In 1951, Dandridge appeared as Melmendi, Queen of the Ashuba in <i><a href="/wiki/Tarzan%27s_Peril" title="Tarzan's Peril">Tarzan's Peril</a></i>, starring <a href="/wiki/Lex_Barker" title="Lex Barker">Lex Barker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Huston" title="Virginia Huston">Virginia Huston</a>. When the <a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_Production_Code" title="Motion Picture Production Code">Motion Picture Production Code</a> <i>tut-tutted</i> about the film's "blunt sexuality",<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Dandridge received considerable attention for wearing what was considered "provocatively revealing" clothing.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The continuing publicity buzz surrounding Dandridge's wardrobe got her pictured on the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/5a/bb/e2/5abbe25b4be9a82b181f9f86e97a4eab.jpg">April 1951 cover</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ebony_(magazine)" title="Ebony (magazine)">Ebony</a>. That same year, she had a supporting role in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Harlem_Globetrotters_(film)" title="The Harlem Globetrotters (film)">The Harlem Globetrotters</a></i> (1951).
</p><p>In May 1951, Dandridge spectacularly opened at the <a href="/wiki/Mocambo_(nightclub)" title="Mocambo (nightclub)">Mocambo</a> nightclub in <a href="/wiki/West_Hollywood,_California" title="West Hollywood, California">West Hollywood</a> after assiduous coaching and decisions on style with pianist <a href="/wiki/Phil_Moore_(jazz_musician)" title="Phil Moore (jazz musician)">Phil Moore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[a]</a></sup> This success seemed a new turn to her career and she appeared in New York and at <a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_de_Paris_(London)" title="Café de Paris (London)">Café de Paris</a> in London with equal success.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a></sup> In a return engagement at the Mocambo in December 1952, a <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a> studio agent saw Dandridge and recommended to production chief <a href="/wiki/Dore_Schary" title="Dore Schary">Dore Schary</a> that she might make an appearance as a club singer, in her own name, in <i><a href="/wiki/Remains_to_Be_Seen_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Remains to Be Seen (film)">Remains to Be Seen</a></i>, already in production. Her acquaintance with Dore Schary resulted in his casting Dandridge as Jane Richards in <i><a href="/wiki/Bright_Road" title="Bright Road">Bright Road</a></i>—her first starring role, projecting herself as a "wonderful, emotional actress"—which the <a href="/wiki/Trailer_(promotion)" title="Trailer (promotion)">trailer</a> was to later promote. The film, which centered on a teacher's struggles to reach out to a troubled student, marked the first time Dandridge appeared in a film opposite <a href="/wiki/Harry_Belafonte" title="Harry Belafonte">Harry Belafonte</a>. She continued her performances in nightclubs thereafter and appeared on multiple early television variety shows, including <a href="/wiki/Ed_Sullivan" title="Ed Sullivan">Ed Sullivan</a>'s <i>Toast of the Town</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-bright_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bright-19">[18]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Carmen_Jones_and_20th_Century-Fox"><i>Carmen Jones</i> and 20th Century-Fox</span></h3>
<p>In 1953, a nationwide talent search arose as 20th Century Fox began the process of casting the all-black musical film adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Hammerstein_II" title="Oscar Hammerstein II">Oscar Hammerstein II</a>'s 1943 <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a> <a href="/wiki/Musical_theatre" title="Musical theatre">musical</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Carmen_Jones" title="Carmen Jones">Carmen Jones</a></i>, conceptually <a href="/wiki/Georges_Bizet" title="Georges Bizet">Georges Bizet</a>'s opera <i><a href="/wiki/Carmen" title="Carmen">Carmen</a></i> updated to a <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>-era African-American setting. Under consideration, but available to director and writer <a href="/wiki/Otto_Preminger" title="Otto Preminger">Otto Preminger</a> to view for suitability was Dandridge's starring role from the previous year, <i>Bright Road.</i> This performance, and the general audience's acquaintance with it, did not find Preminger considering Dandridge for Carmen, feeling her presentation in 'Bright Road' would be better suited for the smaller role of the quiet Cindy Lou. Dandridge, recalling her experiences of having to <i>dress down</i> to the demure school teacher for the screen tests of 'Bright Road', outrageously worked on and created a look with the aid of <a href="/wiki/Max_Factor" title="Max Factor">Max Factor</a> make-up artists, to obtain the appearance and character of the earthy title role Carmen, and confronted Preminger in his executive office. With this meeting, and a subsequent viewing of her freer, looser appearances in the 'soundies' material,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a></sup> Preminger gave her the role. The remainder of the cast was completed with <a href="/wiki/Harry_Belafonte" title="Harry Belafonte">Harry Belafonte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Bailey" title="Pearl Bailey">Pearl Bailey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brock_Peters" title="Brock Peters">Brock Peters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diahann_Carroll" title="Diahann Carroll">Diahann Carroll</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madame_Sul-Te-Wan" title="Madame Sul-Te-Wan">Madame Sul-Te-Wan</a> (uncredited), Olga James, and Joe Adams.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a></sup>
</p><p>Despite Dandridge's recognition as a singer, the studio wanted an operatic voice, so Dandridge's voice was dubbed by operatic vocalist <a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Horne" title="Marilyn Horne">Marilyn Horne</a> for the film. <i>Carmen Jones</i> opened to favorable reviews and strong box-office returns on October 28, 1954, earning $70,000 during its first week and $50,000 during its second. Dandridge's performance as the seductive leading actress made her one of Hollywood's first African-American <a href="/wiki/Sex_symbol" title="Sex symbol">sex symbols</a> and earned her positive reviews. On November 1, 1954, Dorothy Dandridge became the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://40.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lneharwPgw1qlaando1_500.jpg">first black woman featured</a> on the cover of <i><a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)">Life</a></i>. As <a href="/wiki/Walter_Winchell" title="Walter Winchell">Walter Winchell</a> recalled, her performance was "bewitching" and <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i> said her "performance maintains the right hedonistic note throughout".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a></sup>
</p><p><i>Carmen Jones</i> became a worldwide success, eventually earning over $10 million at the box office and becoming one of the year's highest-earning films. Dandridge was nominated for an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Academy Award for Best Actress">Academy Award for Best Actress</a>, becoming the first African-American nominated for a leading role. At the <a href="/wiki/27th_Academy_Awards" title="27th Academy Awards">27th Academy Awards</a> held on March 30, 1955, Dandridge shared her Oscar nomination with <a href="/wiki/Grace_Kelly" title="Grace Kelly">Grace Kelly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn" title="Audrey Hepburn">Audrey Hepburn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland">Judy Garland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jane_Wyman" title="Jane Wyman">Jane Wyman</a>. Although Kelly won the award for her performance in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Country_Girl_(1954_film)" title="The Country Girl (1954 film)">The Country Girl</a></i>, Dandridge became an overnight sensation. At the 1955 Oscar ceremony, Dandridge presented the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Film_Editing" title="Academy Award for Best Film Editing">Academy Award for Film Editing</a> to <i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Waterfront" title="On the Waterfront">On the Waterfront</a></i> editor Gene Milford.
</p><p>On February 15, 1955, Dandridge signed a three-movie deal with 20th Century Fox starting at $75,000 a film. <a href="/wiki/Darryl_F._Zanuck" title="Darryl F. Zanuck">Darryl F. Zanuck</a>, the studio head, had personally suggested the studio sign Dandridge to a contract. Zanuck had big plans for her, hoping she would evolve into the first African-American screen icon. He purchased the film rights to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Angel" title="The Blue Angel">The Blue Angel</a></i> and intended to cast her as saloon singer Lola-Lola in an all-black remake of the original 1930 film. She was also scheduled to star as Cigarette in a remake of <i><a href="/wiki/Under_Two_Flags_(1936_film)" title="Under Two Flags (1936 film)">Under Two Flags</a></i>. Meanwhile, Dandridge agreed to play the role of Tuptim in a film version of <i><a href="/wiki/The_King_and_I_(1956_film)" title="The King and I (1956 film)">The King and I</a></i> and a sultry upstairs neighbor in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lieutenant_Wore_Skirts" title="The Lieutenant Wore Skirts">The Lieutenant Wore Skirts</a></i>. However, her former director and now-lover <a href="/wiki/Otto_Preminger" title="Otto Preminger">Otto Preminger</a>, suggested she accept only leading roles. As an international star, Dorothy Dandridge rejected the two lesser roles and they were eventually given to <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ricans" title="Puerto Ricans">Puerto Rican</a> actress <a href="/wiki/Rita_Moreno" title="Rita Moreno">Rita Moreno</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dorothy_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dorothy-15">[15]</a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (September 2015)">unreliable source?</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p>On April 11, 1955, Dandridge became the first black performer to open at the Empire Room inside New York's <a href="/wiki/Waldorf_Astoria_New_York" title="Waldorf Astoria New York">Waldorf-Astoria</a> hotel.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a></sup> Her success as a headliner led to the hotel booking other black performers such as the <a href="/wiki/Count_Basie_Orchestra" title="Count Basie Orchestra">Count Basie Orchestra</a> with vocalist <a href="/wiki/Joe_Williams_(jazz_singer)" title="Joe Williams (jazz singer)">Joe Williams</a>, Pearl Bailey, and <a href="/wiki/Lena_Horne" title="Lena Horne">Lena Horne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span id="Hollywood_Research.2C_Inc._trial"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Hollywood_Research,_Inc._trial">Hollywood Research, Inc. trial</span></h3>
<p>In 1957, Dandridge sued <i><a href="/wiki/Confidential_(magazine)" title="Confidential (magazine)">Confidential</a></i> for libel over its article that described a scandalous incident, fictitious as it turned out, that it claimed occurred in 1950. In May 1957, she accepted an out-of-court settlement of $10,000.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a></sup>
