Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{Short description|Economic sector}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
[[File:Trawer Hauling Nets.jpg|thumb|right|Double-rigged shrimp trawler hauling in the nets]]The '''fishing industry''' includes any industry or activity concerned with taking, culturing, processing, preserving, storing, transporting, marketing or selling fish or fish products. It is defined by the [[Food and Agriculture Organization]] as including [[recreational fishing|recreational]], [[Artisan fishing|subsistence]] and [[commercial fishing]], and the related harvesting, [[Fish processing|processing]], and [[Fish marketing|marketing]] sectors.<ref name=":0">FAO Fisheries Section: Glossary: [http://www.fao.org/fi/glossary/default.asp ''Fishing industry.''] Retrieved 28 May 2008.</ref> The commercial activity is aimed at the delivery of [[fish]] and other [[seafood products]] for human consumption or as input factors in other industrial processes. The livelihood of over 500 million people in [[Developing country|developing countries]] depends directly or indirectly on [[Fishery|fisheries]] and [[aquaculture]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121111122513/ftp://ftp.fao.org/FI/brochure/climate_change/policy_brief.pdf Fisheries and Aquaculture in our Changing Climate] Policy brief of the [[FAO]] for the [[UNFCCC]] [[United Nations Climate Change Conference 2009|COP-15]] in Copenhagen, December 2009.</ref>
The fishing industry is struggling with environmental and welfare issues, including [[overfishing]] and [[occupational safety and health|occupational safety]].<ref name="Grant2017">{{cite news
|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/investigations/fishing-industry-deadliest-sector-canada/article36725324/
|accessdate=16 December 2021
|title=Sea Change
|last1=Grant
|first1=Tavia
|date=27 October 2017
|website=theglobeandmail.com
|publisher=The Globe and Mail
|quote=Despite safety gains in many other industries, fishing continues to have the highest fatality rate of any employment sector in Canada.
}}</ref> Additionally, the combined pressures of [[climate change]], [[biodiversity loss]] and overfishing endanger the livelihoods and [[food security]] of a substantial portion of the global population.
==Sectors==
{{commercial fish taxonomy}}
[[File:Albatun Dod.jpg|thumb|right|Modern Spanish [[tuna]] [[purse seiner]] in the [[Seychelles Islands]]]][[File:Tsukiji fish market thuna knife.jpg|thumb|right|Using a special [[Maguro bōchō|tuna knife]] at [[Tsukiji fish market]] in Tokyo]]
[[File:Wash fish market.jpg|thumb|right|Fresh [[seafood]] laid out on one of several floating barge vendors at the [[Maine Avenue Fish Market]] in Washington D.C.]]
There are three principal industry sectors according to the [[Food and Agriculture Organization]] as including [[recreational fishing|recreational]], [[Artisan fishing|subsistence]] and [[commercial fishing]].<ref name=":0" />
Other slightly different definitions exist, for example the Australian government uses:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.frdc.com.au/industry/ |title=Industry |work=[[Fisheries Research and Development Corporation]] |access-date=December 28, 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090614105342/http://frdc.com.au/industry/ |archive-date=June 14, 2009}}</ref>
* '''The commercial sector''': comprises enterprises and individuals associated with wild-catch or aquaculture resources and the various transformations of those resources into products for sale. It is also referred to as the "seafood industry", although non-food items such as pearls are included among its products.
* '''The traditional sector''': comprises enterprises and individuals associated with fisheries resources from which aboriginal people derive products in accordance with their traditions.
* '''The recreational sector''': comprises enterprises and individuals associated for the purpose of recreation, sport or sustenance with fisheries resources from which products are derived that are not for sale.
=== Traditional ===
===Recreational ===
{{Excerpt|Recreational fishing}}
<gallery widths="180">
File:Fishing, Cà Mau.jpg|Lift nets in [[Cà Mau]], Vietnam
File:Flyfishing.jpg|[[Fly fishing]] in a river
</gallery>
===Commercial sector===
{{Excerpt|Commercial fishing}}
== World production ==
{{main|World fish production|Fishing industry by country}}{{multiple image
| align = right
| caption_align = center
| direction = vertical
| width = 300
| header = World capture fisheries and aquaculture production, from FAO's Statistical Yearbook 2021 <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://doi.org/10.4060/cb4477en|title=World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2021|publisher=FAO|year=2021|isbn=978-92-5-134332-6|location=Rome|doi=10.4060/cb4477en |s2cid=240163091 }}</ref>
| header_align = center
| header_background =
| footer =
| footer_align =
| footer_background =
| background color =
| image1 = World capture fisheries and aquaculture production by species group, from World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2021.svg
| alt1 =
| caption1 = ↑ By species group
| image2 = World capture fisheries and aquaculture production by production mode, from World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2021.svg
| alt2 =
| caption2 = ↑ By production mode
| image3 =
| alt3 =
| caption3 =
| total_width =
}}
<gallery widths="300">
File:Contribution of fish to animal protein supply, average 2013-2015.svg|Contribution of fish to animal protein supply, average 2013–2015
</gallery>
Fish are harvested by [[commercial fishing]] and [[aquaculture]].
The [[Fishing industry by country|world harvest]] increased over the 20th century and, by 1986, had stabilized around {{convert|85–95|e6MT|e6ST}} per year.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Larsen|first=Janet|date=16 July 2003|title=Other Fish in the Sea, But For How Long?|url=http://www.earth-policy.org/mobile/releases/update25|access-date=3 June 2020|website=Earth Policy Institute}}</ref> According to the [[Food and Agriculture Organization]] (FAO), the world harvest in 2005 consisted of {{convert|93.3|e6MT|e6ST}} captured by [[commercial fishing]] in [[Wild fisheries of the world|wild fisheries]], plus {{convert|48.1|e6MT|e6ST}} produced by [[fish farm]]s. In addition, {{convert|1.3|e6MT|e6ST}} of [[aquatic plants]] ([[seaweed]] etc.) were captured in wild fisheries and {{convert|14.8|e6MT|e6ST}} were produced by [[aquaculture]].<ref name="FAO: Fisheries and Aquaculture">{{cite web|title=FAO Fisheries & Aquaculture - Home|url=http://www.fao.org/fishery/|access-date=30 January 2016}}</ref> The number of individual fish caught in the wild has been estimated at 0.97–2.7 trillion per year (not counting fish farms or marine invertebrates).<ref name="Mood and Brooke, 2010">A Mood and P Brooke (July 2010). [http://www.fishcount.org.uk/published/std/fishcountstudy.pdf Estimating the Number of Fish Caught in Global Fishing Each Year]. FishCount.org.uk.</ref>
Following is a table of the 2011 world fishing industry harvest in [[tonne]]s (metric tons) by capture and by [[aquaculture]].<ref name="FAO: Fisheries and Aquaculture" />
{| class="sortable wikitable" width="400"
|-
!|
! width="90" |Capture (ton)
! width="90" |Aquaculture (ton)
! width="90" |Total (ton)
|-
|Total
|94,574,113
|83,729,313
|178,303,426
|-
|[[Aquatic plant]]
|1,085,143
|20,975,361
|22,060,504
|-
|[[Aquatic animal]]
|93,488,970
|62,753,952
|156,202,922
|}
== Related industries ==
Once fish is caught, especially in commercial sectors, bringing the fish to consumers require a complex series of related industries.
===Fish farming===
{{main|Aquaculture|Mariculture|Fish farm}}
Aquaculture is the cultivation of [[Aquatic ecosystem|aquatic]] organisms. Unlike [[fishing]], aquaculture, also known as aquafarming, is the cultivation of aquatic populations under controlled conditions.<ref name="AmericanHeritageDef">{{cite web|url=http://www.answers.com/topic/aquaculture|title=Answers - The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions|work=Answers.com|access-date=30 January 2016}}</ref> [[Mariculture]] refers to aquaculture practiced in marine environments. Particular kinds of aquaculture include [[algaculture]] (the production of [[kelp]]/[[seaweed]] and other [[algae]]); [[fish farming]]; [[shrimp farm]]ing, shellfish farming, and the growing of [[pearl|cultured pearls]].
Fish farming involves raising fish commercially in tanks or enclosed pools, usually for food. Fish species raised by fish farms include [[carp]], [[salmon]], [[tilapia]], [[catfish]] and [[cod]]. Increasing demands on [[Wild fisheries of the world|wild fisheries]] by commercial fishing operations have caused widespread [[overfishing]]. Fish farming offers an alternative solution to the increasing [[Market (economics)|market]] [[demand]] for [[fish]] and fish [[protein]].
===Fish processing===
{{main|Fish processing}}
Fish processing is the processing of fish delivered by commercial fisheries and fish farms. The larger fish processing companies have their own fishing fleets and independent fisheries. The products of the industry are usually sold [[wholesale]] to [[grocery chain]]s or to intermediaries.
Fish processing can be subdivided into two categories: fish handling (the initial processing of raw fish) and fish products manufacturing. Aspects of fish processing occur on [[fishing vessel]]s, [[fish processing vessel]]s, and at [[fish processing plant]]s.
Another natural subdivision is into primary processing involved in the filleting and freezing of fresh fish for onward distribution to fresh fish retail and catering outlets, and the secondary processing that produces chilled, frozen and canned products for the retail and catering trades.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royalsoced.org.uk/enquiries/scottishfisheries/scottish_fishing_industry.pdf |last=Smith |first=David |date=March 2004 |title=Inquiry into The Future of the Scottish Fishing Industry |work=[[Royal Society of Edinburgh]] |access-date=December 28, 2020 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701002832/http://www.royalsoced.org.uk/enquiries/scottishfisheries/scottish_fishing_industry.pdf |archive-date=July 1, 2007}}</ref>
===Fish products===
{{main|Fish products}}
Fisheries are estimated to currently provide 16% of the world population's [[protein]]. The flesh of many fish are primarily valued as a source of food; there are many edible species of fish. Other marine life taken as food includes [[shellfish]], [[crustaceans]], [[sea cucumber (food)|sea cucumber]], [[jellyfish]] and [[roe]].
Fish and other marine life can also be used for many other uses: [[pearl]]s and [[Nacre|mother-of-pearl]], [[shark]]skin and [[Rajiformes|rayskin]]. [[Sea horse]]s, [[star fish]], [[sea urchin]]s and [[Holothuroidea|sea cucumber]] are used in [[traditional Chinese medicine]]. [[Tyrian purple]] is a pigment made from marine snails, and [[sepia (color)|sepia]] is a pigment made from the inky secretions of [[cuttlefish]]. [[Animal glue|Fish glue]] has long been valued for its use in all manner of products. [[Isinglass]] is used for the [[clarification (wine)|clarification]] of [[wine]] and [[beer]]. [[Fish emulsion]] is a [[fertilizer]] [[emulsion]] that is produced from the fluid remains of fish processed for [[fish oil]] and [[fish meal]].
Fish derived [[protein]] [[hydrolysate]]s have been identified to exhibit a wide range of [[Biological activity|bioactivities]] making them important to food and health care industries.<ref>{{cite book | last1=Le Gouic | first1=Aurélien V. | last2=Harnedy | first2=Pádraigín A. | last3=FitzGerald | first3=Richard J. | title=Reference Series in Phytochemistry | chapter=Bioactive Peptides From Fish Protein By-Products | publisher=Springer International Publishing | publication-place=Cham | year=2018 | pages=1–35 | issn=2511-834X | doi=10.1007/978-3-319-54528-8_29-1| isbn=978-3-319-26478-3 }}</ref> Hydrolysates derived from fish processing by-products like [[swim bladder]], skin, [[Fish scale|scale]], bones and [[Fish fin|fins]] display [[blood pressure]] regulatory,<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Auwal | first1=Shehu Muhammad | last2=Zainal Abidin | first2=Najib | last3=Zarei | first3=Mohammad | last4=Tan | first4=Chin Ping | last5=Saari | first5=Nazamid | editor-last=Vaudry | editor-first=Hubert | title=Identification, structure-activity relationship and in silico molecular docking analyses of five novel angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory peptides from stone fish (Actinopyga lecanora) hydrolysates | journal=PLOS ONE | publisher=Public Library of Science (PLoS) | volume=14 | issue=5 | date=30 May 2019 | issn=1932-6203 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0197644 | page=e0197644| pmid=31145747 | pmc=6542528 | bibcode=2019PLoSO..1497644A | doi-access=free }}</ref> [[anti-inflammatory]],<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Gao | first1=Ruichang | last2=Yu | first2=Qingqing | last3=Shen | first3=Yang | last4=Chu | first4=Qian | last5=Chen | first5=Ge | last6=Fen | first6=Siyu | last7=Yang | first7=Mingxuan | last8=Yuan | first8=Li | last9=McClements | first9=David Julian | last10=Sun | first10=Quancai | title=Production, bioactive properties, and potential applications of fish protein hydrolysates: Developments and challenges | journal=Trends in Food Science & Technology | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=110 | year=2021 | issn=0924-2244 | doi=10.1016/j.tifs.2021.02.031 | pages=687–699| s2cid=233589867 }}</ref> [[neuroprotective]],<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Cai | first1=Luyun | last2=Wu | first2=Xiaosa | last3=Lv | first3=Yanfang | last4=Xu | first4=Yongxia | last5=Mi | first5=Geng | last6=Li | first6=Jianrong | title=The neuroprotective and antioxidant activities of protein hydrolysates from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) skin | journal=Journal of Food Science and Technology | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | date=13 June 2014 | volume=52 | issue=6 | pages=3750–3755 | issn=0022-1155 | doi=10.1007/s13197-014-1438-z| pmid=26028759 | pmc=4444903 }}</ref> [[immunomodulatory]] and [[anti-cancer]] activity.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Chalamaiah | first1=Meram | last2=Yu | first2=Wenlin | last3=Wu | first3=Jianping | title=Immunomodulatory and anticancer protein hydrolysates (peptides) from food proteins: A review | journal=Food Chemistry | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=245 | year=2018 | issn=0308-8146 | doi=10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.10.087 | pages=205–222| pmid=29287362 }}</ref> Fish hydrolysates are also on the rise for commercial purposes in food industries due to their [[lipid peroxidation]] inhibition, high [[emulsification]] activity and large water retention capacity making them effective food matrix [[Stabiliser (food)|stabilization]] and [[shelf life]] enhancement agents.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Dey | first1=Pritha | last2=Kadharbasha | first2=Saleem | last3=Bajaj | first3=Mayur | last4=Das | first4=Jayashree | last5=Chakraborty | first5=Tanuj | last6=Bhat | first6=Chetna | last7=Banerjee | first7=Pradipta | title=Contribution of Quasifibrillar Properties of Collagen Hydrolysates Towards Lowering of Interface Tension in Emulsion-Based Food Leading to Shelf-Life Enhancement | journal=Food and Bioprocess Technology | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | volume=14 | issue=8 | date=2 May 2021 | issn=1935-5130 | doi=10.1007/s11947-021-02640-z | pages=1566–1586| s2cid=233478876 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1=Vázquez | first1=José Antonio | last2=Rodríguez-Amado | first2=Isabel | last3=Sotelo | first3=Carmen G. | last4=Sanz | first4=Noelia | last5=Pérez-Martín | first5=Ricardo I. | last6=Valcárcel | first6=Jesus | title=Production, Characterization, and Bioactivity of Fish Protein Hydrolysates from Aquaculture Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) Wastes | journal=Biomolecules | publisher=MDPI AG | volume=10 | issue=2 | date=15 February 2020 | issn=2218-273X | doi=10.3390/biom10020310 | page=310| pmid=32075329 | pmc=7072122 | doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1=Das | first1=Jayashree | last2=Dey | first2=Pritha | last3=Chakraborty | first3=Tanuj | last4=Saleem | first4=Kadharbasha | last5=Nagendra | first5=Rashmi | last6=Banerjee | first6=Pradipta | title=Utilization of marine industry waste derived collagen hydrolysate as peroxide inhibition agents in lipid‐based food | journal=Journal of Food Processing and Preservation | publisher=Wiley | volume=42 | issue=2 | year=2017 | issn=0145-8892 | doi=10.1111/jfpp.13430 | page=e13430}}</ref>
In the industry, the term ''[[seafood]] products'' is often used instead of ''fish products''.
===Fish marketing===
{{main|Fish marketing}}
[[Fish market]]s are [[marketplace]] used for the [[trade]] in and sale of fish and other [[seafood]]. They can be dedicated to [[wholesale]] trade between [[fishermen]] and fish [[merchant]]s, or to the sale of seafood to individual [[consumer]]s, or to both. Retail fish markets, a type of [[wet market]], often sell [[street food]] as well.
Most [[shrimp]] are sold frozen and are [[Shrimp marketing|marketed]] in different categories.<ref>
{{cite journal
|doi=10.1016/s0044-8486(98)00186-0
|title=Comparative economics of shrimp farming in Asia
|volume=164
|journal=Aquaculture
|pages=183–200
|year=1998
|last1=Shang
|first1=Yung C.
|last2=Leung
|first2=Pingsun
|last3=Ling
|first3=Bith-Hong
|issue=1–4
}}
</ref> The [[live food fish trade]] is a global system that links fishing communities with markets.
==Environmental impact==
{{Excerpt|environmental impact of fishing}}
{{Excerpt|Artisanal fishing}}
== Sustainable fishery ==
{{Excerpt|sustainable fishery|paragraphs=1-2|file=no}}
==International disputes==
The ocean covers 71% of the earth's surface and 80% of the value of exploited [[marine resources]] are attributed to the fishing industry. The fishing industry has provoked various international disputes as wild fish capture rose to a peak about the end of the 20th century, and has since started a gradual decline.<ref>[http://www.millenniumassessment.org/documents/document.356.aspx.pdf Millennium Ecosystem Assessment]</ref> Iceland, Japan, and Portugal are the greatest consumers of [[seafood]] per capita in the world.{{Cn|date=February 2021}}
===Disputes in the Americas===
[[Chile]] and [[Peru]] are countries with high [[fish consumption]], and therefore had troubles regarding their fish industries. In 1947, Chile and Peru first adopted the 200 [[nautical mile]] standard as their [[exclusive economic zone]] (EEZ), and in 1982, the [[UN]] formally adopted this term. In the 2000s, Chile and Peru suffered a serious fish crisis because of excessive fishing and lack of proper regulations, and now {{clarify|text=political power play in the area is rekindled|date=December 2020}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/25/science/earth/in-mackerels-plunder-hints-of-epic-fish-collapse.html|title=In Mackerel's Plunder, Hints of Epic Fish Collapse|date=25 January 2012|work=International Herald Tribune|access-date=30 January 2016|via=The New York Times}}</ref> From the late 1950s, offshore bottom trawlers began exploiting the deeper part, leading to a large catch increase and a strong decline in the underlying biomass. The stock collapsed to extremely low levels in the early 1990s and this is a well-known example of non-excludable, non-rivalrous [[Public good (economics)|public good]] in economics, causing [[free-rider]] problems.{{Cn|date=February 2021}}
Following the [[collapse of the Atlantic northwest cod fishery]] in 1992, a dispute arose between Canada and the European Union over the right to fish [[Greenland halibut]] (also known as turbot) just outside of Canada's exclusive economic zone in the [[Grand Banks of Newfoundland]]. The dispute became known as the [[Turbot War]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Depleted fish stocks spark Canada's turbot war with Spain |first=Lisa |last=Anderson |work=Chicago Tribune |date=19 March 1995 |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1995-03-19-9503190138-story.html |access-date=28 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Court backs Canada's seizure of trawler during 'turbot war' |newspaper=CBC News |date=27 July 2005 |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/court-backs-canada-s-seizure-of-trawler-during-turbot-war-1.533565 |access-date=28 December 2020}}</ref> On 9 March 1995, in response to observations of foreign vessels fishing illegally in Canadian waters and using illegal equipment outside of Canada's EEZ, Canadian officials boarded and seized the Spanish trawler ''Estai'' in international waters on the Grand Banks.<ref>{{cite news |title=Canada Fires Warning Shots; Seizes Spanish Fishing Boat |first=Anne |last=Swardson |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=10 March 1995 |url=http://tech.mit.edu/V115/N10/canada.10w.html |access-date=28 December 2020}}</ref> Throughout March, the [[Spanish Navy]] deployed patrol ships to protect fishing boats in the area,<ref>{{cite news |title=Spanish trawler Estai reaches port |first=Giles |last=Tremlett |work=United Press International |date=23 March 1995 |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1995/03/23/Spanish-trawler-Estai-reaches-port/7334795934800/ |access-date=28 December 2020}}</ref> and Canadian forces were authorized to open fire on any Spanish vessel showing its guns.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}} Canada and the European Union reached a settlement on 15 April which led to significant reforms in international fishing agreements.<ref>{{cite web |title=Answer to Question No E-4682/10 |first=Maria |last=Damanaki |author-link=Maria Damanaki |website=[[European Parliament]] |date=6 September 2010 |url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-7-2010-4682-ASW_EN.html?redirect |access-date=28 December 2020}}</ref>
===Disputes in Europe===
[[Iceland]] is one of the largest consumers in the world and in 1972, a dispute occurred between [[UK]] and Iceland because of Iceland's announcement of an [[Exclusive Economic Zone]] (EEZ) to reduce overfishing. This dispute is called the [[Cod Wars]], direct confrontations between Icelandic patrol vessels and British warships.{{Cn|date=February 2021}}
Nowadays in Europe in general, countries are searching for a way to recover their fishing industries. Overfishing of [[European Union|EU]] fisheries is costing 3.2 billion euros a year and 100,000 jobs according to a report. So Europe is constantly looking for some collective actions that could be taken to prevent overfishing.<ref name="BBC article">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-16979976|title=Overfishing 'costs EU £2.7bn each year'|work=BBC News|date=10 February 2012|access-date=30 January 2016}}</ref>
===Disputes in Asia===
[[Japan]], [[China]] and [[Korea]] are some of the greatest consumers of fish, and have some disputes over [[Exclusive Economic Zone]].<ref>Urbina, Ian. "[https://www.nbcnews.com/specials/china-illegal-fishing-fleet/ The deadly secret of China's invisible armada]". www.nbcnews.com. NBC News. Retrieved 11 August 2020</ref>
In 2011, due to a serious earthquake, the nuclear power facility in [[Fukushima, Fukushima|Fukushima]] was damaged. Ever since, huge amount of contaminated water leaked and is entering the oceans. [[Tokyo Electric Power Company]] (Tepco) admitted that around 300 tonnes of highly radioactive water had leaked from a storage tank on the site. In the [[Kuroshio Current]], the sea near Fukushima, about 11 countries catch fish. Not only the surrounding countries such as Japan, Korea and China, but also the countries like [[Ukraine]], [[Spain]] and [[Russia]] have boats in the Kuroshio Current. In September 2013, [[South Korea]] banned all fish imports from eight Japanese prefectures, due to the radioactive water leaks from the Fukushima nuclear plant.<ref name="BBC article"/>
The [[North_Pacific_Anadromous_Fish_Commission]]: NPFC was established in 2015 to manage fish stocks against increasing demand.
