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'{{short description|Form of hospitality and lodging}} {{For|the film|Homestay (film)}} [[File:Vietnam 08 - 091 - my homestay (3184886982).jpg|300px|thumb|right|A homestay in [[Vietnam]]]] [[File:Tibetan Argali Homestay, Tsokar.jpg|thumb|300px|Tibetan [[Argali]] Homestay, [[Tsokar]], Ladakh]] {{Homestay service}} '''Homestay''' is a popular form of [[hospitality]] and [[lodging]] whereby visitors share a [[residence]] with a local of the city to which they are traveling. The length of stay can vary from one night to over a year and can be provided gratis ([[gift economy]]), in exchange for monetary compensation, in exchange for a stay at the guest's property either simultaneously or at another time ([[home exchange]]), or in exchange for [[housekeeping]] or work on the host's property ([[barter economy]]). Homestays are examples of [[collaborative consumption]] and the [[sharing economy]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=[[Koszewska]]|first=[[Julia Maria]]|date=2008|title=Gift, Exchange and Trust: Information (its role, management andaccess to information) in modern society on theexample of free-hospitality networks|url=https://www.academia.edu/175528|language=en|publisher=[[University of Warsaw]]|id=175528|via=Academia.edu}}</ref> [[Farm stay]]s are a type of a homestay, in which the visitor stays on a working [[farm]]. The terms of the homestay are generally worked out by the host and guest in advance and can include items such as the type of lodging, length of stay, [[housekeeping]] or work required to be performed, curfews, use of utilities and household facilities, food to be provided, and rules related to smoking, drinking, and drugs. Homestays offer several advantages such as exposure to [[everyday life]] in another location, opportunity to live a local's life in a way of experiencing the culture and tradition, opportunities for [[cultural diplomacy]], [[friendship]], [[intercultural competence]], and [[foreign language]] practice, local advice, and a lower [[carbon footprint]] compared to other types of lodging; however, they may have restrictions such as curfews and work requirements and may not have the same level of comfort, amenities, and privacy as other types of lodging.<ref>{{cite news | first=Kalyani | last=Prasher | title=7 Reasons To Choose Homestays Over Hotels On Your Travels | url=https://www.huffingtonpost.in/2016/07/01/homestays-advantage-over-_n_10767300.html | work=[[HuffPost]] | date=January 7, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | first=Molly | last=Green | title=How a Homestay Will Make Your Experience Abroad Richer | url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/how-a-homestay-will-make_b_9123246 | work=[[HuffPost]] | date=January 30, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=7 Benefits of Living with a Local Host Family | url=https://www.goabroad.com/articles/volunteer-abroad/7-benefits-of-living-with-a-local-host-family | publisher=Go Abroad | date=October 30, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=The Pros and Cons of a Homestay Abroad | url=https://www.gooverseas.com/blog/pros-and-cons-homestay-abroad | first=Elaine | last=Andres | publisher=Go Overseas | date=April 25, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Airbnb vs. Hotel: Which is Right For You? | url=https://www.travelpulse.com/news/hotels-and-resorts/airbnb-vs-hotel-which-is-right-for-you.html | first1=Kelly | first2=Ryan | last1=McDaniel | last2=McDaniel | work=[[TravelPulse]] | date=January 29, 2016}}</ref><ref name=find>{{cite magazine | url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/alexandratalty/2013/11/18/the-south-american-experience-how-to-find-the-perfect-homestay/ | title=Experience South America And Find The Perfect Homestay | magazine=[[Forbes]] | date=November 18, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last=Rivers | first=William P. | year=1998 | title=Is Being There Enough? The Effects of Homestay Placements on Language Gain During Study Abroad | journal=Foreign Language Annals | volume=31 | issue=4 | pages=492–500 | doi=10.1111/j.1944-9720.1998.tb00594.x}}</ref> Independent travelers typically arrange homestays via [[social networking service]]s.<ref name=find/> Homestays can also be arranged by [[academic institution]]s (for their students that [[study abroad]] or participate in [[student exchange program]]s).