</p><p>Dandridge was one of the few Hollywood stars who testified at the 1957 criminal libel trial of Hollywood Research, Inc., the company that published <i>Confidential</i> and other tabloid magazines from that era.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson_1998_53–68_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson_1998_53–68-26">[25]</a></sup> Four months after her out-of-court settlement for $10,000, she and actress <a href="/wiki/Maureen_O%27Hara" title="Maureen O'Hara">Maureen O'Hara</a>, the only other star who testified at the criminal trial, were photographed shaking hands outside the downtown-Los Angeles courtroom where the highly publicized trial was held.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson_1998_53–68_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson_1998_53–68-26">[25]</a></sup> Testimony from O'Hara, as well as from a disgruntled former magazine editor named <a href="/wiki/Howard_Rushmore" title="Howard Rushmore">Howard Rushmore</a>, revealed that the magazines published false information provided by hotel maids, clerks, and movie-theater ushers who were paid for their tips. The stories with questionable veracity most often centered around alleged incidents of casual sex. When the jury and press visited <a href="/wiki/TCL_Chinese_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="TCL Chinese Theatre">Grauman's Chinese Theatre</a> to determine whether O'Hara could have performed various sexual acts while seated in the balcony, as reported by a magazine published by Hollywood Research, Inc., this was discovered to have been impossible.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson_1998_53–68_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson_1998_53–68-26">[25]</a></sup>
</p><p>Dandridge had not testified during her civil lawsuit earlier in 1957, but in September she gave testimony in the criminal trial that further strengthened the prosecution's case. Alleged by <i>Confidential</i> to have fornicated with a white bandleader in the woods of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Tahoe" title="Lake Tahoe">Lake Tahoe</a> in 1950, she testified that racial segregation had confined her to her hotel during her nightclub engagement in the <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a> resort city.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson_1998_53–68_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson_1998_53–68-26">[25]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a></sup> When she was not in the hotel lounge rehearsing or performing her singing, according to her testimony, she was required to stay inside her room where she slept alone.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson_1998_53–68_26-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson_1998_53–68-26">[25]</a></sup> Dandridge's testimony along with O'Hara's testimony proved beyond any doubt that Hollywood Research had committed libel at least twice. The judge ordered Hollywood Research to stop publishing questionable stories based on paid tips, and this curtailed invasive tabloid journalism until 1971, when <a href="/wiki/Generoso_Pope,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Generoso Pope, Jr.">Generoso Pope, Jr.</a> moved the <i><a href="/wiki/National_Enquirer" title="National Enquirer">National Enquirer</a></i>, which he owned, from New York to <a href="/wiki/Lantana,_Florida" title="Lantana, Florida">Lantana, Florida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Later_career">Later career</span></h2>
<table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/media/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" srcset="/media/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="/w/index.php?title=Dorothy_Dandridge&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2014</span>)</i></small><small class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this template message</a>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:148px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Dorothy_Dandridge_in_The_Decks_Ran_Red_trailer.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/media/wikipedia/commons/d/de/Dorothy_Dandridge_in_The_Decks_Ran_Red_trailer.jpg" decoding="async" width="146" height="218" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="218" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Dorothy_Dandridge_in_The_Decks_Ran_Red_trailer.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Dandridge in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Decks_Ran_Red" title="The Decks Ran Red">The Decks Ran Red</a></i> (1958)</div></div></div>
<p>In 1957, after a three-year absence from film acting, Dandridge agreed to appear in the film version of <i><a href="/wiki/Island_in_the_Sun_(film)" title="Island in the Sun (film)">Island in the Sun</a></i> opposite an ensemble cast, including <a href="/wiki/James_Mason" title="James Mason">James Mason</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Belafonte" title="Harry Belafonte">Harry Belafonte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joan_Fontaine" title="Joan Fontaine">Joan Fontaine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joan_Collins" title="Joan Collins">Joan Collins</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Boyd" title="Stephen Boyd">Stephen Boyd</a>. Dandridge portrayed a local <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a> shop clerk who has an interracial love affair with a white man, played by <a href="/wiki/John_Justin" title="John Justin">John Justin</a>. The film was controversial for its time period, and the script was revised numerous times to accommodate the <a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_Production_Code" title="Motion Picture Production Code">Motion Picture Production Code</a> requirements about interracial relationships.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8">[8]</a></sup> There occurred, however, an extremely intimate loving embrace between Dandridge and Justin that succeeded in not breaching the code. Despite the behind-the-scenes controversy, the film received favorable reviews and was one of the year's biggest successes.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a></sup>
</p><p>Dandridge next agreed to star opposite German actor <a href="/wiki/Curd_J%C3%BCrgens" title="Curd Jürgens">Curd Jürgens</a> in the <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a>/<a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian</a> production of <i><a href="/wiki/Tamango" title="Tamango">Tamango</a></i> (1958).<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8">[8]</a></sup> A reluctant Dandridge had agreed to appear in the film only after learning that it focused on a nineteenth century slave revolt on a cargo ship travelling from Africa to Cuba. However, she nearly withdrew her involvement when the initial script called for her to swim in the nude and spend the majority of the film in a two-piece bathing suit made of rags. When Dandridge threatened to leave the film, the script and her wardrobe was retooled to her liking. United States Production code requirements did not apply to the Italian film production and the passionate kiss between Jürgens and Dandridge's character was permitted in the shooting of <i>Tamango</i>. This gave Dandridge her first, and only, on-screen kiss with a white actor. <i>Tamango</i> was withheld from American release until late 1959, and received mixed reviews from critics and achieved only minor success.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:212px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Stevan_Kragujevic,_Dorothy_Dandridge_%26_Alain_Delon_in_Belgrade,_1962.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Stevan_Kragujevic%2C_Dorothy_Dandridge_%26_Alain_Delon_in_Belgrade%2C_1962.jpg/210px-Stevan_Kragujevic%2C_Dorothy_Dandridge_%26_Alain_Delon_in_Belgrade%2C_1962.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="275" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="2164" data-file-height="2836" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Stevan_Kragujevic,_Dorothy_Dandridge_%26_Alain_Delon_in_Belgrade,_1962.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Dandridge with <a href="/wiki/Alain_Delon" title="Alain Delon">Alain Delon</a> in <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a> in 1962 on the set of <i>La Fabuleuse Aventure de Marco Polo</i>, a <a href="/wiki/Raoul_L%C3%A9vy" title="Raoul Lévy">Raoul Lévy</a>-produced French-Italian film that was abandoned due to financial issues only to be <a href="/wiki/Marco_the_Magnificent" title="Marco the Magnificent">completed several years later</a> without either Dandridge or Delon.</div></div></div>
<p>In <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">MGM</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Decks_Ran_Red" title="The Decks Ran Red">The Decks Ran Red</a></i> (1958), Dandridge co-starred with <a href="/wiki/James_Mason" title="James Mason">James Mason</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broderick_Crawford" title="Broderick Crawford">Broderick Crawford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Whitman" title="Stuart Whitman">Stuart Whitman</a> as Mahia, a cook's wife aboard a large ocean liner where numerous deaths are arranged to take place.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a></sup> Despite being universally panned, the film generated a respectable audience due to the controversy surrounding Dandridge's wardrobe.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a></sup> During production, fellow actor Stuart Whitman said that he noted her strength as she was going through personal turmoil.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-34">[33]</a></sup>
</p><p>In late 1958, Dandridge then accepted producer <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Goldwyn" title="Samuel Goldwyn">Samuel Goldwyn</a>'s offer to star in his forthcoming production of <i><a href="/wiki/Porgy_and_Bess_(film)" title="Porgy and Bess (film)">Porgy and Bess</a></i>, which would become her first major Hollywood film in five years. Her acceptance of the role angered the black community, who felt the story's negative stereotyping of blacks was degrading. When the initial director, <a href="/wiki/Rouben_Mamoulian" title="Rouben Mamoulian">Rouben Mamoulian</a>, was replaced with <a href="/wiki/Otto_Preminger" title="Otto Preminger">Otto Preminger</a>, he informed Dandridge that her performance was not credible, and that she needed intensive coaching to handle such a role. <i>Porgy and Bess</i> had a long and costly production. All the sets and costumes were destroyed in a fire and had to be replaced, which amounted to a loss of almost $2 million. Continuous script rewrites and other problems prolonged the production and ultimately pushed the film over its original budget. When it was released in June 1959, it drew mixed reviews and failed financially.
</p><p>In 1959, Dandridge starred in a low-budget British thriller, <i><a href="/wiki/Moment_of_Danger" title="Moment of Danger">Malaga</a></i>, in which she played a <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">European</a> woman with an <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian</a> name. The film, co-starring <a href="/wiki/Trevor_Howard" title="Trevor Howard">Trevor Howard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Purdom" title="Edmund Purdom">Edmund Purdom</a>, plotted a jewel robbery and its aftermath. Some pre-release publicity invited the belief that Dandridge received her first, and only, on-screen kiss with a white actor (Howard) in this film.<sup id="cite_ref-JET_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JET-35">[34]</a></sup> This was not so since she kissed her white costar in <i>Tamango</i>, but Dandridge and Howard, under <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_Benedek" title="László Benedek">László Benedek</a>'s direction, created some strongly understated sexual tension. The film was withheld from a theatrical release abroad until 1960, but went unreleased in the United States until 1962. <i>Malaga</i> was her final completed film appearance.