Members are [[Canada]], [[Japan]], [[Russia]], the [[United States]], and [[South Korea]]. [[China]], [[Taiwan]], and [[Vanuatu]] also participated in the meeting.
The NPFC imposes catch limits on member countries and countries participating in the conference. A crackdown on [[Illegal,_unreported_and_unregulated_fishing]](IUU) vendors was also requested.
== Society and culture ==
=== Global goals ===
International policy to attempt to address these issues is captured in [[Sustainable Development Goal 14]] ("Life below water") and its Target 14.4 on "Sustainable fishing":<ref name=":172">United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, [[:File:A RES 71 313 E.pdf|Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development]] ([https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/313 A/RES/71/313])</ref> "By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end [[overfishing]], [[illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing]] and [[destructive fishing practices]] and implement science-based management plans, in order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible, at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics".
=== Standards and labelling ===
The [[Marine Stewardship Council]] (MSC) is an independent [[non-profit organization]] which sets a standard for [[sustainable fishing]]. Fisheries that wish to demonstrate they are well-managed and sustainable compared to the MSC's standards are assessed by a team of experts or Conformity Assessment Bodies (CABs) who are independent of both the fishery and the MSC.<ref>{{cite web |title=MSC standards — MSC |url=http://www.msc.org/about-us/standards/standards |access-date=2013-04-06 |publisher=Msc.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-02-16 |title=What is a Conformity Assessment Body |url=https://tcab.eu/what-is-a-conformity-assessment-body/ |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=TCAB - Trust Conformity Assessment Body |language=en-US}}</ref>
== By country ==
{{world topic|Fishing industry in|title=Fishing industry by country|noredlinks=yes|state=expand}}
==See also==
*[[Fishery]]
*[[Fishing industry by country]]
*[[Fishing industry in the Caribbean]]
*[[Sustainable fishery|Sustainable fishing]]
==References==
{{reflist|32em}}
==External links==
* [http://www.fao.org/fishery/ FAO Fisheries Information]
* [http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/ NOAA Fisheries Service]
{{fishing industry topics}}
{{fisheries and fishing}}
{{industries}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Fishing industry| ]]
[[Category:Industries (economics)]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | ' on [[Fishery|fisheries]] and [[aquaculture]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121111122513/ftp://ftp.fao.org/FI/brochure/climate_change/policy_brief.pdf Fisheries and Aquaculture in our Changing Climate] Policy brief of the [[FAO]] for the [[UNFCCC]] [[United Nations Climate Change Conference 2009|COP-15]] in Copenhagen, December 2009.</ref>
The fishing industry is struggling with environmental and welfare issues, including [[overfishing]] and [[occupational safety and health|occupational safety]].<ref name="Grant2017">{{site news jkskjfkjskjxcvkdsv
kt nl,s fkd
afkllsflsdf
|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/investigations/fishing-industry-deadliest-sector-canada/article36725324/
|accessdate=16 December 2021
|title=Sea Change
|last1=Grant
|first1=Tavia
|date=27 October 2017
|website=theglobeandmail.com
|publisher=The Globe and Mail
|quote=Despite safety gains in many other industries, fishing continues to have the highest fatality rate of any employment sector in Canada.
}}</ref> Additionally, the combined pressures of [[climate change]], [[biodiversity loss]] and overfishing endanger the livelihoods and [[food security]] of a substantial portion of the global population.
==Sectors==
{{commercial fish taxonomy}}
[[File:Albatun Dod.jpg|thumb|right|Modern Spanish [[tuna]] [[purse seiner]] in the [[Seychelles Islands]]]][[File:Tsukiji fish market thuna knife.jpg|thumb|right|Using a special [[Maguro bōchō|tuna knife]] at [[Tsukiji fish market]] in Tokyo]]
[[File:Wash fish market.jpg|thumb|right|Fresh [[seafood]] laid out on one of several floating barge vendors at the [[Maine Avenue Fish Market]] in Washington D.C.]]
There are three principal industry sectors according to the [[Food and Agriculture Organization]] as including [[recreational fishing|recreational]], [[Artisan fishing|subsistence]] and [[commercial fishing]].<ref name=":0" />
Other slightly different definitions exist, for example the Australian government uses:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.frdc.com.au/industry/ |title=Industry |work=[[Fisheries Research and Development Corporation]] |access-date=December 28, 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090614105342/http://frdc.com.au/industry/ |archive-date=June 14, 2009}}</ref>
* '''The commercial sector''': comprises enterprises and individuals associated with wild-catch or aquaculture resources and the various transformations of those resources into products for sale. It is also referred to as the "seafood industry", although non-food items such as pearls are included among its products.
* '''The traditional sector''': comprises enterprises and individuals associated with fisheries resources from which aboriginal people derive products in accordance with their traditions.
* '''The recreational sector''': comprises enterprises and individuals associated for the purpose of recreation, sport or sustenance with fisheries resources from which products are derived that are not for sale.
=== Traditional ===
===Recreational ===
{{Excerpt|Recreational fishing}}
<gallery widths="180">
File:Fishing, Cà Mau.jpg|Lift nets in [[Cà Mau]], Vietnam
File:Flyfishing.jpg|[[Fly fishing]] in a river
</gallery>
===Commercial sector===
{{Excerpt|Commercial fishing}}
== World production ==
{{main|World fish production|Fishing industry by country}}{{multiple image
| align = right
| caption_align = center
| direction = vertical
| width = 300
| header = World capture fisheries and aquaculture production, from FAO's Statistical Yearbook 2021 <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://doi.org/10.4060/cb4477en|title=World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2021|publisher=FAO|year=2021|isbn=978-92-5-134332-6|location=Rome|doi=10.4060/cb4477en |s2cid=240163091 }}</ref>
| header_align = center
| header_background =
| footer =
| footer_align =
| footer_background =
| background color =
| image1 = World capture fisheries and aquaculture production by species group, from World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2021.svg
| alt1 =
| caption1 = ↑ By species group
| image2 = World capture fisheries and aquaculture production by production mode, from World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2021.svg
| alt2 =
| caption2 = ↑ By production mode
| image3 =
| alt3 =
| caption3 =
| total_width =
}}
<gallery widths="300">
File:Contribution of fish to animal protein supply, average 2013-2015.svg|Contribution of fish to animal protein supply, average 2013–2015
</gallery>
Fish are harvested by [[commercial fishing]] and [[aquaculture]].
The [[Fishing industry by country|world harvest]] increased over the 20th century and, by 1986, had stabilized around {{convert|85–95|e6MT|e6ST}} per year.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Larsen|first=Janet|date=16 July 2003|title=Other Fish in the Sea, But For How Long?|url=http://www.earth-policy.org/mobile/releases/update25|access-date=3 June 2020|website=Earth Policy Institute}}</ref> According to the [[Food and Agriculture Organization]] (FAO), the world harvest in 2005 consisted of {{convert|93.3|e6MT|e6ST}} captured by [[commercial fishing]] in [[Wild fisheries of the world|wild fisheries]], plus {{convert|48.1|e6MT|e6ST}} produced by [[fish farm]]s. In addition, {{convert|1.3|e6MT|e6ST}} of [[aquatic plants]] ([[seaweed]] etc.) were captured in wild fisheries and {{convert|14.8|e6MT|e6ST}} were produced by [[aquaculture]].<ref name="FAO: Fisheries and Aquaculture">{{cite web|title=FAO Fisheries & Aquaculture - Home|url=http://www.fao.org/fishery/|access-date=30 January 2016}}</ref> The number of individual fish caught in the wild has been estimated at 0.97–2.7 trillion per year (not counting fish farms or marine invertebrates).<ref name="Mood and Brooke, 2010">A Mood and P Brooke (July 2010). [http://www.fishcount.org.uk/published/std/fishcountstudy.pdf Estimating the Number of Fish Caught in Global Fishing Each Year]. FishCount.org.uk.</ref>
Following is a table of the 2011 world fishing industry harvest in [[tonne]]s (metric tons) by capture and by [[aquaculture]].<ref name="FAO: Fisheries and Aquaculture" />
{| class="sortable wikitable" width="400"
|-
!|
! width="90" |Capture (ton)
! width="90" |Aquaculture (ton)
! width="90" |Total (ton)
|-
|Total
|94,574,113
|83,729,313
|178,303,426
|-
|[[Aquatic plant]]
|1,085,143
|20,975,361
|22,060,504
|-
|[[Aquatic animal]]
|93,488,970
|62,753,952
|156,202,922
|}
== Related industries ==
Once fish is caught, especially in commercial sectors, bringing the fish to consumers require a complex series of related industries.
===Fish farming===
{{main|Aquaculture|Mariculture|Fish farm}}
Aquaculture is the cultivation of [[Aquatic ecosystem|aquatic]] organisms. Unlike [[fishing]], aquaculture, also known as aquafarming, is the cultivation of aquatic populations under controlled conditions.<ref name="AmericanHeritageDef">{{cite web|url=http://www.answers.com/topic/aquaculture|title=Answers - The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions|work=Answers.com|access-date=30 January 2016}}</ref> [[Mariculture]] refers to aquaculture practiced in marine environments. Particular kinds of aquaculture include [[algaculture]] (the production of [[kelp]]/[[seaweed]] and other [[algae]]); [[fish farming]]; [[shrimp farm]]ing, shellfish farming, and the growing of [[pearl|cultured pearls]].
Fish farming involves raising fish commercially in tanks or enclosed pools, usually for food. Fish species raised by fish farms include [[carp]], [[salmon]], [[tilapia]], [[catfish]] and [[cod]]. Increasing demands on [[Wild fisheries of the world|wild fisheries]] by commercial fishing operations have caused widespread [[overfishing]]. Fish farming offers an alternative solution to the increasing [[Market (economics)|market]] [[demand]] for [[fish]] and fish [[protein]].
===Fish processing===
{{main|Fish processing}}
Fish processing is the processing of fish delivered by commercial fisheries and fish farms. The larger fish processing companies have their own fishing fleets and independent fisheries. The products of the industry are usually sold [[wholesale]] to [[grocery chain]]s or to intermediaries.
Fish processing can be subdivided into two categories: fish handling (the initial processing of raw fish) and fish products manufacturing. Aspects of fish processing occur on [[fishing vessel]]s, [[fish processing vessel]]s, and at [[fish processing plant]]s.
Another natural subdivision is into primary processing involved in the filleting and freezing of fresh fish for onward distribution to fresh fish retail and catering outlets, and the secondary processing that produces chilled, frozen and canned products for the retail and catering trades.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royalsoced.org.uk/enquiries/scottishfisheries/scottish_fishing_industry.pdf |last=Smith |first=David |date=March 2004 |title=Inquiry into The Future of the Scottish Fishing Industry |work=[[Royal Society of Edinburgh]] |access-date=December 28, 2020 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701002832/http://www.royalsoced.org.uk/enquiries/scottishfisheries/scottish_fishing_industry.pdf |archive-date=July 1, 2007}}</ref>
===Fish products===
{{main|Fish products}}
Fisheries are estimated to currently provide 16% of the world population's [[protein]]. The flesh of many fish are primarily valued as a source of food; there are many edible species of fish. Other marine life taken as food includes [[shellfish]], [[crustaceans]], [[sea cucumber (food)|sea cucumber]], [[jellyfish]] and [[roe]].
Fish and other marine life can also be used for many other uses: [[pearl]]s and [[Nacre|mother-of-pearl]], [[shark]]skin and [[Rajiformes|rayskin]]. [[Sea horse]]s, [[star fish]], [[sea urchin]]s and [[Holothuroidea|sea cucumber]] are used in [[traditional Chinese medicine]]. [[Tyrian purple]] is a pigment made from marine snails, and [[sepia (color)|sepia]] is a pigment made from the inky secretions of [[cuttlefish]]. [[Animal glue|Fish glue]] has long been valued for its use in all manner of products. [[Isinglass]] is used for the [[clarification (wine)|clarification]] of [[wine]] and [[beer]]. [[Fish emulsion]] is a [[fertilizer]] [[emulsion]] that is produced from the fluid remains of fish processed for [[fish oil]] and [[fish meal]].
Fish derived [[protein]] [[hydrolysate]]s have been identified to exhibit a wide range of [[Biological activity|bioactivities]] making them important to food and health care industries.<ref>{{cite book | last1=Le Gouic | first1=Aurélien V. | last2=Harnedy | first2=Pádraigín A. | last3=FitzGerald | first3=Richard J. | title=Reference Series in Phytochemistry | chapter=Bioactive Peptides From Fish Protein By-Products | publisher=Springer International Publishing | publication-place=Cham | year=2018 | pages=1–35 | issn=2511-834X | doi=10.1007/978-3-319-54528-8_29-1| isbn=978-3-319-26478-3 }}</ref> Hydrolysates derived from fish processing by-products like [[swim bladder]], skin, [[Fish scale|scale]], bones and [[Fish fin|fins]] display [[blood pressure]] regulatory,<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Auwal | first1=Shehu Muhammad | last2=Zainal Abidin | first2=Najib | last3=Zarei | first3=Mohammad | last4=Tan | first4=Chin Ping | last5=Saari | first5=Nazamid | editor-last=Vaudry | editor-first=Hubert | title=Identification, structure-activity relationship and in silico molecular docking analyses of five novel angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory peptides from stone fish (Actinopyga lecanora) hydrolysates | journal=PLOS ONE | publisher=Public Library of Science (PLoS) | volume=14 | issue=5 | date=30 May 2019 | issn=1932-6203 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0197644 | page=e0197644| pmid=31145747 | pmc=6542528 | bibcode=2019PLoSO..1497644A | doi-access=free }}</ref> [[anti-inflammatory]],<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Gao | first1=Ruichang | last2=Yu | first2=Qingqing | last3=Shen | first3=Yang | last4=Chu | first4=Qian | last5=Chen | first5=Ge | last6=Fen | first6=Siyu | last7=Yang | first7=Mingxuan | last8=Yuan | first8=Li | last9=McClements | first9=David Julian | last10=Sun | first10=Quancai | title=Production, bioactive properties, and potential applications of fish protein hydrolysates: Developments and challenges | journal=Trends in Food Science & Technology | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=110 | year=2021 | issn=0924-2244 | doi=10.1016/j.tifs.2021.02.031 | pages=687–699| s2cid=233589867 }}</ref> [[neuroprotective]],<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Cai | first1=Luyun | last2=Wu | first2=Xiaosa | last3=Lv | first3=Yanfang | last4=Xu | first4=Yongxia | last5=Mi | first5=Geng | last6=Li | first6=Jianrong | title=The neuroprotective and antioxidant activities of protein hydrolysates from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) skin | journal=Journal of Food Science and Technology | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | date=13 June 2014 | volume=52 | issue=6 | pages=3750–3755 | issn=0022-1155 | doi=10.1007/s13197-014-1438-z| pmid=26028759 | pmc=4444903 }}</ref> [[immunomodulatory]] and [[anti-cancer]] activity.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Chalamaiah | first1=Meram | last2=Yu | first2=Wenlin | last3=Wu | first3=Jianping | title=Immunomodulatory and anticancer protein hydrolysates (peptides) from food proteins: A review | journal=Food Chemistry | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=245 | year=2018 | issn=0308-8146 | doi=10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.10.087 | pages=205–222| pmid=29287362 }}</ref> Fish hydrolysates are also on the rise for commercial purposes in food industries due to their [[lipid peroxidation]] inhibition, high [[emulsification]] activity and large water retention capacity making them effective food matrix [[Stabiliser (food)|stabilization]] and [[shelf life]] enhancement agents.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Dey | first1=Pritha | last2=Kadharbasha | first2=Saleem | last3=Bajaj | first3=Mayur | last4=Das | first4=Jayashree | last5=Chakraborty | first5=Tanuj | last6=Bhat | first6=Chetna | last7=Banerjee | first7=Pradipta | title=Contribution of Quasifibrillar Properties of Collagen Hydrolysates Towards Lowering of Interface Tension in Emulsion-Based Food Leading to Shelf-Life Enhancement | journal=Food and Bioprocess Technology | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | volume=14 | issue=8 | date=2 May 2021 | issn=1935-5130 | doi=10.1007/s11947-021-02640-z | pages=1566–1586| s2cid=233478876 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1=Vázquez | first1=José Antonio | last2=Rodríguez-Amado | first2=Isabel | last3=Sotelo | first3=Carmen G. | last4=Sanz | first4=Noelia | last5=Pérez-Martín | first5=Ricardo I. | last6=Valcárcel | first6=Jesus | title=Production, Characterization, and Bioactivity of Fish Protein Hydrolysates from Aquaculture Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) Wastes | journal=Biomolecules | publisher=MDPI AG | volume=10 | issue=2 | date=15 February 2020 | issn=2218-273X | doi=10.3390/biom10020310 | page=310| pmid=32075329 | pmc=7072122 | doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1=Das | first1=Jayashree | last2=Dey | first2=Pritha | last3=Chakraborty | first3=Tanuj | last4=Saleem | first4=Kadharbasha | last5=Nagendra | first5=Rashmi | last6=Banerjee | first6=Pradipta | title=Utilization of marine industry waste derived collagen hydrolysate as peroxide inhibition agents in lipid‐based food | journal=Journal of Food Processing and Preservation | publisher=Wiley | volume=42 | issue=2 | year=2017 | issn=0145-8892 | doi=10.1111/jfpp.13430 | page=e13430}}</ref>
In the industry, the term ''[[seafood]] products'' is often used instead of ''fish products''.
===Fish marketing===
{{main|Fish marketing}}
[[Fish market]]s are [[marketplace]] used for the [[trade]] in and sale of fish and other [[seafood]]. They can be dedicated to [[wholesale]] trade between [[fishermen]] and fish [[merchant]]s, or to the sale of seafood to individual [[consumer]]s, or to both. Retail fish markets, a type of [[wet market]], often sell [[street food]] as well.
Most [[shrimp]] are sold frozen and are [[Shrimp marketing|marketed]] in different categories.<ref>
{{cite journal
|doi=10.1016/s0044-8486(98)00186-0
|title=Comparative economics of shrimp farming in Asia
|volume=164
|journal=Aquaculture
|pages=183–200
|year=1998
|last1=Shang
|first1=Yung C.
|last2=Leung
|first2=Pingsun
|last3=Ling
|first3=Bith-Hong
|issue=1–4
}}
</ref> The [[live food fish trade]] is a global system that links fishing communities with markets.