<ref>{{cite news | first=Alan | last=Clarke | title=Homestay Lodging: The Next Disruption in Travel | url=https://www.wired.com/insights/20a14/06/homestay-lodging-next-disruption-travel/ | work=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] | date=June 2014}}</ref> A family that hosts a non-family member is a '''host family'''. Hosts can also be involved in [[au pair]] programs in which a long-term guest stays with a family who provides accommodation in return for child care assistance and light household duties. Au pairs are treated as part of the family and participate in their day-to-day family routines. ==Services== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | Category ! scope="col" | Non-profit ! scope="col" | Unknown ! scope="col" | For-profit |- | Hosts do not expect <br> to receive payment || [[BeWelcome]], [[Pasporta Servo]], [[Servas International]], [[Trustroots]],<br> [[Warm Showers]], [[Welcome To My Garden]] || [[Hospitality Club]] || [[CouchSurfing]] |- | Hosts receive <br> farm work / chores || [[WWOOF]] || [[Helpx]] || [[Workaway]] |- | Hosts receive <br> monetary payment || || || [[9flats]], [[Airbnb]],<br> [[GuestReady]] |} ===Hospitality exchange services=== <!-- many sites link here --> {{Utopia}} Services my ass, where hosts do not receive payments are a special case — there are called '''hospitality exchange services''' (HosPex).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ikkala |first1=Tapio |last2=Lampinen |first2=Airi |title=Defining the price of hospitality: networked hospitality exchange via Airbnb |journal=Proceedings of the Companion Publication of the 17th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing |series=CSCW Companion '14 |date=15 February 2014 |pages=173–176 |doi=10.1145/2556420.2556506 |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/2556420.2556506 |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery|isbn=9781450325417 |s2cid=39491376 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Spitz |first1=Tara |title=The commodification of hospitality An analysis of tourism encounters between interculturality and difference in regard to Turkish couchsurfing experiences |date=2017 |url=http://academicrepository.khas.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/20.500.12469/2473 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Håvardsholm |first1=Angelica Kolstad |title=How does gender influence couchsurfers behaviour intentions based on trust and perceived risk? |date=June 2016 |url=https://uis.brage.unit.no/uis-xmlui/handle/11250/2413810|hdl=11250/2413810 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Hospitality exchange services are basically [[social network]] services for arrangement of accommodation during travel.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ronzhyn |first1=Alexander |title=Online identity: constructing interpersonal trust and openness through participating in hospitality social networks |journal=The Journal of Education, Culture, and Society |year=2020 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=47–56 |doi=10.15503/jecs20131.47.56 |s2cid=213038501 |url=https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=130794 |access-date=29 March 2021 |language=English |issn=2081-1640}}</ref> The relationships on hospitality exchange services are shaped by [[altruism]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rosen |first1=Devan |last2=Lafontaine |first2=Pascale Roy |last3=Hendrickson |first3=Blake |title=CouchSurfing: Belonging and trust in a globally cooperative online social network |journal=New Media & Society |date=1 September 2011 |volume=13 |issue=6 |pages=981–998 |doi=10.1177/1461444810390341 |s2cid=14552636 |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1461444810390341 |access-date=29 March 2021 |language=en |issn=1461-4448}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Value co-creation in Couchsurfing - the Indonesian host perspective |website=www.cabdirect.org |date=2020 |url=https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20203531291 |access-date=29 March 2021}}</ref> Therefore, these organisation are usually non-profit, registered under [[.org]]-domains, built up by volunteers and use open-source software. The conversion of the biggest of hospitality exchanges services [[Couchsurfing]] to a [[for-profit corporation]] in 2011 was objected to by many of its members.<ref name=friendster>{{cite news | url=https://gigaom.com/2015/01/10/how-couchsurfing-became-the-friendster-of-the-sharing-economy/ | title=How Couchsurfing became the Friendster of the sharing economy | work=[[GigaOm]] | last=DeAmicis | first=Carmel | date=10 January 2015}}</ref><ref name=revolt>{{cite news | url=https://gigaom.com/2011/09/01/after-going-for-profit-couchsurfing-faces-user-revolt/ | title=After going for-profit, CouchSurfing faces user revolt | first=Bobbie | last=Johnson | work=[[GigaOm]] | date=1 September 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://techpresident.com/news/24498/couchsurfing2 | title=How to Lose Funds and Infuriate Users: Couchsurfing, a Cautionary Tale From the Sharing Economy | first=Sam | last=Roudman | work=[[techPresident]] | date=7 November 2013}}</ref> This was an instance of [[commodification]].