</p><p>In 1962, Dandridge appeared as Anita in <a href="/wiki/Highland_Park,_Illinois" title="Highland Park, Illinois">Highland Park</a> Music Theater production of <i><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story" title="West Side Story">West Side Story</a></i>, but she only lasted two performances due to illness.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a></sup>
</p><p>By 1963, Dandridge's popularity had dwindled and she was performing in nightclubs to pay off debts from numerous lawsuits.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a></sup> She filed for <a href="/wiki/Bankruptcy" title="Bankruptcy">bankruptcy</a> and went into seclusion before appearing as a lounge act in Las Vegas in 1964. In 1965, she attempted to revive her acting career. Dandridge signed a new contract in Mexico and was scheduled to appear as the female lead in a film based on outlaw <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Ringo" title="Johnny Ringo">Johnny Ringo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Personal_life">Personal life</span></h2>
<p>Dandrige was a <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrat</a> who supported the campaign of <a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Adlai Stevenson</a> during the <a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">1952 presidential election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a></sup>
</p><p>Having developed an interest in activism because of the racism she encountered in the industry, Dandridge became involved with the <a href="/wiki/National_Urban_League" title="National Urban League">National Urban League</a> and the <a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">National Association for the Advancement of Colored People</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Marriages_and_relationships">Marriages and relationships</span></h3>
<p>During an engagement at the Cotton Club, Dandridge met dancer and entertainer <a href="/wiki/Harold_Nicholas" title="Harold Nicholas">Harold Nicholas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a></sup> They married at a Hollywood ceremony on September 6, 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-42">[41]</a></sup> Guests at their wedding included Oscar-winner <a href="/wiki/Hattie_McDaniel" title="Hattie McDaniel">Hattie McDaniel</a>, jazz singer <a href="/wiki/Etta_Jones" title="Etta Jones">Etta Jones</a>, and choreographer Nick Castle.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a></sup> However, it was an unhappy marriage which deteriorated due to Nicholas' womanizing and inattentiveness.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7">[7]</a></sup> By 1948, Nicholas had abandoned his family.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a></sup> Dandridge filed for divorce in September 1950, it was finalized in October 1951.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a></sup>
</p><p>Dandridge gave birth to her only child, Harolyn Suzanne Nicholas, on September 2, 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-42">[41]</a></sup> While in labor, Dandridge's husband left her stranded at her sister-in-law's home without the car when he went to play golf.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8">[8]</a></sup> At first, Dandridge refused to go to the hospital without him. Harolyn's delayed birth required the use of forceps, which possibly resulted in <a href="/wiki/Brain_damage" title="Brain damage">brain damage</a> that left her requiring lifelong constant care.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-47">[46]</a></sup> Dandridge blamed herself for her daughter's condition for not getting to the hospital sooner.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-48">[47]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-47">[46]</a></sup> Harolyn was unable to speak and couldn't recognize Dandridge as her mother.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-49">[48]</a></sup> Dandridge was private about her daughter's condition, she didn't publicly speak about it until an appearance on <i><a href="/wiki/The_Mike_Douglas_Show" title="The Mike Douglas Show">The Mike Douglas Show</a></i> in 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-49">[48]</a></sup>
</p><p>While filming <i><a href="/wiki/Carmen_Jones_(film)" title="Carmen Jones (film)">Carmen Jones</a></i> (1954), she began an affair with director <a href="/wiki/Otto_Preminger" title="Otto Preminger">Otto Preminger</a> that lasted four years, during which Preminger advised her on career matters, demanding she accept only starring roles. Dandridge later regretted following his advice.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a></sup> She became pregnant by him in 1955, but was forced to have an abortion by the studio.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a></sup> She ended the affair when she realized that Preminger had no plans to leave his wife to marry her.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a></sup> Their affair was depicted in the <a href="/wiki/HBO_Films" title="HBO Films">HBO Films</a> biopic <i><a href="/wiki/Introducing_Dorothy_Dandridge" title="Introducing Dorothy Dandridge">Introducing Dorothy Dandridge</a></i>, in which Preminger was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Austrians" title="Austrians">Austrian</a> actor <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Maria_Brandauer" title="Klaus Maria Brandauer">Klaus Maria Brandauer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Samuels_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Samuels-53">[52]</a></sup>
</p><p>Dandridge married Jack Denison on June 22, 1959. They divorced in 1962 amid financial setbacks and allegations of <a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence" title="Domestic violence">domestic violence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-48">[47]</a></sup> Dandridge discovered that the people who were handling her finances had swindled her out of $150,000 and she owed $139,000 in <a href="/wiki/Back_taxes" title="Back taxes">back taxes</a>. She was forced to sell her Hollywood home and place her daughter in a state <a href="/wiki/Psychiatric_hospital" title="Psychiatric hospital">mental institution</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camarillo_State_Mental_Hospital" title="Camarillo State Mental Hospital">Camarillo State Hospital</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Camarillo,_California" title="Camarillo, California">Camarillo, California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-49">[48]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a></sup> Dandridge moved into a small apartment on Fountain Avenue in <a href="/wiki/West_Hollywood,_California" title="West Hollywood, California">West Hollywood, California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Death">Death</span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Dandridge.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Dandridge.jpg/220px-Dandridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="5824" data-file-height="3412" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Dandridge.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Tuesday afternoon, September 7, 1965, and <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Kilgallen" title="Dorothy Kilgallen">Dorothy Kilgallen</a>'s legendary show business column states that nightclub <a href="/wiki/Basin_Street_East" title="Basin Street East">Basin Street East</a> would be opening "this Friday" with a Dorothy Dandridge <i>premier</i> engagement.</div></div></div>
<p>On September 8, 1965, Dandridge spoke by telephone with friend and former sister-in-law Geraldine "Geri" Branton.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a></sup> Dandridge was scheduled to fly to <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a> the next day to prepare for her nightclub engagement at <a href="/wiki/Basin_Street_East" title="Basin Street East">Basin Street East</a>. Branton told biographers that during the long conversation, Dandridge veered from expressing hope for the future to singing <a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/People_(1964_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="People (1964 song)">People</a>" in its entirety to making this cryptic remark moments before hanging up on her: "Whatever happens, I know you will understand."<sup id="cite_ref-Mills_1999_50_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mills_1999_50-11">[11]</a></sup> Several hours later, Dandridge was found naked and unresponsive in her apartment by her manager, Earl Mills.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a></sup> A Los Angeles pathology institute determined that the cause of death was an accidental <a href="/wiki/Drug_overdose" title="Drug overdose">overdose</a> of the antidepressant <a href="/wiki/Imipramine" title="Imipramine">imipramine</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Gorney_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gorney-2">[2]</a></sup> while the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County_Coroner%27s_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles County Coroner's Office">Los Angeles County Coroner's Office</a> concluded that she died of a <a href="/wiki/Fat_embolism" class="mw-redirect" title="Fat embolism">fat embolism</a> resulting from a right foot <a href="/wiki/Fractured_bone" class="mw-redirect" title="Fractured bone">fracture</a> sustained five days previously.<sup id="cite_ref-EBONY_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EBONY-1">[1]</a></sup>
</p><p>On September 12, 1965, a private funeral service was held at the <a href="/wiki/Little_Chapel_of_the_Flowers" class="mw-redirect" title="Little Chapel of the Flowers">Little Chapel of the Flowers</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-funeral_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-funeral-58">[57]</a></sup> she was cremated<sup id="cite_ref-funeral_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-funeral-58">[57]</a></sup> and her ashes interred in the Freedom Mausoleum at <a href="/wiki/Forest_Lawn_Memorial_Park_(Glendale)" title="Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)">Forest Lawn Memorial Park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Legacy">Legacy</span></h2>
<p>It was not until the 1980s, with the passing of the <a href="/wiki/Blaxploitation" title="Blaxploitation">blaxploitation</a> era, that such stars as <a href="/wiki/Cicely_Tyson" title="Cicely Tyson">Cicely Tyson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jada_Pinkett_Smith" title="Jada Pinkett Smith">Jada Pinkett Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Halle_Berry" title="Halle Berry">Halle Berry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Janet_Jackson" title="Janet Jackson">Janet Jackson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whitney_Houston" title="Whitney Houston">Whitney Houston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kimberly_Elise" title="Kimberly Elise">Kimberly Elise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loretta_Devine" title="Loretta Devine">Loretta Devine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tasha_Smith" title="Tasha Smith">Tasha Smith</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Angela_Bassett" title="Angela Bassett">Angela Bassett</a> began to acknowledge Dandridge's contribution to the image of African Americans in American motion pictures.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1995 movie <i><a href="/wiki/To_Wong_Foo,_Thanks_for_Everything!_Julie_Newmar" title="To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar">To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Wesley_Snipes" title="Wesley Snipes">Wesley Snipes</a> played Noxeema Jackson, a <a href="/wiki/Drag_queen" title="Drag queen">drag queen</a> whose dream is to play Dorothy Dandridge in a movie about her life and work.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1999, <a href="/wiki/Halle_Berry" title="Halle Berry">Halle Berry</a> produced and starred in the <a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a> movie <i><a href="/wiki/Introducing_Dorothy_Dandridge" title="Introducing Dorothy Dandridge">Introducing Dorothy Dandridge</a></i>, for which she won the <a href="/wiki/Primetime_Emmy_Award" title="Primetime Emmy Award">Primetime Emmy Award</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe Award">Golden Globe Award</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Screen Actors Guild Award">Screen Actors Guild Award</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a></sup> When Berry won the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Academy Award for Best Actress">Academy Award for Best Actress</a> for her role in <i><a href="/wiki/Monster%27s_Ball" title="Monster's Ball">Monster's Ball</a></i>, she dedicated the "moment [to] Dorothy Dandridge, <a href="/wiki/Lena_Horne" title="Lena Horne">Lena Horne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diahann_Carroll" title="Diahann Carroll">Diahann Carroll</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a></sup> Both Dandridge and Berry were from <a href="/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleveland, Ohio">Cleveland, Ohio</a>, and were born in the same hospital.<sup id="cite_ref-Samuels_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Samuels-53">[52]</a></sup>
</p><p>She was awarded a star on the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a> in January 1984<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a></sup> and appears as the most prominent figure in a mural on an exterior wall of <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_High_School" title="Hollywood High School">Hollywood High School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a></sup> A statue of Dandridge designed by <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Hardwicke" title="Catherine Hardwicke">Catherine Hardwicke</a> honors multiethnic leading ladies of the cinema, including <a href="/wiki/Mae_West" title="Mae West">Mae West</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dolores_del_R%C3%ADo" title="Dolores del Río">Dolores del Río</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anna_May_Wong" title="Anna May Wong">Anna May Wong</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a></sup>