==Environmental impact==
{{Excerpt|environmental impact of fishing}}
{{Excerpt|Artisanal fishing}}
== Sustainable fishery ==
{{Excerpt|sustainable fishery|paragraphs=1-2|file=no}}
==International disputes==
The ocean covers 71% of the earth's surface and 80% of the value of exploited [[marine resources]] are attributed to the fishing industry. The fishing industry has provoked various international disputes as wild fish capture rose to a peak about the end of the 20th century, and has since started a gradual decline.<ref>[http://www.millenniumassessment.org/documents/document.356.aspx.pdf Millennium Ecosystem Assessment]</ref> Iceland, Japan, and Portugal are the greatest consumers of [[seafood]] per capita in the world.{{Cn|date=February 2021}}
===Disputes in the Americas===
[[Chile]] and [[Peru]] are countries with high [[fish consumption]], and therefore had troubles regarding their fish industries. In 1947, Chile and Peru first adopted the 200 [[nautical mile]] standard as their [[exclusive economic zone]] (EEZ), and in 1982, the [[UN]] formally adopted this term. In the 2000s, Chile and Peru suffered a serious fish crisis because of excessive fishing and lack of proper regulations, and now {{clarify|text=political power play in the area is rekindled|date=December 2020}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/25/science/earth/in-mackerels-plunder-hints-of-epic-fish-collapse.html|title=In Mackerel's Plunder, Hints of Epic Fish Collapse|date=25 January 2012|work=International Herald Tribune|access-date=30 January 2016|via=The New York Times}}</ref> From the late 1950s, offshore bottom trawlers began exploiting the deeper part, leading to a large catch increase and a strong decline in the underlying biomass. The stock collapsed to extremely low levels in the early 1990s and this is a well-known example of non-excludable, non-rivalrous [[Public good (economics)|public good]] in economics, causing [[free-rider]] problems.{{Cn|date=February 2021}}
Following the [[collapse of the Atlantic northwest cod fishery]] in 1992, a dispute arose between Canada and the European Union over the right to fish [[Greenland halibut]] (also known as turbot) just outside of Canada's exclusive economic zone in the [[Grand Banks of Newfoundland]]. The dispute became known as the [[Turbot War]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Depleted fish stocks spark Canada's turbot war with Spain |first=Lisa |last=Anderson |work=Chicago Tribune |date=19 March 1995 |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1995-03-19-9503190138-story.html |access-date=28 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Court backs Canada's seizure of trawler during 'turbot war' |newspaper=CBC News |date=27 July 2005 |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/court-backs-canada-s-seizure-of-trawler-during-turbot-war-1.533565 |access-date=28 December 2020}}</ref> On 9 March 1995, in response to observations of foreign vessels fishing illegally in Canadian waters and using illegal equipment outside of Canada's EEZ, Canadian officials boarded and seized the Spanish trawler ''Estai'' in international waters on the Grand Banks.<ref>{{cite news |title=Canada Fires Warning Shots; Seizes Spanish Fishing Boat |first=Anne |last=Swardson |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=10 March 1995 |url=http://tech.mit.edu/V115/N10/canada.10w.html |access-date=28 December 2020}}</ref> Throughout March, the [[Spanish Navy]] deployed patrol ships to protect fishing boats in the area,<ref>{{cite news |title=Spanish trawler Estai reaches port |first=Giles |last=Tremlett |work=United Press International |date=23 March 1995 |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1995/03/23/Spanish-trawler-Estai-reaches-port/7334795934800/ |access-date=28 December 2020}}</ref> and Canadian forces were authorized to open fire on any Spanish vessel showing its guns.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}} Canada and the European Union reached a settlement on 15 April which led to significant reforms in international fishing agreements.<ref>{{cite web |title=Answer to Question No E-4682/10 |first=Maria |last=Damanaki |author-link=Maria Damanaki |website=[[European Parliament]] |date=6 September 2010 |url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-7-2010-4682-ASW_EN.html?redirect |access-date=28 December 2020}}</ref>
===Disputes in Europe===
[[Iceland]] is one of the largest consumers in the world and in 1972, a dispute occurred between [[UK]] and Iceland because of Iceland's announcement of an [[Exclusive Economic Zone]] (EEZ) to reduce overfishing. This dispute is called the [[Cod Wars]], direct confrontations between Icelandic patrol vessels and British warships.{{Cn|date=February 2021}}
Nowadays in Europe in general, countries are searching for a way to recover their fishing industries. Overfishing of [[European Union|EU]] fisheries is costing 3.2 billion euros a year and 100,000 jobs according to a report. So Europe is constantly looking for some collective actions that could be taken to prevent overfishing.<ref name="BBC article">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-16979976|title=Overfishing 'costs EU £2.7bn each year'|work=BBC News|date=10 February 2012|access-date=30 January 2016}}</ref>
===Disputes in Asia===
[[Japan]], [[China]] and [[Korea]] are some of the greatest consumers of fish, and have some disputes over [[Exclusive Economic Zone]].<ref>Urbina, Ian. "[https://www.nbcnews.com/specials/china-illegal-fishing-fleet/ The deadly secret of China's invisible armada]". www.nbcnews.com. NBC News. Retrieved 11 August 2020</ref>
In 2011, due to a serious earthquake, the nuclear power facility in [[Fukushima, Fukushima|Fukushima]] was damaged. Ever since, huge amount of contaminated water leaked and is entering the oceans. [[Tokyo Electric Power Company]] (Tepco) admitted that around 300 tonnes of highly radioactive water had leaked from a storage tank on the site. In the [[Kuroshio Current]], the sea near Fukushima, about 11 countries catch fish. Not only the surrounding countries such as Japan, Korea and China, but also the countries like [[Ukraine]], [[Spain]] and [[Russia]] have boats in the Kuroshio Current. In September 2013, [[South Korea]] banned all fish imports from eight Japanese prefectures, due to the radioactive water leaks from the Fukushima nuclear plant.<ref name="BBC article"/>
The [[North_Pacific_Anadromous_Fish_Commission]]: NPFC was established in 2015 to manage fish stocks against increasing demand.
Members are [[Canada]], [[Japan]], [[Russia]], the [[United States]], and [[South Korea]]. [[China]], [[Taiwan]], and [[Vanuatu]] also participated in the meeting.
The NPFC imposes catch limits on member countries and countries participating in the conference. A crackdown on [[Illegal,_unreported_and_unregulated_fishing]](IUU) vendors was also requested.
== Society and culture ==
=== Global goals ===
International policy to attempt to address these issues is captured in [[Sustainable Development Goal 14]] ("Life below water") and its Target 14.4 on "Sustainable fishing":<ref name=":172">United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, [[:File:A RES 71 313 E.pdf|Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development]] ([https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/313 A/RES/71/313])</ref> "By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end [[overfishing]], [[illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing]] and [[destructive fishing practices]] and implement science-based management plans, in order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible, at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics".
=== Standards and labelling ===
The [[Marine Stewardship Council]] (MSC) is an independent [[non-profit organization]] which sets a standard for [[sustainable fishing]]. Fisheries that wish to demonstrate they are well-managed and sustainable compared to the MSC's standards are assessed by a team of experts or Conformity Assessment Bodies (CABs) who are independent of both the fishery and the MSC.<ref>{{cite web |title=MSC standards — MSC |url=http://www.msc.org/about-us/standards/standards |access-date=2013-04-06 |publisher=Msc.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-02-16 |title=What is a Conformity Assessment Body |url=https://tcab.eu/what-is-a-conformity-assessment-body/ |access-date=2022-05-19 |website=TCAB - Trust Conformity Assessment Body |language=en-US}}</ref>
== By country ==
{{world topic|Fishing industry in|title=Fishing industry by country|noredlinks=yes|state=expand}}
==See also==
*[[Fishery]]
*[[Fishing industry by country]]
*[[Fishing industry in the Caribbean]]
*[[Sustainable fishery|Sustainable fishing]]
==References==
{{reflist|32em}}
==External links==
* [http://www.fao.org/fishery/ FAO Fisheries Information]
* [http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/ NOAA Fisheries Service]
{{fishing industry topics}}
{{fisheries and fishing}}
{{industries}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Fishing industry| ]]
[[Category:Industries (economics)]]' |
Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-parser-output"><pre>on <a href="/wiki/Fishery" title="Fishery">fisheries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">aquaculture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup>
</pre>
<p>The fishing industry is struggling with environmental and welfare issues, including <a href="/wiki/Overfishing" title="Overfishing">overfishing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Occupational_safety_and_health" title="Occupational safety and health">occupational safety</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Grant2017_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grant2017-2">[2]</a></sup> Additionally, the combined pressures of <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_loss" title="Biodiversity loss">biodiversity loss</a> and overfishing endanger the livelihoods and <a href="/wiki/Food_security" title="Food security">food security</a> of a substantial portion of the global population.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Sectors"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Sectors</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Traditional"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Traditional</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Recreational"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Recreational</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Commercial_sector"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Commercial sector</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#World_production"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">World production</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Related_industries"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Related industries</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Fish_farming"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Fish farming</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Fish_processing"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Fish processing</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Fish_products"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Fish products</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Fish_marketing"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Fish marketing</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Environmental_impact"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Environmental impact</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Sustainable_fishery"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Sustainable fishery</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#International_disputes"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">International disputes</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Disputes_in_the_Americas"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Disputes in the Americas</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Disputes_in_Europe"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Disputes in Europe</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Disputes_in_Asia"><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">Disputes in Asia</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Society_and_culture"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Society and culture</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Global_goals"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Global goals</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Standards_and_labelling"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Standards and labelling</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#By_country"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">By country</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Sectors">Sectors</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fishing_industry&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Sectors">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<table style="border: 1px solid #ccc; background-color: white; vertical-align: middle; width: 248px; margin:0.2em 0 0.2em 1em; float:right; clear:right;">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="padding: 5px">
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129740115">.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.1em;padding:0 0.15em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0 0.15em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style>
<table class="clade" style="font-size:85%;line-height:75%">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129740115"/>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Wild_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild fish">wild</a>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129740115"/>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first"> marine 
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129740115"/>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Pelagic_fish" title="Pelagic fish">pelagic</a>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129740115"/>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first"> <a href="/wiki/Predator_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Predator fish">predator</a> 
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129740115"/>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="/wiki/Tuna" title="Tuna">tuna</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Bluefin-big.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Bluefin-big.jpg" src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Bluefin-big.jpg/20px-Bluefin-big.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" srcset="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Bluefin-big.jpg/30px-Bluefin-big.jpg 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Bluefin-big.jpg/40px-Bluefin-big.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="1140" /></a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="/wiki/Billfish" title="Billfish">billfish</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Xiphias_gladius1.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Xiphias gladius1.jpg" src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Xiphias_gladius1.jpg/20px-Xiphias_gladius1.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="7" srcset="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Xiphias_gladius1.jpg/30px-Xiphias_gladius1.jpg 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Xiphias_gladius1.jpg/40px-Xiphias_gladius1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="259" /></a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="/wiki/Shark" title="Shark">shark</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Carcharhinus_brevipinna.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Carcharhinus brevipinna.jpg" src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Carcharhinus_brevipinna.jpg/20px-Carcharhinus_brevipinna.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="6" srcset="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Carcharhinus_brevipinna.jpg/30px-Carcharhinus_brevipinna.jpg 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Carcharhinus_brevipinna.jpg/40px-Carcharhinus_brevipinna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="577" data-file-height="168" /></a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Forage_fish" title="Forage fish">forage</a>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129740115"/>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="/wiki/Herring" title="Herring">herring</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Herring2.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Herring2.jpg" src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Herring2.jpg/20px-Herring2.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="8" srcset="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Herring2.jpg/30px-Herring2.jpg 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Herring2.jpg/40px-Herring2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="211" data-file-height="81" /></a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="/wiki/Sardine" title="Sardine">sardine</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="/wiki/Anchovy" title="Anchovy">anchovy</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="/wiki/Menhaden" title="Menhaden">menhaden</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label"> <a href="/wiki/Demersal_fish" title="Demersal fish">demersal</a> 
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129740115"/>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="/wiki/Cod_fisheries" title="Cod fisheries">cod</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Atlantic_cod.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Atlantic cod.jpg" src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Atlantic_cod.jpg/20px-Atlantic_cod.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="9" srcset="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Atlantic_cod.jpg/30px-Atlantic_cod.jpg 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Atlantic_cod.jpg/40px-Atlantic_cod.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="255" /></a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="/wiki/Flatfish" title="Flatfish">flatfish</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Pseudopleuronectes_americanus.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Pseudopleuronectes americanus.jpg" src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Pseudopleuronectes_americanus.jpg/20px-Pseudopleuronectes_americanus.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" srcset="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Pseudopleuronectes_americanus.jpg/30px-Pseudopleuronectes_americanus.jpg 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Pseudopleuronectes_americanus.jpg/40px-Pseudopleuronectes_americanus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="159" /></a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="/wiki/Freshwater_fish" title="Freshwater fish">freshwater</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label"> <a href="/wiki/Fish_farm" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish farm">farmed</a> 
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129740115"/>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="/wiki/Carp" title="Carp">carp</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Common_carp.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Common carp.jpg" src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Common_carp.jpg/20px-Common_carp.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="9" srcset="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Common_carp.jpg/30px-Common_carp.jpg 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Common_carp.jpg/40px-Common_carp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="914" data-file-height="394" /></a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_salmon" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquaculture of salmon">salmon</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Salmo_salar_GLERL_1.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Salmo salar GLERL 1.jpg" src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Salmo_salar_GLERL_1.jpg/20px-Salmo_salar_GLERL_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="8" srcset="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Salmo_salar_GLERL_1.jpg/30px-Salmo_salar_GLERL_1.jpg 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Salmo_salar_GLERL_1.jpg/40px-Salmo_salar_GLERL_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="331" /></a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_tilapia" title="Aquaculture of tilapia">tilapia</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left; font-size: 88%; border: 0; padding: 0;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Commercially important finfish fisheries</div>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Albatun_Dod.jpg" class="image"><img src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Albatun_Dod.jpg/220px-Albatun_Dod.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage" srcset="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Albatun_Dod.jpg/330px-Albatun_Dod.jpg 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Albatun_Dod.jpg/440px-Albatun_Dod.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1228" data-file-height="921" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Albatun_Dod.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Modern Spanish <a href="/wiki/Tuna" title="Tuna">tuna</a> <a href="/wiki/Purse_seiner" class="mw-redirect" title="Purse seiner">purse seiner</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Seychelles_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Seychelles Islands">Seychelles Islands</a></div></div></div><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Tsukiji_fish_market_thuna_knife.jpg" class="image"><img src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Tsukiji_fish_market_thuna_knife.jpg/220px-Tsukiji_fish_market_thuna_knife.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="thumbimage" srcset="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Tsukiji_fish_market_thuna_knife.jpg/330px-Tsukiji_fish_market_thuna_knife.jpg 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Tsukiji_fish_market_thuna_knife.jpg/440px-Tsukiji_fish_market_thuna_knife.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="763" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Tsukiji_fish_market_thuna_knife.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Using a special <a href="/wiki/Maguro_b%C5%8Dch%C5%8D" title="Maguro bōchō">tuna knife</a> at <a href="/wiki/Tsukiji_fish_market" title="Tsukiji fish market">Tsukiji fish market</a> in Tokyo</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Wash_fish_market.jpg" class="image"><img src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Wash_fish_market.jpg/220px-Wash_fish_market.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="thumbimage" srcset="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Wash_fish_market.jpg/330px-Wash_fish_market.jpg 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Wash_fish_market.jpg/440px-Wash_fish_market.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3408" data-file-height="2228" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Wash_fish_market.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Fresh <a href="/wiki/Seafood" title="Seafood">seafood</a> laid out on one of several floating barge vendors at the <a href="/wiki/Maine_Avenue_Fish_Market" title="Maine Avenue Fish Market">Maine Avenue Fish Market</a> in Washington D.C.</div></div></div>
<p>There are three principal industry sectors according to the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">Food and Agriculture Organization</a> as including <a href="/wiki/Recreational_fishing" title="Recreational fishing">recreational</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artisan_fishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Artisan fishing">subsistence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Commercial_fishing" title="Commercial fishing">commercial fishing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3">[3]</a></sup>
</p><p>Other slightly different definitions exist, for example the Australian government uses:<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup>
</p>
<ul><li><b>The commercial sector</b>: comprises enterprises and individuals associated with wild-catch or aquaculture resources and the various transformations of those resources into products for sale. It is also referred to as the "seafood industry", although non-food items such as pearls are included among its products.</li>
<li><b>The traditional sector</b>: comprises enterprises and individuals associated with fisheries resources from which aboriginal people derive products in accordance with their traditions.</li>
<li><b>The recreational sector</b>: comprises enterprises and individuals associated for the purpose of recreation, sport or sustenance with fisheries resources from which products are derived that are not for sale.</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Traditional">Traditional</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fishing_industry&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Traditional">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Recreational">Recreational</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fishing_industry&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Recreational">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Recreational_fishing" title="Recreational fishing">Recreational fishing</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="/w/index.php?title=Recreational_fishing&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt">
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Mete_(fiske)_-_Ystad-2018.jpg" class="image"><img src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Mete_%28fiske%29_-_Ystad-2018.jpg/300px-Mete_%28fiske%29_-_Ystad-2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="212" class="thumbimage" srcset="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Mete_%28fiske%29_-_Ystad-2018.jpg/450px-Mete_%28fiske%29_-_Ystad-2018.jpg 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Mete_%28fiske%29_-_Ystad-2018.jpg/600px-Mete_%28fiske%29_-_Ystad-2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1301" data-file-height="921" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Mete_(fiske)_-_Ystad-2018.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Recreational fishing at sunset</div></div></div>
<p><a href="/wiki/Recreational_fishing" title="Recreational fishing">Recreational fishing</a>, also called sport fishing or game fishing, is <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a> for <a href="/wiki/Leisure" title="Leisure">leisure</a>, <a href="/wiki/Exercise" title="Exercise">exercise</a> or <a href="/wiki/Competition" title="Competition">competition</a>. It can be contrasted with <a href="/wiki/Commercial_fishing" title="Commercial fishing">commercial fishing</a>, which is professional fishing for <a href="/wiki/Profit_(economics)" title="Profit (economics)">profit</a>; or <a href="/wiki/Subsistence_fishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Subsistence fishing">subsistence fishing</a>, which is fishing for <a href="/wiki/Survival" title="Survival">survival</a> and <a href="/wiki/Livelihood" title="Livelihood">livelihood</a>.
</p><p>The most common form of recreational fishing is <a href="/wiki/Angling" title="Angling">angling</a>, which is done with a <a href="/wiki/Fishing_rig" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing rig">rig</a> of <a href="/wiki/Fishing_rod" title="Fishing rod">rod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fishing_reel" title="Fishing reel">reel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fishing_line" title="Fishing line">line</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fish_hook" title="Fish hook">hooks</a> and any one of a wide range of <a href="/wiki/Fishing_bait" title="Fishing bait">baits</a>, as well as other complementary devices such as <a href="/wiki/Fishing_sinker" title="Fishing sinker">weights</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fishing_float" title="Fishing float">floats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fishing_swivel" title="Fishing swivel">swivels</a> and <a href="/wiki/Groundbait" title="Groundbait">method feeders</a>, collectively referred to as <i><a href="/wiki/Fishing_tackle" title="Fishing tackle">terminal tackles</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Fishing_lure" title="Fishing lure">Lures</a> are frequently used in place of fresh bait when fishing for <a href="/wiki/Predatory_fish" title="Predatory fish">predatory fishes</a>. Some hobbyists hand-make custom tackles themselves, including <a href="/wiki/Soft_plastic_bait" title="Soft plastic bait">plastic lures</a> and <a href="/wiki/Artificial_fly" title="Artificial fly">artificial flies</a>.
</p><p>Other forms of recreational fishing include <a href="/wiki/Spearfishing" title="Spearfishing">spearfishing</a>, which is done with a <a href="/wiki/Speargun" title="Speargun">speargun</a> or <a href="/wiki/Harpoon" title="Harpoon">harpoon</a> usually while <a href="/wiki/Underwater_diving" title="Underwater diving">diving</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Bowfishing" title="Bowfishing">bowfishing</a>, with is done from above the water with <a href="/wiki/Archery" title="Archery">archery</a> equipments such as a <a href="/wiki/Compound_bow" title="Compound bow">compound bow</a> or <a href="/wiki/Crossbow" title="Crossbow">crossbow</a>. <a href="/wiki/Noodling" title="Noodling">Noodling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trout_tickling" title="Trout tickling">trout tickling</a> are recreational fishing activities that <a href="/wiki/Gathering_seafood_by_hand" title="Gathering seafood by hand">uses hands to catch fish</a>. There are also <a href="/wiki/Fishing_techniques" title="Fishing techniques">fishing techniques</a> that uses <a href="/wiki/Fishing_net" title="Fishing net">nets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fish_trap" title="Fish trap">traps</a> and other unconventional tools such as <a href="/wiki/Snagging" title="Snagging">snag hook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trout_binning" title="Trout binning">sledgehammer</a> and even <a href="/wiki/Boomerang" title="Boomerang">boomerang</a>, although inhumane or <a href="/wiki/Destructive_fishing_practices" title="Destructive fishing practices">destructive fishing practices</a> are generally discouraged and some are outright banned in most countries.
</p><p>Popular <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">fish</a> species pursued by recreational fishermen are collectively known as <a href="/wiki/Game_fish" title="Game fish">game fishes</a>. <a href="/wiki/Big-game_fishing" title="Big-game fishing">Big-game fishing</a>, which targets large open-water fishes such as <a href="/wiki/Tuna" title="Tuna">tuna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Billfish" title="Billfish">billfishes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Marlin" title="Marlin">marlins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swordfish" title="Swordfish">swordfish</a>), <a href="/wiki/Grouper" title="Grouper">grouper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shark" title="Shark">shark</a>, is typically conducted from <a href="/wiki/Yacht" title="Yacht">yachts</a>, although some are also done <a href="/wiki/Land-based_game_fishing" title="Land-based game fishing">from the shore</a> by <a href="/wiki/Casting_(fishing)" title="Casting (fishing)">casting</a> <a href="/wiki/Surf_fishing" title="Surf fishing">far into the waves</a>. Although the caught fish can be <a href="/wiki/Fish_as_food" title="Fish as food">consumed as food</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catch_and_release" title="Catch and release">catch and release</a> is often encouraged for conservation purposes.
</p>
<div style="clear:left;"></div></div></div>
<ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional">
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"><div style="width: 215px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 210px;"><div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Fishing,_C%C3%A0_Mau.jpg" class="image" title="Lift nets in Cà Mau, Vietnam"><img alt="Lift nets in Cà Mau, Vietnam" src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Fishing%2C_C%C3%A0_Mau.jpg/160px-Fishing%2C_C%C3%A0_Mau.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" srcset="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Fishing%2C_C%C3%A0_Mau.jpg/240px-Fishing%2C_C%C3%A0_Mau.jpg 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Fishing%2C_C%C3%A0_Mau.jpg/320px-Fishing%2C_C%C3%A0_Mau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></div></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>Lift nets in <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A0_Mau" title="Cà Mau">Cà Mau</a>, Vietnam
</p>
</div>
</div></li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"><div style="width: 215px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 210px;"><div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flyfishing.jpg" class="image" title="Fly fishing in a river"><img alt="Fly fishing in a river" src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flyfishing.jpg/160px-Flyfishing.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" srcset="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flyfishing.jpg/240px-Flyfishing.jpg 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flyfishing.jpg/320px-Flyfishing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></div></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p><a href="/wiki/Fly_fishing" title="Fly fishing">Fly fishing</a> in a river
</p>
</div>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Commercial_sector">Commercial sector</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fishing_industry&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Commercial sector">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Commercial_fishing" title="Commercial fishing">Commercial fishing</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="/w/index.php?title=Commercial_fishing&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt">
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Greetsiel_33_Poseidon_01.jpg" class="image"><img src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Greetsiel_33_Poseidon_01.jpg/300px-Greetsiel_33_Poseidon_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="213" class="thumbimage" srcset="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Greetsiel_33_Poseidon_01.jpg/450px-Greetsiel_33_Poseidon_01.jpg 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Greetsiel_33_Poseidon_01.jpg/600px-Greetsiel_33_Poseidon_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1134" data-file-height="807" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Greetsiel_33_Poseidon_01.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Commercial <a href="/wiki/Crab_fisheries" title="Crab fisheries">crab fishing</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Elbe" title="Elbe">Elbe</a> River in June 2007.</div></div></div>
<p><a href="/wiki/Commercial_fishing" title="Commercial fishing">Commercial fishing</a> is the activity of catching <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">fish</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Seafood" title="Seafood">seafood</a> for <a href="/wiki/Commerce" title="Commerce">commercial</a> <a href="/wiki/Profit_(economics)" title="Profit (economics)">profit</a>, mostly from <a href="/wiki/Wild_fisheries" title="Wild fisheries">wild fisheries</a>. It provides a large quantity of food to many countries around the world, but those who practice it as an industry must often pursue fish far into the ocean under adverse conditions. Large-scale commercial fishing is also known as <a href="/wiki/Industrial_fishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial fishing">industrial fishing</a>.
