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'{{short description|1954 film}} {{Use mdy dates|date=March 2012}} {{Infobox film | name = 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea | image = 20000leaguesposter.jpg | caption = Theatrical release poster | director = [[Richard Fleischer]] | producer = [[Walt Disney]] | screenplay = [[Earl Felton]] | based_on = {{based on|''[[Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas]]''|[[Jules Verne]]}} | starring = {{plainlist| * [[Kirk Douglas]] * [[James Mason]] * [[Paul Lukas]] * [[Peter Lorre]] }} | music = [[Paul Smith (composer)|Paul Smith]] | cinematography = [[Franz Planer]] | editing = [[Elmo Williams]] | studio = [[Walt Disney Pictures|Walt Disney Productions]] | distributor = [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures|Buena Vista Distribution]] | released = {{Film date|1954|12|23}} | runtime = 127 minutes | country = United States | language = English | budget = $5 million<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.archive.org/stream/variety201-1956-01#page/n522/mode/1up|title=Disney's Fiscalities|date=January 11, 1956|page=5|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|access-date=August 25, 2019|via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> | gross = $28.2 million<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1954/020LE.php|title=Box Office Information for '20,000 Leagues Under the Sea'|website=The Numbers|date=April 15, 2013}}</ref> }} '''''20,000 Leagues Under the Sea''''' is a 1954 American [[Science fiction film|science fiction]] [[adventure film]] directed by [[Richard Fleischer]], from a screenplay by [[Earl Felton]]. Adapted from [[Jules Verne]]'s 1870 novel of [[Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas|the same name]], the film was personally produced by [[Walt Disney]] through [[Walt Disney Pictures|Walt Disney Productions]]. It stars [[Kirk Douglas]], [[James Mason]], [[Paul Lukas]], and [[Peter Lorre]]. Photographed in [[Technicolor]], the film was one of the first feature-length motion pictures to be filmed in [[CinemaScope]]. It was also the first feature-length Disney film to be distributed by [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures|Buena Vista Distribution]]. ''20,000 Leagues Under the Sea'' was a critical and commercial success, being especially remembered for the fight with a giant squid, as well as Mason's definitive performance as the charismatic anti-hero [[Captain Nemo]]. The film won two [[Academy Awards]] for its [[Academy Award for Best Production Design|art direction]] and [[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects|special effects]]. It is considered an early precursor of the [[steampunk]] genre.<ref>{{cite web|last=Higham|first=William|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/william-higham/steampunk-what-the-hell-is-it_b_1015192.html|title=What The Hell Is Steampunk?|work=The Huffington Post|date=February 17, 2012|access-date=February 15, 2012}}</ref> ==Plot== In 1868, rumors spread of a [[sea monster]] attacking ships in the [[Pacific Ocean]]. Professor Aronnax and his assistant, Conseil, are asked to investigate and soon board a [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] [[frigate]]. They are joined by cocky master-harpooner Ned Land. After months of patrolling, the monster is spotted. The frigate's guncrew open fire, but the monster turns and rams the warship. Ned, Conseil, and Aronnax are thrown overboard while the disabled frigate drifts away, unable to respond to their cries for help. While clinging to wreckage, Aronnax and Conseil come upon a metal vessel and realize the monster is a man-made "submerging boat" that appears deserted. Below decks, Aronnax finds a large viewport and witnesses an underwater funeral, while Ned Land arrives on an overturned longboat from their ship. Spotted by the divers, Ned, Aronnax, and Conseil attempt to leave in the righted longboat, but they are captured. The vessel's captain introduces himself as [[Captain Nemo]], master of the ''[[Nautilus (fictional submarine)|Nautilus]]''. He returns Ned and Conseil to the deck while offering Aronnax, whose name he recognizes, the chance to stay. After Aronnax proves willing to die with his companions as the ship submerges, Nemo allows Ned and Conseil to remain aboard. Nemo takes ''Nautilus'' to a [[penal colony]] island, where the prisoners are loading a munitions ship. Nemo, once a prisoner there as were many of his crew, later rams the steamer, destroying it and its crew. Nemo tells Aronnax that he has just saved thousands from death in war, and that "this hated nation" tortured his wife and son to death while attempting to force him to reveal his discoveries. In Nemo's cabin, Ned and Conseil discover the map coordinates of Nemo's secret island base, Vulcania, where ''Nautilus'' is now heading. Ned throws messages with Vulcania's coordinates overboard in bottles in the hope of being rescued. Off the coast of [[New Guinea]], ''Nautilus'' becomes stranded on a reef. Nemo allows Ned to go ashore with Conseil, ostensibly to collect specimens, while admonishing them to stay on the beach. Ned instead goes exploring for avenues of escape, and finds human skulls posted on stakes. Ned runs back to Conseil, and they row away pursued by cannibals. Aboard ''Nautilus'', the cannibals are repelled by electrical charges sent through its hull, and Nemo confines Ned for disobeying orders. A warship fires upon ''Nautilus'', which descends