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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext ) | '{{Short description|Iranian resort island in the Persian Gulf}}
{{distinguish|Qeshm Island}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- Basic info ---------------->| official_name = Kish Island
| other_name = Kish
| native_name = {{lang|fa|جزیرهی کیش}}
| nickname = Pearl of the Persian Gulf
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
| photo2a = 9.harireh.jpg
| photo1a = Kish skyline.jpg
| photo2b = Kish Island amir1.jpg
| photo3a = Dariush Grand Hotel - 2.jpg
| photo3b = Greek Ship of kish amir.jpg
| photo4a = Hoteltoranj.jpg
| size = 280
| spacing = 2
| color = transparent
| border = 0
}}
| image_caption = '''Clockwise from top:'''<br /> Skyline of Kish, Morvarid Bazaar, [[Greek Ship]], Toranj Marine Hotel, [[Dariush Grand Hotel]], [[Harireh]] old city
| settlement_type = <!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)-->
| motto =
| pushpin_map = Iran#Persian Gulf
| pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
| pushpin_map_caption =
| pushpin_relief = yes
| pushpin_mapsize = <!-- Location ------------------>
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[Iran]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Iran|Province]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Hormozgān Province]]
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name2 =
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
| subdivision_type4 =
| subdivision_name4 = <!-- Politics ----------------->
| government_footnotes =
| government_type = [[Iran]]
| leader_title = Head of [[Free-Trade Zone]]
| image_seal =
| leader_name = Gholam-Hossein Muzaffari
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| established_title = <!-- Settled -->
| established_date =
| established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) -->
| established_date2 =
| established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) -->
| established_date3 = <!-- Area --------------------->
| area_magnitude =
| unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_land_km2 = 91.5
| area_water_km2 =
| area_total_sq_mi =
| area_land_sq_mi = 35.3
| area_water_sq_mi =
| area_water_percent =
| area_urban_km2 =
| area_urban_sq_mi =
| area_metro_km2 =
| area_metro_sq_mi =
| area_blank1_title =
| area_blank1_km2 =
| area_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- Population ----------------------->
| population_as_of = 2016
| population_footnotes =
| population_note =
| population_total = 39853
| population_density_km2 =
| population_density_sq_mi =
| population_metro =
| population_density_metro_km2 =
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| population_blank1_title =
| population_blank1 =
| population_density_blank1_km2 =
| population_density_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- General information --------------->
| timezone = [[Iran Standard Time|IRST]]
| utc_offset = +3:30
| timezone_DST =
| utc_offset_DST =
| coordinates = {{coord|26|32|N|53|58|E|region:IR|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| elevation_ft = <!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
| postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->
| postal_code =
| area_code =
| blank_name =
| blank_info =
| blank1_name =
| blank1_info =
| website = [http://www.kish.ir Kish Free Zone Organization]<br />[http://www.hormozgan.ir Hormozgan Province]
| footnotes =
| name =
| native_name_lang = Farsi
| image_map1 =
}}
'''Kish''' ({{lang-fa|کیش}} {{audio|Kish pronounce.ogg|listen}}, historically known as '''Qeys'''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u4TfAAAAMAAJ&dq=qeys&pg=RA3-PA420 | title=Publications | year=1955 }}</ref>) is a {{convert|91.5|km2|mi2|1|adj=on}} [[resort island]] in [[Bandar Lengeh County]], [[Hormozgan Province]], off the southern coast of [[Iran]] in the [[Persian Gulf]]. Owing to its [[free trade zone]] status, the island is touted as a consumer's paradise, with numerous malls, shopping centers, [[tourist attractions]], and resort hotels.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/NISPAcee/UNPAN015616.pdf|title=Building Iran's Software Industry: An Assessment of Plans and Prospects sing the Software Export Success Model |isbn=1904143377|year=2003|publisher=Institute for Development Policy and Management, University of Manchester, UK|author=Brian Nicholson and Sundeep Sahay}}</ref> It has an estimated population of around 140,000 residents and about 12 million visitors annually.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.sirang.com |first=Sirang Rasaneh |title=Kish Island, Hormozgan province - ITTO |url=https://www.itto.org/iran/city/Kish-Island/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=itto.org {{!}} Iran Tourism & Touring}}</ref>
== History ==
{{see also| History of Iran}}
Kish Island has been mentioned in history variously as Kamtina, Arakia ({{lang-grc|Αρακία}}), Arakata, and Ghiss.