</p><p>The major fishing industries are not only owned by major corporations but by small families as well.<sup id="cite_ref-Commercial_fishing_ender_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Commercial_fishing_ender-5">[5]</a></sup> In order to adapt to declining fish populations and increased demand, many commercial fishing operations have reduced the sustainability of their harvest by fishing further down the food chain. This raises concern for <a href="/wiki/Fisheries_management" title="Fisheries management">fishery managers</a> and researchers, who highlight how further they say that for those reasons, the sustainability of the marine ecosystems could be in danger of collapsing.<sup id="cite_ref-Commercial_fishing_ender_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Commercial_fishing_ender-5">[5]</a></sup>
</p><p>Commercial fishermen harvest a wide variety of animals. However, a very small number of species support the majority of the world's fisheries of these species are <a href="/wiki/Herring" title="Herring">herring</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cod" title="Cod">cod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anchovy" title="Anchovy">anchovy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuna" title="Tuna">tuna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flounder" title="Flounder">flounder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mullet_(fish)" title="Mullet (fish)">mullet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Squid" title="Squid">squid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shrimp" title="Shrimp">shrimp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salmon" title="Salmon">salmon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crab" title="Crab">crab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lobster" title="Lobster">lobster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oyster" title="Oyster">oyster</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scallop" title="Scallop">scallops</a>. All except these last four provided a worldwide catch of well over a <a href="/wiki/Million" class="mw-redirect" title="Million">million</a> <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonnes</a> in 1999, with <a href="/wiki/Herring" title="Herring">herring</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sardine" title="Sardine">sardines</a> together providing a catch of over 22 million metric tons in 1999. Many other species are fished in smaller numbers.
</p>
In 2016, of the 171 million tonnes of fish caught, about 88 percent or over 151 million tonnes were utilized for direct human consumption. This share has increased significantly in recent decades, as it was 67 percent in the 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-Commercial_fishing_InBrief_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Commercial_fishing_InBrief-6">[6]</a></sup> In 2016, the greatest part of the 12 percent used for non-food purposes (about 20 million tonnes) was reduced to fishmeal and fish oil (74 percent or 15 million tonnes), while the rest (5 million tonnes) was largely utilized as material for direct feeding in aquaculture and raising of livestock and fur animals, in culture (e.g. fry, fingerlings or small adults for ongrowing), as bait, in pharmaceutical uses and for ornamental purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-Commercial_fishing_InBrief_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Commercial_fishing_InBrief-6">[6]</a></sup></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="World_production">World production</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fishing_industry&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: World production">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/World_fish_production" class="mw-redirect" title="World fish production">World fish production</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_by_country" title="Fishing industry by country">Fishing industry by country</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096954695/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:304px;max-width:304px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader" style="text-align:center;background-color:">World capture fisheries and aquaculture production, from FAO's Statistical Yearbook 2021 <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:World_capture_fisheries_and_aquaculture_production_by_species_group,_from_World_Food_and_Agriculture_%E2%80%93_Statistical_Yearbook_2021.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/World_capture_fisheries_and_aquaculture_production_by_species_group%2C_from_World_Food_and_Agriculture_%E2%80%93_Statistical_Yearbook_2021.svg/300px-World_capture_fisheries_and_aquaculture_production_by_species_group%2C_from_World_Food_and_Agriculture_%E2%80%93_Statistical_Yearbook_2021.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="279" srcset="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/World_capture_fisheries_and_aquaculture_production_by_species_group%2C_from_World_Food_and_Agriculture_%E2%80%93_Statistical_Yearbook_2021.svg/450px-World_capture_fisheries_and_aquaculture_production_by_species_group%2C_from_World_Food_and_Agriculture_%E2%80%93_Statistical_Yearbook_2021.svg.png 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/World_capture_fisheries_and_aquaculture_production_by_species_group%2C_from_World_Food_and_Agriculture_%E2%80%93_Statistical_Yearbook_2021.svg/600px-World_capture_fisheries_and_aquaculture_production_by_species_group%2C_from_World_Food_and_Agriculture_%E2%80%93_Statistical_Yearbook_2021.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="745" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">↑ By species group</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:World_capture_fisheries_and_aquaculture_production_by_production_mode,_from_World_Food_and_Agriculture_%E2%80%93_Statistical_Yearbook_2021.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/World_capture_fisheries_and_aquaculture_production_by_production_mode%2C_from_World_Food_and_Agriculture_%E2%80%93_Statistical_Yearbook_2021.svg/300px-World_capture_fisheries_and_aquaculture_production_by_production_mode%2C_from_World_Food_and_Agriculture_%E2%80%93_Statistical_Yearbook_2021.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="209" srcset="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/World_capture_fisheries_and_aquaculture_production_by_production_mode%2C_from_World_Food_and_Agriculture_%E2%80%93_Statistical_Yearbook_2021.svg/450px-World_capture_fisheries_and_aquaculture_production_by_production_mode%2C_from_World_Food_and_Agriculture_%E2%80%93_Statistical_Yearbook_2021.svg.png 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/World_capture_fisheries_and_aquaculture_production_by_production_mode%2C_from_World_Food_and_Agriculture_%E2%80%93_Statistical_Yearbook_2021.svg/600px-World_capture_fisheries_and_aquaculture_production_by_production_mode%2C_from_World_Food_and_Agriculture_%E2%80%93_Statistical_Yearbook_2021.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="356" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">↑ By production mode</div></div></div></div></div>
<ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional">
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 335px"><div style="width: 335px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 330px;"><div style="margin:15px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Contribution_of_fish_to_animal_protein_supply,_average_2013-2015.svg" class="image" title="Contribution of fish to animal protein supply, average 2013–2015"><img alt="Contribution of fish to animal protein supply, average 2013–2015" src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Contribution_of_fish_to_animal_protein_supply%2C_average_2013-2015.svg/145px-Contribution_of_fish_to_animal_protein_supply%2C_average_2013-2015.svg.png" decoding="async" width="145" height="120" srcset="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Contribution_of_fish_to_animal_protein_supply%2C_average_2013-2015.svg/218px-Contribution_of_fish_to_animal_protein_supply%2C_average_2013-2015.svg.png 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Contribution_of_fish_to_animal_protein_supply%2C_average_2013-2015.svg/291px-Contribution_of_fish_to_animal_protein_supply%2C_average_2013-2015.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="423" /></a></div></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>Contribution of fish to animal protein supply, average 2013–2015
</p>
</div>
</div></li>
</ul>
<p>Fish are harvested by <a href="/wiki/Commercial_fishing" title="Commercial fishing">commercial fishing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">aquaculture</a>.
</p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_by_country" title="Fishing industry by country">world harvest</a> increased over the 20th century and, by 1986, had stabilized around 85–95 million metric tons (94<span style="margin-left:0.2em">×<span style="margin-left:0.1em">10</span></span><s style="display:none">^</s><sup>6</sup>–105<span style="margin-left:0.2em">×<span style="margin-left:0.1em">10</span></span><s style="display:none">^</s><sup>6</sup> short tons) per year.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">Food and Agriculture Organization</a> (FAO), the world harvest in 2005 consisted of 93.3 million metric tons (102.8<span style="margin-left:0.2em">×<span style="margin-left:0.1em">10</span></span><s style="display:none">^</s><sup>6</sup> short tons) captured by <a href="/wiki/Commercial_fishing" title="Commercial fishing">commercial fishing</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wild_fisheries_of_the_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild fisheries of the world">wild fisheries</a>, plus 48.1 million metric tons (53.0<span style="margin-left:0.2em">×<span style="margin-left:0.1em">10</span></span><s style="display:none">^</s><sup>6</sup> short tons) produced by <a href="/wiki/Fish_farm" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish farm">fish farms</a>. In addition, 1.3 million metric tons (1.4<span style="margin-left:0.2em">×<span style="margin-left:0.1em">10</span></span><s style="display:none">^</s><sup>6</sup> short tons) of <a href="/wiki/Aquatic_plants" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquatic plants">aquatic plants</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seaweed" title="Seaweed">seaweed</a> etc.) were captured in wild fisheries and 14.8 million metric tons (16.3<span style="margin-left:0.2em">×<span style="margin-left:0.1em">10</span></span><s style="display:none">^</s><sup>6</sup> short tons) were produced by <a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">aquaculture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FAO:_Fisheries_and_Aquaculture_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAO:_Fisheries_and_Aquaculture-9">[9]</a></sup> The number of individual fish caught in the wild has been estimated at 0.97–2.7 trillion per year (not counting fish farms or marine invertebrates).<sup id="cite_ref-Mood_and_Brooke,_2010_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mood_and_Brooke,_2010-10">[10]</a></sup>
</p><p>Following is a table of the 2011 world fishing industry harvest in <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonnes</a> (metric tons) by capture and by <a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">aquaculture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FAO:_Fisheries_and_Aquaculture_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAO:_Fisheries_and_Aquaculture-9">[9]</a></sup>
</p>
<table class="sortable wikitable" width="400">
<tbody><tr>
<th>
</th>
<th width="90">Capture (ton)
</th>
<th width="90">Aquaculture (ton)
</th>
<th width="90">Total (ton)
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>Total
</td>
<td>94,574,113
</td>
<td>83,729,313
</td>
<td>178,303,426
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/Aquatic_plant" title="Aquatic plant">Aquatic plant</a>
</td>
<td>1,085,143
</td>
<td>20,975,361
</td>
<td>22,060,504
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/wiki/Aquatic_animal" title="Aquatic animal">Aquatic animal</a>
</td>
<td>93,488,970
</td>
<td>62,753,952
</td>
<td>156,202,922
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Related_industries">Related industries</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fishing_industry&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Related industries">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Once fish is caught, especially in commercial sectors, bringing the fish to consumers require a complex series of related industries.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Fish_farming">Fish farming</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fishing_industry&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Fish farming">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">Aquaculture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mariculture" title="Mariculture">Mariculture</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fish_farm" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish farm">Fish farm</a></div>
<p>Aquaculture is the cultivation of <a href="/wiki/Aquatic_ecosystem" title="Aquatic ecosystem">aquatic</a> organisms. Unlike <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a>, aquaculture, also known as aquafarming, is the cultivation of aquatic populations under controlled conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-AmericanHeritageDef_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AmericanHeritageDef-11">[11]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mariculture" title="Mariculture">Mariculture</a> refers to aquaculture practiced in marine environments. Particular kinds of aquaculture include <a href="/wiki/Algaculture" title="Algaculture">algaculture</a> (the production of <a href="/wiki/Kelp" title="Kelp">kelp</a>/<a href="/wiki/Seaweed" title="Seaweed">seaweed</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Algae" title="Algae">algae</a>); <a href="/wiki/Fish_farming" title="Fish farming">fish farming</a>; <a href="/wiki/Shrimp_farm" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrimp farm">shrimp farming</a>, shellfish farming, and the growing of <a href="/wiki/Pearl" title="Pearl">cultured pearls</a>.
</p><p>Fish farming involves raising fish commercially in tanks or enclosed pools, usually for food. Fish species raised by fish farms include <a href="/wiki/Carp" title="Carp">carp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salmon" title="Salmon">salmon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tilapia" title="Tilapia">tilapia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catfish" title="Catfish">catfish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cod" title="Cod">cod</a>. Increasing demands on <a href="/wiki/Wild_fisheries_of_the_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild fisheries of the world">wild fisheries</a> by commercial fishing operations have caused widespread <a href="/wiki/Overfishing" title="Overfishing">overfishing</a>. Fish farming offers an alternative solution to the increasing <a href="/wiki/Market_(economics)" title="Market (economics)">market</a> <a href="/wiki/Demand" title="Demand">demand</a> for <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">fish</a> and fish <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a>.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Fish_processing">Fish processing</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fishing_industry&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Fish processing">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fish_processing" title="Fish processing">Fish processing</a></div>
<p>Fish processing is the processing of fish delivered by commercial fisheries and fish farms. The larger fish processing companies have their own fishing fleets and independent fisheries. The products of the industry are usually sold <a href="/wiki/Wholesale" class="mw-redirect" title="Wholesale">wholesale</a> to <a href="/wiki/Grocery_chain" class="mw-redirect" title="Grocery chain">grocery chains</a> or to intermediaries.
</p><p>Fish processing can be subdivided into two categories: fish handling (the initial processing of raw fish) and fish products manufacturing. Aspects of fish processing occur on <a href="/wiki/Fishing_vessel" title="Fishing vessel">fishing vessels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fish_processing_vessel" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish processing vessel">fish processing vessels</a>, and at <a href="/wiki/Fish_processing_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish processing plant">fish processing plants</a>.
</p><p>Another natural subdivision is into primary processing involved in the filleting and freezing of fresh fish for onward distribution to fresh fish retail and catering outlets, and the secondary processing that produces chilled, frozen and canned products for the retail and catering trades.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Fish_products">Fish products</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fishing_industry&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Fish products">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fish_products" title="Fish products">Fish products</a></div>
<p>Fisheries are estimated to currently provide 16% of the world population's <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a>. The flesh of many fish are primarily valued as a source of food; there are many edible species of fish. Other marine life taken as food includes <a href="/wiki/Shellfish" title="Shellfish">shellfish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crustaceans" class="mw-redirect" title="Crustaceans">crustaceans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sea_cucumber_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea cucumber (food)">sea cucumber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jellyfish" title="Jellyfish">jellyfish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roe" title="Roe">roe</a>.
</p><p>Fish and other marine life can also be used for many other uses: <a href="/wiki/Pearl" title="Pearl">pearls</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nacre" title="Nacre">mother-of-pearl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shark" title="Shark">sharkskin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rajiformes" title="Rajiformes">rayskin</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sea_horse" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea horse">Sea horses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Star_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Star fish">star fish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sea_urchin" title="Sea urchin">sea urchins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Holothuroidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Holothuroidea">sea cucumber</a> are used in <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine" title="Traditional Chinese medicine">traditional Chinese medicine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tyrian_purple" title="Tyrian purple">Tyrian purple</a> is a pigment made from marine snails, and <a href="/wiki/Sepia_(color)" title="Sepia (color)">sepia</a> is a pigment made from the inky secretions of <a href="/wiki/Cuttlefish" title="Cuttlefish">cuttlefish</a>. <a href="/wiki/Animal_glue" title="Animal glue">Fish glue</a> has long been valued for its use in all manner of products. <a href="/wiki/Isinglass" title="Isinglass">Isinglass</a> is used for the <a href="/wiki/Clarification_(wine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarification (wine)">clarification</a> of <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beer" title="Beer">beer</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fish_emulsion" title="Fish emulsion">Fish emulsion</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Fertilizer" title="Fertilizer">fertilizer</a> <a href="/wiki/Emulsion" title="Emulsion">emulsion</a> that is produced from the fluid remains of fish processed for <a href="/wiki/Fish_oil" title="Fish oil">fish oil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fish_meal" title="Fish meal">fish meal</a>.
</p><p>Fish derived <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> <a href="/wiki/Hydrolysate" title="Hydrolysate">hydrolysates</a> have been identified to exhibit a wide range of <a href="/wiki/Biological_activity" title="Biological activity">bioactivities</a> making them important to food and health care industries.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup> Hydrolysates derived from fish processing by-products like <a href="/wiki/Swim_bladder" title="Swim bladder">swim bladder</a>, skin, <a href="/wiki/Fish_scale" title="Fish scale">scale</a>, bones and <a href="/wiki/Fish_fin" title="Fish fin">fins</a> display <a href="/wiki/Blood_pressure" title="Blood pressure">blood pressure</a> regulatory,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Anti-inflammatory" title="Anti-inflammatory">anti-inflammatory</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Neuroprotective" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuroprotective">neuroprotective</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Immunomodulatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Immunomodulatory">immunomodulatory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-cancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-cancer">anti-cancer</a> activity.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup> Fish hydrolysates are also on the rise for commercial purposes in food industries due to their <a href="/wiki/Lipid_peroxidation" title="Lipid peroxidation">lipid peroxidation</a> inhibition, high <a href="/wiki/Emulsification" class="mw-redirect" title="Emulsification">emulsification</a> activity and large water retention capacity making them effective food matrix <a href="/wiki/Stabiliser_(food)" title="Stabiliser (food)">stabilization</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shelf_life" title="Shelf life">shelf life</a> enhancement agents.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup>
</p><p>In the industry, the term <i><a href="/wiki/Seafood" title="Seafood">seafood</a> products</i> is often used instead of <i>fish products</i>.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Fish_marketing">Fish marketing</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fishing_industry&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Fish marketing">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fish_marketing" title="Fish marketing">Fish marketing</a></div>
<p><a href="/wiki/Fish_market" title="Fish market">Fish markets</a> are <a href="/wiki/Marketplace" title="Marketplace">marketplace</a> used for the <a href="/wiki/Trade" title="Trade">trade</a> in and sale of fish and other <a href="/wiki/Seafood" title="Seafood">seafood</a>. They can be dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Wholesale" class="mw-redirect" title="Wholesale">wholesale</a> trade between <a href="/wiki/Fishermen" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishermen">fishermen</a> and fish <a href="/wiki/Merchant" title="Merchant">merchants</a>, or to the sale of seafood to individual <a href="/wiki/Consumer" title="Consumer">consumers</a>, or to both. Retail fish markets, a type of <a href="/wiki/Wet_market" title="Wet market">wet market</a>, often sell <a href="/wiki/Street_food" title="Street food">street food</a> as well.
</p><p>Most <a href="/wiki/Shrimp" title="Shrimp">shrimp</a> are sold frozen and are <a href="/wiki/Shrimp_marketing" title="Shrimp marketing">marketed</a> in different categories.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Live_food_fish_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Live food fish trade">live food fish trade</a> is a global system that links fishing communities with markets.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Environmental_impact">Environmental impact</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fishing_industry&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Environmental impact">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fishing" title="Environmental impact of fishing">Environmental impact of fishing</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_impact_of_fishing&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt">
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:352px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Fishing_down_the_food_web.jpg" class="image"><img src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Fishing_down_the_food_web.jpg/350px-Fishing_down_the_food_web.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="237" class="thumbimage" srcset="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Fishing_down_the_food_web.jpg/525px-Fishing_down_the_food_web.jpg 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Fishing_down_the_food_web.jpg/700px-Fishing_down_the_food_web.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5433" data-file-height="3675" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Fishing_down_the_food_web.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Fishing_down_the_food_web" title="Fishing down the food web">Fishing down the food web</a></div></div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:352px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ghg-emissions-seafood.svg" class="image"><img src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Ghg-emissions-seafood.svg/350px-Ghg-emissions-seafood.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="247" class="thumbimage" srcset="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Ghg-emissions-seafood.svg/525px-Ghg-emissions-seafood.svg.png 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Ghg-emissions-seafood.svg/700px-Ghg-emissions-seafood.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Ghg-emissions-seafood.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Greenhouse gas emissions (kg / kg edible weight) of wild-caught and farmed seafood products</div></div></div>
<p>The <a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fishing" title="Environmental impact of fishing">environmental impact of fishing</a> includes issues such as the availability of <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">fish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Overfishing" title="Overfishing">overfishing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fisheries" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisheries">fisheries</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fisheries_management" title="Fisheries management">fisheries management</a>; as well as the impact of <a href="/wiki/Industrial_fishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial fishing">industrial fishing</a> on other elements of the environment, such as <a href="/wiki/By-catch" class="mw-redirect" title="By-catch">bycatch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup> These issues are part of <a href="/wiki/Marine_conservation" title="Marine conservation">marine conservation</a>, and are addressed in <a href="/wiki/Fisheries_science" title="Fisheries science">fisheries science</a> programs. According to a 2019 <a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a> report, global production of fish, crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic animals has continued to grow and reached 172.6 million tonnes in 2017, with an increase of 4.1 percent compared with 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup> There is a growing gap between the supply of fish and demand, due in part to <a href="/wiki/World_population" title="World population">world population</a> growth.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup>
</p><p>Fishing and pollution from fishing are the largest contributors to the decline in ocean health and water quality. Ghost nets, or nets abandoned in the ocean, are made of plastic and nylon and do not decompose, wreaking extreme havoc on the wildlife and ecosystems they interrupt. The ocean takes up 70% of the earth, so overfishing and hurting the marine environment affects everyone and everything on this planet. On top of the overfishing, there is a seafood shortage resulting from the mass amounts of seafood waste, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Microplastics" title="Microplastics">microplastics</a> that are polluting the seafood consumed by the public. The latter is largely caused by plastic-made fishing gear like <a href="/wiki/Drift_nets" class="mw-redirect" title="Drift nets">drift nets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Longline_fishing" title="Longline fishing">longlining</a> equipment, that are wearing down by use, lost or thrown away.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></sup>
</p><p>The journal <i><a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" title="Science (journal)">Science</a></i> published a four-year study in November 2006, which predicted that, at prevailing trends, the world would run out of wild-caught <a href="/wiki/Seafood" title="Seafood">seafood</a> in 2048. The scientists stated that the decline was a result of <a href="/wiki/Overfishing" title="Overfishing">overfishing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution">pollution</a> and other environmental factors that were reducing the population of fisheries at the same time as their ecosystems were being annihilated. Many countries, such as <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahamas">Bahamas</a>, and international management bodies have taken steps to appropriately manage marine resources.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup>
</p>
Reefs are also being destroyed by <a href="/wiki/Overfishing" title="Overfishing">overfishing</a> because of the huge nets that are dragged along the ocean floor while <a href="/wiki/Trawling" title="Trawling">trawling</a>. Many corals are being destroyed and, as a consequence, the <a href="/wiki/Ecological_niche" title="Ecological niche">ecological niche</a> of many species is at stake.</div></div>
<div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Artisanal_fishing" title="Artisanal fishing">Artisanal fishing</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="/w/index.php?title=Artisanal_fishing&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt">
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Stilts_fishermen_Sri_Lanka_02.jpg" class="image"><img src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Stilts_fishermen_Sri_Lanka_02.jpg/300px-Stilts_fishermen_Sri_Lanka_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="thumbimage" srcset="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Stilts_fishermen_Sri_Lanka_02.jpg/450px-Stilts_fishermen_Sri_Lanka_02.jpg 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Stilts_fishermen_Sri_Lanka_02.jpg/600px-Stilts_fishermen_Sri_Lanka_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Stilts_fishermen_Sri_Lanka_02.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Stilts fishermen, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></div></div></div>
<p><a href="/wiki/Artisanal_fishing" title="Artisanal fishing">Artisanal fishing</a> (or traditional/subsistence fishing) consists of various small-scale, <a href="/wiki/Low-technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Low-technology">low-technology</a>, low-capital, <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a> practices undertaken by individual <a href="/wiki/Fisherman" title="Fisherman">fishing households</a> (as opposed to <a href="/wiki/Commercial_fishing" title="Commercial fishing">commercial fishing</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup> Many of these households are of coastal or island ethnic groups. These households make short (rarely overnight) fishing trips close to the shore. Their produce is usually not processed and is mainly for local consumption. Artisan fishing uses traditional <a href="/wiki/Fishing_techniques" title="Fishing techniques">fishing techniques</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Fishing_rod" title="Fishing rod">rod</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fishing_tackle" title="Fishing tackle">tackle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bow_fishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Bow fishing">fishing arrows</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harpoon" title="Harpoon">harpoons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cast_net" title="Cast net">cast nets</a>, and small (if any) <a href="/wiki/Traditional_fishing_boats" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional fishing boats">traditional fishing boats</a>. For that reason, socio-economic status of artisanal fishing community has become an interest of the authorities in recent years.