into the depths, attracting a [[giant squid]]. After an electric charge fails to repel the creature, Nemo and his men surface during a storm to dislodge it. Nemo is caught by one of its long tentacles, and Ned, having escaped from captivity, fatally harpoons the squid, and saves Nemo when he is pulled into the sea. Having had a change of heart, Nemo wants to make amends with the world. As ''Nautilus'' nears Vulcania, Nemo finds the island surrounded by warships, with marines having disembarked. The ''Nautilus'' enters his base through an underwater passage, and surfaces within its extinct volcano lagoon. Nemo rushes ashore to activate a time bomb in order to destroy any evidence of his discoveries but is shot and mortally wounded as he returns onboard. Navigating the submarine to a safe distance from Vulcania, Nemo announces that he will be "taking the ''Nautilus'' down for the last time". His crew declare that they will accompany their captain in death. Aronnax, Conseil, and Ned are confined to their cabins, while ''Nautilus''<nowiki/>'s crew retreat to their own at Nemo's instructions. Ned escapes and surfaces the submarine, striking a reef in the process, causing ''Nautilus'' to flood. Nemo dies while viewing his beloved undersea domain through the hull's viewport. Aronnax tries retrieving his journal, but the urgency of their escape obliges Ned to knock him unconscious and carry him out. Aboard ''Nautilus''<nowiki/>'s skiff, the three companions witness Vulcania explode. A large, billowing mushroom cloud rises above the island's destruction. Ned apologizes to Aronnax for striking him, but Aronnax concedes that the loss of his journal might have been for the best. As ''Nautilus'' sinks, Nemo's last words to Aronnax echo: "There is hope for the future. And when the world is ready for a new and better life, all this will someday come to pass... in God's good time". ==Cast== [[File:20000leaguescast.jpg|thumb|Dinner aboard the ''Nautilus''. From left to right: [[James Mason]], [[Kirk Douglas]], [[Peter Lorre]], and [[Paul Lukas]].]] * [[Kirk Douglas]] as Ned Land * [[James Mason]] as [[Captain Nemo]] * [[Paul Lukas]] as Professor Pierre Aronnax * [[Peter Lorre]] as Conseil * [[Robert J. Wilke]] as ''Nautilus''{{'s}} First Mate * [[Ted de Corsia]] as Captain Farragut * [[Carleton Young]] as John Howard * [[J. M. Kerrigan]] as Billy * [[Percy Helton]] as Coach driver * Ted Cooper as ''Abraham Lincoln''{{'s}} First Mate * [[Fred Graham (actor)|Fred Graham]] as Casey (uncredited stuntman)<ref>{{cite book|title= Hollywood Stunt Performers, 1910s-1970s: A Biographical Dictionary|edition =2nd|first= Gene Scott|last= Freese |year= 2014| isbn= 9780786476435|page = [https://books.google.com/books?id=10dXAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA111 111]|publisher= McFarland, Incorporated, Publishers}}</ref> * [[Laurie Mitchell]] as Hooker (uncredited debut)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/laurie-mitchell-obit-8476488/|title=Laurie Mitchell, Villainess in 'Queen of Outer Space,' Dies at 90|website=www.billboard.com|date=24 September 2018}}</ref> ==Production== [[Walt Disney]] first expressed interest in an adaptation of ''20,000 Leagues Under the Sea'' after seeing some marine footage and storyboards created by [[Harper Goff]] during the production of the ''[[True-Life Adventures]]'' series. At the time, the film rights were owned by [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] and [[King Brothers Productions]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=20,000 Leagues Under the Sea|url=https://catalog.afi.com/Film/51389-20000-LEAGUESUNDERTHESEA?sid=6d02b02d-d0ae-4e42-bdf6-c4af98dbe8f4&sr=14.847143&cp=1&pos=0|access-date=2022-02-09|website=catalog.afi.com}}</ref> In November 1950, independent producer [[Sid Rogell]] announced he had acquired the film rights to the novel, as well as a film adaptation prepared by [[Robert L. Lippert]]'s production company. He had planned to start shooting within a year at the [[Sunset Las Palmas Studios|General Service Studios]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Brady|first=Thomas F.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1950/11/25/archives/court-dismisses-film-unions-suit-47000000-antitrust-action-against.html|title=Court Dismisses Film Unions' Work|url-access=subscription|newspaper=New York Times|page=11|date=November 25, 1950}}</ref> However, in December 1951, it was reported that [[Walt Disney]] had purchased the film rights from Rogell.<ref>Schallert, Edwin. (December 28, 1951). "[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/381065575/ Neff Picked for 'Snows;' Caron, Angeli To Team; Disney to do Verne Film]." ''Los Angeles Times''. Part I, p. 13 – via [[Newspapers.com]].</ref> Goff's storyboards and art designs formed the film's basis, but he was not credited because he's not a member of the [[International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees]].<ref name=":0" /> ''20,000 Leagues Under the Sea'' was filmed at various locations in [[The Bahamas]] and [[Jamaica]], with the cave scenes filmed beneath what is now the [[Xtabi]] Resort on the cliffs of [[Negril]].<ref name=":0" /> Other scenes were photographed in [[Nassau, Bahamas|Nassau]], [[Lyford Cay]], and [[Death Valley]]. Filming began on January 11, 1954.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="d23">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100906042231/http://d23.disney.go.com/articles/120309_NF_FEAT_20000LeaguesDaveSmithD23.html "In a league of its own."] ''[[The Walt Disney Company]]'', December 3, 2009. Retrieved: January 9, 2015.