In 325 BC, [[Alexander the Great]] commissioned [[Nearchus]] to set off on an expeditionary voyage to the [[Sea of Oman]] and the [[Persian Gulf]]. Nearchus's writings on Arakata contain the first known mention of Kish Island in antiquity.{{ref label|kishhistory|1|a}} When [[Marco Polo]] visited the Imperial court in China, he commented on the Emperor's wife's pearls; he was told that they were from Kish.{{ref label|kishhistory|2|a}}
Throughout much of its history, it was ruled by [[Arab]] merchants, when it was known as Qeys.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_wZWCgAAQBAJ&dq=qeys+island+arab&pg=PA129 | isbn=9781845641351 | title=Traditional Architecture of the Arabian Gulf: Building on Desert Tides | date=10 June 2008 | publisher=WIT Press }}</ref>
In March 2007, the retired FBI agent turned private eye [[Disappearance of Robert Levinson|Robert A. Levinson disappeared]] on Kish Island where he was meeting with an American fugitive known as [[Dawud Salahuddin]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Meier|first=Barry|date=2011-12-09|title=Video Revives Mystery of Missing Former F.B.I. Agent|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/10/world/middleeast/video-shows-robert-levinson-ex-fbi-agent-missing-in-iran.html|access-date=2022-01-20|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
In 2019, the singer [[Joss Stone]] was deported from the island by the Iranian customs. Iranian officials claimed the British singer did not have the proper documentation to enter the country, but Joss Stone claimed the Iranian authorities were afraid a woman singer would perform a public show in the country.<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 July 2019|title=British Singer Joss Stone Says She's Been 'Deported' From Iran|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/british-singer-joss-stone-says-she-s-been-deported-from-iran/30037178.html|access-date=2022-01-20|website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|language=en}}</ref>
== Geography ==
{{see also| Geography of Iran}}
Kish is located in the Persian Gulf, {{convert|19|km|abbr=on}} from mainland Iran, and has an area of approximately {{convert|91|km2|abbr=on}} with an outer boundary of {{convert|40|km|abbr=on}} and a nearly elliptical shape.
===Climate, nature, and geobotany===
Kish is located on a narrow strip of tropical vegetation in the Northern Hemisphere, with the [[Persian plateau]] to the north and the [[Arabian Peninsula]] to the south.
[[File:Jhcfjuhfuvfjhyf.jpg|thumb|Kish's environment]]
===Weather===
Kish has a very dry semi-equatorial climate. Over an 8-year span, the median annual rainfall in Kish was {{convert|145|mm|abbr=on}} (54% in winter, 28% in autumn, and 14% in summer) and the median annual temperature was {{convert|26.6|°C}}. The relative atmospheric humidity in Kish makes it like a sea island except in cold seasons. The humidity is approximately 60% for most of the year. In the months from October to April, Kish's weather is mild, ranging from {{convert|18|°C}} to {{convert|25|°C}}. The statistical data in the Kish [[Free trade zone|free zone]]'s archives shows that the island's temperature varies from very hot to moderately hot, accompanied by relatively high humidity, often interspersed by heavy rains of short durations in certain seasons. With the exception of some southeastern coastal areas and a few other islands in the [[Persian Gulf]], Kish Island has the most sunny hours in the region, roughly 3,100 hours per year. Based on climatological classification and general weather conditions, Kish's proximity to the Tropic of Cancer and its exposure to high tropical pressure systems, as well as its position amidst hot and shallow waters, means the island tends to be hot and humid most of the year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kish.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4734&Site=DouranPortal&Lang=en-US |title=Kish Free Zone Organization – سازمان منطقه آزاد کیش |publisher=Kish.ir |access-date=2010-04-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110117001702/http://kish.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4734&Site=DouranPortal&Lang=en-US |archive-date=2011-01-17 }}</ref>
{{Weather box
| width = auto
| collapsed = yes
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| location = Kish Island (1991–2020)
| Jan record high C = 28.2
| Feb record high C = 31.0
| Mar record high C = 36.0
| Apr record high C = 41.6
| May record high C = 44.0
| Jun record high C = 46.2
| Jul record high C = 46.2
| Aug record high C = 44.5
| Sep record high C = 41.6
| Oct record high C = 40.0
| Nov record high C = 35.4
| Dec record high C = 32.0
| year record high C = 46.2
| Jan high C = 22.8
| Feb high C = 23.8
| Mar high C = 26.5
| Apr high C = 31.3
| May high C = 35.6
| Jun high C = 37.2
| Jul high C = 38.0
| Aug high C = 38.0
| Sep high C = 36.5
| Oct high C = 34.2
| Nov high C = 29.7
| Dec high C = 25.2
| year high C = 31.6
| Jan mean C = 19.2
| Feb mean C = 20.0
| Mar mean C = 22.3
| Apr mean C = 26.1
| May mean C = 29.9
| Jun mean C = 32.0
| Jul mean C = 33.6
| Aug mean C = 34.0
| Sep mean C = 32.4
| Oct mean C = 29.8
| Nov mean C = 25.5
| Dec mean C = 21.4
| year mean C = 27.2
| Jan low C = 16.5
| Feb low C = 17.1
| Mar low C = 19.1