</p><p>Recording artist <a href="/wiki/Janelle_Mon%C3%A1e" title="Janelle Monáe">Janelle Monáe</a> performs a song entitled "Dorothy Dandridge Eyes" on her 2013 album <i><a href="/wiki/The_Electric_Lady" title="The Electric Lady">The Electric Lady</a></i>, with <a href="/wiki/Esperanza_Spalding" title="Esperanza Spalding">Esperanza Spalding</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a></sup> In the 1969 movie <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Man" title="The Lost Man">The Lost Man</a></i>, a character Dorothy Starr (played by <a href="/wiki/Beverly_Todd" title="Beverly Todd">Beverly Todd</a>) states that she named herself after Dandridge.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a></sup>
</p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Black-ish_episodes#38" title="List of Black-ish episodes">February 2016 episode</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Black-ish" title="Black-ish">Black-ish</a></i>, "Sink or Swim," <a href="/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9" title="Beyoncé">Beyoncé</a> is referred to as the Dorothy Dandridge of her time, citing the <a href="/wiki/Bankable_star" title="Bankable star">star power</a> Dandridge wielded in her day.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2020, <a href="/wiki/Laura_Harrier" title="Laura Harrier">Laura Harrier</a> portrayed Camille Washington in the <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a> miniseries <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_(miniseries)" title="Hollywood (miniseries)"><i>Hollywood</i></a>, an up-and-coming actress during the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Golden_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollywood Golden Age">Hollywood Golden Age</a> in the post-<a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> era. The character was largely inspired by and based on Dandridge.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Discography">Discography</span></h2>
<p>Dandridge first gained fame as a solo artist from her performances in nightclubs, usually accompanied by <a href="/wiki/Phil_Moore_(jazz_musician)" title="Phil Moore (jazz musician)">Phil Moore</a> on piano. Although she was known for her renditions of songs such as "Blow Out the Candle", "<a href="/wiki/You_Do_Something_to_Me_(Cole_Porter_song)" title="You Do Something to Me (Cole Porter song)">You Do Something to Me</a>", and "Talk Sweet Talk To Me", she recorded very little on vinyl. It is unknown whether her lack of recording was due to personal choice or lack of opportunity.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="As_part_of_the_Dandridge_Sisters_singing_group">As part of the <a href="/wiki/Dandridge_Sisters" title="Dandridge Sisters">Dandridge Sisters</a> singing group</span></h3>
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<th>Recorded</th>
<th>Song title</th>
<th>Label</th>
<th>Release</th>
<th>Catalogue No.</th>
<th>Issued</th>
<th>Band
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2">1939</td>
<td>"F.D.R. Jones" / "The Lady's in Love with You"</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Parlophone" title="Parlophone">Parlophone</a></td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Gramophone_record#78_rpm_disc_developments" class="mw-redirect" title="Gramophone record">78 rpm</a></td>
<td>#F1518</td>
<td>1939</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>"<a href="/wiki/Undecided" title="Undecided">Undecided</a>" / "If I Were Sure of You"</td>
<td>Parlophone</td>
<td>78 rpm</td>
<td>#F1541</td>
<td>1939</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2">1940</td>
<td>"That's Your Red Wagon" / "You Ain't Nowhere:</td>
<td>Columbia</td>
<td>78 rpm</td>
<td>#28006/#28007</td>
<td>1940</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Jimmie_Lunceford" title="Jimmie Lunceford">Jimmie Lunceford</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>"Minnie the Moocher Is Dead" / "Ain't Going to Go to Study War No More"</td>
<td>Columbia</td>
<td>78 rpm</td>
<td>#26937A/#26938</td>
<td>1940</td>
<td>Jimmie Lunceford
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="As_a_solo_artist">As a solo artist</span></h3>
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<th>Recorded</th>
<th>Song title</th>
<th>Label</th>
<th>Release</th>
<th>Catalogue No.</th>
<th>Issued
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>1944</td>
<td>Watch'a Say (duet with <a href="/wiki/Louis_Armstrong" title="Louis Armstrong">Louis Armstrong</a> from the film <i><a href="/wiki/Pillow_to_Post" title="Pillow to Post">Pillow to Post</a></i>)</td>
<td>Decca</td>
<td>78 rpm</td>
<td>#L-3502</td>
<td>1944
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1951</td>
<td>"Blow Out the Candle" / "I Can't See It Your Way"</td>
<td>Columbia</td>
<td>78 rpm</td>
<td>DB 2923</td>
<td>1951
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1953</td>
<td>"<a href="/wiki/Taking_a_Chance_on_Love" title="Taking a Chance on Love">Taking a Chance on Love</a>"</td>
<td>MGM Records</td>
<td>78 rpm</td>
<td>?</td>
<td>1953
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>In 1958, she recorded a full-length album for <a href="/wiki/Verve_Records" title="Verve Records">Verve Records</a> featuring <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Peterson" title="Oscar Peterson">Oscar Peterson</a> with <a href="/wiki/Herb_Ellis" title="Herb Ellis">Herb Ellis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ray_Brown_(musician)" title="Ray Brown (musician)">Ray Brown</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alvin_Stoller" title="Alvin Stoller">Alvin Stoller</a> (Catalogue #314 547-514 2) that remained unreleased in the vaults until a CD release in 1999. This CD also included four tracks from 1961 (with an unknown orchestra) that included one <a href="/wiki/Gramophone_record" class="mw-redirect" title="Gramophone record">45 rpm record</a> single and another aborted single:
</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<th>Recorded</th>
<th>Song title</th>
<th>Label</th>
<th>Release</th>
<th>Catalogue No.</th>
<th>Issued
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="12">1958</td>
<td>"<a href="/wiki/It%27s_Easy_to_Remember_(And_So_Hard_to_Forget)" title="It's Easy to Remember (And So Hard to Forget)">It's Easy to Remember</a>"</td>
<td rowspan="12">Verve</td>
<td>Unreleased</td>
<td>21942-3</td>
<td>1999 (CD only)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>"What Is There to Say"</td>
<td>Unreleased</td>
<td>21943-6</td>
<td>1999 (CD only)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>"<a href="/wiki/That_Old_Feeling_(song)" title="That Old Feeling (song)">That Old Feeling</a>"</td>
<td>Unreleased</td>
<td>21944-4</td>
<td>1999 (CD only)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>"The Touch of Your Lips"</td>
<td>Unreleased</td>
<td>21945-12</td>
<td>1999 (CD only)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>"<a href="/wiki/When_Your_Lover_Has_Gone" title="When Your Lover Has Gone">When Your Lover Has Gone</a>"</td>
<td>Unreleased</td>
<td>21946-1</td>
<td>1999 (CD only)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>"<a href="/wiki/The_Nearness_of_You" title="The Nearness of You">The Nearness of You</a>"</td>
<td>Unreleased</td>
<td>21947-7</td>
<td>1999 (CD only)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>"<a href="/wiki/I%27m_Glad_There_Is_You" title="I'm Glad There Is You">I'm Glad There Is You</a>"</td>
<td>Unreleased</td>
<td>21948-10</td>
<td>1999 (CD only)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>"<a href="/wiki/I%27ve_Grown_Accustomed_to_Her_Face" title="I've Grown Accustomed to Her Face">I've Grown Accustomed to Her Face</a>"</td>
<td>Unreleased</td>
<td>21949-4</td>
<td>1999 (CD only)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>"<a href="/wiki/Body_and_Soul_(1930_song)" title="Body and Soul (1930 song)">Body and Soul</a>"</td>
<td>Unreleased</td>
<td>21950-2</td>
<td>1999 (CD only)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>"<a href="/wiki/How_Long_Has_This_Been_Going_On%3F" title="How Long Has This Been Going On?">How Long Has This Been Going On?</a>"</td>
<td>Unreleased</td>
<td>21951-6</td>
<td>1999 (CD only)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>"<a href="/wiki/I%27ve_Got_a_Crush_on_You" title="I've Got a Crush on You">I've Got a Crush on You</a>"</td>
<td>Unreleased</td>
<td>21952-3</td>
<td>1999 (CD only)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>"<a href="/wiki/I_Didn%27t_Know_What_Time_It_Was" title="I Didn't Know What Time It Was">I Didn't Know What Time It Was</a>"</td>
<td>Unreleased</td>
<td>21953-3</td>
<td>1999 (CD only)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="4">1961</td>
<td>"Somebody"</td>
<td></td>
<td>45 rpm single V10231</td>
<td>23459-2</td>
<td>1961
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>"Stay with It"</td>
<td></td>
<td>45 rpm single V10231</td>
<td>23460-4</td>
<td>1961
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>"It's a Beautiful Evening"</td>
<td></td>
<td>Unissued single</td>
<td>23461-5</td>
<td>1961 (CD only)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>"Smooth Operator"</td>
<td></td>
<td>Unissued single</td>
<td>23462-2</td>
<td>1961 (CD only)
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>The tracks "It's a Beautiful Evening" and "Smooth Operator" were aborted for release as a single and remained in the Verve vaults until the <i>Smooth Operator</i> release in 1999. These are the only known songs Dandridge recorded on vinyl. Several songs she sang, including her version of "<a href="/wiki/Cow-Cow_Boogie" title="Cow-Cow Boogie">Cow-Cow Boogie</a>" were recorded on <a href="/wiki/Soundies" title="Soundies">soundies</a> and are not included on this list.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Filmography">Filmography</span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="As_an_actress">As an actress</span></h3>
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr>
<th>Year
</th>
<th>Film title
</th>
<th>Role
</th>
<th>Notes
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>1935
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Teacher%27s_Beau" title="Teacher's Beau">Teacher's Beau</a></i>
</td>
<td>Dorothy
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1936
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Broadcast_of_1936" title="The Big Broadcast of 1936">The Big Broadcast of 1936</a></i>
</td>
<td>Member of the Dandridge Sisters
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1937
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Easy_to_Take" title="Easy to Take">Easy to Take</a></i>
</td>
<td>Member of the Dandridge Sisters
</td>
<td>Uncredited
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1937
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/It_Can%27t_Last_Forever" title="It Can't Last Forever">It Can't Last Forever</a></i>
</td>
<td>Dandridge Sisters Act
</td>
<td>Uncredited
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1937
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/A_Day_at_the_Races_(film)" title="A Day at the Races (film)">A Day at the Races</a></i>
</td>
<td>Singer/dancer in ensemble
</td>
<td>Uncredited
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1938
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Going_Places_(1938_film)" title="Going Places (1938 film)">Going Places</a></i>
</td>
<td>Member of the Dandridge Sisters
</td>
<td>Uncredited
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1938
</td>
<td><i>Snow Gets in Your Eyes</i>
</td>
<td>One of the Dandridge Sisters
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1940
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Irene_(1940_film)" title="Irene (1940 film)">Irene</a></i>
</td>
<td>The Dandridge Sisters
</td>
<td>Uncredited
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1940
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Four_Shall_Die" title="Four Shall Die">Four Shall Die</a></i>
</td>
<td>Helen Fielding
</td>
<td>Alternative title: <i>Condemned Men</i>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1941
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Bahama_Passage" title="Bahama Passage">Bahama Passage</a></i>
</td>
<td>Thalia
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1941
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Sundown_(1941_film)" title="Sundown (1941 film)">Sundown</a></i>
</td>
<td>Kipsang's Bride
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1941
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Sun_Valley_Serenade" title="Sun Valley Serenade">Sun Valley Serenade</a></i>
</td>
<td>Specialty Act
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Chattanooga_Choo_Choo" title="Chattanooga Choo Choo">Chattanooga Choo Choo</a> [with <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Brothers" title="Nicholas Brothers">Nicholas Brothers</a>]
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1941
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Lady_from_Louisiana" title="Lady from Louisiana">Lady from Louisiana</a></i>
</td>
<td>Felice
</td>
<td>Alternative title: <i>Lady from New Orleans</i>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1942
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Lucky_Jordan" title="Lucky Jordan">Lucky Jordan</a></i>
</td>
<td>Hollyhock School Maid
</td>
<td>Uncredited
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1942
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Night_in_New_Orleans" title="Night in New Orleans">Night in New Orleans</a></i>
</td>
<td>Sal, Shadrach's Girl
</td>
<td>Uncredited
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1942
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Night_Before_the_Divorce" title="The Night Before the Divorce">The Night Before the Divorce</a></i>
</td>
<td>Maid
</td>
<td>Uncredited
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1942
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Ride_%27Em_Cowboy_(1942_film)" title="Ride 'Em Cowboy (1942 film)">Ride 'Em Cowboy</a></i>
</td>
<td>Dancer
</td>
<td>Uncredited
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1942
</td>
<td><i>Drums of the Congo</i>
</td>
<td>Princess Malimi
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1942
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Orchestra_Wives" title="Orchestra Wives">Orchestra Wives</a></i>
</td>
<td>Singer/Dancer
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1943
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Hit_Parade_of_1943" title="Hit Parade of 1943">Hit Parade of 1943</a></i>
</td>
<td>Count Basie Band Singer
</td>
<td>Alternative title: <i>Change of Heart</i>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1943
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Happy_Go_Lucky_(1943_film)" title="Happy Go Lucky (1943 film)">Happy Go Lucky</a></i>
</td>
<td>Showgirl
</td>
<td>Uncredited