</ref> According to the two-disc DVD documentary, the scenes in San Francisco at the beginning were filmed at [[Universal Studios Lot|Universal Studios]] while most of the modeling shots were done at [[20th Century Fox]]. Some of the location filming sequences were so complex that they required a technical crew of more than 400 people. The production presented many other challenges, as well. The famous giant squid attack sequence had to be entirely re-shot, as it was originally filmed as taking place at dusk and in a calm sea.<ref>{{YouTube|Pf_acgvdKmE|Sunset Squid Fight– 20,000 Leagues – unused monster sequence}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|Footage of the original, rejected giant squid attack sequence shows details of the filming.|group=Note}} The sequence was filmed again, this time taking place at twilight and during a humongous thunderstorm, both to increase the drama and to better hide the cables and other mechanical workings of the Animatronic squid.<ref>Bourne, Mark. [http://www.dvdjournal.com/reviews/00/20000leagues.shtml "20,000 Leagues Under the Sea: Special Edition DVD."] ''The DVD Journal'', 2003. Retrieved: January 9, 2015.</ref> With a total (and deeply over-run) production cost of $9 million,<ref name="reel">[http://www.the-reel-thing.co/the-reel-thing-xxvii-program-abstracts/ "The Reel Thing XXVII: Program Abstracts"] [[Association of Moving Image Archivists#The Reel Thing Technical Symposium|Reel Thing]], July 8, 2011. Retrieved: April 4, 2018.</ref> ''20,000 Leagues Under the Sea'' was the most expensive and ambitious in Hollywood up to that time. It presented a serious financial risk to the studio should the film flop.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}} ==Differences between novel and film== The film was praised as faithfully adapting the novel. James W. Maertens writes that while this is true, "Close comparison of the novel and film reveals many changes, omissions, even reversals, which affect the story's fundamental concern (besides scientific education), a representation of class and gender, specifically masculinity, in the industrial age". Nemo's submarine, battery-powered in the novel, is powered by [[Nuclear reactor|atomic energy]] in the film. The novel's submarine is also a "streamlined, cigar shaped sub" while the film's is "a more ornate vessel". The film's director and screenwriter extracted "the most memorable scenes from the novel and freely reordered them under the assumption that viewers would not remember the novel's order of events". Goff and Disney based the Nautilus's design in the film on the interior of the [[Forth Bridge]].<ref name=":0" /> In the novel, Nemo orders parts from various industries, secretly shipping them to an island for assembly, whom Maertens labeled "a logistical genius at manipulating [[Industrial Age]] manufacturing".<ref>{{cite book | last=Maertens | first=James W. | chapter=Brains, Brawn, and Masculine Desire in Walt Disney's ''20,000 Leagues Under the Sea'' | editor1-last= Brode | editor1-first=Douglas | editor2-last=Brode | editor2-first=Shea T. | year=2016 | title=Debating Disney: Pedagogical Perspectives on Commercial Cinema | publisher=Rowman & Littlefield | isbn=978-1-4422-6609-4 | pages=19–32 }}</ref> ==Music== Rather than an authentic soundtrack recording of the film's [[film score|score]] or dialogue, two [[Gramophone record|vinyl]] studio cast record albums were released to coincide with the film's first two releases (1954 and 1963). Both albums contained condensed and heavily altered versions of the film's script without the usage of any of the film's cast for character voices. In addition, both albums were narrated by Ned Land as opposed to Aronnax, who narrated the film and the original novel. Neither album mentioned Nemo as actually being "cracked" (i.e. insane), as the film does, and considerably sanitized the character by omitting any mention of him killing anyone. The albums also had Nemo surviving at the end and releasing Ned, Arronax, and Conseil out of gratitude for their saving his life.<ref>{{YouTube|ex89G23PnbM}}</ref> In this version, Ned, Aronnax and Conseil were not shipwrecked because the Nautilus rammed the ship they were on, but because a hurricane came up.<ref>[http://www.kiddierecords.com/mgac/index_2.htm "More Golden Age Classics: 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea."] ''Kidde Records'', July 15, 2011. Retrieved: May 31, 2013.</ref> The first album was issued in 1954 in conjunction with the film's original release, and starred [[William Redfield (actor)|William Redfield]] as the voice of Ned. This album, a [[Book-and-Record set|book-and-record set]], was issued as part of [[RCA Victor]]'s [[Little Nipper]] series on two 45-RPM records.<ref name="amazon">[https://www.amazon.com/Disneys-Leagues-Under-Little-Nipper/dp/B00198VIO4 "Walt Disney's ''20,000 Leagues Under the Sea'' (Little Nipper Story Book Album)."] ''Amazon''. Retrieved: January 9, 2015.</ref>{{Better source needed|date=October 2018}} The second album, released by [[Disneyland Records]] in 1963 in conjunction with the film's first re-release,<ref name="rateyourmusic">[http://rateyourmusic.com/label/disneyland_records "Label: Disneyland Records."] ''Rate Your Music''. Retrieved: January 9, 2015.