| Apr low C = 22.4
| May low C = 25.7
| Jun low C = 28.0
| Jul low C = 30.3
| Aug low C = 30.9
| Sep low C = 29.1
| Oct low C = 26.3
| Nov low C = 22.3
| Dec low C = 18.6
| year low C = 23.9
| Jan record low C = 9.0
| Feb record low C = 9.8
| Mar record low C = 12.2
| Apr record low C = 16.4
| May record low C = 19.0
| Jun record low C = 24.0
| Jul record low C = 24.8
| Aug record low C = 27.3
| Sep record low C = 23.9
| Oct record low C = 18.0
| Nov record low C = 15.8
| Dec record low C = 12.0
| year record low C = 9.0
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 34.0
| Feb precipitation mm = 21.7
| Mar precipitation mm = 26.2
| Apr precipitation mm = 5.7
| May precipitation mm = 0.4
| Jun precipitation mm = 0.3
| Jul precipitation mm = 1.9
| Aug precipitation mm = 0.1
| Sep precipitation mm = 0.2
| Oct precipitation mm = 2.4
| Nov precipitation mm = 23.1
| Dec precipitation mm = 42.5
| year precipitation mm = 158.5
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 3.1
| Feb precipitation days = 2.2
| Mar precipitation days = 2.8
| Apr precipitation days = 0.9
| May precipitation days = 0.1
| Jun precipitation days = 0.1
| Jul precipitation days = 0.1
| Aug precipitation days = 0.0
| Sep precipitation days = 0.0
| Oct precipitation days = 0.2
| Nov precipitation days = 1.6
| Dec precipitation days = 2.9
| year precipitation days = 14.0
| Jan humidity = 65.0
| Feb humidity = 67.0
| Mar humidity = 68.0
| Apr humidity = 64.0
| May humidity = 63.0
| Jun humidity = 69.0
| Jul humidity = 70.0
| Aug humidity = 71.0
| Sep humidity = 72.0
| Oct humidity = 66.0
| Nov humidity = 60.0
| Dec humidity = 64.0
| year humidity = 66.6
| Jan dew point C = 12.2
| Feb dew point C = 13.3
| Mar dew point C = 15.7
| Apr dew point C = 18.0
| May dew point C = 21.2
| Jun dew point C = 25.1
| Jul dew point C = 27.0
| Aug dew point C = 27.7
| Sep dew point C = 26.3
| Oct dew point C = 22.4
| Nov dew point C = 16.7
| Dec dew point C = 13.9
| year dew point C = 20.0
| Jan sun = 234.0
| Feb sun = 221.0
| Mar sun = 237.0
| Apr sun = 255.0
| May sun = 319.0
| Jun sun = 317.0
| Jul sun = 295.0
| Aug sun = 292.0
| Sep sun = 284.0
| Oct sun = 292.0
| Nov sun = 253.0
| Dec sun = 238.0
| year sun = 3237.0
| source = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]<ref name="WMONormals">{{cite web
|url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/Iran/CSV/KishIsland_40882.csv
|title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Kish Island
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|access-date = January 1, 2024}}</ref>
}}
===Tourist attractions===
{{see also| Tourism in Iran}}
[[File:The Greek Ship.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Greek Ship]]]]
[[File:Kish map.png|300px|thumbnail|right|Kish map]]
[[File:Hoteltoranj.jpg|300px|thumb|Toranj Marine Hotel]]
The Greek Ship is the wreck of a 1943 cargo [[steamship]], the ''Koula F'', on a beach on Kish's southwest coast.<ref name=Clyde>{{cite web |url= http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=19858 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111219174028/http://clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=19858 |url-status= usurped |archive-date= 19 December 2011 |last1=Cameron |first1=Stuart |last2=Robinson |first2=George |last3=Stewart |first3=Gavin |title=SS Empire Trumpet |work=Clydebuilt Ships Database |access-date=10 April 2013}}</ref> She was originally a British ship, ''Empire Trumpet'', and was built in Scotland.<ref name=Clyde/> In 1966, she ran aground and all attempts to salvage her failed.<ref name=Clyde/> When ''Koula F''{{'}}s crew abandoned her, they set her on fire,{{citation needed|date=April 2013}} and all that remains is her steel hull.
[[File:Dariush(Darius) Grand Hotel - panoramio.jpg|thumb|[[Dariush Grand Hotel]] in Kish]]
== Economy ==
{{See also|Economy of Iran|Communications in Iran|Foreign Direct Investment in Iran}}
Since the mid-1990s, the Iranian government has embarked on an aggressive promotional and developmental campaign to position Kish as a rival to [[Dubai]] and to [[Doha]]. The campaign has included massive construction projects and programs designed to attract foreign investment and trade. Within the area of the ''Kish Free Zone'', as it is known, the standard laws of the Islamic Republic of [[Iran]] are far more relaxed than on the mainland. This has resulted in significant increases in mostly domestic tourism, as well as the abundance of international trade on the island. Kish's population includes significant numbers of both [[Muslims]] and [[Christians]]. In 2009, the total foreign trade of the Kish Free Zone was approximately $9.2 billion per annum.<ref>[http://www.nitc.co.ir/iran-daily/1387/3324/html/economy.htm Iran Daily – Domestic Economy – 01/24/09] {{dead link|date=November 2016}}</ref> Fifteen percent of all imports to Iran are through Kish.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/id/15840232?video=1685918752&play=1 |title=News Headlines |publisher=Cnbc.com |date=2009-02-26 |access-date=2012-03-07}}</ref>
Investment incentives in the Kish [[free trade zone]] include:
* 15 years tax-exemption;
* no entry visa requirement;
* 100% foreign ownership possible;
* flexible monetary & banking services;
* extended legal guarantees & protection.