</p>
Artisan fishing may be undertaken for both <a href="/wiki/Commercial_fishing" title="Commercial fishing">commercial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Subsistence_economy" title="Subsistence economy">subsistence</a> reasons. It contrasts with large-scale modern commercial fishing practices in that it is often less wasteful and less stressful on fish populations than modern industrial fishing. Target 14.b of <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_14" title="Sustainable Development Goal 14">Sustainable Development Goal 14</a> works to provide access rights to artisanal fishers on marine resources and markets.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Sustainable_fishery">Sustainable fishery</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fishing_industry&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sustainable fishery">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"/><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_fishery" title="Sustainable fishery">Sustainable fishery</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="/w/index.php?title=Sustainable_fishery&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt">
<p>A conventional idea of a <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_fishery" title="Sustainable fishery">sustainable fishery</a> is that it is one that is harvested at a sustainable rate, where the fish population does not decline over time because of fishing practices. <a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">Sustainability</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fisheries" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisheries">fisheries</a> combines theoretical disciplines, such as the <a href="/wiki/Population_dynamics_of_fisheries" title="Population dynamics of fisheries">population dynamics of fisheries</a>, with practical strategies, such as avoiding <a href="/wiki/Overfishing" title="Overfishing">overfishing</a> through techniques such as <a href="/wiki/IFQ" class="mw-redirect" title="IFQ">individual fishing quotas</a>, curtailing <a href="/wiki/Destructive_fishing_practices" title="Destructive fishing practices">destructive</a> and <a href="/wiki/Illegal,_unreported_and_unregulated_fishing" title="Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing">illegal fishing practices</a> by lobbying for appropriate law and policy, setting up protected areas, restoring collapsed fisheries, incorporating all externalities involved in harvesting marine ecosystems into fishery economics, educating stakeholders and the wider public, and developing independent certification programs.
</p>
Some primary concerns around sustainability are that heavy fishing pressures, such as <a href="/wiki/Overexploitation" title="Overexploitation">overexploitation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Growth_overfishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Growth overfishing">growth</a> or <a href="/wiki/Recruitment_overfishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Recruitment overfishing">recruitment overfishing</a>, will result in the loss of significant <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_yield" title="Sustainable yield">potential yield</a>; that <a href="/wiki/Fish_stocks" title="Fish stocks">stock</a> structure will erode to the point where it loses diversity and resilience to environmental fluctuations; that ecosystems and their economic infrastructures will cycle between collapse and recovery; with each cycle less productive than its predecessor; and that changes will occur in the <a href="/wiki/Trophic_level" title="Trophic level">trophic</a> balance (<a href="/wiki/Fishing_down_marine_food_webs" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing down marine food webs">fishing down marine food webs</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Sustainable_fishery_Hilborn2005_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sustainable_fishery_Hilborn2005-31">[31]</a></sup></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="International_disputes">International disputes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fishing_industry&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: International disputes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The ocean covers 71% of the earth's surface and 80% of the value of exploited <a href="/wiki/Marine_resources" title="Marine resources">marine resources</a> are attributed to the fishing industry. The fishing industry has provoked various international disputes as wild fish capture rose to a peak about the end of the 20th century, and has since started a gradual decline.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></sup> Iceland, Japan, and Portugal are the greatest consumers of <a href="/wiki/Seafood" title="Seafood">seafood</a> per capita in the world.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Disputes_in_the_Americas">Disputes in the Americas</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fishing_industry&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Disputes in the Americas">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> are countries with high <a href="/wiki/Fish_consumption" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish consumption">fish consumption</a>, and therefore had troubles regarding their fish industries. In 1947, Chile and Peru first adopted the 200 <a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">nautical mile</a> standard as their <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone" title="Exclusive economic zone">exclusive economic zone</a> (EEZ), and in 1982, the <a href="/wiki/UN" class="mw-redirect" title="UN">UN</a> formally adopted this term. In the 2000s, Chile and Peru suffered a serious fish crisis because of excessive fishing and lack of proper regulations, and now <span class="cleanup-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:#595959; border:1px solid #DDD;">political power play in the area is rekindled</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (December 2020)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></sup> From the late 1950s, offshore bottom trawlers began exploiting the deeper part, leading to a large catch increase and a strong decline in the underlying biomass. The stock collapsed to extremely low levels in the early 1990s and this is a well-known example of non-excludable, non-rivalrous <a href="/wiki/Public_good_(economics)" title="Public good (economics)">public good</a> in economics, causing <a href="/wiki/Free-rider" class="mw-redirect" title="Free-rider">free-rider</a> problems.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Collapse_of_the_Atlantic_northwest_cod_fishery" title="Collapse of the Atlantic northwest cod fishery">collapse of the Atlantic northwest cod fishery</a> in 1992, a dispute arose between Canada and the European Union over the right to fish <a href="/wiki/Greenland_halibut" title="Greenland halibut">Greenland halibut</a> (also known as turbot) just outside of Canada's exclusive economic zone in the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Banks_of_Newfoundland" title="Grand Banks of Newfoundland">Grand Banks of Newfoundland</a>. The dispute became known as the <a href="/wiki/Turbot_War" title="Turbot War">Turbot War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup> On 9 March 1995, in response to observations of foreign vessels fishing illegally in Canadian waters and using illegal equipment outside of Canada's EEZ, Canadian officials boarded and seized the Spanish trawler <i>Estai</i> in international waters on the Grand Banks.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></sup> Throughout March, the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Navy" title="Spanish Navy">Spanish Navy</a> deployed patrol ships to protect fishing boats in the area,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></sup> and Canadian forces were authorized to open fire on any Spanish vessel showing its guns.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Canada and the European Union reached a settlement on 15 April which led to significant reforms in international fishing agreements.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Disputes_in_Europe">Disputes in Europe</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fishing_industry&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Disputes in Europe">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> is one of the largest consumers in the world and in 1972, a dispute occurred between <a href="/wiki/UK" class="mw-redirect" title="UK">UK</a> and Iceland because of Iceland's announcement of an <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_Economic_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Exclusive Economic Zone">Exclusive Economic Zone</a> (EEZ) to reduce overfishing. This dispute is called the <a href="/wiki/Cod_Wars" title="Cod Wars">Cod Wars</a>, direct confrontations between Icelandic patrol vessels and British warships.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p>Nowadays in Europe in general, countries are searching for a way to recover their fishing industries. Overfishing of <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a> fisheries is costing 3.2 billion euros a year and 100,000 jobs according to a report. So Europe is constantly looking for some collective actions that could be taken to prevent overfishing.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_article_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_article-39">[39]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Disputes_in_Asia">Disputes in Asia</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fishing_industry&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Disputes in Asia">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> and <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a> are some of the greatest consumers of fish, and have some disputes over <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_Economic_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Exclusive Economic Zone">Exclusive Economic Zone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></sup>
In 2011, due to a serious earthquake, the nuclear power facility in <a href="/wiki/Fukushima,_Fukushima" class="mw-redirect" title="Fukushima, Fukushima">Fukushima</a> was damaged. Ever since, huge amount of contaminated water leaked and is entering the oceans. <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Electric_Power_Company" title="Tokyo Electric Power Company">Tokyo Electric Power Company</a> (Tepco) admitted that around 300 tonnes of highly radioactive water had leaked from a storage tank on the site. In the <a href="/wiki/Kuroshio_Current" title="Kuroshio Current">Kuroshio Current</a>, the sea near Fukushima, about 11 countries catch fish. Not only the surrounding countries such as Japan, Korea and China, but also the countries like <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> have boats in the Kuroshio Current. In September 2013, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> banned all fish imports from eight Japanese prefectures, due to the radioactive water leaks from the Fukushima nuclear plant.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_article_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_article-39">[39]</a></sup>
</p><p>The <a href="/wiki/North_Pacific_Anadromous_Fish_Commission" title="North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission">North_Pacific_Anadromous_Fish_Commission</a>: NPFC was established in 2015 to manage fish stocks against increasing demand.
Members are <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, and <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>. <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a> also participated in the meeting.
The NPFC imposes catch limits on member countries and countries participating in the conference. A crackdown on <a href="/wiki/Illegal,_unreported_and_unregulated_fishing" title="Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing">Illegal,_unreported_and_unregulated_fishing</a>(IUU) vendors was also requested.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Society_and_culture">Society and culture</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fishing_industry&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Society and culture">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Global_goals">Global goals</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fishing_industry&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Global goals">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>International policy to attempt to address these issues is captured in <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_14" title="Sustainable Development Goal 14">Sustainable Development Goal 14</a> ("Life below water") and its Target 14.4 on "Sustainable fishing":<sup id="cite_ref-:172_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:172-41">[41]</a></sup> "By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end <a href="/wiki/Overfishing" title="Overfishing">overfishing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illegal,_unreported_and_unregulated_fishing" title="Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing">illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Destructive_fishing_practices" title="Destructive fishing practices">destructive fishing practices</a> and implement science-based management plans, in order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible, at least to levels that can produce maximum sustainable yield as determined by their biological characteristics".
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Standards_and_labelling">Standards and labelling</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fishing_industry&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Standards and labelling">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>The <a href="/wiki/Marine_Stewardship_Council" title="Marine Stewardship Council">Marine Stewardship Council</a> (MSC) is an independent <a href="/wiki/Non-profit_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-profit organization">non-profit organization</a> which sets a standard for <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_fishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Sustainable fishing">sustainable fishing</a>. Fisheries that wish to demonstrate they are well-managed and sustainable compared to the MSC's standards are assessed by a team of experts or Conformity Assessment Bodies (CABs) who are independent of both the fishery and the MSC.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="By_country">By country</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fishing_industry&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: By country">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1061467846">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fishing_industry_by_country" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expand navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"/><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1063604349">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_topic" title="Template:World topic"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_topic" title="Template talk:World topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="/w/index.php?title=Template:World_topic&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fishing_industry_by_country" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Fishing industry by country</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing industry in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Algeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing industry in Algeria">Algeria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing industry in Australia">Australia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing industry in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Benin" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing industry in Benin">Benin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Brunei" title="Fishing industry in Brunei">Brunei</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Canada" title="Fishing industry in Canada">Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing industry in Chile">Chile</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_China" title="Fishing industry in China">China</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Denmark" title="Fishing industry in Denmark">Denmark</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing industry in Egypt">Egypt</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Equatorial_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing industry in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Gabon" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing industry in Gabon">Gabon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Ghana" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing industry in Ghana">Ghana</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Iceland" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing industry in Iceland">Iceland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing industry in India">India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Jamaica" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing industry in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing industry in Japan">Japan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Laos" title="Fishing industry in Laos">Laos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing industry in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_the_Marshall_Islands" title="Fishing industry in the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Morocco" title="Fishing industry in Morocco">Morocco</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Namibia" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing industry in Namibia">Namibia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_New_Zealand" title="Fishing industry in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_North_Korea" title="Fishing industry in North Korea">North Korea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing industry in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Palau" title="Fishing industry in Palau">Palau</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Papua_New_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing industry in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing industry in Peru">Peru</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing industry in Portugal">Portugal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing industry in Romania">Romania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Russia" title="Fishing industry in Russia">Russia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Seychelles" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing industry in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_the_Solomon_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing industry in the Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_South_Korea" title="Fishing industry in South Korea">South Korea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Switzerland" title="Fishing industry in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing industry in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Thailand" title="Fishing industry in Thailand">Thailand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Turkmenistan" title="Fishing industry in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Tuvalu" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing industry in Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-disambig" title="Fishing industry in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Fishing industry in the United States">United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Vanuatu" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing industry in Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing industry in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fishing_industry&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fishery" title="Fishery">Fishery</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_by_country" title="Fishing industry by country">Fishing industry by country</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_the_Caribbean" title="Fishing industry in the Caribbean">Fishing industry in the Caribbean</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_fishery" title="Sustainable fishery">Sustainable fishing</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fishing_industry&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 32em;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121111122513/ftp://ftp.fao.org/FI/brochure/climate_change/policy_brief.pdf">Fisheries and Aquaculture in our Changing Climate</a> Policy brief of the <a href="/wiki/FAO" class="mw-redirect" title="FAO">FAO</a> for the <a href="/wiki/UNFCCC" class="mw-redirect" title="UNFCCC">UNFCCC</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference_2009" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Climate Change Conference 2009">COP-15</a> in Copenhagen, December 2009.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Grant2017-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Grant2017_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">{{site news jkskjfkjskjxcvkdsv
kt nl,s fkd
afkllsflsdf
|url=<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/investigations/fishing-industry-deadliest-sector-canada/article36725324/">https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/investigations/fishing-industry-deadliest-sector-canada/article36725324/</a>
|accessdate=16 December 2021
|title=Sea Change
|last1=Grant
|first1=Tavia
|date=27 October 2017
|website=theglobeandmail.com
|publisher=The Globe and Mail
|quote=Despite safety gains in many other industries, fishing continues to have the highest fatality rate of any employment sector in Canada.