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1944
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Since_You_Went_Away" title="Since You Went Away">Since You Went Away</a></i>
</td>
<td>Black Officer's Wife in Train Station
</td>
<td>Uncredited
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1944
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_City_(1944_film)" title="Atlantic City (1944 film)">Atlantic City</a></i>
</td>
<td>Singer
</td>
<td>Alternative title: <i>Atlantic City Honeymoon</i><br />Uncredited
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1945
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Pillow_to_Post" title="Pillow to Post">Pillow to Post</a></i>
</td>
<td>Herself-Vocalist
</td>
<td>Uncredited
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1947
</td>
<td><i>Ebony Parade</i>
</td>
<td>Herself-Vocalist
</td>
<td>Uncredited
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1951
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Tarzan%27s_Peril" title="Tarzan's Peril">Tarzan's Peril</a></i>
</td>
<td>Melmendi, Queen of the Ashuba
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1951
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Harlem_Globetrotters_(film)" title="The Harlem Globetrotters (film)">The Harlem Globetrotters</a></i>
</td>
<td>Ann Carpenter
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1953
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Bright_Road" title="Bright Road">Bright Road</a></i>
</td>
<td>Jane Richards
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1953
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Remains_to_Be_Seen_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Remains to Be Seen (film)">Remains to Be Seen</a></i>
</td>
<td>Herself- Night Club Vocalist
</td>
<td>She sings <a href="/wiki/Taking_a_Chance_on_Love" title="Taking a Chance on Love">Taking a Chance on Love</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1954
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Carmen_Jones_(film)" title="Carmen Jones (film)">Carmen Jones</a></i>
</td>
<td>Carmen Jones
</td>
<td>Nominated – <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actress" title="Academy Award for Best Actress">Academy Award for Best Actress</a><br />Nominated – <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Actress_in_a_Leading_Role" title="BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role">BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1957
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Island_in_the_Sun_(film)" title="Island in the Sun (film)">Island in the Sun</a></i>
</td>
<td>Margot Seaton
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1958
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Tamango" title="Tamango">Tamango</a></i>
</td>
<td>Aiché, Reiker's mistress
</td>
<td>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1958
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Decks_Ran_Red" title="The Decks Ran Red">The Decks Ran Red</a></i>
</td>
<td>Mahia
</td>
<td>Alternative titles: <i>Infamy</i><br /><i>La Rivolta dell'esperanza</i> (foreign releases)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1959
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Porgy_and_Bess_(film)" title="Porgy and Bess (film)">Porgy and Bess</a></i>
</td>
<td>Bess
</td>
<td>Nominated – <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actress_%E2%80%93_Motion_Picture_Comedy_or_Musical" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Comedy or Musical">Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Comedy or Musical</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1960
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Moment_of_Danger" title="Moment of Danger">Malaga</a></i>
</td>
<td>Gianna
</td>
<td>Alternative tiles: <i>Moment of Danger</i>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1961
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Murder_Men_(film)" title="The Murder Men (film)">The Murder Men</a></i>
</td>
<td>Norma Sherman
</td>
<td><a href="/wiki/Television_film" title="Television film">Television film</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1962
</td>
<td><i><a href="/wiki/Cain%27s_Hundred" title="Cain's Hundred">Cain's Hundred</a></i>
</td>
<td>Norma Sherman
</td>
<td>Episode: "Blues for a Junkman"
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="As_herself">As herself</span></h3>
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Jackie_Gleason_Show" title="The Jackie Gleason Show">Cavalcade of Stars</a></i> (1952; 1 episode)</li>
<li><i>Songs for Sale</i> (1952; 1 episode)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Colgate_Comedy_Hour" title="The Colgate Comedy Hour">The Colgate Comedy Hour</a></i> (1951–1953; 2 episodes)</li>
<li><i>The George Jessel Show</i> (1954; 1 episode)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Light%27s_Diamond_Jubilee" title="Light's Diamond Jubilee">Light's Diamond Jubilee</a></i> (1954) TV special broadcast on all four TV networks</li>
<li><i>The 27th Annual Academy Awards</i> (1955; TV special; Nominee & Presenter)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Tonight_at_the_London_Palladium" title="Tonight at the London Palladium">Val Parnell's Sunday Night at the London Palladium</a></i> (1956; 1 episode)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Ford_Star_Jubilee" title="Ford Star Jubilee">Ford Star Jubilee</a></i> (1956; 1 episode)</li>
<li><i>The 29th Annual Academy Awards</i> (1957; TV special; Performer & Presenter)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ed_Sullivan_Show" title="The Ed Sullivan Show">The Ed Sullivan Show</a></i> (1952–1961; 7 episodes)</li>
<li><i>Juxe Box Jury</i> (1964; 1 episode)</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Stage_work">Stage work</span></h2>
<ul><li><i>Swingin' the Dream</i> (1939)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Meet_the_People" title="Meet the People">Meet the People</a></i> (1941)</li>
<li><i>Jump for Joy</i> (1941)</li>
<li><i>Sweet 'n' Hot</i> (1944)</li>
<li><i>Crazy Girls</i> (1952)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story" title="West Side Story">West Side Story</a></i> (1962)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Show_Boat" title="Show Boat">Show Boat</a></i> (1964)</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2>
<div class="noprint metadata navbox" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0.4em 2em"><ul style="margin:0.1em 0 0"><li style="display:inline"><span style="display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap"><span style="margin:0 0.5em"><a href="/wiki/File:P_vip.svg" class="image"><img alt="P vip.svg" src="/media/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/21px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="21" srcset="/media/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/31px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></li></ul></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2>
<dl><dt>Notes</dt></dl>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha">
<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dandridge opened at the Mocambo on May 7, 1951. She gave the club its biggest opening in its history.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<dl><dt>Citations</dt></dl>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1011085734"/><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2" style="">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-EBONY-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EBONY_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EBONY_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r999302996">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/media/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/media/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/media/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("/media/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFRobinson1966" class="citation magazine cs1">Robinson, Louie (March 1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IjAJ7Wl1voUC&pg=PA70">"Dorothy Dandridge Hollywood's Tragic Enigma"</a>. <i>Ebony</i>. p. 71<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 10,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ebony&rft.atitle=Dorothy+Dandridge+Hollywood%27s+Tragic+Enigma&rft.pages=71&rft.date=1966-03&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Louie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIjAJ7Wl1voUC%26pg%3DPA70&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Gorney-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gorney_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gorney_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFGorney1988" class="citation news cs1">Gorney, Cynthia (February 9, 1988). "The Fragile Flame of Dorothy Dandridge; Remembering the Shattered Life Of a Beautiful 1950s Movie Star". <i>Washington Post</i>. p. E2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+Fragile+Flame+of+Dorothy+Dandridge%3B+Remembering+the+Shattered+Life+Of+a+Beautiful+1950s+Movie+Star&rft.pages=E2&rft.date=1988-02-09&rft.aulast=Gorney&rft.aufirst=Cynthia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFPotter2002" class="citation book cs1">Potter, Joan (2002). <i>African American Firsts: Famous Little-Known and Unsung Triumphs of Blacks in America</i>. Kensington Books. p. 81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7582-0243-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7582-0243-1"><bdi>0-7582-0243-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=African+American+Firsts%3A+Famous+Little-Known+and+Unsung+Triumphs+of+Blacks+in+America&rft.pages=81&rft.pub=Kensington+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-7582-0243-1&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=Joan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-African_American_actresses-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-African_American_actresses_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFMcCann2010" class="citation book cs1">McCann, Bob (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X7ZYsnTPIhwC&pg=PA87"><i>Encyclopedia of black actresses in film and television</i></a>. McFarland & Company. pp. 87–90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-5804-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-5804-2"><bdi>978-0-7864-5804-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 29,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+black+actresses+in+film+and+television&rft.pages=87-90&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-5804-2&rft.aulast=McCann&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX7ZYsnTPIhwC%26pg%3DPA87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Ohio-Cyril-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ohio-Cyril_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ancestry.com">"Ohio Deaths 1908–1932, 1938–1944, and 1958–2002 [database on-line]"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>: The Generations Network<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 2,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ohio+Deaths+1908%E2%80%931932%2C+1938%E2%80%931944%2C+and+1958%E2%80%932002+%5Bdatabase+on-line%5D&rft.place=United+States&rft.pub=The+Generations+Network&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancestry.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-SSDI-Cyrus-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SSDI-Cyrus_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ancestry.com">"Social Security Death Index [database on-line]"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>: The Generations Network<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 2,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Social+Security+Death+Index+%5Bdatabase+on-line%5D&rft.place=United+States&rft.pub=The+Generations+Network&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancestry.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-09-01-9709020002-story.html">"Dorothy Dandridge's Story A Hollywood Tragedy"</a>. <i>Chicago Tribune</i>. September 1, 1997.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Dorothy+Dandridge%27s+Story+A+Hollywood+Tragedy&rft.date=1997-09-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fnews%2Fct-xpm-1997-09-01-9709020002-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:2-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFMaslin1997" class="citation news cs1">Maslin, Janet (June 19, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1997/06/19/movies/hollywood-s-tryst-with-dorothy-dandridge-inspires-real-love-at-last.html">"Hollywood's Tryst With Dorothy Dandridge Inspires Real Love at Last"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Hollywood%27s+Tryst+With+Dorothy+Dandridge+Inspires+Real+Love+at+Last&rft.date=1997-06-19&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Maslin&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1997%2F06%2F19%2Fmovies%2Fhollywood-s-tryst-with-dorothy-dandridge-inspires-real-love-at-last.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFTaylorMooreAnn2003" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, Quintard; Moore, Wilson; Ann, Shirley (2003). <i>African American Women Confront the West</i>. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 239. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8061-3524-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8061-3524-7"><bdi>0-8061-3524-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=African+American+Women+Confront+the+West&rft.pages=239&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-8061-3524-7&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Quintard&rft.au=Moore%2C+Wilson&rft.au=Ann%2C+Shirley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-pc-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pc_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5027008/the_pittsburgh_courier/">"Dorothy Dandridge Stars in Paramount Picture and Ellington-Anderson Stage Show "Jump For Joy<span class="cs1-kern-right">"</span>"</a>. Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh. The Pittsburgh Courier. August 9, 1941. p. 20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2016</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Ancestry.com#Newspapers.com" title="Ancestry.com">Newspapers.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Dorothy+Dandridge+Stars+in+Paramount+Picture+and+Ellington-Anderson+Stage+Show+%22Jump+For+Joy%22&rft.pages=20&rft.date=1941-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F5027008%2Fthe_pittsburgh_courier%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="open access" src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" srcset="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Mills_1999_50-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mills_1999_50_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mills_1999_50_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMills1999">Mills 1999</a>, p. 50</span>