Besides the existing [[Iranian Oil Bourse]], a new exchange, the [[Kish Stock Exchange]] was inaugurated in 2010 to facilitate [[Foreign Direct Investment in Iran|foreign investment]] and monetary activities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=8910030737 |title=Fars News Agency :: New Stock Exchange Kicks off Work in Southern Iran |publisher=English.farsnews.com |date=2010-12-24 |access-date=2012-03-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314145403/http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=8910030737 |archive-date=2012-03-14 }}</ref>
== Education ==
{{see also|Education in Iran}}
[[File:Kish Island Bird Garden, Persian Gulf, 2014.jpg|thumb|left|Kish Island Bird Garden, 2014]]
[[Sharif University of Technology]]-International Campus-Kish was established in 1995.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About SUTIC-Sharif University of Technology International Campus - Kish Island- WELCOME TO THE INTERNATIONAL CAMPUS OF SHARIF UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY |url=https://kish.ac.ir/IPPWebV1C041/English_WebUI/Templates/WebSiteTemplate1/WebSiteFile80605.aspx |access-date=2022-09-11 |website=kish.ac.ir}}</ref> [[Kish International Campus, University of Tehran]] was established in 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ut.ac.ir/en/contents/Kish-Camps/Kish.International.Campus.html |title="Kish International Campus" |access-date=2012-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617122446/http://ut.ac.ir/en/contents/Kish-Camps/Kish.International.Campus.html |archive-date=2012-06-17 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
To promote the quality and quantity of education, KFZO, the Kish Free Zone Organization, has created educational spaces by building new schools and giving priority to technical and vocational courses. They include:
* Kish Institute of Arts and Sciences (teaching foreign languages);
* Kish Institute of Graph-Rayaneh (teaching computing);
* Parto Institute (teaching English);
* Sadaf Cultural Centre;
* Mir Mohana Cultural Centre;
* Sana'ei Cultural Centre;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kish.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4772&Site=DouranPortal&Lang=en-US|title=Kish Free Zone Organization – سازمان منطقه آزاد کیش|publisher=Kish.ir|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114063326/http://www.kish.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4772&Site=DouranPortal&Lang=en-US|archive-date=2009-01-14|url-status=dead|access-date=2010-04-19}}</ref> and
* [[Kish Institute of Science and Technology]].
== Transportation ==
[[File:McDonnell Douglas MD-82 'EP-LCL' Kish Air (21710460889).jpg|thumb|[[Kish Air]]]]
The connection with Kish is carried out either by sea or by air through Kish airport and Kish port.
[[Kish International Airport]] serves as the entry point for tourists who come to Kish Island.
== Sports ==
{{see also| Sport in Iran}}
[[File:Scuba Diving Kish Island Iran.JPG|thumb|Scuba diving on Kish Island]]
Kish Island hosts the Fajr International Squash Championship, which is part of the [[Professional Squash Association]]'s annual tour. Kish also holds [[Iran's Traditional and Heroic Games Contests]]. Kish is home to a multi-purpose stadium seating 1,200 spectators. Water sports are offered in Kish. Kish Island has hosted the [[2006 Asian Beach Volleyball Championship]].
Kish was host to an officially sanctioned [[FIVB]] beach volleyball event, the Kish Island Open 2016. Qualification rounds at the 2017 [[FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour]] event took place on Kish.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://worldtour.2017.fivb.com/en/432|title = Home - Kish Island}}</ref>
== Major Kish Island projects ==
===International Oil Bourse===
The [[International Oil Bourse]] is a commodity exchange which opened in 2008.
===Ocean Water Park===
[[File:Anaconda 2.jpg|thumb|[[Ocean Water Park]]]]
[[Ocean Water Park]] is a {{convert|5.6|hectare|acre|adj=on}} water park.
===Kish Dolphin Park===
The Dolphin Park is a {{Convert|70|ha|acre|adj=on}} park located at the southeast corner of Kish Island. It is surrounded by over 22,000 palm trees and includes a [[dolphinarium]], [[Butterfly gardening|butterfly garden]], silkworm compound, bird garden, artificial rain forest, volcanic mountain, orchid garden, and cactus garden. The dolphinarium includes the largest man-made pool on the island and it exhibits [[dolphin]]s, [[sea lion]]s, and [[Beluga whale|white whales]].<ref name="dolphinarium"/> The Bird Garden in the park is home to more than 57 species of birds and other animals from around the world, including [[pelican]]s, [[ostrich]]es, [[blue-and-yellow macaw]]s, [[stork]]s, [[toco toucan]]s, [[turaco]]s, [[swan]]s, [[African penguin]]s, and [[marsh crocodile]]s.<ref name="bird garden"/>
===Kish Aquarium===
The Art Center on the island includes an aquarium that displays marine species unique to the Persian Gulf.<ref name="aquarium"/>
==Twin towns – sister cities==
* {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Langkawi]], [[Malaysia]] <small>''(since 2009)''</small>{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}
* {{flagicon|UAE}} [[Dubai]], [[United Arab Emirates]] <small>''(since 2002)''</small>
== See also ==
{{Portal|Iran}}
* [[Bandar Lengeh]]
* [[Chabahar free trade-industrial zone]], another [[free trade zone]] in Iran
* [[Economy of Iran]]
* [[Flower of the East]], a proposed [[hotel rating|luxury]] hotel development on Kish Island
* [[Foreign Direct Investment in Iran]]
* [[Iran airshow]], a semi-regular international airshow held on Kish Island
* [[Kish Air]], a domestic airline serving Kish Island
== Notes ==
{{Reflist |refs=
<ref name="dolphinarium">
{{cite web
|url=http://www.kish.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4474&Site=DouranPortal&Lang=en-US
|title=Dolphin Park Complex
|work=kish.ir
|publisher=Kish Free Zone Organization
|access-date=2 October 2010
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923154805/http://www.kish.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4474&Site=DouranPortal&Lang=en-US
|archive-date=23 September 2010
}}
</ref>
<ref name="bird garden">
{{cite web
|url=http://www.kish.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4475&Site=DouranPortal&Lang=en-US
|title=Bird Garden
|work=kish.ir
|publisher=Kish Free Zone Organization
|access-date=2 October 2010
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718111504/http://www.kish.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4475&Site=DouranPortal&Lang=en-US