}}</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: The named reference <code>:0</code> was invoked but never defined (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_no_text" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text">help page</a>).</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1133582631">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("/media/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("/media/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("/media/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("/media/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.frdc.com.au/industry/">"Industry"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_Research_and_Development_Corporation" title="Fisheries Research and Development Corporation">Fisheries Research and Development Corporation</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090614105342/http://frdc.com.au/industry/">Archived</a> from the original on June 14, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fisheries+Research+and+Development+Corporation&rft.atitle=Industry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frdc.com.au%2Findustry%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFishing+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Commercial_fishing_ender-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Commercial_fishing_ender_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Commercial_fishing_ender_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFEndter-WadaKeenan2005" class="citation journal cs1">Endter-Wada J, Keenan S (2005). "Adaptations by Long-Term Commercial Fishing Families in the California Bight: Coping with Changing Coastal Ecological and Social Systems". <i>Human Organization</i>. <b>64</b> (3): 225–237. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17730%2Fhumo.64.3.0c2uc20ct6mgdmjf">10.17730/humo.64.3.0c2uc20ct6mgdmjf</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Organization&rft.atitle=Adaptations+by+Long-Term+Commercial+Fishing+Families+in+the+California+Bight%3A+Coping+with+Changing+Coastal+Ecological+and+Social+Systems&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=225-237&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17730%2Fhumo.64.3.0c2uc20ct6mgdmjf&rft.aulast=Endter-Wada&rft.aufirst=Joanna&rft.au=Keenan%2C+Sean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFishing+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Commercial_fishing_InBrief-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Commercial_fishing_InBrief_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Commercial_fishing_InBrief_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/3/ca0191en/ca0191en.pdf"><i>In brief, The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture, 2018</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. FAO. 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+brief%2C+The+State+of+World+Fisheries+and+Aquaculture%2C+2018&rft.pub=FAO&rft.date=2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2F3%2Fca0191en%2Fca0191en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFishing+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4060/cb4477en"><i>World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2021</i></a>. Rome: FAO. 2021. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4060%2Fcb4477en">10.4060/cb4477en</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-5-134332-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-5-134332-6"><bdi>978-92-5-134332-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:240163091">240163091</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Food+and+Agriculture+%E2%80%93+Statistical+Yearbook+2021&rft.place=Rome&rft.pub=FAO&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A240163091%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4060%2Fcb4477en&rft.isbn=978-92-5-134332-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4060%2Fcb4477en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFishing+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFLarsen2003" class="citation web cs1">Larsen, Janet (16 July 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earth-policy.org/mobile/releases/update25">"Other Fish in the Sea, But For How Long?"</a>. <i>Earth Policy Institute</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Earth+Policy+Institute&rft.atitle=Other+Fish+in+the+Sea%2C+But+For+How+Long%3F&rft.date=2003-07-16&rft.aulast=Larsen&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.earth-policy.org%2Fmobile%2Freleases%2Fupdate25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFishing+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FAO:_Fisheries_and_Aquaculture-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FAO:_Fisheries_and_Aquaculture_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FAO:_Fisheries_and_Aquaculture_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/fishery/">"FAO Fisheries & Aquaculture - Home"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FAO+Fisheries+%26+Aquaculture+-+Home&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Ffishery%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFishing+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Mood_and_Brooke,_2010-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mood_and_Brooke,_2010_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A Mood and P Brooke (July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishcount.org.uk/published/std/fishcountstudy.pdf">Estimating the Number of Fish Caught in Global Fishing Each Year</a>. FishCount.org.uk.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-AmericanHeritageDef-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AmericanHeritageDef_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.answers.com/topic/aquaculture">"Answers - The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions"</a>. <i>Answers.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Answers.com&rft.atitle=Answers+-+The+Most+Trusted+Place+for+Answering+Life%27s+Questions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.answers.com%2Ftopic%2Faquaculture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFishing+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFSmith2004" class="citation web cs1">Smith, David (March 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070701002832/http://www.royalsoced.org.uk/enquiries/scottishfisheries/scottish_fishing_industry.pdf">"Inquiry into The Future of the Scottish Fishing Industry"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Edinburgh" title="Royal Society of Edinburgh">Royal Society of Edinburgh</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royalsoced.org.uk/enquiries/scottishfisheries/scottish_fishing_industry.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on July 1, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royal+Society+of+Edinburgh&rft.atitle=Inquiry+into+The+Future+of+the+Scottish+Fishing+Industry&rft.date=2004-03&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalsoced.org.uk%2Fenquiries%2Fscottishfisheries%2Fscottish_fishing_industry.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFishing+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFLe_GouicHarnedyFitzGerald2018" class="citation book cs1">Le Gouic, Aurélien V.; Harnedy, Pádraigín A.; FitzGerald, Richard J. (2018). "Bioactive Peptides From Fish Protein By-Products". <i>Reference Series in Phytochemistry</i>. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 1–35. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-54528-8_29-1">10.1007/978-3-319-54528-8_29-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-26478-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-26478-3"><bdi>978-3-319-26478-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2511-834X">2511-834X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bioactive+Peptides+From+Fish+Protein+By-Products&rft.btitle=Reference+Series+in+Phytochemistry&rft.place=Cham&rft.pages=1-35&rft.pub=Springer+International+Publishing&rft.date=2018&rft.issn=2511-834X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-54528-8_29-1&rft.isbn=978-3-319-26478-3&rft.aulast=Le+Gouic&rft.aufirst=Aur%C3%A9lien+V.&rft.au=Harnedy%2C+P%C3%A1draig%C3%ADn+A.&rft.au=FitzGerald%2C+Richard+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFishing+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFAuwalZainal_AbidinZareiTan2019" class="citation journal cs1">Auwal, Shehu Muhammad; Zainal Abidin, Najib; Zarei, Mohammad; Tan, Chin Ping; Saari, Nazamid (30 May 2019). Vaudry, Hubert (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6542528">"Identification, structure-activity relationship and in silico molecular docking analyses of five novel angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory peptides from stone fish (Actinopyga lecanora) hydrolysates"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. Public Library of Science (PLoS). <b>14</b> (5): e0197644. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019PLoSO..1497644A">2019PLoSO..1497644A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0197644">10.1371/journal.pone.0197644</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1932-6203">1932-6203</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6542528">6542528</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31145747">31145747</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=Identification%2C+structure-activity+relationship+and+in+silico+molecular+docking+analyses+of+five+novel+angiotensin+I-converting+enzyme+%28ACE%29-inhibitory+peptides+from+stone+fish+%28Actinopyga+lecanora%29+hydrolysates&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=e0197644&rft.date=2019-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6542528%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2019PLoSO..1497644A&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31145747&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0197644&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.aulast=Auwal&rft.aufirst=Shehu+Muhammad&rft.au=Zainal+Abidin%2C+Najib&rft.au=Zarei%2C+Mohammad&rft.au=Tan%2C+Chin+Ping&rft.au=Saari%2C+Nazamid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6542528&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFishing+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFGaoYuShenChu2021" class="citation journal cs1">Gao, Ruichang; Yu, Qingqing; Shen, Yang; Chu, Qian; Chen, Ge; Fen, Siyu; Yang, Mingxuan; Yuan, Li; McClements, David Julian; Sun, Quancai (2021). "Production, bioactive properties, and potential applications of fish protein hydrolysates: Developments and challenges". <i>Trends in Food Science & Technology</i>. Elsevier BV. <b>110</b>: 687–699. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tifs.2021.02.031">10.1016/j.tifs.2021.02.031</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0924-2244">0924-2244</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:233589867">233589867</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Food+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Production%2C+bioactive+properties%2C+and+potential+applications+of+fish+protein+hydrolysates%3A+Developments+and+challenges&rft.volume=110&rft.pages=687-699&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A233589867%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0924-2244&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.tifs.2021.02.031&rft.aulast=Gao&rft.aufirst=Ruichang&rft.au=Yu%2C+Qingqing&rft.au=Shen%2C+Yang&rft.au=Chu%2C+Qian&rft.au=Chen%2C+Ge&rft.au=Fen%2C+Siyu&rft.au=Yang%2C+Mingxuan&rft.au=Yuan%2C+Li&rft.au=McClements%2C+David+Julian&rft.au=Sun%2C+Quancai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFishing+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFCaiWuLvXu2014" class="citation journal cs1">Cai, Luyun; Wu, Xiaosa; Lv, Yanfang; Xu, Yongxia; Mi, Geng; Li, Jianrong (13 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4444903">"The neuroprotective and antioxidant activities of protein hydrolysates from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) skin"</a>. <i>Journal of Food Science and Technology</i>. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. <b>52</b> (6): 3750–3755. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs13197-014-1438-z">10.1007/s13197-014-1438-z</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0022-1155">0022-1155</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4444903">4444903</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26028759">26028759</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=The+neuroprotective+and+antioxidant+activities+of+protein+hydrolysates+from+grass+carp+%28Ctenopharyngodon+idella%29+skin&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=3750-3755&rft.date=2014-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4444903%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0022-1155&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26028759&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs13197-014-1438-z&rft.aulast=Cai&rft.aufirst=Luyun&rft.au=Wu%2C+Xiaosa&rft.au=Lv%2C+Yanfang&rft.au=Xu%2C+Yongxia&rft.au=Mi%2C+Geng&rft.au=Li%2C+Jianrong&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4444903&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFishing+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFChalamaiahYuWu2018" class="citation journal cs1">Chalamaiah, Meram; Yu, Wenlin; Wu, Jianping (2018). "Immunomodulatory and anticancer protein hydrolysates (peptides) from food proteins: A review". <i>Food Chemistry</i>. Elsevier BV. <b>245</b>: 205–222. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.foodchem.2017.10.087">10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.10.087</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0308-8146">0308-8146</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29287362">29287362</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Immunomodulatory+and+anticancer+protein+hydrolysates+%28peptides%29+from+food+proteins%3A+A+review&rft.volume=245&rft.pages=205-222&rft.date=2018&rft.issn=0308-8146&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29287362&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.foodchem.2017.10.087&rft.aulast=Chalamaiah&rft.aufirst=Meram&rft.au=Yu%2C+Wenlin&rft.au=Wu%2C+Jianping&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFishing+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFDeyKadharbashaBajajDas2021" class="citation journal cs1">Dey, Pritha; Kadharbasha, Saleem; Bajaj, Mayur; Das, Jayashree; Chakraborty, Tanuj; Bhat, Chetna; Banerjee, Pradipta (2 May 2021). "Contribution of Quasifibrillar Properties of Collagen Hydrolysates Towards Lowering of Interface Tension in Emulsion-Based Food Leading to Shelf-Life Enhancement". <i>Food and Bioprocess Technology</i>. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. <b>14</b> (8): 1566–1586. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11947-021-02640-z">10.1007/s11947-021-02640-z</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1935-5130">1935-5130</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:233478876">233478876</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Bioprocess+Technology&rft.atitle=Contribution+of+Quasifibrillar+Properties+of+Collagen+Hydrolysates+Towards+Lowering+of+Interface+Tension+in+Emulsion-Based+Food+Leading+to+Shelf-Life+Enhancement&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=1566-1586&rft.date=2021-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A233478876%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1935-5130&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11947-021-02640-z&rft.aulast=Dey&rft.aufirst=Pritha&rft.au=Kadharbasha%2C+Saleem&rft.au=Bajaj%2C+Mayur&rft.au=Das%2C+Jayashree&rft.au=Chakraborty%2C+Tanuj&rft.au=Bhat%2C+Chetna&rft.au=Banerjee%2C+Pradipta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFishing+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFVázquezRodríguez-AmadoSoteloSanz2020" class="citation journal cs1">Vázquez, José Antonio; Rodríguez-Amado, Isabel; Sotelo, Carmen G.; Sanz, Noelia; Pérez-Martín, Ricardo I.; Valcárcel, Jesus (15 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7072122">"Production, Characterization, and Bioactivity of Fish Protein Hydrolysates from Aquaculture Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) Wastes"</a>. <i>Biomolecules</i>. MDPI AG. <b>10</b> (2): 310. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fbiom10020310">10.3390/biom10020310</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2218-273X">2218-273X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7072122">7072122</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32075329">32075329</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biomolecules&rft.atitle=Production%2C+Characterization%2C+and+Bioactivity+of+Fish+Protein+Hydrolysates+from+Aquaculture+Turbot+%28Scophthalmus+maximus%29+Wastes&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=310&rft.date=2020-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7072122%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=2218-273X&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32075329&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fbiom10020310&rft.aulast=V%C3%A1zquez&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Antonio&rft.au=Rodr%C3%ADguez-Amado%2C+Isabel&rft.au=Sotelo%2C+Carmen+G.&rft.au=Sanz%2C+Noelia&rft.au=P%C3%A9rez-Mart%C3%ADn%2C+Ricardo+I.&rft.au=Valc%C3%A1rcel%2C+Jesus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7072122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFishing+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFDasDeyChakrabortySaleem2017" class="citation journal cs1">Das, Jayashree; Dey, Pritha; Chakraborty, Tanuj; Saleem, Kadharbasha; Nagendra, Rashmi; Banerjee, Pradipta (2017). "Utilization of marine industry waste derived collagen hydrolysate as peroxide inhibition agents in lipid‐based food". <i>Journal of Food Processing and Preservation</i>. Wiley. <b>42</b> (2): e13430. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fjfpp.13430">10.1111/jfpp.13430</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0145-8892">0145-8892</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Processing+and+Preservation&rft.atitle=Utilization+of+marine+industry+waste+derived+collagen+hydrolysate+as+peroxide+inhibition+agents+in+lipid%E2%80%90based+food&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=e13430&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fjfpp.13430&rft.issn=0145-8892&rft.aulast=Das&rft.aufirst=Jayashree&rft.au=Dey%2C+Pritha&rft.au=Chakraborty%2C+Tanuj&rft.au=Saleem%2C+Kadharbasha&rft.au=Nagendra%2C+Rashmi&rft.au=Banerjee%2C+Pradipta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFishing+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFShangLeungLing1998" class="citation journal cs1">Shang, Yung C.; Leung, Pingsun; Ling, Bith-Hong (1998). "Comparative economics of shrimp farming in Asia". <i>Aquaculture</i>. <b>164</b> (1–4): 183–200. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0044-8486%2898%2900186-0">10.1016/s0044-8486(98)00186-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquaculture&rft.atitle=Comparative+economics+of+shrimp+farming+in+Asia&rft.volume=164&rft.issue=1%E2%80%934&rft.pages=183-200&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0044-8486%2898%2900186-0&rft.aulast=Shang&rft.aufirst=Yung+C.&rft.au=Leung%2C+Pingsun&rft.au=Ling%2C+Bith-Hong&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFishing+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFFrouzFrouzová2022" class="citation book cs1">Frouz, Jan; Frouzová, Jaroslava (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-83225-4"><i>Applied Ecology</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-030-83225-4">10.1007/978-3-030-83225-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-83224-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-83224-7"><bdi>978-3-030-83224-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:245009867">245009867</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Applied+Ecology&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A245009867%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-030-83225-4&rft.isbn=978-3-030-83224-7&rft.aulast=Frouz&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft.au=Frouzov%C3%A1%2C+Jaroslava&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fbook%2F10.1007%2F978-3-030-83225-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFishing+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFFood_and_Agriculture_Organization_of_the_United_Nations_(FAO)2019" class="citation web cs1">Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/fishery/static/Yearbook/YB2017_USBcard/booklet/CA5495T_web.pdf">"Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics 2017"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191026013049/http://www.fao.org/fishery/static/Yearbook/YB2017_USBcard/booklet/CA5495T_web.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2019-10-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fishery+and+Aquaculture+Statistics+2017&rft.date=2019&rft.au=Food+and+Agriculture+Organization+of+the+United+Nations+%28FAO%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Ffishery%2Fstatic%2FYearbook%2FYB2017_USBcard%2Fbooklet%2FCA5495T_web.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFishing+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sharkresearch.rsmas.miami.edu/conservation/global-population-growth-wild-fish-stocks-and-the-future-of-aquaculture">"Global population growth, wild fish stocks, and the future of aquaculture | Shark Research & Conservation Program (SRC) | University of Miami"</a>. <i>sharkresearch.rsmas.miami.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sharkresearch.rsmas.miami.edu&rft.atitle=Global+population+growth%2C+wild+fish+stocks%2C+and+the+future+of+aquaculture+%7C+Shark+Research+%26+Conservation+Program+%28SRC%29+%7C+University+of+Miami&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsharkresearch.rsmas.miami.edu%2Fconservation%2Fglobal-population-growth-wild-fish-stocks-and-the-future-of-aquaculture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFishing+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFLaville2019" class="citation web cs1">Laville, Sandra (2019-11-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/nov/06/dumped-fishing-gear-is-biggest-plastic-polluter-in-ocean-finds-report">"Dumped fishing gear is biggest plastic polluter in ocean, finds report"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Dumped+fishing+gear+is+biggest+plastic+polluter+in+ocean%2C+finds+report&rft.date=2019-11-06&rft.aulast=Laville&rft.aufirst=Sandra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2019%2Fnov%2F06%2Fdumped-fishing-gear-is-biggest-plastic-polluter-in-ocean-finds-report&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFishing+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFMagazineKindy" class="citation web cs1">Magazine, Smithsonian; Kindy, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/fishing-fleets-contribute-significantly-to-microplastic-pollution-study-says-180978760/">"With Ropes and Nets, Fishing Fleets Contribute Significantly to Microplastic Pollution"</a>. <i>Smithsonian Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Magazine&rft.atitle=With+Ropes+and+Nets%2C+Fishing+Fleets+Contribute+Significantly+to+Microplastic+Pollution&rft.aulast=Magazine&rft.aufirst=Smithsonian&rft.au=Kindy%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fsmart-news%2Ffishing-fleets-contribute-significantly-to-microplastic-pollution-study-says-180978760%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFishing+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFWorm,_Boris2006" class="citation journal cs1">Worm, Boris; et al. (2006-11-03). "Impacts of Biodiversity Loss on Ocean Ecosystem Services". <i>Science</i>. <b>314</b> (5800): 787–790. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006Sci...314..787W">2006Sci...314..787W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1132294">10.1126/science.1132294</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17082450">17082450</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:37235806">37235806</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Impacts+of+Biodiversity+Loss+on+Ocean+Ecosystem+Services&rft.volume=314&rft.issue=5800&rft.pages=787-790&rft.date=2006-11-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1132294&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A37235806%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17082450&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006Sci...314..787W&rft.au=Worm%2C+Boris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFishing+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFJuliet_Eilperin2006" class="citation news cs1">Juliet Eilperin (2 November 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/02/AR2006110200913.html">"Seafood Population Depleted by 2048, Study Finds"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Seafood+Population+Depleted+by+2048%2C+Study+Finds&rft.date=2006-11-02&rft.au=Juliet+Eilperin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2006%2F11%2F02%2FAR2006110200913.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFishing+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFGarcia,_S.M.2009" class="citation book cs1">Garcia, S.M. (2009). "Glossary". In Cochrane, K.; Garcia, S.M. (eds.). <i>A fishery managers handbook</i>. FAO and Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 473–505.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Glossary&rft.btitle=A+fishery+managers+handbook&rft.pages=473-505&rft.pub=FAO+and+Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2009&rft.au=Garcia%2C+S.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFishing+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fao.org/sustainable-development-goals/indicators/14b1/en/">"14.b.1 Access rights for small-scale fisheries | Sustainable Development Goals"</a>. <i>Fao.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fao.org&rft.atitle=14.b.1+Access+rights+for+small-scale+fisheries+%26%23124%3B+Sustainable+Development+Goals&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Fsustainable-development-goals%2Findicators%2F14b1%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFishing+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Sustainable_fishery_Hilborn2005-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sustainable_fishery_Hilborn2005_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">
<a href="/wiki/Ray_Hilborn" title="Ray Hilborn">Hilborn, Ray</a> (2005) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J-2JcCC_Yn0C&pg=PP1">"Are Sustainable Fisheries Achievable?"</a> Chapter 15, pp. 247–259, in Norse and Crowder (2005).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.millenniumassessment.org/documents/document.356.aspx.pdf">Millennium Ecosystem Assessment</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/25/science/earth/in-mackerels-plunder-hints-of-epic-fish-collapse.html">"In Mackerel's Plunder, Hints of Epic Fish Collapse"</a>. <i>International Herald Tribune</i>. 25 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2016</span> – via The New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Herald+Tribune&rft.atitle=In+Mackerel%27s+Plunder%2C+Hints+of+Epic+Fish+Collapse&rft.date=2012-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F01%2F25%2Fscience%2Fearth%2Fin-mackerels-plunder-hints-of-epic-fish-collapse.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFishing+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFAnderson1995" class="citation news cs1">Anderson, Lisa (19 March 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1995-03-19-9503190138-story.html">"Depleted fish stocks spark Canada's turbot war with Spain"</a>. <i>Chicago Tribune</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Depleted+fish+stocks+spark+Canada%27s+turbot+war+with+Spain&rft.date=1995-03-19&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fnews%2Fct-xpm-1995-03-19-9503190138-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFishing+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/court-backs-canada-s-seizure-of-trawler-during-turbot-war-1.533565">"Court backs Canada's seizure of trawler during 'turbot war'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>CBC News</i>. 27 July 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Court+backs+Canada%27s+seizure+of+trawler+during+%27turbot+war%27&rft.date=2005-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fcourt-backs-canada-s-seizure-of-trawler-during-turbot-war-1.533565&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFishing+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFSwardson1995" class="citation news cs1">Swardson, Anne (10 March 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tech.mit.edu/V115/N10/canada.10w.html">"Canada Fires Warning Shots; Seizes Spanish Fishing Boat"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Canada+Fires+Warning+Shots%3B+Seizes+Spanish+Fishing+Boat&rft.date=1995-03-10&rft.aulast=Swardson&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftech.mit.edu%2FV115%2FN10%2Fcanada.10w.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFishing+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFTremlett1995" class="citation news cs1">Tremlett, Giles (23 March 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Archives/1995/03/23/Spanish-trawler-Estai-reaches-port/7334795934800/">"Spanish trawler Estai reaches port"</a>. <i>United Press International</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=United+Press+International&rft.atitle=Spanish+trawler+Estai+reaches+port&rft.date=1995-03-23&rft.aulast=Tremlett&rft.aufirst=Giles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FArchives%2F1995%2F03%2F23%2FSpanish-trawler-Estai-reaches-port%2F7334795934800%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFishing+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite id="CITEREFDamanaki2010" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Maria_Damanaki" title="Maria Damanaki">Damanaki, Maria</a> (6 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-7-2010-4682-ASW_EN.html?redirect">"Answer to Question No E-4682/10"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Parliament&rft.atitle=Answer+to+Question+No+E-4682%2F10&rft.date=2010-09-06&rft.aulast=Damanaki&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2Fdoceo%2Fdocument%2FE-7-2010-4682-ASW_EN.html%3Fredirect&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFishing+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-BBC_article-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_article_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_article_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-16979976">"Overfishing 'costs EU £2.7bn each year'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 10 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Overfishing+%27costs+EU+%C2%A32.7bn+each+year%27&rft.date=2012-02-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-16979976&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFishing+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Urbina, Ian. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/specials/china-illegal-fishing-fleet/">The deadly secret of China's invisible armada</a>". www.nbcnews.com. NBC News. Retrieved 11 August 2020</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:172-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:172_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">United Nations (2017) Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017, <a href="/wiki/File:A_RES_71_313_E.pdf" title="File:A RES 71 313 E.pdf">Work of the Statistical Commission pertaining to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://undocs.org/A/RES/71/313">A/RES/71/313</a>)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.msc.org/about-us/standards/standards">"MSC standards — MSC"</a>. Msc.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-04-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MSC+standards+%E2%80%94+MSC&rft.pub=Msc.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.msc.org%2Fabout-us%2Fstandards%2Fstandards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFishing+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tcab.eu/what-is-a-conformity-assessment-body/">"What is a Conformity Assessment Body"</a>. <i>TCAB - Trust Conformity Assessment Body</i>. 2018-02-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TCAB+-+Trust+Conformity+Assessment+Body&rft.atitle=What+is+a+Conformity+Assessment+Body&rft.date=2018-02-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftcab.eu%2Fwhat-is-a-conformity-assessment-body%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFishing+industry" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fishing_industry&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/fishery/">FAO Fisheries Information</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/">NOAA Fisheries Service</a></li></ul>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Wild_fisheries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wild_fisheries" title="Wild fisheries">Wild fisheries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.2em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fishing industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_fishing" title="Commercial fishing">Commercial fishing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fish_slaughter" title="Fish slaughter">Fish slaughter</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_harvested_aquatic_animals_by_weight" class="mw-redirect" title="List of harvested aquatic animals by weight">List of harvested aquatic animals by weight</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trawling" title="Trawling">Trawling</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pair_trawling" title="Pair trawling">Pair trawling</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Midwater_trawling" title="Midwater trawling">Midwater trawling</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bottom_trawling" title="Bottom trawling">Bottom trawling</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Seine_fishing" title="Seine fishing">Seining</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gillnetting" title="Gillnetting">Gillnetting</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Longline_fishing" title="Longline fishing">Longlining</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trolling_(fishing)" title="Trolling (fishing)">Trolling</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_dredge" title="Fishing dredge">Dredging</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_vessel" title="Fishing vessel">Fishing vessels</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Puretic_power_block" title="Puretic power block">Power block</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:RV_Celtic_Explorer,_Galway_Bay,_Ireland.jpg" class="image"><img alt="RV Celtic Explorer, Galway Bay, Ireland.jpg" src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/RV_Celtic_Explorer%2C_Galway_Bay%2C_Ireland.jpg/140px-RV_Celtic_Explorer%2C_Galway_Bay%2C_Ireland.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="88" srcset="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/RV_Celtic_Explorer%2C_Galway_Bay%2C_Ireland.jpg/210px-RV_Celtic_Explorer%2C_Galway_Bay%2C_Ireland.jpg 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/RV_Celtic_Explorer%2C_Galway_Bay%2C_Ireland.jpg/280px-RV_Celtic_Explorer%2C_Galway_Bay%2C_Ireland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1620" data-file-height="1023" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.2em"><a href="/wiki/Fish_processing" title="Fish processing">Fish processing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fish_factory" title="Fish factory">Fish factory</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Factory_ship" title="Factory ship">Factory ship</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fish_preservation" title="Fish preservation">Fish preservation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Slurry_ice" title="Slurry ice">Slurry ice</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dried_fish" title="Dried fish">Dried fish</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Filleted_fish" class="mw-redirect" title="Filleted fish">Filleted fish</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gibbing" title="Gibbing">Gibbing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_cannery" title="Salmon cannery">Salmon cannery</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Salted_fish" title="Salted fish">Salted fish</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Smoked_fish" title="Smoked fish">Smoked fish</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kipper" title="Kipper">Kippers</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fish_processing" title="Category:Fish processing">more...</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.2em"><a href="/wiki/Fish_products" title="Fish products">Fish products</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seafood" title="Seafood">Seafood</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fish_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish (food)">Fish as food</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Caviar" title="Caviar">Caviar</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cod_liver_oil" title="Cod liver oil">Cod liver oil</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Roe" title="Roe">Fish roe</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fish_emulsion" title="Fish emulsion">Fish emulsion</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fish_meal" title="Fish meal">Fish meal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fish_hydrolysate" title="Fish hydrolysate">Fish hydrolysate</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fish_oil" title="Fish oil">Fish oil</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fish_protein_powder" title="Fish protein powder">Fish protein powder</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fish_sauce" title="Fish sauce">Fish sauce</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gravlax" title="Gravlax">Gravlax</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A1karl" title="Hákarl">Hákarl</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lox" title="Lox">Lox</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lutefisk" title="Lutefisk">Lutefisk</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rakfisk" title="Rakfisk">Rakfisk</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shrimp_paste" title="Shrimp paste">Shrimp paste</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Surimi" title="Surimi">Surimi</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Surstr%C3%B6mming" title="Surströmming">Surströmming</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Seafood" title="Category:Seafood">Seafood list</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Edible_seaweeds" title="Category:Edible seaweeds">Edible seaweeds</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Edible_algae" title="Category:Edible algae">Algae</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Edible_crustaceans" title="Category:Edible crustaceans">Crustaceans</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Edible_molluscs" title="Category:Edible molluscs">Molluscs</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fish_products" title="Category:Fish products">more...</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.2em"><a href="/wiki/Fish_marketing" title="Fish marketing">Fish marketing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Live_fish_trade" title="Live fish trade">Live fish trade</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shrimp_marketing" title="Shrimp marketing">Shrimp marketing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chasse-mar%C3%A9e" title="Chasse-marée">Chasse-marée</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fishmonger" title="Fishmonger">Fishmonger</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fishwife" title="Fishwife">Fishwife</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Fishmongers" title="Worshipful Company of Fishmongers">Worshipful Company of Fishmongers</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.2em"><a href="/wiki/Fish_market" title="Fish market">Fish markets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billingsgate_Fish_Market" title="Billingsgate Fish Market">Billingsgate</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_Fish_Market" title="Fulton Fish Market">Fulton</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Maine_Avenue_Fish_Market" title="Maine Avenue Fish Market">Maine Avenue</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/English_Market" title="English Market">English Market</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Scania_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="Scania Market">Scania</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tsukiji_fish_market" title="Tsukiji fish market">Tsukiji</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fish_markets" title="Category:Fish markets">more...