</ref> was issued on one 33{{fraction|1|3}} RPM 12-inch [[LP record|LP]] with no accompanying booklet and no liner notes – the usual practice with most Disneyland label albums. It contained much more of the film's plot, but with many of the same alterations as the first album, so this recording was technically a remake of the earlier one. The cast for the 1963 album was uncredited. Neither album listed the film's credits or made any mention of the film's cast. A single for the film's most memorable song "[[A Whale of a Tale]]", written by [[Norman Gimbel]] and [[Al Hoffman]] and sung by [[Kirk Douglas]], was also released in 1954 under the [[Decca Records|Decca Children's Series]] label. The song "And the Moon Grew Brighter and Brighter", which Douglas had sung in the movie ''[[Man Without a Star]]'' (written by Lou Singer and [[Jimmy Kennedy]]), was the [[A-side and B-side|B-side]]. Both songs can be found on the 2008 digital release of the film's soundtrack.<ref name="soundtrackcollector">[http://www.soundtrackcollector.com/catalog/soundtrackdetail.php?movieid=16545 "Soundtrack Details: '20,000 Leagues Under the Sea'."] ''Soundtrack Collector''. Retrieved: January 9, 2015.</ref> In the film, [[Johann Sebastian Bach]]'s ''[[Toccata and Fugue in D minor, BWV 565|Toccata and Fugue in D minor]]'' is played by Nemo on the Nautilus's organ, but James Mason's playing is actually dubbed by an anonymous organist. ===Official soundtrack=== On January 29, 2008, [[Walt Disney Records]] released a 26-track [[Music download|digital album]] containing the music of [[Paul Smith (composer)|Paul Smith]]'s original soundtrack score to ''20,000 Leagues Under the Sea'', plus both sides of the "A Whale of a Tale" single, as well as a [[digital booklet]] companion that explores the music of the film. This was the first official release of the film score and was initially available only through the [[iTunes Store]].<ref name="soundtrackcollector" /><ref name="iTunes">[https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/20-000-leagues-under-sea-soundtrack/id272257616 "Soundtrack: '20,000 Leagues Under the Sea' by Various Artists."] ''iTunes Store''. Retrieved: January 9, 2015.</ref> Intrada released the same soundtrack on CD in 2011.<ref name="Intrada">[http://store.intrada.com/s.nl/it.A/id.7230/.f "Soundtrack Details: '20,000 Leagues Under the Sea'."] ''Intrada''. Retrieved: January 9, 2015.</ref> The music for ''20,000 Leagues Under the Sea'' was composed by Paul Smith, with [[Joseph Dubin]] acting as the orchestrator. ==Release== ===Home media=== Over the years, the film has been released on [[VHS]], [[LaserDisc]], [[Capacitance Electronic Disc|SelectaVision videodisc]], [[DVD]], and [[Blu-ray]]. A [[1080p]] HD version from a [[4K resolution|4K]] restoration was released on [[iTunes]] in 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://notonbluray.com/blog/20000-leagues-under-the-sea-itunes-hd-review/ |title=20,000 Leagues Under The Sea - iTunes HD Review - Not on Blu-ray |work=Not on Blu-ray |date=March 17, 2014 }}</ref> In 2019, the film was released on Blu-ray via the Disney Movie Club. The film was available to stream on [[Disney+]] when the service launched on November 12, 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://attractionsmagazine.com/disney-plus-day-one-list/|title=Every Disney movie, TV show available day one on Disney+|date=14 October 2019}}</ref> ==Reception== ===Box office=== ''20,000 Leagues Under the Sea'' earned $8 million in North American [[List of highest-grossing films#distributor rentals|distributor rentals]] at the box office,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://archive.org/details/variety201-1956-01/page/n83/mode/2up/|title=All Time Top Money Films|work=Variety|date=January 4, 1956|page=84|via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> making it [[1954 in film|the third highest-grossing film of 1954]]. ===Critical reaction=== [[Bosley Crowther]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' stated that, "As fabulous and fantastic as anything he has ever done in cartoons is Walt Disney's 'live action' movie made from [[Jules Verne]]'s '[[Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas|20,000 Leagues Under the Sea]].' Turned out in [[CinemaScope]] and color, it is as broad, fictitiously, as it is long (128&nbsp;minutes), and should prove a sensation—at least with the kids".<ref name="nytimesreviews">{{cite news|last=Crowther|first=Bosley|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1954/12/24/archives/the-screen-in-review-20000-leagues-in-128-fantastic-minutes.html|title=The Screen in Review; '20,000 Leagues' in 128 Fantastic Minutes|work=The New York Times|page=7|date=December 24, 1954}}</ref> Gene Arneel of ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' praised the film as "a special kind of picture making, combining photographic ingenuity, imaginative story telling and fiscal daring." He further added that "Richard Fleischer's direction keeps the Disney epic moving at a smart clip, picking up interest right from the start and deftly developing each of the many tense moments...Earl Fenton's screenplay looks to be a combination of the best in the Verne original and new material to suit the screen form. It's a fine job of writing simulating pic fare. Technical credits — underline the water photography — are excellent."