|archive-date=18 July 2011
}}
</ref>
<ref name="aquarium">
{{cite web
|url=http://www.kish.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4479&Site=DouranPortal&Lang=en-US
|title=Aquarium
|work=kish.ir
|publisher=Kish Free Zone Organization
|access-date=2 October 2010
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718111531/http://www.kish.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4479&Site=DouranPortal&Lang=en-US
|archive-date=18 July 2011
}}
</ref>
}}
== External links ==
{{Wikivoyage}}
{{Commons category|Kish Island}}
* [http://www.freezones.ir/ Iran Free Zones official website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120209223126/http://kish.ir/ Kish Free Zone Organization]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111128082215/http://tourismiran.ir/ Iran's Official Universal Tourism Portal]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081018185946/http://www.anobanini.ir/travel/fa/hormozgan/cat-116/ Information and Pictures of Kish] (in Persian)
* [http://www.jadidonline.com/story/13122008/frnk/harireh Hamid-Reza Hosseini, ''Findings of Kish'' in Persian]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160108080933/http://knullen.com/gallery3/index.php/Kish-Islan---Iran-The-Consumer-s-aradise More pictures of Kish Island]
{{Hormozgan Province}}
{{Iranian islands in the Persian Gulf}}
{{Kish Island topics}}
[[Category:Arab settlements in Hormozgan Province]]
[[Category:Bandar Lengeh County]]
[[Category:Islands of Iran]]
[[Category:Islands of the Persian Gulf]]
[[Category:Kish Island| ]]
[[Category:Landforms of Hormozgan Province]]
[[Category:Special economic zones]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Hormozgan Province]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Iran]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext ) | '{{Short description|Iranian resort island in the Persian Gulf}}
{{distinguish|Qeshm Island}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- Basic info ---------------->| official_name = Kish Island
| other_name = Kish
| native_name = {{lang|fa|جزیرهی کیش}}
| nickname = Pearl of the Persian Gulf
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
| photo2a = 9.harireh.jpg
| photo1a = Kish skyline.jpg
| photo2b = Kish Island amir1.jpg
| photo3a = Dariush Grand Hotel - 2.jpg
| photo3b = Greek Ship of kish amir.jpg
| photo4a = Hoteltoranj.jpg
| size = 280
| spacing = 2
| color = transparent
| border = 0
}}
| image_caption = '''Clockwise from top:'''<br /> Skyline of Kish, Morvarid Bazaar, [[Greek Ship]], Toranj Marine Hotel, [[Dariush Grand Hotel]], [[Harireh]] old city
| settlement_type = <!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)-->
| motto =
| pushpin_map = Iran#Persian Gulf
| pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
| pushpin_map_caption =
| pushpin_relief = yes
| pushpin_mapsize = <!-- Location ------------------>
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[Iran]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Iran|Province]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Hormozgān Province]]
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name2 =
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
| subdivision_type4 =
| subdivision_name4 = <!-- Politics ----------------->
| government_footnotes =
| government_type = [[Iran]]
| leader_title = Head of [[Free-Trade Zone]]
| image_seal =
| leader_name = Gholam-Hossein Muzaffari
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| established_title = <!-- Settled -->
| established_date =
| established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) -->
| established_date2 =
| established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) -->
| established_date3 = <!-- Area --------------------->
| area_magnitude =
| unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_land_km2 = 91.5
| area_water_km2 =
| area_total_sq_mi =
| area_land_sq_mi = 35.3
| area_water_sq_mi =
| area_water_percent =
| area_urban_km2 =
| area_urban_sq_mi =
| area_metro_km2 =
| area_metro_sq_mi =
| area_blank1_title =
| area_blank1_km2 =
| area_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- Population ----------------------->
| population_as_of = 2016
| population_footnotes =
| population_note =
| population_total = 39853
| population_density_km2 =
| population_density_sq_mi =
| population_metro =
| population_density_metro_km2 =
| population_density_metro_sq_mi =
| population_urban =
| population_density_urban_km2 =
| population_density_urban_sq_mi =
| population_blank1_title =
| population_blank1 =
| population_density_blank1_km2 =
| population_density_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- General information --------------->
| timezone = [[Iran Standard Time|IRST]]
| utc_offset = +3:30
| timezone_DST =
| utc_offset_DST =
| coordinates = {{coord|26|32|N|53|58|E|region:IR|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| elevation_ft = <!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
| postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->
| postal_code =
| area_code =
| blank_name =
| blank_info =
| blank1_name =
| blank1_info =
| website = [http://www.kish.ir Kish Free Zone Organization]<br />[http://www.hormozgan.ir Hormozgan Province]
| footnotes =
| name =
| native_name_lang = Farsi
| image_map1 =
}}
'''Kish''' ({{lang-fa|کیش}} {{audio|Kish pronounce.ogg|listen}}, is a {{convert|91.5|km2|mi2|1|adj=on}} [[resort island]] in [[Bandar Lengeh County]], [[Hormozgan Province]], off the southern coast of [[Iran]] in the [[Persian Gulf]]. Owing to its [[free trade zone]] status, the island is touted as a consumer's paradise, with numerous malls, shopping centers, [[tourist attractions]], and resort hotels.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/NISPAcee/UNPAN015616.pdf|title=Building Iran's Software Industry: An Assessment of Plans and Prospects sing the Software Export Success Model |isbn=1904143377|year=2003|publisher=Institute for Development Policy and Management, University of Manchester, UK|author=Brian Nicholson and Sundeep Sahay}}</ref> It has an estimated population of around 140,000 residents and about 12 million visitors annually.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.sirang.com |first=Sirang Rasaneh |title=Kish Island, Hormozgan province - ITTO |url=https://www.itto.org/iran/city/Kish-Island/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=itto.org {{!}} Iran Tourism & Touring}}</ref>
== History ==
{{see also| History of Iran}}
Kish Island has been mentioned in history variously as Kamtina, Arakia ({{lang-grc|Αρακία}}), Arakata, and Ghiss.