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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFMaltinBann,_Richard_W.1993" class="citation book cs1">Maltin, Leonard; Bann, Richard W. (1993). <i>The Little Rascals: The Life and Times of Our Gang</i>. Crown. p. 279. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-517-58325-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-517-58325-9"><bdi>0-517-58325-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Little+Rascals%3A+The+Life+and+Times+of+Our+Gang&rft.pages=279&rft.pub=Crown&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-517-58325-9&rft.aulast=Maltin&rft.aufirst=Leonard&rft.au=Bann%2C+Richard+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFCarney_SmithPalmisano,_Joseph_M.2000" class="citation book cs1">Carney Smith, Jessie; Palmisano, Joseph M. (2000). <i>Reference Library of Black America</i>. African American Publications, Proteus Enterprises. p. 858.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reference+Library+of+Black+America&rft.pages=858&rft.pub=African+American+Publications%2C+Proteus+Enterprises&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Carney+Smith&rft.aufirst=Jessie&rft.au=Palmisano%2C+Joseph+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation book cs1"><span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofaf0003unse_v7p7"><i>Encyclopedia of African American history, 1896 to the present : from the age of segregation to the twenty-first century</i></a></span>. Finkelman, Paul, 1949-. New York: Oxford University Press. 2009. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-539768-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-539768-0"><bdi>978-0-19-539768-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/416601965">416601965</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+African+American+history%2C+1896+to+the+present+%3A+from+the+age+of+segregation+to+the+twenty-first+century&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F416601965&rft.isbn=978-0-19-539768-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofaf0003unse_v7p7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Dorothy-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dorothy_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dorothy_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140729021524/http://voices.yahoo.com/dorothy-dandridge-bio-1950s-screen-siren-331143.html">"Dorothy Dandridge: A Bio of the 1950s Screen Siren"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_Voices" title="Yahoo! Voices">Yahoo! Voices</a></i>. May 9, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://voices.yahoo.com/dorothy-dandridge-bio-1950s-screen-siren-331143.html">the original</a> on July 29, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 26,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yahoo%21+Voices&rft.atitle=Dorothy+Dandridge%3A+A+Bio+of+the+1950s+Screen+Siren&rft.date=2007-05-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvoices.yahoo.com%2Fdorothy-dandridge-bio-1950s-screen-siren-331143.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dandridgelove.tumblr.com/post/80812325240/dorothy-dandridge-performing-at-the-mocambo-in">"Adoringly Dorothy Dandridge"</a>. <i>Tumblr</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tumblr&rft.atitle=Adoringly+Dorothy+Dandridge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdandridgelove.tumblr.com%2Fpost%2F80812325240%2Fdorothy-dandridge-performing-at-the-mocambo-in&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.womeninhistoryohio.com/dorothy-dandridge.html">"Dorothy Dandridge"</a>. <i>Women in History, Ohio</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Women+in+History%2C+Ohio&rft.atitle=Dorothy+Dandridge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.womeninhistoryohio.com%2Fdorothy-dandridge.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-bright-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bright_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/133206%7C17734/Bright-Road.html">"Bright Road"</a>. <i>tcm.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 23,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tcm.com&rft.atitle=Bright+Road&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tcm.com%2Fthis-month%2Farticle%2F133206%257C17734%2FBright-Road.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4e24-bimFpw&t=19s">"Easy Street"</a> – via YouTube, a 1941 <a href="/wiki/Soundie" class="mw-redirect" title="Soundie">soundie</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Easy+Street&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D4e24-bimFpw%26t%3D19s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: postscript (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_postscript" title="Category:CS1 maint: postscript">link</a>)</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFGreenSchmidt,_Elaine2000" class="citation book cs1">Green, Stanley; Schmidt, Elaine (2000). <i>Hollywood Musicals: Year by Year</i>. Hal Leonard. p. 189. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-634-00765-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-634-00765-3"><bdi>0-634-00765-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hollywood+Musicals%3A+Year+by+Year&rft.pages=189&rft.pub=Hal+Leonard&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-634-00765-3&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+Elaine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFMcClary1992" class="citation book cs1">McClary, Susan (1992). <i>Georges Bizet: Carmen</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 133. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-39897-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-39897-5"><bdi>0-521-39897-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Georges+Bizet%3A+Carmen&rft.pages=133&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-521-39897-5&rft.aulast=McClary&rft.aufirst=Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span> On November 1, 1954, Dorothy Dandridge became the first black woman featured on the cover of <i><a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)">Life</a></i></span>
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<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7rEDAAAAMBAJ&q=dorothy+dandridge+empire+room+jet&pg=PA59">"Dandridge Wins Raves In Waldorf Debut"</a>. <i>Jet</i>: 59. April 28, 1955.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jet&rft.atitle=Dandridge+Wins+Raves+In+Waldorf+Debut&rft.pages=59&rft.date=1955-04-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7rEDAAAAMBAJ%26q%3Ddorothy%2Bdandridge%2Bempire%2Broom%2Bjet%26pg%3DPA59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFGavin2009" class="citation book cs1">Gavin, James (June 23, 2009). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/stormyweatherlif00gavi"><i>Stormy Weather: The Life of Lena Horne</i></a></span>. Simon and Schuster. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/stormyweatherlif00gavi/page/259">259</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-6425-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-6425-9"><bdi>978-1-4391-6425-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stormy+Weather%3A+The+Life+of+Lena+Horne&rft.pages=259&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2009-06-23&rft.isbn=978-1-4391-6425-9&rft.aulast=Gavin&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstormyweatherlif00gavi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Henry E. Scott (Pantheon, 1st reprint edition, January 19, 2010), <i>Shocking True Story: The Rise and Fall of Confidential, "America's Most Scandalous Scandal Magazine</i>, p. 167. After cashing Harrison's check, Dandridge testified for the prosecution anyway.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Wilson_1998_53–68-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_1998_53–68_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_1998_53–68_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_1998_53–68_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_1998_53–68_26-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_1998_53–68_26-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFWilson1998" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Theo (1998). <i>Headline Justice: Inside the Courtroom — the Country's Most Controversial Trials</i>. Thunder's Mouth Press. pp. 53–68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56025-193-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56025-193-4"><bdi>978-1-56025-193-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Headline+Justice%3A+Inside+the+Courtroom+%E2%80%94+the+Country%27s+Most+Controversial+Trials&rft.pages=53-68&rft.pub=Thunder%27s+Mouth+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-56025-193-4&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Theo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/confidential/confidentialaccount.html">The Confidential Magazine Trial: An Account by Douglas O. Linder, 2010</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130607111421/http://www.ajr.org/article.asp?id=269">"Taming the Tabloids, by Darcie Lunsford, American Journalism Review edition of September 2000"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ajr.org/article.asp?id=269">the original</a> on June 7, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 5,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Taming+the+Tabloids%2C+by+Darcie+Lunsford%2C+American+Journalism+Review+edition+of+September+2000&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajr.org%2Farticle.asp%3Fid%3D269&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFBernstein2006" class="citation book cs1">Bernstein, Samuel (2006). <i>Mr. Confidential: The Man, the Magazine & the Movieland Massacre</i>. Walford Press. pp. 306–8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9787671-2-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-9787671-2-8"><bdi>0-9787671-2-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mr.+Confidential%3A+The+Man%2C+the+Magazine+%26+the+Movieland+Massacre&rft.pages=306-8&rft.pub=Walford+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-9787671-2-8&rft.aulast=Bernstein&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRippy2001">Rippy 2001</a>, p. 194</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFNason1959" class="citation news cs1">Nason, Richard (September 17, 1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1959/09/17/archives/tamango-from-france.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left">'</span>Tamango' From France"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27Tamango%27+From+France&rft.date=1959-09-17&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Nason&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1959%2F09%2F17%2Farchives%2Ftamango-from-france.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFCrowther1958" class="citation news cs1">Crowther, Bosley (October 11, 1958). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1958/10/11/archives/loews-state-offers-the-decks-ran-red-film-about-mutiny-on-a.html">"Loew's State Offers 'The Decks Ran Red'; Film About Mutiny on a Freighter Arrives Broderick Crawford, James Mason in Cast"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Loew%27s+State+Offers+%27The+Decks+Ran+Red%27%3B+Film+About+Mutiny+on+a+Freighter+Arrives+Broderick+Crawford%2C+James+Mason+in+Cast&rft.date=1958-10-11&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Crowther&rft.aufirst=Bosley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1958%2F10%2F11%2Farchives%2Floews-state-offers-the-decks-ran-red-film-about-mutiny-on-a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFWhitaker2011" class="citation book cs1">Whitaker, Matthew (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RSGhEUq5bp0C&q=The+Decks+Ran+Red+1958+dandridge&pg=PA204"><i>Icons of Black America: Breaking Barriers and Crossing Boundaries [3 volumes]</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 204. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-37643-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-37643-6"><bdi>978-0-313-37643-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Icons+of+Black+America%3A+Breaking+Barriers+and+Crossing+Boundaries+%5B3+volumes%5D&rft.pages=204&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-313-37643-6&rft.aulast=Whitaker&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRSGhEUq5bp0C%26q%3DThe%2BDecks%2BRan%2BRed%2B1958%2Bdandridge%26pg%3DPA204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:3-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFPetkovich2013" class="citation journal cs1">Petkovich, Anthony (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Shock_Cinema_44_c2c_2013_TLK-EMPIRE">"Interview with Stuart Whitman"</a>. <i>Shock Cinema</i>. <b>44</b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Shock_Cinema_44_c2c_2013_TLK-EMPIRE/page/n13">12</a> – via Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Shock+Cinema&rft.atitle=Interview+with+Stuart+Whitman&rft.volume=44&rft.pages=12&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Petkovich&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FShock_Cinema_44_c2c_2013_TLK-EMPIRE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-JET-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JET_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kEEDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA60">"Dandridge Makes Toughest Movie of Her Career"</a>. <i>JET</i>. Vol. 16 no. 13. Johnsons Publishing Company. July 23, 1959. pp. 60–61<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 8,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JET&rft.atitle=Dandridge+Makes+Toughest+Movie+of+Her+Career&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=13&rft.pages=60-61&rft.date=1959-07-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkEEDAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X70DAAAAMBAJ&q=dorothy+dandridge+jet+1962+west+side&pg=PA62">"Ailing Dot Bows Out After Chicago Debut"</a>. <i>Jet</i>: 62. September 6, 1962.