<ref>{{cite news|last=Arneel|first=Gene|url=https://archive.org/details/variety196-1954-12/page/n149/mode/2up|title=Film Reviews: 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea|work=Variety|page=6|date=December 15, 1954|access-date=June 13, 2020|via=Internet Archive}}</ref> Philip K. Scheuer, reviewing for the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', wrote "Technically the film is a marvel itself, with actual underwater shot made in the Bahamas alternating with surface scale models that defy detection as such." He also praised Mason's performance, claiming "he lends depth and dimension to the stock figure of the 'mad genius.' The proof: he sometimes seems more pitied than scorned."<ref>Scheuer, Philip K. (December 27, 1954). "[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/385621730/ '20,000 Leagues' Top Adventure Film of the Year]." ''Los Angeles Times''. Part III, p. 9 – via [[Newspapers.com]].</ref> ''[[Harrison's Reports]]'' wrote that "Expertly utilizing the CinemaScope medium and Technicolor photography, he [Walt Disney] and his staff have fashioned a picture that is not only a masterpiece from the production point of view but also a great entertainment, the kind that should go over in a big way with all types of audiences."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://archive.org/details/harrisonsreports00harr_2/page/n237/mode/2up/|title='20,000 Leagues Under the Sea' with Kirk Douglas, James Mason, Paul Lukas and Peter Lorre|work=Harrison's Reports|page=203|date=December 18, 1954|access-date=June 13, 2020|via=Internet Archive}}</ref> Modern-day film critic Steve Biodrowski said that the film is "far superior to the majority of genre efforts from the period (or any period, for that matter), with production design and technical effects that have dated hardly at all". Biodrowski also added that the film "may occasionally succumb to some of the problems inherent in the source material (the episodic nature does slow the pace), but the strengths far outweigh the weaknesses, making this one of the greatest science-fiction films ever made".<ref>{{cite web|last=Biodrowski|first=Steve|url=http://cinefantastiqueonline.com/2007/08/25/hollywood-gothique-captain-nemo-double-bill/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025195455/http://cinefantastiqueonline.com/2007/08/25/hollywood-gothique-captain-nemo-double-bill/|title=Hollywood Gothique: Captain Nemo Double Bill|work=Cinefantastique|archive-date=August 25, 2007|date=August 25, 2007}}</ref> On the [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], the film has an approval rating of 90% based on 30 reviews, with an average rating of 7.70/10. The website's critical consensus reads: "One of Disney's finest live-action adventures, ''20,000 Leagues Under the Sea'' brings Jules Verne's classic sci-fi tale to vivid life, and features an awesome giant squid".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1000079-20000_leagues_under_the_sea/|title=20,000 Leagues Under the Sea|work=Rotten Tomatoes|date=August 10, 2022}}</ref> ===Accolades=== {| class="wikitable" style="width:95%;" |- |- ! Award ! Category ! Recipients ! Result |- | rowspan="3"|[[27th Academy Awards]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1955 |title=The 27th Academy Awards (1955) Nominees and Winners |access-date=June 13, 2020|work=oscars.org}}</ref> | [[Academy Award for Best Production Design|Best Art Direction – Color]] | [[John Meehan (art director)|John Meehan]], [[Emile Kuri]] | rowspan="2" {{won}} |- | [[Academy Award for Best Visual Effects|Best Special Effects]] | [[John Hench]], [[Joshua Meador]] |- | [[Academy Award for Best Film Editing|Best Film Editing]] | [[Elmo Williams]] | {{nom}} |- | [[National Board of Review Awards 1954]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://nationalboardofreview.org/award-names/top-films/ |title=Top Films Archives |publisher=National Board of Review |access-date=June 13, 2020}}</ref> | [[National Board of Review: Top Ten Films|Top Ten Films]] | ''20,000 Leagues Under the Sea'' | {{won}} |- | [[30th Saturn Awards|Saturn Awards]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saturnawards.org/past.html |title=Past Saturn Awards |work=[[Saturn Awards]].org |access-date=May 7, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080914184217/http://www.saturnawards.org/past.html |archive-date=September 14, 2008 |df=mdy }}</ref> | colspan="2"| [[Saturn Award for Best Classic Film DVD Release|Best DVD Classic Film Release]] | {{nom}} |- | Online Film & Television Association Awards<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oftaawards.com/film-hall-of-fame/film-hall-of-fame-productions/ |title=Film Hall of Fame Productions |website=Online Film & Television Association |access-date=May 15, 2021}}</ref> | colspan="2"| Hall of Fame – Motion Picture | {{won|Inducted}} |} The film's primary art director [[Harper Goff]], who designed the fictitious ''Nautilus'' submarine, was not a member of the Art Directors Union. Therefore, under a bylaw within the Academy of Motion Pictures, he was unable to receive his Academy Award for Art Direction.<ref name="tcm">[http://www.tcm.com/thismonth/article/?cid=152601&mainArticleId=153673 "Spotlight: 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea."] ''Turner Classic Movies''. Retrieved: January 9, 2015.</ref> ==In Disney resorts== [[File:20000 Leagues Ride 1979.jpg|thumb|[[20,000 Leagues Under the Sea: Submarine Voyage]] at Walt Disney World in 1979]] [[Disneyland]] used the original sets as a walk-through attraction from 1955 to 1966. [[Walt Disney World Resort|Walt Disney World Resort's]] [[Magic Kingdom]] also had a [[dark ride]] named [[20,000 Leagues Under the Sea: Submarine Voyage]] from 1971 to 1994 which consisted of a submarine ride, complete with the giant squid attack, and an arrangement of the main theme from the 1954 film playing on Captain Nemo's organ in the background. For this ride, voice artist [[Peter Renaday]] stood in for James Mason in the role of Captain Nemo.