In 325 BC, [[Alexander the Great]] commissioned [[Nearchus]] to set off on an expeditionary voyage to the [[Sea of Oman]] and the [[Persian Gulf]]. Nearchus's writings on Arakata contain the first known mention of Kish Island in antiquity.{{ref label|kishhistory|1|a}} When [[Marco Polo]] visited the Imperial court in China, he commented on the Emperor's wife's pearls; he was told that they were from Kish.{{ref label|kishhistory|2|a}}
Throughout much of its history, it was ruled by [[Arab]] merchants, when it was known as Qeys.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_wZWCgAAQBAJ&dq=qeys+island+arab&pg=PA129 | isbn=9781845641351 | title=Traditional Architecture of the Arabian Gulf: Building on Desert Tides | date=10 June 2008 | publisher=WIT Press }}</ref>
In March 2007, the retired FBI agent turned private eye [[Disappearance of Robert Levinson|Robert A. Levinson disappeared]] on Kish Island where he was meeting with an American fugitive known as [[Dawud Salahuddin]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Meier|first=Barry|date=2011-12-09|title=Video Revives Mystery of Missing Former F.B.I. Agent|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/10/world/middleeast/video-shows-robert-levinson-ex-fbi-agent-missing-in-iran.html|access-date=2022-01-20|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
In 2019, the singer [[Joss Stone]] was deported from the island by the Iranian customs. Iranian officials claimed the British singer did not have the proper documentation to enter the country, but Joss Stone claimed the Iranian authorities were afraid a woman singer would perform a public show in the country.<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 July 2019|title=British Singer Joss Stone Says She's Been 'Deported' From Iran|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/british-singer-joss-stone-says-she-s-been-deported-from-iran/30037178.html|access-date=2022-01-20|website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|language=en}}</ref>
== Geography ==
{{see also| Geography of Iran}}
Kish is located in the Persian Gulf, {{convert|19|km|abbr=on}} from mainland Iran, and has an area of approximately {{convert|91|km2|abbr=on}} with an outer boundary of {{convert|40|km|abbr=on}} and a nearly elliptical shape.
===Climate, nature, and geobotany===
Kish is located on a narrow strip of tropical vegetation in the Northern Hemisphere, with the [[Persian plateau]] to the north and the [[Arabian Peninsula]] to the south.
[[File:Jhcfjuhfuvfjhyf.jpg|thumb|Kish's environment]]
===Weather===
Kish has a very dry semi-equatorial climate. Over an 8-year span, the median annual rainfall in Kish was {{convert|145|mm|abbr=on}} (54% in winter, 28% in autumn, and 14% in summer) and the median annual temperature was {{convert|26.6|°C}}. The relative atmospheric humidity in Kish makes it like a sea island except in cold seasons. The humidity is approximately 60% for most of the year. In the months from October to April, Kish's weather is mild, ranging from {{convert|18|°C}} to {{convert|25|°C}}. The statistical data in the Kish [[Free trade zone|free zone]]'s archives shows that the island's temperature varies from very hot to moderately hot, accompanied by relatively high humidity, often interspersed by heavy rains of short durations in certain seasons. With the exception of some southeastern coastal areas and a few other islands in the [[Persian Gulf]], Kish Island has the most sunny hours in the region, roughly 3,100 hours per year. Based on climatological classification and general weather conditions, Kish's proximity to the Tropic of Cancer and its exposure to high tropical pressure systems, as well as its position amidst hot and shallow waters, means the island tends to be hot and humid most of the year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kish.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4734&Site=DouranPortal&Lang=en-US |title=Kish Free Zone Organization – سازمان منطقه آزاد کیش |publisher=Kish.ir |access-date=2010-04-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110117001702/http://kish.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4734&Site=DouranPortal&Lang=en-US |archive-date=2011-01-17 }}</ref>
{{Weather box
| width = auto
| collapsed = yes
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| location = Kish Island (1991–2020)
| Jan record high C = 28.2
| Feb record high C = 31.0
| Mar record high C = 36.0
| Apr record high C = 41.6
| May record high C = 44.0