</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.2em">Area fisheries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_fish_production" class="mw-redirect" title="World fish production">World fish production</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing by country">Fishing by country</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Agulhas_Bank" title="Agulhas Bank">Fishing banks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_the_North_Sea" title="Fishing in the North Sea">Other areas</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Aquaculture_and_farmed_fisheries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">Aquaculture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fish_farming" title="Fish farming">farmed fisheries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.2em"><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">Aquaculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquaculture engineering">Aquaculture engineering</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aquaponics" title="Aquaponics">Aquaponics</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Best_Aquaculture_Practices_(BAP)" class="mw-redirect" title="Best Aquaculture Practices (BAP)">Best practices</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Copper_alloys_in_aquaculture" title="Copper alloys in aquaculture">Copper alloys</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fisheries_and_aquaculture_research_institutes" title="Category:Fisheries and aquaculture research institutes">Fisheries and aquaculture research institutes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Geothermal_energy_and_aquaculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Geothermal energy and aquaculture">Geothermal energy and aquaculture</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Inland_saline_aquaculture" title="Inland saline aquaculture">Inland saline</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_multi-trophic_aquaculture" title="Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture">Integrated multi-trophic</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mariculture" title="Mariculture">Mariculture</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Antimicrobials_in_aquaculture" title="Antimicrobials in aquaculture">Antimicrobials</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Offshore_aquaculture" title="Offshore aquaculture">Offshore</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Organic_aquaculture" title="Organic aquaculture">Organic</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Raceway_(aquaculture)" title="Raceway (aquaculture)">Raceway</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Recirculating_aquaculture_system" title="Recirculating aquaculture system">Recirculating</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.2em"><a href="/wiki/Fish_farming" title="Fish farming">Fish farming</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broodstock" title="Broodstock">Broodstock</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_catfish" title="Aquaculture of catfish">Catfish</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_cobia" title="Aquaculture of cobia">Cobia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fish_diseases_and_parasites" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish diseases and parasites">Fish diseases and parasites</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fish_farming" title="Fish farming">Fish farming</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_fish_feed" title="Commercial fish feed">Fish feed</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fish_hatchery" title="Fish hatchery">Fish hatchery</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fish_stocking" title="Fish stocking">Fish stocking</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Spawning_bed" title="Spawning bed">Spawning bed</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_salmon" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquaculture of salmon">Salmon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_tilapia" title="Aquaculture of tilapia">Tilapia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tailwater" title="Tailwater">Tailwater</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/National_Fish_Hatchery_System" title="National Fish Hatchery System">US hatcheries</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.2em"><a href="/wiki/Algaculture" title="Algaculture">Algaculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_giant_kelp" title="Aquaculture of giant kelp">Giant kelp</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_microalgae_in_hatcheries" title="Culture of microalgae in hatcheries">Microalgae</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microalgal_bacterial_flocs" title="Microalgal bacterial flocs">Microalgal bacterial flocs</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Photobioreactor" title="Photobioreactor">Photobioreactor</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Raceway_pond" title="Raceway pond">Raceway pond</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Seaweed_farming" title="Seaweed farming">Seaweed</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.2em">Other species</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_brine_shrimp" title="Aquaculture of brine shrimp">Brine shrimp</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Coral_aquaculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Coral aquaculture">Coral</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Freshwater_prawn_farming" title="Freshwater prawn farming">Freshwater prawns</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Geoduck_aquaculture" title="Geoduck aquaculture">Geoduck</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hirudiculture" title="Hirudiculture">Hirudiculture</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Marine_shrimp_farming" title="Marine shrimp farming">Marine shrimp</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Octopus_aquaculture" title="Octopus aquaculture">Octopus</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_farming" title="Oyster farming">Oysters</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Scallop_aquaculture" title="Scallop aquaculture">Scallops</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_sea_cucumbers" title="Aquaculture of sea cucumbers">Sea cucumber</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sea_sponge_aquaculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea sponge aquaculture">Sea sponges</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Turtle_farming" title="Turtle farming">Turtles</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.2em">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Australia" title="Aquaculture in Australia">Australia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Canada" title="Aquaculture in Canada">Canada</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Chile" title="Aquaculture in Chile">Chile</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_China" title="Aquaculture in China">China</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_East_Timor" title="Aquaculture in East Timor">East Timor</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Aquaculture in the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Fiji" title="Aquaculture in Fiji">Fiji</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Indonesia" title="Aquaculture in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Kiribati" title="Aquaculture in Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Madagascar" title="Aquaculture in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_the_Marshall_Islands" title="Aquaculture in the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Nauru" title="Aquaculture in Nauru">Nauru</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_New_Zealand" title="Aquaculture in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Palau" title="Aquaculture in Palau">Palau</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Aquaculture in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Samoa" title="Aquaculture in Samoa">Samoa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_the_Solomon_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquaculture in the Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_South_Africa" title="Aquaculture in South Africa">South Africa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_South_Korea" title="Aquaculture in South Korea">South Korea</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Tonga" title="Aquaculture in Tonga">Tonga</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Tuvalu" title="Aquaculture in Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Aquaculture in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li>
<li>United States
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Alaska" title="Aquaculture in Alaska">Alaska</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Hawaiian_aquaculture" title="Ancient Hawaiian aquaculture">Hawaii</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Maine" title="Aquaculture in Maine">Maine</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_in_Vanuatu" title="Aquaculture in Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fisheries_and_fishing_topic_areas" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fisheries_and_fishing" title="Template:Fisheries and fishing"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fisheries_and_fishing" title="Template talk:Fisheries and fishing"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Fisheries_and_fishing&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fisheries_and_fishing_topic_areas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fishery" title="Fishery">Fisheries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a> topic areas</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fishery" title="Fishery">Fisheries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">Aquaculture</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_of_fish" title="Diversity of fish">Diversity of fish</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fish_diseases_and_parasites" class="mw-redirect" title="Fish diseases and parasites">Fish diseases and parasites</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fish_farming" title="Fish farming">Fish farming</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_management" title="Fisheries management">Fisheries management</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fisheries_science" title="Fisheries science">Fisheries science</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Individual_fishing_quota" title="Individual fishing quota">Individual fishing quota</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Illegal,_unreported_and_unregulated_fishing" title="Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing">Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_fishery" title="Sustainable fishery">Sustainable fishery</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Overfishing" title="Overfishing">Overfishing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wild_fisheries" title="Wild fisheries">Wild fisheries</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Trawer_Hauling_Nets.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Trawer Hauling Nets.jpg" src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Trawer_Hauling_Nets.jpg/140px-Trawer_Hauling_Nets.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="95" srcset="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Trawer_Hauling_Nets.jpg/210px-Trawer_Hauling_Nets.jpg 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Trawer_Hauling_Nets.jpg/280px-Trawer_Hauling_Nets.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1736" data-file-height="1172" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">Fishing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artisanal_fishing" title="Artisanal fishing">Artisanal fishing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fisherman" title="Fisherman">Fisherman</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_vessel" title="Fishing vessel">Fishing vessel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_fishing" title="History of fishing">History of fishing</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_harvested_aquatic_animals_by_weight" class="mw-redirect" title="List of harvested aquatic animals by weight">List of harvested aquatic animals by weight</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_by_country" title="Fishing industry by country">By country</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_fishing" title="Commercial fishing">Commercial fishing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fish_marketing" title="Fish marketing">Marketing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fish_market" title="Fish market">Markets</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fish_processing" title="Fish processing">Processing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fish_products" title="Fish products">Products</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Seafood" title="Seafood">Seafood</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Recreational_fishing" title="Recreational fishing">Recreation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angling" title="Angling">Angling</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Big-game_fishing" title="Big-game fishing">Big-game fishing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Catch_and_release" title="Catch and release">Catch and release</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_tournament" title="Fishing tournament">Fishing tournaments</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fly_fishing" title="Fly fishing">Fly fishing</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fishing_techniques" title="Fishing techniques">Techniques</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fish_trap" title="Fish trap">Fish trap</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fishfinder" title="Fishfinder">Fishfinder</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_net" title="Fishing net">Fishing net</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gathering_seafood_by_hand" title="Gathering seafood by hand">Gathering seafood by hand</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Handline_fishing" title="Handline fishing">Handline fishing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Spearfishing" title="Spearfishing">Spearfishing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trawling" title="Trawling">Trawling</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trolling_(fishing)" title="Trolling (fishing)">Trolling</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fishing_tackle" title="Fishing tackle">Tackle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_fly" title="Artificial fly">Artificial flies</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_bait" title="Fishing bait">Bait</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bite_indicator" title="Bite indicator">Bite indicators</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fish_hook" title="Fish hook">Hook</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_line" title="Fishing line">Line</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_lure" title="Fishing lure">Lures</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_rod" title="Fishing rod">Rod</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_sinker" title="Fishing sinker">Sinker</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fish_pond" title="Fish pond">Fish ponds</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_bank_(topography)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ocean bank (topography)">Fishing banks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_village" title="Fishing village">Fishing villages</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Marine_habitats" title="Marine habitats">Marine habitats</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_fishery_terms" title="Glossary of fishery terms">Glossary</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_fishing_articles" title="Index of fishing articles">Index</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Outline" width="10" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /> <b><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_fishing" title="Outline of fishing">Outline</a></b></li>
<li><img alt="" src="/media/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="/media/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Fishing" title="Category:Fishing">Category</a></b></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_industries" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Industries" title="Template:Industries"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Industries" title="Template talk:Industries"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Industries&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_industries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major <a href="/wiki/Industry_(economics)" title="Industry (economics)">industries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Natural_sector" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Primary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Primary sector of the economy">Natural sector</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Biotic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arable_farming" class="mw-redirect" title="Arable farming">Arable farming</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cereal#Production" title="Cereal">Cereals</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Legume#Uses" title="Legume">Legumes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_farming" title="Vegetable farming">Vegetables</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fiber_crop" title="Fiber crop">Fiber crops</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_oil" title="Vegetable oil">Oilseeds</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_industry" title="Sugar industry">Sugar</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_industry" title="Tobacco industry">Tobacco</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_crop" title="Permanent crop">Permanent crops</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pome" title="Pome">Apples et al.</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Berry#Commercial_production" title="Berry">Berries</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_production" title="Citrus production">Citrus</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Drupe" title="Drupe">Stone fruits</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_culinary_fruits#Tropical_and_tropical-like_fruit" title="List of culinary fruits">Tropical fruit</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">Viticulture</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cocoa_bean#Cultivation" title="Cocoa bean">Cocoa</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Coffee industry">Coffee</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tea#Production" title="Tea">Tea</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nut_(fruit)#Production" title="Nut (fruit)">Nuts</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">Olives</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Medicinal_plants" title="Medicinal plants">Medicinal plants</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">Spices</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Horticulture_industry" title="Horticulture industry">Horticulture</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Floral_industry" title="Floral industry">Flowers</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Seed_company" title="Seed company">Seeds</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry" title="Animal husbandry">Animal husbandry</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beef_cattle" title="Beef cattle">Beef cattle</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dairy_farming#Market" title="Dairy farming">Dairy farming</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fur_farming" title="Fur farming">Fur farming</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Horse_industry" title="Horse industry">Horses</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">Other livestock</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pig_farming" title="Pig farming">Pig</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wool#Production" title="Wool">Wool</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Poultry_farming" title="Poultry farming">Poultry</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Beekeeping" title="Beekeeping">Beekeeping</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cochineal#Farming" title="Cochineal">Cochineal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lac" title="Lac">Lac</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Silk#Production_process" title="Silk">Silk</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">Hunting</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trapping" title="Trapping">Fur trapping</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Forestry" title="Forestry">Forestry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silviculture" title="Silviculture">Silviculture</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_cultivation" title="Bamboo cultivation">Bamboo</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Logging" title="Logging">Logging</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firewood" title="Firewood">Firewood</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rattan#Economic_and_environmental_issues" title="Rattan">Rattan</a></li>
<li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tree_tapping&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tree tapping (page does not exist)">Tree tapping</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frankincense#Production" title="Frankincense">Frankincense</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gum_arabic#Production" title="Gum arabic">Gum arabic</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gutta-percha#Uses" title="Gutta-percha">Gutta-percha</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Maple_syrup#Production" title="Maple syrup">Maple syrup</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mastic_(plant_resin)#Cultivation" title="Mastic (plant resin)">Mastic</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Natural_rubber#Production" title="Natural rubber">Natural rubber</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Palm_sugar" title="Palm sugar">Palm sugar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palm_syrup" title="Palm syrup">syrup</a>, & <a href="/wiki/Palm_wine" title="Palm wine">wine</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Naval_stores_industry" title="Naval stores industry">Pine resin</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mushroom_hunting" title="Mushroom hunting">Wild mushrooms</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fungiculture" title="Fungiculture">Fungiculture</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Truffle" title="Truffle">Truffles</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aquatic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fishing</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchovy#Fisheries" title="Anchovy">Anchovies</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Herring#Fisheries" title="Herring">Herring</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sardine#Fisheries" title="Sardine">Sardines</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cod_fisheries" title="Cod fisheries">Cod</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Haddock#Fisheries" title="Haddock">Haddock</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_pollock#Fisheries" title="Alaska pollock">Pollock</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mackerel#Fisheries" title="Mackerel">Mackerel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shark#Fishery" title="Shark">Shark</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Swordfish#Fisheries" title="Swordfish">Swordfish</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tuna#Fishing_industry" title="Tuna">Tuna</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Crab_fisheries" title="Crab fisheries">Crabs</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lobster_fishing" title="Lobster fishing">Lobsters</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sea_urchin#As_food" title="Sea urchin">Sea urchins</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Squid#Commercial_fishing" title="Squid">Squid</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Whaling" title="Whaling">Whaling</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">Aquaculture</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carp#Aquaculture" title="Carp">Carp</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_catfish" title="Aquaculture of catfish">Catfish</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_tilapia" title="Aquaculture of tilapia">Tilapia</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Abalone#Farming" title="Abalone">Abalone</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mussel#Aquaculture" title="Mussel">Mussels</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_farming" title="Oyster farming">Oysters</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cultured_pearl" title="Cultured pearl">Pearls</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_microalgae_in_hatcheries" title="Culture of microalgae in hatcheries">Microalgae</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Seaweed_farming" title="Seaweed farming">Seaweed</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Both
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clam_digging" title="Clam digging">Clams</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sea_cucumber_as_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea cucumber as food">Sea cucumbers</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Scallop#Seafood_industry" title="Scallop">Scallops</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Salmon" title="Salmon">Salmon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shrimp#Human_uses" title="Shrimp">Shrimp</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossil fuel industry">Fossil fuels</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coal_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal industry">Coal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Peat" title="Peat">Peat</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">Natural gas</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oil_shale_industry" title="Oil shale industry">Oil shale</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry" title="Petroleum industry">Petroleum</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Oil_sands" title="Oil sands">Tar sands</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mining" title="Mining">Mining</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ore" title="Ore">ores</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium#Production_and_refinement" title="Aluminium">Aluminum</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Copper#Production" title="Copper">Copper</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Iron_ore#Production_and_consumption" title="Iron ore">Iron</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gold_mining" title="Gold mining">Gold</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Silver_mining" title="Silver mining">Silver</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Palladium</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Platinum#Production" title="Platinum">Platinum</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lithium#Production" title="Lithium">Lithium</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rare-earth_element#Global_rare-earth_production" title="Rare-earth element">Rare-earth metals</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Uranium_mining" title="Uranium mining">Uranium</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Other <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">minerals</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gemstone" title="Gemstone">Gemstones</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus#Production" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Potash#Production" title="Potash">Potash</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Salt#Production" title="Salt">Salt</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sulfur#Production" title="Sulfur">Sulfur</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Quarry" title="Quarry">Quarrying</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gravel_pit" title="Gravel pit">Gravel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sand_mining" title="Sand mining">Sand</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chalk_mining" title="Chalk mining">Chalk</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Clay_pit" title="Clay pit">Clay</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gypsum#Mining" title="Gypsum">Gypsum</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Limestone#Uses" title="Limestone">Limestone</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dimension_stone#Production" title="Dimension stone">Dimension stone</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Granite#Industry" title="Granite">Granite</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Marble#Production" title="Marble">Marble</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Industrial_sector" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Secondary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Secondary sector of the economy">Industrial sector</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">Manufacturing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Light_industry" title="Light industry">Light industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_industry" title="Food industry">Food</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feed_manufacturing" title="Feed manufacturing">Animal feed</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Baking#Commercial_baking" title="Baking">Baking</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Canning" title="Canning">Canning</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dairy_product" title="Dairy product">Dairy products</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Flour" title="Flour">Flour</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Meat_industry" title="Meat industry">Meat</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Convenience_food" title="Convenience food">Prepared</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Food_preservation" title="Food preservation">Preserved</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Candy_making" title="Candy making">Sweets</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_oil#Production" title="Vegetable oil">Vegetable oils</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Drink_industry" title="Drink industry">Beverages</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brewing_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Brewing industry">Beer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bottled_water" title="Bottled water">Bottled water</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Liquor" title="Liquor">Liquor</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Soft_drink" title="Soft drink">Soft drinks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Winemaking" title="Winemaking">Wine</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Textile_industry" title="Textile industry">Textiles</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carding" title="Carding">Carding</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dyeing" title="Dyeing">Dyeing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Textile_printing" title="Textile printing">Prints</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Spinning_(textiles)" title="Spinning (textiles)">Spinning</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">Weaving</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Carpet" title="Carpet">Carpets</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lace" title="Lace">Lace</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Linens" title="Linens">Linens</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rope" title="Rope">Rope</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Clothing_industry" title="Clothing industry">Clothing</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_accessory" title="Fashion accessory">Accessories</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dressmaker" title="Dressmaker">Dressmaking</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fur_clothing" title="Fur clothing">Furs</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hatmaking" title="Hatmaking">Hatmaking</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sewing" title="Sewing">Sewing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shoemaking" title="Shoemaking">Shoemaking</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tailor" title="Tailor">Tailoring</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Printing" title="Printing">Printing</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bookbinding" title="Bookbinding">Bookbinding</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Paper_embossing" title="Paper embossing">Embossing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Engraving" title="Engraving">Engraving</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Security_printing" title="Security printing">Secure</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Typesetting" title="Typesetting">Typesetting</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Media reproduction
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassette_tape" title="Cassette tape">Cassette tapes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Production_of_phonograph_records" title="Production of phonograph records">Phonographs</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Compact_Disc_manufacturing" title="Compact Disc manufacturing">Optical discs</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Metal_fabrication" title="Metal fabrication">Metal fabrication</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boilermaking" class="mw-redirect" title="Boilermaking">Boilermaking</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Builders_hardware" title="Builders hardware">Builders'</a> & <a href="/wiki/Household_hardware" title="Household hardware">household hardware</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cutlery" title="Cutlery">Cutlery</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gunsmith" title="Gunsmith">Gunsmithing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Locksmithing" title="Locksmithing">Locksmithing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Machine_shop" title="Machine shop">Machining</a></li>
<li>Other <a href="/wiki/Metalsmith" title="Metalsmith">smithing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Powder_metallurgy" title="Powder metallurgy">Powder metallurgy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Prefabrication" title="Prefabrication">Prefabrication</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Surface_finishing" title="Surface finishing">Surface finishing</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Other fabrication
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_printing" title="3D printing">3D printing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Blow_molding" title="Blow molding">Blow molding</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Drawing_(manufacturing)" title="Drawing (manufacturing)">Drawing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Extrusion" title="Extrusion">Extrusion</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Glassblowing" title="Glassblowing">Glassblowing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Injection_moulding" title="Injection moulding">Injection moulding</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">Pottery</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sintering" title="Sintering">Sintering</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Stonemasonry" title="Stonemasonry">Stonemasonry</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Woodworking" title="Woodworking">Woodworking</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Furniture" title="Furniture">Furniture</a></li>
<li>Other goods
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baggage" title="Baggage">Baggage</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_industry" title="Bicycle industry">Bicycles</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jewellery" title="Jewellery">Jewellery</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Medical_device" title="Medical device">Medical supplies</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">Musical instruments</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Office_supplies" title="Office supplies">Office supplies</a></li>
<li>Outdoors & <a href="/wiki/Sports_equipment" title="Sports equipment">sports equipment</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Personal_protective_equipment" title="Personal protective equipment">Personal protective equipment</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Toy#Economics" title="Toy">Toys</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Electrical <br /> & optical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronics_industry" title="Electronics industry">Electronics</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_component" title="Electronic component">Components</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Printed_circuit_board#Manufacturing" title="Printed circuit board">Circuit boards</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_industry" title="Semiconductor industry">Semiconductors</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Computer_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer industry">Computers</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_computer_system_manufacturers" title="List of computer system manufacturers">Computer systems</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_computer_hardware_manufacturers" title="List of computer hardware manufacturers">Parts & peripherals</a></li>