<ref name="20kride">{{cite web |url=http://www.20kride.com/photos_below.html |title=20,000 Leagues Under the Sea. |work=20K Ride |access-date=January 9, 2015}}</ref> In 1994, a walkthrough attraction at [[Disneyland Paris]], named [[Les Mystères du Nautilus]], opened,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.photosmagiques.com/gallery/disneyland-park/discoveryland/les-mysteres-du-nautilus/ |title=Les Mystères du Nautilus. |work=Photos Magiques |date=September 29, 2011 |access-date=January 9, 2015}}</ref> and a dark ride at [[Tokyo DisneySea]] was created in 2001.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wilson |first=Shellie |url=http://notcraft.craftgossip.com/review-tokyo-disneyland-and-disneysea-part-2-tokyo-disneysea/2012/06/10/ |title=Review: Tokyo Disneyland and DisneySea – Part 2: Tokyo DisneySea. |work=Craft Gossip |date=June 10, 2012 |access-date=January 9, 2015}}</ref> The exterior to [[The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Undersea Adventure]] contains a silhouette of the ''Nautilus'' in a rock wall<ref>{{cite web |url=https://touringplans.com/blog/2016/04/20/walt-disney-world-relics-tributes-magic-kingdom/ |title=Walt Disney World Relics and Tributes: The Magic Kingdom |first=Savannah |last=Sanders |work=TouringPlans.com |date=April 20, 2016 |access-date=24 February 2019}}</ref> and the [[tiki bar]] [[Trader Sam's Enchanted Tiki Bar|Trader Sam's]] Grog Grotto at [[Disney's Polynesian Village Resort]] serves a cocktail called the "Nautilus"<ref>{{cite web |url=https://disneyworld.disney.go.com/dining/polynesian-resort/trader-sams-grog-grotto/menus/ |title=Trader Sam's Grog Grotto menu |access-date=24 February 2019 |work=[[Disney World]] |publisher=[[Disney]]}}</ref> which is itself served in a stylized drinking vessel resembling the submarine,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://secure.cdn1.wdpromedia.com/resize/mwImage/1/640/360/75/dam/wdpro-assets/gallery/dining/resort-dining/polynesian-resort/trader-sams-grog-grotto/trader-sams-grog-grotto-gallery05.jpg |title=Trader Sam's Nautilus cocktail vessel |work=secure.cdn1.wdpromedia.com}}</ref> and features a dive helmet and a mechanical squid tentacle that pours liquor behind the bar.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cflas.org/2015/03/29/trader-sams-grog-grotto-a-true-dive-bar/ |title=Trader Sam's Grog Grotto: Drinking You 20,000 Leagues Under The Table |first=Travis |last=Fillmen |work=Central Florida Aquarium Society |date=March 29, 2015 |access-date=24 February 2019}}</ref> ==Comic book adaptation== * [[Dell Comics|Dell]] [[Four Color]] #614 (February 1955)<ref>{{Grand Comics Database issue|id=12145|title=Dell Four Color #614}}</ref><ref>{{Comic Book DB|type=issue|id=193573|title=Dell Four Color #614}}</ref> ==Remake and prequel== On January 6, 2009, ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]'' reported that a live-action remake titled ''20,000 Leagues Under the Sea: Captain Nemo'' was being planned with [[McG|Joseph McGinty Nichol]], known as "McG", attached to direct. The film serves as an origin story for Captain Nemo, as he builds his warship, the ''Nautilus''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Fleming|first=Michael|url=https://variety.com/2009/film/news/mcg-to-direct-disney-s-leagues-1117998080/|title=McG to direct Disney's 'Leagues'|work=Variety|date=January 6, 2009|access-date=January 9, 2015}}</ref> McG has remarked that it will be "much more in keeping with the spirit of the novel" than Richard Fleischer's film, in which it will reveal "what Aronnax is up to and the becoming of Captain Nemo, and how the man became at war with war itself". It was written by Bill Marsilli, with Justin Marks and [[Randall Wallace]] brought in to do rewrites.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=56966|title=Randall Wallace to Rewrite 'Captain Nemo'|website=[[CraveOnline|ComingSoon.net]]|date=July 8, 2009|access-date=January 9, 2015}}</ref> The film was to be produced by [[Sean Bailey]] with McG's [[Wonderland Sound and Vision]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Graser|first=Marc|url=https://variety.com/2009/film/news/justin-marks-rewriting-nemo-1118000058/|title=Justin Marks rewriting 'Nemo'|work=Variety|date=February 11, 2009|access-date=January 9, 2015}}</ref> McG once suggested that he wanted [[Will Smith]] as Captain Nemo, but he reportedly turned down the part.<ref>{{cite news|last=Vejvoda|first=Jim|url=http://uk.movies.ign.com/articles/945/945281p1.html|title=Finding McG's Nemo|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221090207/http://uk.movies.ign.com/articles/945/945281p1.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 21, 2009|work=[[IGN]]|date=January 15, 2009|access-date=January 9, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Morris|first=Clint|url=http://www.moviehole.net/200920432-exclusive-sam-on-nemo|title=Exclusive: Sam downplays 'Nemo'|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100626010420/http://www.moviehole.net/200920432-exclusive-sam-on-nemo |url-status=dead|archive-date=June 26, 2010|website=Moviehole.net|date=August 21, 2009|access-date=January 9, 2015}}</ref> As a second possible choice, McG had mentioned [[Sam Worthington]], with whom he worked on ''[[Terminator Salvation]]'', though they did not ever discuss it seriously. In November 2009, the project was shelved by then-[[Walt Disney Pictures]] chairman [[Rich Ross]] after having spent nearly $10 million on pre-production work. Prior to the announcement, McG and Bailey had been notified of the project's cancellation.