| Jun record high C = 46.2
| Jul record high C = 46.2
| Aug record high C = 44.5
| Sep record high C = 41.6
| Oct record high C = 40.0
| Nov record high C = 35.4
| Dec record high C = 32.0
| year record high C = 46.2
| Jan high C = 22.8
| Feb high C = 23.8
| Mar high C = 26.5
| Apr high C = 31.3
| May high C = 35.6
| Jun high C = 37.2
| Jul high C = 38.0
| Aug high C = 38.0
| Sep high C = 36.5
| Oct high C = 34.2
| Nov high C = 29.7
| Dec high C = 25.2
| year high C = 31.6
| Jan mean C = 19.2
| Feb mean C = 20.0
| Mar mean C = 22.3
| Apr mean C = 26.1
| May mean C = 29.9
| Jun mean C = 32.0
| Jul mean C = 33.6
| Aug mean C = 34.0
| Sep mean C = 32.4
| Oct mean C = 29.8
| Nov mean C = 25.5
| Dec mean C = 21.4
| year mean C = 27.2
| Jan low C = 16.5
| Feb low C = 17.1
| Mar low C = 19.1
| Apr low C = 22.4
| May low C = 25.7
| Jun low C = 28.0
| Jul low C = 30.3
| Aug low C = 30.9
| Sep low C = 29.1
| Oct low C = 26.3
| Nov low C = 22.3
| Dec low C = 18.6
| year low C = 23.9
| Jan record low C = 9.0
| Feb record low C = 9.8
| Mar record low C = 12.2
| Apr record low C = 16.4
| May record low C = 19.0
| Jun record low C = 24.0
| Jul record low C = 24.8
| Aug record low C = 27.3
| Sep record low C = 23.9
| Oct record low C = 18.0
| Nov record low C = 15.8
| Dec record low C = 12.0
| year record low C = 9.0
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 34.0
| Feb precipitation mm = 21.7
| Mar precipitation mm = 26.2
| Apr precipitation mm = 5.7
| May precipitation mm = 0.4
| Jun precipitation mm = 0.3
| Jul precipitation mm = 1.9
| Aug precipitation mm = 0.1
| Sep precipitation mm = 0.2
| Oct precipitation mm = 2.4
| Nov precipitation mm = 23.1
| Dec precipitation mm = 42.5
| year precipitation mm = 158.5
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 3.1
| Feb precipitation days = 2.2
| Mar precipitation days = 2.8
| Apr precipitation days = 0.9
| May precipitation days = 0.1
| Jun precipitation days = 0.1
| Jul precipitation days = 0.1
| Aug precipitation days = 0.0
| Sep precipitation days = 0.0
| Oct precipitation days = 0.2
| Nov precipitation days = 1.6
| Dec precipitation days = 2.9
| year precipitation days = 14.0
| Jan humidity = 65.0
| Feb humidity = 67.0
| Mar humidity = 68.0
| Apr humidity = 64.0
| May humidity = 63.0
| Jun humidity = 69.0
| Jul humidity = 70.0
| Aug humidity = 71.0
| Sep humidity = 72.0
| Oct humidity = 66.0
| Nov humidity = 60.0
| Dec humidity = 64.0
| year humidity = 66.6
| Jan dew point C = 12.2
| Feb dew point C = 13.3
| Mar dew point C = 15.7
| Apr dew point C = 18.0
| May dew point C = 21.2
| Jun dew point C = 25.1
| Jul dew point C = 27.0
| Aug dew point C = 27.7
| Sep dew point C = 26.3
| Oct dew point C = 22.4
| Nov dew point C = 16.7
| Dec dew point C = 13.9
| year dew point C = 20.0
| Jan sun = 234.0
| Feb sun = 221.0
| Mar sun = 237.0
| Apr sun = 255.0
| May sun = 319.0
| Jun sun = 317.0
| Jul sun = 295.0
| Aug sun = 292.0
| Sep sun = 284.0
| Oct sun = 292.0
| Nov sun = 253.0
| Dec sun = 238.0
| year sun = 3237.0
| source = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]<ref name="WMONormals">{{cite web
|url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/Iran/CSV/KishIsland_40882.csv
|title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Kish Island
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|access-date = January 1, 2024}}</ref>
}}
===Tourist attractions===
{{see also| Tourism in Iran}}
[[File:The Greek Ship.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Greek Ship]]]]
[[File:Kish map.png|300px|thumbnail|right|Kish map]]
[[File:Hoteltoranj.jpg|300px|thumb|Toranj Marine Hotel]]
The Greek Ship is the wreck of a 1943 cargo [[steamship]], the ''Koula F'', on a beach on Kish's southwest coast.<ref name=Clyde>{{cite web |url= http://www.clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=19858 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111219174028/http://clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=19858 |url-status= usurped |archive-date= 19 December 2011 |last1=Cameron |first1=Stuart |last2=Robinson |first2=George |last3=Stewart |first3=Gavin |title=SS Empire Trumpet |work=Clydebuilt Ships Database |access-date=10 April 2013}}</ref> She was originally a British ship, ''Empire Trumpet'', and was built in Scotland.<ref name=Clyde/> In 1966, she ran aground and all attempts to salvage her failed.<ref name=Clyde/> When ''Koula F''{{'}}s crew abandoned her, they set her on fire,{{citation needed|date=April 2013}} and all that remains is her steel hull.