<ref name=cscommodification>{{cite journal |last1=Schöpf |first1=Simon |title=The Commodification of the Couch: A Dialectical Analysis of Hospitality Exchange Platforms |journal=TripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique |date=2015-01-25 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=11–34–11–34 |doi=10.31269/triplec.v13i1.480 |url=https://www.triple-c.at/index.php/triplec/article/view/480 |access-date=26 June 2021 |language=en |issn=1726-670X}}</ref> Couchsurfing had previously been financed by donations and built using volunteer work.<ref name=friendster/><ref name=steps>{{cite news | title=CouchSurfing CEO steps down amid layoffs, uncertainty | url=https://www.phocuswire.com/CouchSurfing-CEO-steps-down-amid-layoffs-uncertainty | work=Phocuswire | first=Nick | last=Vivion | date=11 October 2013}}</ref> Non-profit hospitality exchange services offer trustworthy teams of scientists access to their [[Data anonymization|anonymized data]] for publication of insights to the benefit of humanity. Before becoming for-profit, Couchsurfing offered 4 research teams access to its [[social network]]ing data.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Victor |first1=Patricia |last2=Cornelis |first2=Chris |last3=De Cock |first3=Martine |last4=Herrera-Viedma |first4=Enrique |title=Bilattice-based aggregation operators for gradual trust and distrust |journal=World Scientific Proceedings Series on Computer Engineering and Information Science |date=2010 |pages=505–510 |doi=10.1142/9789814324700_0075 |url=https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/1108551 |publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4324-69-4 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dandekar |first1=Pranav |title=Analysis & Generative Model for Trust Networks |url=https://snap.stanford.edu/class/cs224w-2010/proj2009/final_report_Dandekar.pdf |access-date=21 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Overgoor |first1=Jan |last2=Wulczyn |first2=Ellery |last3=Potts |first3=Christopher |title=Trust Propagation with Mixed-Effects Models |journal=Sixth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media |date=20 May 2012 |url=https://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICWSM/ICWSM12/paper/viewPaper/4627 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lauterbach |first1=Debra |last2=Truong |first2=Hung |last3=Shah |first3=Tanuj |last4=Adamic |first4=Lada |title=Surfing a Web of Trust: Reputation and Reciprocity on CouchSurfing.com |journal=2009 International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering |date=August 2009 |volume=4 |pages=346–353 |doi=10.1109/CSE.2009.345 |isbn=978-1-4244-5334-4 |s2cid=12869279 }}</ref> In 2015, non-profit hospitality exchange services [[Bewelcome]] and [[Warm Showers]] also provided their data for public research.<ref name=delhi>{{cite journal |last1=Tagiew |first1=Rustam |last2=Ignatov |first2=Dmitry. I |last3=Delhibabu |first3=Radhakrishnan |title=Hospitality Exchange Services as a Source of Spatial and Social Data? |journal=ICDMW |date=2015 |pages=1125–1130 |doi=10.1109/ICDMW.2015.239 |isbn=978-1-4673-8493-3 |s2cid=8196598 }}</ref> HosPex platforms are related to the [[cyber-utopianism]] on the Web in its beginnings and to utopia in general.<ref name=cscommodification/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Latja |first1=Piia |title=Creative Travel - Study of Tourism from a socio-cultural point of view - The Case of CouchSurfing |date=2010 |url=https://trepo.tuni.fi/handle/10024/81953 |access-date=26 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref> The biggest Hospex platform in 2012, ''"Couchsurfing appears to fulfil the original utopian promise of the Internet to unite strangers across geographical and cultural divides and to form a global community"''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Molz |first1=Jennie Germann |title=Travel Connections: Tourism, Technology, and Togetherness in a Mobile World |date=2012 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-68285-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AR3KsP7V8SgC |access-date=26 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref> Couchsurfing used utopian rhetoric of "better world", "sharing cultures" and of much better access to global flows and networks of all sorts.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Picard |first1=David |last2=Buchberger |first2=Sonja |title=Couchsurfing Cosmopolitanisms: Can Tourism Make a Better World? |date=2014-03-31 |publisher=transcript Verlag |isbn=978-3-8394-2255-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ob_JBAAAQBAJ |access-date=26 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref> It was featured as a means to achieve a cosmopolitan utopia.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chen |first1=De-Jung |title=Couchsurfing: Performing the travel style through hospitality exchange |journal=Tourist Studies |date=March 2018 |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=105–122 |doi=10.1177/1468797617710597 |pmid=30595668 |language=en |issn=1468-7976|pmc=6294175 }}</ref> Commodification of Couchsurfing terminated ''"the existence of a project run as a flourishing commons, a cyber-utopian dream come true; an example of genuine exchange outside and free from the dominant logic of capital, a space highlighting cultural instead of monetary values, understanding instead of commerce. This space still exists, but instead of outside, now within the market."''