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Eller|first2=Claudia|last2=Chimelewksi|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2009-nov-18-et-nemo18-story.html|title=Disney sinks 'Captain Nemo'|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=November 18, 2009|access-date=June 2, 2020}}</ref> During the 2010 [[San Diego Comic-Con]], director [[David Fincher]] announced plans of directing ''20,000 Leagues Under the Sea'' for [[Walt Disney Pictures]] based on a script by [[Scott Z. Burns]].<ref name="mtv">{{cite news|last=Rosenberg|first=Adam|url=http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2010/07/28/exclusive-david-fincher-confirms-that-work-continues-on-20000-leagues-under-the-sea/|title=Exclusive: David Fincher Confirms That Work Continues On '20,000 Leagues Under The Sea'|work=MTV Movies Blog|url-status=dead|date=July 28, 2010|archive-date=September 9, 2015|access-date=January 9, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909035751/http://moviesblog.mtv.com/2010/07/28/exclusive-david-fincher-confirms-that-work-continues-on-20000-leagues-under-the-sea/}}</ref> While Fincher was wrapping up ''[[The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film)|The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo]]'' (2011), it was speculated that ''20,000 Leagues Under the Sea'' would enter principal photography by late 2012.<ref>{{cite news|last=Davis|first=Edward|url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/theplaylist/sony-officially-planning-to-make-dragon-tattoo-sequels-but-david-fincher-is-looking-to-direct-20-000-leagues-instead|title=Sony Officially Plans To Make 'Dragon Tattoo' Sequels, But David Fincher Is Looking To Direct '20,000 Leagues' Instead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605141056/http://blogs.indiewire.com/theplaylist/sony-officially-planning-to-make-dragon-tattoo-sequels-but-david-fincher-is-looking-to-direct-20-000-leagues-instead|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 5, 2013|work=IndieWire|date=January 9, 2012|access-date=January 9, 2015}}</ref> In the meantime, Fincher began courting [[Brad Pitt]] to play the role of Ned Land while the film was kept on hold.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sneider|first=Jeff|url=https://variety.com/2012/film/news/fincher-scopes-out-brad-pitt-for-20-000-leagues-1118060967/|title=Director courts frequent collaborator for role of harpoonist Ned Land.|work=Variety|date=October 18, 2012|access-date=January 9, 2015}}</ref> However, in February 2013, it was announced that Pitt had officially turned down the role.<ref>{{cite news|last=Dibdin|first=Emma|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/movies/news/a460011/brad-pitt-turns-down-david-finchers-20000-leagues-under-the-sea.html|title=Brad Pitt 'turns down David Fincher's '20,000 Leagues Under the Sea|work=[[Digital Spy]]|date=February 12, 2013|access-date=January 9, 2015}}</ref> In April 2013, it was announced that the Australian government will provide a one-off incentive of $20 million in order to secure the production.<ref>{{cite news|last=Bullbeck|first=Pip|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/disney-s-20000-leagues-under-432259|title=Disney's '20,000 Leagues Under the Sea' Confirmed For Australia Shoot'|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|date=April 2, 2013|access-date=January 9, 2015}}</ref> Despite this, the film was put on hold again the following month due to complications in casting a lead.<ref>{{cite news|last=Child|first=Ben|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/may/20/brad-pitt-passes-20000-leagues-under-the-sea|title=20,000 Leagues Under the Sea remake put on hold|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=May 20, 2013|access-date=January 9, 2015}}</ref> On July 17, 2013, Fincher dropped out of the film to direct the adaptation of ''[[Gone Girl (novel)|Gone Girl]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Davis|first=Edward|url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/theplaylist/exclusive-andrew-kevin-walker-rewriting-dragon-tattoo-sequel-david-finchers-20-000-leagues-is-dead-20130717|title=Exclusive: Andrew Kevin Walker Rewriting 'Dragon Tattoo' Sequel; David Fincher's '20,000 Leagues' Is Dead|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130720030024/http://blogs.indiewire.com/theplaylist/exclusive-andrew-kevin-walker-rewriting-dragon-tattoo-sequel-david-finchers-20-000-leagues-is-dead-20130717|archive-date=July 20, 2013|work=[[IndieWire]]|date=July 17, 2013|access-date=January 9, 2015}}</ref> Fincher revealed in an interview that he left the film because he wanted [[Channing Tatum]] for Ned Land, but Disney wanted [[Chris Hemsworth]] for the role.