<li>Blank <a href="/wiki/Computer_data_storage#Storage_media" title="Computer data storage">storage media</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_equipment" title="Telecommunications equipment">Communications equipment</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone#Sales" title="Mobile phone">Mobile phones</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Network_equipment_provider" title="Network equipment provider">Network infrastructure</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_electronics#Products" title="Consumer electronics">Consumer electronics</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_set#Major_manufacturers" title="Television set">Televisions</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_console#Market" title="Video game console">Video game consoles</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Instrumentation" title="Instrumentation">Instrumentation</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clockmaker" title="Clockmaker">Clocks</a> & <a href="/wiki/Watchmaker" title="Watchmaker">watches</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_navigation_device#Consumer_applications" title="Satellite navigation device">GPS devices</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_instrument#List_of_scientific_instruments_manufacturers" title="Scientific instrument">Scientific instruments</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Medical_imaging#Industry" title="Medical imaging">Medical imaging systems</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Optical_instrument" title="Optical instrument">Optical instruments</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camera" title="Camera">Cameras</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Telescopic_sight" title="Telescopic sight">Gun</a> & <a href="/wiki/Spotting_scope" title="Spotting scope">spotting scopes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Laser_construction" title="Laser construction">Laser construction</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Optical_manufacturing_and_testing" title="Optical manufacturing and testing">Lens grinding</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Microscope" title="Microscope">Microscopes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Telescope" title="Telescope">Telescopes</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_device" title="Electrical device">Electrical equipment</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_battery" title="Electric battery">Batteries</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_cable" title="Electrical cable">Electrical</a> & <a href="/wiki/Optical_fiber" title="Optical fiber">fiber optic</a> cables</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Electric_light" title="Electric light">Electric lighting</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Electric_motor" title="Electric motor">Electric motors</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Home_appliance" title="Home appliance">Home appliances</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Transformer" title="Transformer">Transformers</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_industry" title="Chemical industry">Chemicals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>Coal & <a href="/wiki/Oil_refinery" title="Oil refinery">oil refining</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bitumen" title="Bitumen">Bitumen</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Coke_(fuel)" title="Coke (fuel)">Coke</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Diesel_fuel" title="Diesel fuel">Diesel fuel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_oil" title="Fuel oil">Fuel oil</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Gasoline" title="Gasoline">Gasoline</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jet_fuel" title="Jet fuel">Jet fuel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kerosene" title="Kerosene">Kerosene</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_oil" title="Mineral oil">Mineral oil</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Paraffin_wax" title="Paraffin wax">Paraffin wax</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Petrochemical" title="Petrochemical">Petrochemicals</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_jelly" title="Petroleum jelly">Petroleum jelly</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Propane" title="Propane">Propane</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_oil" title="Synthetic oil">Synthetic oil</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tar" title="Tar">Tar</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Commodity_chemicals" title="Commodity chemicals">Commodity chemicals</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fertilizer#Production" title="Fertilizer">Fertilizers</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_gas" title="Industrial gas">Industrial gases</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pigment" title="Pigment">Pigments</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pure_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Pure element">Pure elements</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Speciality_chemicals" title="Speciality chemicals">Speciality chemicals</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adhesive" title="Adhesive">Adhesives</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Agrochemical" title="Agrochemical">Agrochemicals</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aroma_compound" title="Aroma compound">Aroma compounds</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cleaning_agent" title="Cleaning agent">Cleaning products</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cosmetics" title="Cosmetics">Cosmetics</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Explosive" title="Explosive">Explosives</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fireworks" title="Fireworks">Fireworks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Paint" title="Paint">Paints</a> & <a href="/wiki/Ink" title="Ink">inks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Perfume" title="Perfume">Perfumes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Soap" title="Soap">Soap</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Toiletries" class="mw-redirect" title="Toiletries">Toiletries</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fine_chemical" title="Fine chemical">Fine chemicals</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry" title="Pharmaceutical industry">Pharmaceuticals</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Production_of_antibiotics" title="Production of antibiotics">Antibiotics</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Blood_product" title="Blood product">Blood products</a></li>
<li>Chemical & hormonal <a href="/wiki/Birth_control" title="Birth control">contraceptives</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Generic_drug" title="Generic drug">Generic drugs</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade" title="Illegal drug trade">Illegal drugs</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dietary_supplement" title="Dietary supplement">Supplements</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine" title="Vaccine">Vaccines</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Materials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leather" title="Leather">Leather</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liming_(leather_processing)" title="Liming (leather processing)">Liming</a> & <a href="/wiki/Deliming" title="Deliming">deliming</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tanning_(leather)" title="Tanning (leather)">Tanning</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Currier" title="Currier">Currying</a> & <a href="/wiki/Oiling_(leather_processing)" title="Oiling (leather processing)">oiling</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wood_industry" title="Wood industry">Wood</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wood_drying" title="Wood drying">Drying</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sawmill" title="Sawmill">Sawmilling</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Engineered_wood" title="Engineered wood">Engineered</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lumber" title="Lumber">Lumber</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wood-plastic_composite" title="Wood-plastic composite">Composite</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry" title="Pulp and paper industry">Paper</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sizing#Papermaking" title="Sizing">Sizing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cardboard" title="Cardboard">Cardboard</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_(paper)" title="Pulp (paper)">Pulp</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tissue_paper" title="Tissue paper">Tissue</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_rubber" title="Synthetic rubber">Rubber</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tire_manufacturing" title="Tire manufacturing">Tires</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vulcanization" title="Vulcanization">Vulcanized rubber</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Plastics_industry" title="Plastics industry">Plastics</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commodity_plastics" title="Commodity plastics">Commodity</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Engineering_plastic" title="Engineering plastic">Engineered</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/High-performance_plastics" title="High-performance plastics">Specialty</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pelletizing" title="Pelletizing">Pellets</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_fiber" title="Synthetic fiber">Synthetic fibers</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Thermoplastic" title="Thermoplastic">Thermoplastics</a> & <a href="/wiki/Thermosetting_polymer" title="Thermosetting polymer">thermosets</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Glass_production" title="Glass production">Glass</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borosilicate_glass" title="Borosilicate glass">Borosilicate</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fused_quartz" title="Fused quartz">Fused quartz</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Soda%E2%80%93lime_glass" title="Soda–lime glass">Soda-lime</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Float_glass" title="Float glass">Float glass</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Glass_fiber" title="Glass fiber">Glass fiber</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Glass_wool" title="Glass wool">Glass wool</a> & <a href="/wiki/Fiberglass" title="Fiberglass">fiberglass</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Safety_glass" title="Safety glass">Safety glass</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ceramic" title="Ceramic">Ceramics</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brickworks" title="Brickworks">Brick</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Earthenware" title="Earthenware">Earthenware</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Porcelain#Other_uses" title="Porcelain">Porcelain</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Refractory" title="Refractory">Refractory</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tile" title="Tile">Tile</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cement_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Cement industry">Cement</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mortar_(masonry)" title="Mortar (masonry)">Mortar</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Plaster" title="Plaster">Plaster</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ready-mix_concrete" title="Ready-mix concrete">Ready-mix concrete</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Other mineral
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abrasive" title="Abrasive">Abrasives</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_fibers" title="Carbon fibers">Carbon fibers</a> & <a href="/wiki/Allotropes_of_carbon" title="Allotropes of carbon">advanced materials</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_wool" title="Mineral wool">Mineral wool</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_gem" class="mw-redirect" title="Synthetic gem">Synthetic gems</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Extractive_metallurgy" title="Extractive metallurgy">Metal refining</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ironworks" title="Ironworks">Iron</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Aluminium_smelting" title="Aluminium smelting">Aluminum</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Copper_extraction" title="Copper extraction">Copper</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Alloy" title="Alloy">Alloys</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steel_mill" title="Steel mill">Steel</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Forming_(metalworking)" title="Forming (metalworking)">Formed metal</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_(metalworking)" title="Rolling (metalworking)">Rolled</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Forging" title="Forging">Forged</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Foundry" title="Foundry">Cast metal</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heavy_industry" title="Heavy industry">Heavy industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Machine_industry" title="Machine industry">Machinery</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conveyor_system" title="Conveyor system">Conveyors</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_equipment" title="Heavy equipment">Heavy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_machinery" title="Hydraulic machinery">Hydraulic</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Machine_tool_builder" title="Machine tool builder">Machine tools</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Turbo_generator" title="Turbo generator">Power</a> & <a href="/wiki/Wind_turbine" title="Wind turbine">wind turbines</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">Automobiles</a></li>
<li>Other heavy <a href="/wiki/Vehicle" title="Vehicle">vehicles</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerospace industry">Aerospace</a> & <a href="/wiki/Space_industry" title="Space industry">space</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_stock" title="Rolling stock">Rail vehicles</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Shipbuilding" title="Shipbuilding">Ships</a> & <a href="/wiki/Oil_platform" title="Oil platform">offshore platforms</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Arms_industry" title="Arms industry">Weapons</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_utility" title="Public utility">Utilities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>Power
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_power_industry" title="Electric power industry">Electric</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Natural_gas#Domestic_use" title="Natural gas">Gas distribution</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_commercialization" title="Renewable energy commercialization">Renewable</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Water_industry" title="Water industry">Water</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sewage_treatment" title="Sewage treatment">Sewage</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_industry" title="Waste management industry">Waste management</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waste_collection" title="Waste collection">Collection</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Landfill" title="Landfill">Dumping</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hazardous_waste" title="Hazardous waste">Hazardous</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Recycling" title="Recycling">Recycling</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_remediation" title="Environmental remediation">Remediation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_industry" title="Telecommunications industry">Telecom networks</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">Cable TV</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Internet_service_provider" title="Internet service provider">Internet</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone_operator" title="Mobile phone operator">Mobile</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">Satellite</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_company" title="Telephone company">Telephone</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Construction" title="Construction">Construction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Building" title="Building">Buildings</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_property" title="Commercial property">Commercial</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_architecture" title="Industrial architecture">Industrial</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Home_construction" title="Home construction">Residential</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Civil_engineering" title="Civil engineering">Civil engineering</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_building" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridge building">Bridges</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Railway_track" title="Railway track">Railways</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Roadbuilding" class="mw-redirect" title="Roadbuilding">Roads</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tunnel#Construction" title="Tunnel">Tunnels</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Canal#Construction" title="Canal">Canals</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dam" title="Dam">Dams</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dredging#Major_dredging_companies" title="Dredging">Dredging</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Harbor" title="Harbor">Harbors</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Specialty trades
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinetry" title="Cabinetry">Cabinetry</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Demolition" title="Demolition">Demolition</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_wiring" title="Electrical wiring">Electrical wiring</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Elevator_mechanic" title="Elevator mechanic">Elevators</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Heating,_ventilation,_and_air_conditioning#HVAC_industry_and_standards" title="Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning">HVAC</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/House_painter_and_decorator" title="House painter and decorator">Painting and decorating</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Plumbing" title="Plumbing">Plumbing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Earthworks_(engineering)" title="Earthworks (engineering)">Site preparation</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Service_sector" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">Service sector</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sales" title="Sales">Sales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Retail" title="Retail">Retail</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Car_dealership" title="Car dealership">Car dealership</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fast-moving_consumer_goods" title="Fast-moving consumer goods">Consumer goods</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/General_store" title="General store">General store</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Grocery_store" title="Grocery store">Grocery store</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Department_store" title="Department store">Department store</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mail_order" title="Mail order">Mail order</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Online_shopping" title="Online shopping">Online shopping</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Specialty_store" title="Specialty store">Specialty store</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wholesaling" title="Wholesaling">Wholesale</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auction" title="Auction">Auction</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Broker" title="Broker">Brokerage</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Distribution_(marketing)" title="Distribution (marketing)">Distribution</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transport" title="Transport">Transport</a> <br /> & Storage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cargo" title="Cargo">Cargo</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_cargo" title="Air cargo">Air cargo</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Intermodal_freight_transport" title="Intermodal freight transport">Intermodal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mail" title="Mail">Mail</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Moving_company" title="Moving company">Moving company</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rail_freight_transport" title="Rail freight transport">Rail</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trucking" class="mw-redirect" title="Trucking">Trucking</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Passenger_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Passenger transport">Passenger transport</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airline" title="Airline">Airlines</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Car_rental" title="Car rental">Car rentals</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Passenger_rail" class="mw-redirect" title="Passenger rail">Passenger rail</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ridesharing_company" title="Ridesharing company">Ridesharing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Taxi" title="Taxi">Taxis</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Warehouse" title="Warehouse">Warehousing</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Self_storage" title="Self storage">Self storage</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hospitality_industry" title="Hospitality industry">Hospitality</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foodservice" title="Foodservice">Foodservice</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_establishment" title="Drinking establishment">Drink service</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Coffeehouse" title="Coffeehouse">Cafés</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Catering" title="Catering">Catering</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food">Fast food</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Food_delivery" title="Food delivery">Food delivery</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Restaurant" title="Restaurant">Restaurants</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Teahouse" title="Teahouse">Teahouses</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hotel" title="Hotel">Hotels</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asset_management" title="Asset management">Asset management</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Financial_services" title="Financial services">Financial services</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank" title="Bank">Banking</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Credit" title="Credit">Credit</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Financial_adviser" title="Financial adviser">Financial advice</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Holding_company" title="Holding company">Holding company</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_funds_transfer" title="Electronic funds transfer">Money transfer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Payment_card_industry" title="Payment card industry">Payment cards</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Risk_management" title="Risk management">Risk management</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Security_(finance)" title="Security (finance)">Securities</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Insurance" title="Insurance">Insurance</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Health_insurance" title="Health insurance">Health</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Life_insurance" title="Life insurance">Life</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pension_fund" title="Pension fund">Pension funding</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Property_insurance" title="Property insurance">Property</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Reinsurance" title="Reinsurance">Reinsurance</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_economics" title="Real estate economics">Real estate</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Real_estate_agent" title="Real estate agent">Brokerage</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Property_management" title="Property management">Property management</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Professional_services" title="Professional services">Professional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accounting_network" title="Accounting network">Accounting</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assurance_services" title="Assurance services">Assurance</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Audit" title="Audit">Audit</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bookkeeping" title="Bookkeeping">Bookkeeping</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tax_advisor" title="Tax advisor">Tax advice</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_firm" title="Architectural firm">Architecture</a> & <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inspection" title="Inspection">Inspection</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Surveying" title="Surveying">Surveying</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Physical_test" title="Physical test">Physical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Product_testing" title="Product testing">product</a>, & <a href="/wiki/System_testing" title="System testing">system testing</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Design" title="Design">Design</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_design" title="Fashion design">Fashion</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Interior_design" title="Interior design">Interior</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_design" title="Industrial design">Product</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Practice_of_law" title="Practice of law">Legal services</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Management" title="Management">Management</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consulting_firm" title="Consulting firm">Consulting</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Public_relations" title="Public relations">Public relations</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Marketing" title="Marketing">Marketing</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advertising_industry" title="Advertising industry">Advertising</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_industry" title="Healthcare industry">Healthcare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>Medicine
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dentist_office" class="mw-redirect" title="Dentist office">Dentist offices</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">Hospitals</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nursing" title="Nursing">Nursing</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Residential_care" title="Residential care">Residential care</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Veterinary_medicine" title="Veterinary medicine">Veterinary medicine</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Entertainment#Industry" title="Entertainment">Entertainment</a><br /> & <a href="/wiki/Leisure_industry" title="Leisure industry">leisure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casino" title="Casino">Gambling</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Online_gambling" title="Online gambling">Online</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sport_industry" title="Sport industry">Sport</a></li>
<li>Venues
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amusement_arcade" title="Amusement arcade">Arcades</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Amusement_park" title="Amusement park">Amusement parks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fair" title="Fair">Fairgrounds</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nightclub" title="Nightclub">Nightclubs</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>Administrative
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Customer_service" title="Customer service">Customer service</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lease" title="Lease">Leasing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Renting" title="Renting">Renting</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Employment_agency" title="Employment agency">Staffing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Private_investigator" title="Private investigator">Private investigation</a> & <a href="/wiki/Security_company" title="Security company">security</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Maintenance
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Janitor" title="Janitor">Janitors</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_maintenance" title="Landscape maintenance">Landscaping</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Maintenance_(technical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maintenance (technical)">Repairs</a></li>
<li>Personal services
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beauty_salon" title="Beauty salon">Beauty</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dry_cleaning" title="Dry cleaning">Dry cleaning</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Funeral_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Funeral industry">Funeral</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Maid_service" title="Maid service">Maid service</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pet_industry" title="Pet industry">Pet care</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sex_industry" title="Sex industry">Sex</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_industry" title="Poverty industry">Poverty</a></li>
<li>Travel
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_travel" title="Business travel">Business travel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cruise_line" title="Cruise line">Cruise lines</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">Tourism</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Information_sector" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Quaternary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Quaternary sector of the economy">Information sector</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Publishing" title="Publishing">Publishing</a> <br /> & <a href="/wiki/Mass_media" title="Mass media">Mass media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>Written
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">Books</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Periodical_literature" title="Periodical literature">Periodicals</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Software_industry" title="Software industry">Software</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Audio-visual
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Film_industry" title="Film industry">Film</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Music_industry" title="Music industry">Music</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_industry" title="Video game industry">Video games</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Broadcasting" title="Broadcasting">Broadcasting</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/News_agency" title="News agency">News</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Radio_industry" title="Radio industry">Radio</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Television#Content" title="Television">Television</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Web_hosting_service" title="Web hosting service">Hosting</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Social_networking_service" title="Social networking service">Social networks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">Streaming</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Website" title="Website">Websites</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primary_education" title="Primary education">Primary</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_education" title="Secondary education">Secondary</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tertiary_education" title="Tertiary education">Tertiary</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vocational_school" title="Vocational school">Vocational school</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/University" title="University">University</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Standardized_test" title="Standardized test">Testing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tutoring" title="Tutoring">Tutoring</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creative_industries" title="Creative industries">Creative</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Language_industry" title="Language industry">Language</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development">Research and development</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basic_research" title="Basic research">Basic research</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Industry_classification" title="Industry classification">Classification <br /> standards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>Production-based
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_and_New_Zealand_Standard_Industrial_Classification" title="Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification">ANZSIC</a></li>
<li><i><b><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Industrial_Classification" title="International Standard Industrial Classification">ISIC</a></b></i></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_Classification_of_Economic_Activities_in_the_European_Community" title="Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community">NACE</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Industry_Classification_System" title="North American Industry Classification System">NAICS</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Industrial_Classification" title="Standard Industrial Classification">SIC</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Standard_Industrial_Classification_of_Economic_Activities" title="United Kingdom Standard Industrial Classification of Economic Activities">UKSIC</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Market-based
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_Industry_Classification_Standard" title="Global Industry Classification Standard">GICS</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Industry_Classification_Benchmark" title="Industry Classification Benchmark">ICB</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Refinitiv_Business_Classification" title="The Refinitiv Business Classification">TRBC</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Factors_of_production" title="Factors of production">Inputs</a> <br /> & <a href="/wiki/Output_(economics)" title="Output (economics)">outputs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Externality" title="Externality">Externalities</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Community" title="Community">Community</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Crime" title="Crime">Crime</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">Culture</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution">Pollution</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Well-being" title="Well-being">Well-being</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Funding" title="Funding">Funding</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Goods" title="Goods">Goods</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commodity" title="Commodity">Commodities</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Final_good" title="Final good">Final</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_good" title="Intermediate good">Intermediate</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Raw_material" title="Raw material">Raw material</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Innovation" title="Innovation">Innovation</a></li>
<li>Primary inputs
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Work_(human_activity)" title="Work (human activity)">Labor</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Natural_resource" title="Natural resource">Natural resources</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Physical_capital" title="Physical capital">Physical capital</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Service_(economics)" title="Service (economics)">Services</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">Technology</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Organization" title="Organization">Organization</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centralization" class="mw-redirect" title="Centralization">Centralization</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cartel" title="Cartel">Cartel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Conglomerate_(company)" title="Conglomerate (company)">Conglomerate</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Horizontal_integration" title="Horizontal integration">Horizontal integration</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mergers_and_acquisitions" title="Mergers and acquisitions">Mergers and acquisitions</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Monopoly" title="Monopoly">Monopoly</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Monopsony" title="Monopsony">Monopsony</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_integration" title="Vertical integration">Vertical integration</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Competition_law" title="Competition law">Enforced breakup</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Freelancer" title="Freelancer">Freelancing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Homesteading" title="Homesteading">Homesteading</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Outsourcing" title="Outsourcing">Outsourcing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Putting-out_system" title="Putting-out system">Putting-out system</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_spin-off" title="Corporate spin-off">Spinning-off</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Temporary_work" title="Temporary work">Temporary work</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ownership" title="Ownership">Ownership</a>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">Cooperative</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Joint-stock_company" title="Joint-stock company">Joint-stock company</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nationalization" title="Nationalization">Nationalization</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nonprofit_organization" title="Nonprofit organization">Nonprofit organization</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Partnership" title="Partnership">Partnership</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">Privatization</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sole_proprietorship" title="Sole proprietorship">Sole proprietorship</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprise" title="State-owned enterprise">State-owned enterprise</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist">
<ul><li><img alt="" src="/media/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="/media/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Industry_(economics)" title="Category:Industry (economics)"><b>Category</b></a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="/media/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Commons page" width="12" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="/media/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Industries" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Industries"><b>Commons</b></a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Outline" width="10" height="16" class="noviewer" srcset="/media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_industry" title="Outline of industry"><b>Outline</b></a></li></ul>
</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"/><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"/></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</a>: National <a href="/wiki/Q635139#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="/media/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" style="vertical-align: text-top" class="noprint" srcset="/media/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, /media/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4017345-8">Germany</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85048666">United States</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00571599">Japan</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>' |