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jet&rft.atitle=Ailing+Dot+Bows+Out+After+Chicago+Debut&rft.pages=62&rft.date=1962-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX70DAAAAMBAJ%26q%3Ddorothy%2Bdandridge%2Bjet%2B1962%2Bwest%2Bside%26pg%3DPA62&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wLsDAAAAMBAJ&q=dorothy+dandridge+jet+1963&pg=PA58">"Why Dorothy Dandridge Is Broke: Star's Beauty And Charm Hide Numerous Problems"</a>. <i>Jet</i>: 58–62. April 18, 1963.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jet&rft.atitle=Why+Dorothy+Dandridge+Is+Broke%3A+Star%27s+Beauty+And+Charm+Hide+Numerous+Problems&rft.pages=58-62&rft.date=1963-04-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwLsDAAAAMBAJ%26q%3Ddorothy%2Bdandridge%2Bjet%2B1963%26pg%3DPA58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_MADAAAAMBAJ&q=dorothy+dandridge+jet+1965&pg=PA59">"Success Was Up And Down For Beautiful Dorothy Dandridge"</a>. <i>Jet</i>: 59–63. September 23, 1965.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jet&rft.atitle=Success+Was+Up+And+Down+For+Beautiful+Dorothy+Dandridge&rft.pages=59-63&rft.date=1965-09-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_MADAAAAMBAJ%26q%3Ddorothy%2Bdandridge%2Bjet%2B1965%26pg%3DPA59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Motion Picture and Television Magazine</i>, November 1952, page 33, Ideal Publishers</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation book cs1"><span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofaf0003unse_v7p7"><i>Encyclopedia of African American history, 1896 to the present : from the age of segregation to the twenty-first century</i></a></span>. Finkelman, Paul, 1949-. New York: Oxford University Press. 2009. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-539768-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-539768-0"><bdi>978-0-19-539768-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/416601965">416601965</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+African+American+history%2C+1896+to+the+present+%3A+from+the+age+of+segregation+to+the+twenty-first+century&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F416601965&rft.isbn=978-0-19-539768-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofaf0003unse_v7p7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFRobinson1966" class="citation journal cs1">Robinson, Louie (March 1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IjAJ7Wl1voUC&q=dorothy+dandridge+harold+nicholas+cotton+club&pg=PA74">"Dorothy Dandridge Hollywood's Tragic Enigma"</a>. <i>Ebony</i>: 71–72, 74–76, 80–82.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ebony&rft.atitle=Dorothy+Dandridge+Hollywood%27s+Tragic+Enigma&rft.pages=71-72%2C+74-76%2C+80-82&rft.date=1966-03&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Louie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIjAJ7Wl1voUC%26q%3Ddorothy%2Bdandridge%2Bharold%2Bnicholas%2Bcotton%2Bclub%26pg%3DPA74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:0-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFBernardiGreen2017" class="citation book cs1">Bernardi, Daniel; Green, Michael (July 7, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8NgoDwAAQBAJ&q=Harold+Nicholas+on+September+6%2C+1942&pg=PA210"><i>Race in American Film: Voices and Visions that Shaped a Nation [3 volumes]</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 210. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-39840-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-39840-7"><bdi>978-0-313-39840-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Race+in+American+Film%3A+Voices+and+Visions+that+Shaped+a+Nation+%5B3+volumes%5D&rft.pages=210&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2017-07-07&rft.isbn=978-0-313-39840-7&rft.aulast=Bernardi&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Green%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8NgoDwAAQBAJ%26q%3DHarold%2BNicholas%2Bon%2BSeptember%2B6%252C%2B1942%26pg%3DPA210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFDreher2008" class="citation book cs1">Dreher, Kwakiutl L. (January 10, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=csloJrBRzFIC&q=1942+harold+dorothy+dandridge+hattie&pg=PA64"><i>Dancing on the White Page: Black Women Entertainers Writing Autobiography</i></a>. SUNY Press. p. 64. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-7284-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-7284-2"><bdi>978-0-7914-7284-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dancing+on+the+White+Page%3A+Black+Women+Entertainers+Writing+Autobiography&rft.pages=64&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=2008-01-10&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-7284-2&rft.aulast=Dreher&rft.aufirst=Kwakiutl+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcsloJrBRzFIC%26q%3D1942%2Bharold%2Bdorothy%2Bdandridge%2Bhattie%26pg%3DPA64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFHolmes1998" class="citation news cs1">Holmes, Emory II (April 26, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.latimes.com/1998/apr/26/magazine/tm-43024/3">"The Flight Crew"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0458-3035">0458-3035</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 27,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=The+Flight+Crew&rft.date=1998-04-26&rft.issn=0458-3035&rft.aulast=Holmes&rft.aufirst=Emory+II&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.latimes.com%2F1998%2Fapr%2F26%2Fmagazine%2Ftm-43024%2F3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link since November 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFRegester2010" class="citation book cs1">Regester, Charlene (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LGjfmAM7n4UC&q=divorced&pg=PA374"><i>African American Actresses: The Struggle for Visibility, 1900–1960</i></a>. p. 374. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-22192-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-22192-6"><bdi>978-0-253-22192-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=African+American+Actresses%3A+The+Struggle+for+Visibility%2C+1900%E2%80%931960&rft.pages=374&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-253-22192-6&rft.aulast=Regester&rft.aufirst=Charlene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLGjfmAM7n4UC%26q%3Ddivorced%26pg%3DPA374&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMills1999">Mills 1999</a>, p. 20</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:5-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFLeavy1993" class="citation magazine cs1">Leavy, Walter (December 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6ssDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA38">"The Mystery and Real-Life Tragedy of Dorothy Dandridge"</a>. <i>Ebony</i>. Vol. XLIX no. 2. p. 38.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ebony&rft.atitle=The+Mystery+and+Real-Life+Tragedy+of+Dorothy+Dandridge&rft.volume=XLIX&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=38&rft.date=1993-12&rft.aulast=Leavy&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6ssDAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:6-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFRogers1997" class="citation web cs1">Rogers, Patrick (July 28, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://people.com/archive/overdue-notice-vol-48-no-4/">"Overdue Notice"</a>. <i>PEOPLE.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PEOPLE.com&rft.atitle=Overdue+Notice&rft.date=1997-07-28&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpeople.com%2Farchive%2Foverdue-notice-vol-48-no-4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:4-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_49-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFSanders1963" class="citation journal cs1">Sanders, Charles L. (August 22, 1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_sADAAAAMBAJ&q=dorothy+dandridge%27s+daughter&pg=PA22">"Tragic Story Of Dorothy Dandridge's Retarded Daughter: Daughter Never Recognized Actress As Mother"</a>. <i>Jet</i>: 22–23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jet&rft.atitle=Tragic+Story+Of+Dorothy+Dandridge%27s+Retarded+Daughter%3A+Daughter+Never+Recognized+Actress+As+Mother&rft.pages=22-23&rft.date=1963-08-22&rft.aulast=Sanders&rft.aufirst=Charles+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_sADAAAAMBAJ%26q%3Ddorothy%2Bdandridge%2527s%2Bdaughter%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tcm.com/thismonth/article/?cid=114172">"Dorothy Dandridge Profile"</a>. tcm.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dorothy+Dandridge+Profile&rft.pub=tcm.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tcm.com%2Fthismonth%2Farticle%2F%3Fcid%3D114172&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFBianco" class="citation news cs1">Bianco, Marcie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2016/07/classic-hollywood-abortion">"Classic Hollywood's Secret: Studios Wanted Their Stars to Have Abortions"</a>. <i>HWD</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 27,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HWD&rft.atitle=Classic+Hollywood%27s+Secret%3A+Studios+Wanted+Their+Stars+to+Have+Abortions&rft.aulast=Bianco&rft.aufirst=Marcie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanityfair.com%2Fhollywood%2F2016%2F07%2Fclassic-hollywood-abortion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,270500,00.html">"Dorothy Surrender"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly" title="Entertainment Weekly">Entertainment Weekly</a></i>. September 3, 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 23,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entertainment+Weekly&rft.atitle=Dorothy+Surrender&rft.date=1999-09-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ew.com%2Few%2Farticle%2F0%2C%2C270500%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Samuels-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Samuels_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Samuels_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFSamuels1999" class="citation magazine cs1">Samuels, Allison (August 22, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/legend-comes-life-165910">"A Legend Comes to Life"</a>. <i>Newsweek</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=A+Legend+Comes+to+Life&rft.date=1999-08-22&rft.aulast=Samuels&rft.aufirst=Allison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Flegend-comes-life-165910&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFLyman1999" class="citation book cs1">Lyman, Darryl (1999). <i>Great African-American women, 1944–2010</i>. Middle Village, NY: J. David. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8246-0412-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8246-0412-1"><bdi>0-8246-0412-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/40403686">40403686</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Great+African-American+women%2C+1944%E2%80%932010&rft.place=Middle+Village%2C+NY&rft.pub=J.+David&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F40403686&rft.isbn=0-8246-0412-1&rft.aulast=Lyman&rft.aufirst=Darryl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFBogle1997" class="citation journal cs1">Bogle, Donald (August 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F2xKSaWXOTwC&q=Fountain+Avenue">"The Last Days of Dorothy Dandridge"</a>. <i>Ebony</i>: 56.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ebony&rft.atitle=The+Last+Days+of+Dorothy+Dandridge&rft.pages=56&rft.date=1997-08&rft.aulast=Bogle&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF2xKSaWXOTwC%26q%3DFountain%2BAvenue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFLoBianco" class="citation web cs1">LoBianco, Lorraine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/114172%7C0/Starring-Dorothy-Dandridge.html">"Dorothy Dandridge Profile"</a>. Turner Classic Movies<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 17,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dorothy+Dandridge+Profile&rft.pub=Turner+Classic+Movies&rft.aulast=LoBianco&rft.aufirst=Lorraine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tcm.com%2Fthis-month%2Farticle%2F114172%257C0%2FStarring-Dorothy-Dandridge.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMills1999">Mills 1999</a>, p. 195</span>
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<li id="cite_note-funeral-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-funeral_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-funeral_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMills1999">Mills 1999</a>, p. 196</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFBrooksBrooks2006" class="citation book cs1">Brooks, Patricia; Brooks, Jonathan (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dN5pWzZUvoMC&pg=PA86"><i>Laid to Rest in California</i></a>. p. 86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7627-4101-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7627-4101-4"><bdi>978-0-7627-4101-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 17,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Laid+to+Rest+in+California&rft.pages=86&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7627-4101-4&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft.au=Brooks%2C+Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdN5pWzZUvoMC%26pg%3DPA86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation episode cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://charlierose.com/videos/14052">"Cicely Tyson reflects on 'Life of Dorothy Dandridge<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. <i>Charlie Rose</i>. August 15, 1997.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Charlie+Rose&rft.date=1997-08-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcharlierose.com%2Fvideos%2F14052&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFPullen2012" class="citation book cs1">Pullen, Christopher (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EbdfAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA241"><i>LGBT Transnational Identity and the Media</i></a>. p. 241. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-37331-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-37331-0"><bdi>978-0-230-37331-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=LGBT+Transnational+Identity+and+the+Media&rft.pages=241&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-230-37331-0&rft.aulast=Pullen&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEbdfAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA241&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFAvins1999" class="citation news cs1">Avins, Mimi (August 21, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.latimes.com/1999/aug/21/entertainment/ca-2172">"The Dandridge Drama"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=The+Dandridge+Drama&rft.date=1999-08-21&rft.aulast=Avins&rft.aufirst=Mimi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.latimes.com%2F1999%2Faug%2F21%2Fentertainment%2Fca-2172&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blackfilm.com/20020326/features/a-halleberryacceptance.shtml">"Halle Berry's Acceptance Speech."