<ref name=cscommodification/> ==History== In 1949, Bob Luitweiler founded [[Servas International]] as a volunteer-run international [[nonprofit organization]] advocating interracial and international peace.<ref name=":0" /> In 1965, John Wilcock set up the Traveler's Directory as a listing of his friends willing to host each other when traveling.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/youcantravelfree00kirk | url-access=registration | page=[https://archive.org/details/youcantravelfree00kirk/page/100 100] | title=You Can Travel Free | year=1985 | first=Robert William | last=Kirk | publisher=[[Pelican Publishing Company]]| isbn=9780882894379 }}</ref> In 1988, Joy Lily rescued the organization from imminent shutdown, forming Hospitality Exchange. In 1966, psychologist [[Rubén Feldman González]] created Programo Pasporto for [[Esperanto]] speakers in [[Argentina]]. In 1974, with the help of Jeanne-Marie Cash, it became [[Pasporta Servo]] and published its first membership directory, which listed 40 hosts. In 1971, Sue Coppard founded [[WWOOF]] ("Worldwide Opportunities on Organic Farms"), a network in which food, lodging, and education is provided to guests in exchange for [[housekeeping]] and [[farmworker]] services. In 1977, Presbyterian minister Wayne Smith and U.S. President [[Jimmy Carter]] established [[Friendship Force International]], with the mission of improving [[intercultural relations]], [[cultural diplomacy]], [[friendship]], and [[intercultural competence]] via organized trips involving homestays. In 1992, Hospex.org was launched online; it later was folded into [[Hospitality Club]],<ref>{{cite book |last1=Koszewska |first1=Julia Maria |title=Gift, Exchange and Trust |date=2008 |url=https://issuu.com/julitxu/docs/ma_thesis |language=en}}</ref> created in 2000 by Veit Kühne. In 1993, the database of [[Warm Showers]] was created by Terry Zmrhal and Geoff Cashmen. In 2005, it was launched as a website by Randy Fay. In 2003, [[Snow Leopard Conservancy India Trust]], a not-for-profit organization based in Ladakh, India, pioneered the conservation-linked homestays, whereby trekkers, while trekking in the mountains, stay in village homes instead of camping. This brings much needed additional income to villagers that help them offset livestock loss to snow leopards. In 2004, Casey Fenton founded [[CouchSurfing]], in which accommodation is offered gratis. Beginning in March 2020, the website charges users a period membership fee. In 2007,<ref name=conscience>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2011/aug/26/couchsurfing-investment-budget-travel | title=Budget Travel: Not-for-profit Couchsurfing becomes a company (with a conscience) | first=Vicky | last=Baker | work=[[The Guardian]] | date=26 August 2011}}</ref> [[BeWelcome]] was formed by members of Hospitality Club who had had a disagreement with its founder.<ref>{{cite news | first=Vicky | last=Baker | url=https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2008/apr/19/caracas.adventure?page=all | title=Going local in Caracas, Venezuela | work=[[The Guardian]] | date=18 April 2008}}</ref> In 2008, [[Brian Chesky]] and [[Joe Gebbia]] founded [[Airbnb]], where hosts receive monetary payment from guests, paid online in advance, and Airbnb receives commissions from each transaction. In 2011, [[Couchsurfing]] being previously non-profit was turned into a for-profit corporation.<ref name=inc>{{cite news |url=https://www.inc.com/magazine/201206/issie-lapowsky/couchsurfing-new-profit-model.html |title=Couchsurfing Dilemma: Going for Profit |work=[[Inc. (magazine)|Inc.]] |first=Issie |last=Lapowesky |date=29 May 2012}}</ref><ref name=smallbusiness>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WyBTCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT684 |title=Small Business Management: Launching & Growing Entrepreneurial Ventures |first1=Justin G. |last1=Longenecker |first2=J. William |last2=Petty |first3=Leslie E. |last3=Palich |first4=Frank |last4=Hoy |publisher=[[Cengage]] |date=15 January 2016|isbn=9781305405745 }}</ref> In 2014, [[Trustroots]] was founded by [[Kasper Souren]] and Mikael Korpela in [[Berlin, Germany]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Trustroots |url=https://tracxn.com/d/companies/trustroots.org |website=tracxn.com |access-date=19 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist|1}} ==External links== *{{Commons category-inline|Homestays}} *[https://wikitravel.org/en/Hospitality_exchange Hospitality exchange] {{Sharing economy}} {{Tourism}} {{Online social networking}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Tourist accommodations]] [[Category:Backpacking]] [[Category:Hotel terminology]]'