<ref>{{cite news|last=Jagernauth|first=Kevin|url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/theplaylist/david-fincher-says-differences-over-casting-and-disneys-corporate-culture-stalled-20-000-leagues-under-the-sea-20140915|title=David Fincher Says Differences Over Casting And Disney's Corporate Culture Stalled '20,000 Leagues Under The Sea'|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918195018/http://blogs.indiewire.com/theplaylist/david-fincher-says-differences-over-casting-and-disneys-corporate-culture-stalled-20-000-leagues-under-the-sea-20140915 |archive-date=September 18, 2014|work=Indie Wire|date=September 15, 2014|access-date=January 9, 2015}}</ref> Additionally, the money originally allocated for the production of this film was redirected towards ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales]]''.<ref name="The Guardian">{{cite news|last=Child|first=Ben|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/sep/01/pirates-of-the-caribbean-5-shoot-australia/|title=Pirates of the Caribbean 5 gets green light to shoot in Australia|work=The Guardian|date=September 1, 2014|access-date=January 9, 2015}}</ref> In February 2016, Disney announced that it was planning a live-action film titled ''Captain Nemo'', with [[James Mangold]] directing.<ref>{{cite news |date=February 25, 2016 |last=Ford |first=Rebecca |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/wolverine-helmer-james-mangold-direct-869705 |title='Wolverine' Helmer James Mangold to Direct Disney's 'Captain Nemo' |work=The Hollywood Reporter }}</ref> Mangold moved on from the project to direct ''[[Indiana Jones and the Dial of Destiny]]'' instead.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 August 2021 |last1=Williams |first1=Jordan |title=Why Disney's 20,000 Leagues Adaptation Has Taken So Long: Every Failed Version |url=https://screenrant.com/20000-leagues-under-sea-disney-movie-show-delays-cancelled/ |website=ScreenRant }}</ref> On August 23, 2021, it was announced that a ten episode miniseries titled ''Nautilus'' entered development. The series will be an origin story about Captain Nemo and will be written by James Dormer, who will co-produce with Johanna Devereaux.<ref>{{cite web |date=23 August 2021 |last1=Ritman |first1=Alex |title=Disney+ Orders 'Nautilus' Series Based on Jules Verne Classic '20,000 Leagues Under the Sea' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/disney-nautilus-20000-leagues-under-sea-adaptation-1235001471/ |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] }}</ref> On November 12, 2021, [[Shazad Latif]] was cast in the lead role while [[Michael Matthews (director)|Michael Matthews]] will direct the series.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2021/11/shazad-latif-captain-nemo-disney-nautilus-michael-matthews-1234872277/|title=Shazad Latif Tapped To Play Captain Nemo In Disney+ Series 'Nautilus', Michael Matthews On Board To Direct|website=Deadline|last=Kroll|first=Justin|date=November 12, 2021|access-date=November 12, 2021}}</ref> ==See also== * ''[[Mysterious Island (1961 film)|Mysterious Island]]'', a 1961 film by Columbia Pictures, based on Verne's 1874 novel ''[[The Mysterious Island]]'', which was a sequel to two of Verne's earlier novels: ''[[In Search of the Castaways]]'' (also known as ''Captain Grant's Children'') (1867) and ''[[Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas]]'' (1870) * ''[[In Search of the Castaways (film)|In Search of the Castaways]]'', a 1962 Disney film based on Verne's 1867 novel [[In Search of the Castaways|''In Search of the Castaways'' (a.k.a. ''Captain Grant's Children'')]] * ''[[Atlantis: The Lost Empire]]'', a 2001 Disney animated film that would share much of the same design language as ''20,000 Leagues Under the Sea'' ==Notes== {{Reflist|group=Note}} ==References== {{Reflist}} ===Bibliography=== * Schickel, Richard. ''The Disney Version: The Life, Times, Art and Commerce of Walt Disney'' (Third ed.). Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 1997. {{ISBN|978-1-56663-158-7}}. * [[Bill Warren (film historian and critic)|Warren, Bill]]. ''Keep Watching the Skies: American Science Fiction Films of the Fifties'', 21st Century Edition. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 2009 (First Edition 1982). {{ISBN|0-89950-032-3}}. ==External links== {{commons category}} {{wikiquote}} * {{IMDb title|id=0046672}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150402112559/http://www.dbcult.com/movie-database/20000-leagues-under-the-sea-1954/ ''20,000 Leagues Under the Sea''] at [http://www.dbcult.com/ DBCult Film Institute] * {{TCMDb title|20642|20,000 Leagues Under the Sea}} {{Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea}} {{Richard Fleischer}} {{Jules Verne}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:20000 Leagues Under The Sea (1954 Film)}} [[Category:1954 films]] [[Category:1950s science fiction adventure films]] [[Category:American science fiction adventure films]] [[Category:1950s English-language films]] [[Category:Films adapted into comics]] [[Category:Films based on Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea]] [[Category:Films based on science fiction novels]] [[Category:Films directed by Richard Fleischer]] [[Category:Films produced by Walt Disney]] [[Category:Films scored by Paul Smith (film and television composer)]] [[Category:Films set in San Francisco]] [[Category:Films set in the Pacific Ocean]] [[Category:Films set in 1868]] [[Category:Films shot in Jamaica]] [[Category:Films shot in the Bahamas]] [[Category:Films that won the Best Visual Effects Academy Award]] [[Category:Films whose art director won the Best Art Direction Academy Award]] [[Category:Sea adventure films]] [[Category:Underwater civilizations in fiction]] [[Category:Walt Disney Pictures films]] [[Category:CinemaScope films]] [[Category:Films set in New Guinea]] [[Category:1950s American films]]'