</a> blackfilm.com. March 26, 2002.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BbEDAAAAMBAJ&q=As+carmen+Jones+Ms.+Honored+Posthumously+an+emotion-packed+cere-+mony%2C+late+actress+Dorothy+Dandridge+was+honored+with+her+star+on+Hollywood+Walk+Fame&pg=PA55">"Actress Dorothy Dandridge Honored Posthumously in Hollywood Walk of Fame"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jet_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Jet Magazine">Jet Magazine</a></i>. Johnson Publishing Company. February 6, 1984. pp. 55, 63.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jet+Magazine&rft.atitle=Actress+Dorothy+Dandridge+Honored+Posthumously+in+Hollywood+Walk+of+Fame&rft.pages=55%2C+63&rft.date=1984-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBbEDAAAAMBAJ%26q%3DAs%2Bcarmen%2BJones%2BMs.%2BHonored%2BPosthumously%2Ban%2Bemotion-packed%2Bcere-%2Bmony%252C%2Blate%2Bactress%2BDorothy%2BDandridge%2Bwas%2Bhonored%2Bwith%2Bher%2Bstar%2Bon%2BHollywood%2BWalk%2BFame%26pg%3DPA55&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927005417/http://www.sinuousmag.com/2012/06/creative-feature-black-music-month-dorothy-dandridge/">"Creative Feature: #BlackMusicMonth – Dorothy Dandridge"</a>. June 22, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sinuousmag.com/2012/06/creative-feature-black-music-month-dorothy-dandridge/">the original</a> on September 27, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 23,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Creative+Feature%3A+%23BlackMusicMonth+%E2%80%93+Dorothy+Dandridge&rft.date=2012-06-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sinuousmag.com%2F2012%2F06%2Fcreative-feature-black-music-month-dorothy-dandridge%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anndandridgepublicrelations.ning.com/photo/dorothy-dandridge-statue-in">"Dorothy Dandridge statue in Hollywood"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 23,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dorothy+Dandridge+statue+in+Hollywood&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fanndandridgepublicrelations.ning.com%2Fphoto%2Fdorothy-dandridge-statue-in&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFCarroll2013" class="citation news cs1">Carroll, Jim (August 30, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/music/janelle-monae-makes-an-electric-return-1.1509648">"Janelle Monae makes an electric return"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Janelle+Monae+makes+an+electric+return&rft.date=2013-08-30&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fculture%2Fmusic%2Fjanelle-monae-makes-an-electric-return-1.1509648&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFCanby1969" class="citation news cs1">Canby, Vincent (June 26, 1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1969/06/26/archives/the-lost-man-opens-herepoitier-in-lead-role-as-a-black-militant.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left">'</span>The Lost Man' Opens Here:Poitier in Lead Role as a Black Militant Four Other Films Also Start Local Runs"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27The+Lost+Man%27+Opens+Here%3APoitier+in+Lead+Role+as+a+Black+Militant+Four+Other+Films+Also+Start+Local+Runs&rft.date=1969-06-26&rft.aulast=Canby&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1969%2F06%2F26%2Farchives%2Fthe-lost-man-opens-herepoitier-in-lead-role-as-a-black-militant.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFSastry2016" class="citation magazine cs1">Sastry, Keertana (February 12, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ew.com/recap/black-ish-season-2-episode-14/">"Black-ish recap: Sink or Swim"</a>. <i>Entertainment Weekly</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entertainment+Weekly&rft.atitle=Black-ish+recap%3A+Sink+or+Swim&rft.date=2016-02-12&rft.aulast=Sastry&rft.aufirst=Keertana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Few.com%2Frecap%2Fblack-ish-season-2-episode-14%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFJackson2020" class="citation web cs1">Jackson, Angelique (May 4, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2020/tv/news/laura-harrier-hollywood-netflix-interview-ryan-murphy-dorothy-dandridge-halle-berry-1234592690/">"Laura Harrier on Studying Dorothy Dandridge, Halle Berry to Play a Star on the Rise in Netflix's 'Hollywood<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. <i>Variety</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Laura+Harrier+on+Studying+Dorothy+Dandridge%2C+Halle+Berry+to+Play+a+Star+on+the+Rise+in+Netflix%27s+%27Hollywood%27&rft.date=2020-05-04&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Angelique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2020%2Ftv%2Fnews%2Flaura-harrier-hollywood-netflix-interview-ryan-murphy-dorothy-dandridge-halle-berry-1234592690%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFFrederick2020" class="citation news cs1">Frederick, Candice (May 7, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/07/arts/television/hollywood-laura-harrier-netflix.html">"Laura Harrier on Rewriting Hollywood in Netflix's 'Hollywood<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 16,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Laura+Harrier+on+Rewriting+Hollywood+in+Netflix%27s+%27Hollywood%27&rft.date=2020-05-07&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Frederick&rft.aufirst=Candice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F05%2F07%2Farts%2Ftelevision%2Fhollywood-laura-harrier-netflix.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<dl><dt>Works cited</dt></dl>
<ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFMills1999" class="citation book cs1">Mills, Earl (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qvdBUdtXVswC"><i>Dorothy Dandridge: An Intimate Portrait of Hollywood's First Major Black Film Star</i></a>. Holloway House Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87067-899-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-87067-899-X"><bdi>0-87067-899-X</bdi></a>. First year of publication: 1970.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dorothy+Dandridge%3A+An+Intimate+Portrait+of+Hollywood%27s+First+Major+Black+Film+Star&rft.pub=Holloway+House+Publishing&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-87067-899-X&rft.aulast=Mills&rft.aufirst=Earl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqvdBUdtXVswC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: postscript (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_postscript" title="Category:CS1 maint: postscript">link</a>)</span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFRippy2001" class="citation book cs1">Rippy, Marguerite H. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WCu88MddF1gC&pg=PA194">"Commodity, Tragedy, Desire – Female Sexuality and Blackness in the Iconography of Dorothy Dandridge"</a>. In Bernardi, Daniel (ed.). <i>Classic Hollywood, Classic Whiteness</i>. University of Minnesota Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8166-3238-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8166-3238-3"><bdi>0-8166-3238-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Commodity%2C+Tragedy%2C+Desire+%E2%80%93+Female+Sexuality+and+Blackness+in+the+Iconography+of+Dorothy+Dandridge&rft.btitle=Classic+Hollywood%2C+Classic+Whiteness&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-8166-3238-3&rft.aulast=Rippy&rft.aufirst=Marguerite+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWCu88MddF1gC%26pg%3DPA194&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADorothy+Dandridge" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</span></h2>
<ul><li>Dandridge, Dorothy & Conrad, Earl. <i>Everything and Nothing: The Dorothy Dandridge Tragedy</i>. Abelard-Schuman; 1st edition (1970). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-200-71690-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-200-71690-5">0-200-71690-5</a>. HarperCollins, New Ed edition (2000). – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-095675-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-095675-5">0-06-095675-5</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Bogle" title="Donald Bogle">Bogle, Donald</a>. <i>Dorothy Dandridge: A Biography</i>, Amistad Press, 1997. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56743-034-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-56743-034-1">1-56743-034-1</a>.</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2>
<table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000">
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<td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="/media/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="/media/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></td>
<td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <i><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Dorothy_Dandridge" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Dorothy Dandridge">Dorothy Dandridge</a></b></i>.</td></tr>
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<td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></td>
<td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to: <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Dorothy_Dandridge" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Dorothy Dandridge">Dorothy Dandridge</a></b></i></td></tr>
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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0199268/">Dorothy Dandridge</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/88732">Dorothy Dandridge</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Broadway_Database" title="Internet Broadway Database">Internet Broadway Database</a> <a href="/wiki/Q229251#P1220" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="/media/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="/media/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ddandridge.weebly.com/">Dorothy Dandridge – A Life Unfulfilled</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/2097">Dorothy Dandridge</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://film.virtual-history.com/person.php?personid=5476">Photographs and literature</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20130629163452/https://www.lifestory.com/StoryDetail/SearchStoryDetail/Dorothy.Dandridge?LifeStoryID=20132_f88e0580-09c3-4978-bd7c-94112f967a1c">LifeStory: Honor Dorothy Dandridge's Life</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/DorothyDandridge">FBI file on Dorothy Dandridge</a></li></ul>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229251#identifiers&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Authority_control_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229251#identifiers&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</a> <a href="/wiki/Q229251#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="/media/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" srcset="/media/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/BIBSYS_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="BIBSYS (identifier)">BIBSYS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/1039574">1039574</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/BNE_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="BNE (identifier)">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1568258">XX1568258</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/BNF_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="BNF (identifier)">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13941074r">cb13941074r</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13941074r">(data)</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/GND_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="GND (identifier)">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/12095270X">12095270X</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISNI_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISNI (identifier)">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000116349491">0000 0001 1634 9491</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n85201935">n85201935</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MBA_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="MBA (identifier)">MBA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/fc74743d-ac8a-488a-b3ff-e17cb36b2520">fc74743d-ac8a-488a-b3ff-e17cb36b2520</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NKC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="NKC (identifier)">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mub2016913037&CON_LNG=ENG">mub2016913037</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NLP_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="NLP (identifier)">NLP</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/wikidata-externalid-url?p=1695&id=A30106746">A30106746</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/PLWABN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PLWABN (identifier)">PLWABN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mak.bn.org.pl/cgi-bin/KHW/makwww.exe?BM=1&NU=1&IM=4&WI=9810644446505606">9810644446505606</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/SNAC-ID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SNAC-ID (identifier)">SNAC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6w10hqv">w6w10hqv</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/SUDOC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SUDOC (identifier)">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/088520773">088520773</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Trove_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trove (identifier)">Trove</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/974364">974364</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/VIAF_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="VIAF (identifier)">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/122323989">122323989</a></span></span></li>
<li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/WorldCat_Identities_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WorldCat Identities (identifier)">WorldCat Identities</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n85201935">lccn-n85201935</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | 1620552180 |