[[File:Dariush(Darius) Grand Hotel - panoramio.jpg|thumb|[[Dariush Grand Hotel]] in Kish]]
== Economy ==
{{See also|Economy of Iran|Communications in Iran|Foreign Direct Investment in Iran}}
Since the mid-1990s, the Iranian government has embarked on an aggressive promotional and developmental campaign to position Kish as a rival to [[Dubai]] and to [[Doha]]. The campaign has included massive construction projects and programs designed to attract foreign investment and trade. Within the area of the ''Kish Free Zone'', as it is known, the standard laws of the Islamic Republic of [[Iran]] are far more relaxed than on the mainland. This has resulted in significant increases in mostly domestic tourism, as well as the abundance of international trade on the island. Kish's population includes significant numbers of both [[Muslims]] and [[Christians]]. In 2009, the total foreign trade of the Kish Free Zone was approximately $9.2 billion per annum.<ref>[http://www.nitc.co.ir/iran-daily/1387/3324/html/economy.htm Iran Daily – Domestic Economy – 01/24/09] {{dead link|date=November 2016}}</ref> Fifteen percent of all imports to Iran are through Kish.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/id/15840232?video=1685918752&play=1 |title=News Headlines |publisher=Cnbc.com |date=2009-02-26 |access-date=2012-03-07}}</ref>
Investment incentives in the Kish [[free trade zone]] include:
* 15 years tax-exemption;
* no entry visa requirement;
* 100% foreign ownership possible;
* flexible monetary & banking services;
* extended legal guarantees & protection.
Besides the existing [[Iranian Oil Bourse]], a new exchange, the [[Kish Stock Exchange]] was inaugurated in 2010 to facilitate [[Foreign Direct Investment in Iran|foreign investment]] and monetary activities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=8910030737 |title=Fars News Agency :: New Stock Exchange Kicks off Work in Southern Iran |publisher=English.farsnews.com |date=2010-12-24 |access-date=2012-03-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314145403/http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=8910030737 |archive-date=2012-03-14 }}</ref>
== Education ==
{{see also|Education in Iran}}
[[File:Kish Island Bird Garden, Persian Gulf, 2014.jpg|thumb|left|Kish Island Bird Garden, 2014]]
[[Sharif University of Technology]]-International Campus-Kish was established in 1995.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About SUTIC-Sharif University of Technology International Campus - Kish Island- WELCOME TO THE INTERNATIONAL CAMPUS OF SHARIF UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY |url=https://kish.ac.ir/IPPWebV1C041/English_WebUI/Templates/WebSiteTemplate1/WebSiteFile80605.aspx |access-date=2022-09-11 |website=kish.ac.ir}}</ref> [[Kish International Campus, University of Tehran]] was established in 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ut.ac.ir/en/contents/Kish-Camps/Kish.International.Campus.html |title="Kish International Campus" |access-date=2012-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617122446/http://ut.ac.ir/en/contents/Kish-Camps/Kish.International.Campus.html |archive-date=2012-06-17 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
To promote the quality and quantity of education, KFZO, the Kish Free Zone Organization, has created educational spaces by building new schools and giving priority to technical and vocational courses. They include:
* Kish Institute of Arts and Sciences (teaching foreign languages);
* Kish Institute of Graph-Rayaneh (teaching computing);
* Parto Institute (teaching English);
* Sadaf Cultural Centre;
* Mir Mohana Cultural Centre;
* Sana'ei Cultural Centre;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kish.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4772&Site=DouranPortal&Lang=en-US|title=Kish Free Zone Organization – سازمان منطقه آزاد کیش|publisher=Kish.ir|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114063326/http://www.kish.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4772&Site=DouranPortal&Lang=en-US|archive-date=2009-01-14|url-status=dead|access-date=2010-04-19}}</ref> and
* [[Kish Institute of Science and Technology]].
== Transportation ==
[[File:McDonnell Douglas MD-82 'EP-LCL' Kish Air (21710460889).jpg|thumb|[[Kish Air]]]]
The connection with Kish is carried out either by sea or by air through Kish airport and Kish port.
[[Kish International Airport]] serves as the entry point for tourists who come to Kish Island.
== Sports ==
{{see also| Sport in Iran}}
[[File:Scuba Diving Kish Island Iran.JPG|thumb|Scuba diving on Kish Island]]
Kish Island hosts the Fajr International Squash Championship, which is part of the [[Professional Squash Association]]'s annual tour. Kish also holds [[Iran's Traditional and Heroic Games Contests]]. Kish is home to a multi-purpose stadium seating 1,200 spectators. Water sports are offered in Kish. Kish Island has hosted the [[2006 Asian Beach Volleyball Championship]].
Kish was host to an officially sanctioned [[FIVB]] beach volleyball event, the Kish Island Open 2016. Qualification rounds at the 2017 [[FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour]] event took place on Kish.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://worldtour.2017.fivb.com/en/432|title = Home - Kish Island}}</ref>
== Major Kish Island projects ==
===International Oil Bourse===
The [[International Oil Bourse]] is a commodity exchange which opened in 2008.
===Ocean Water Park===
[[File:Anaconda 2.jpg|thumb|[[Ocean Water Park]]]]
[[Ocean Water Park]] is a {{convert|5.6|hectare|acre|adj=on}} water park.
===Kish Dolphin Park===
The Dolphin Park is a {{Convert|70|ha|acre|adj=on}} park located at the southeast corner of Kish Island. It is surrounded by over 22,000 palm trees and includes a [[dolphinarium]], [[Butterfly gardening|butterfly garden]], silkworm compound, bird garden, artificial rain forest, volcanic mountain, orchid garden, and cactus garden. The dolphinarium includes the largest man-made pool on the island and it exhibits [[dolphin]]s, [[sea lion]]s, and [[Beluga whale|white whales]].<ref name="dolphinarium"/> The Bird Garden in the park is home to more than 57 species of birds and other animals from around the world, including [[pelican]]s, [[ostrich]]es, [[blue-and-yellow macaw]]s, [[stork]]s, [[toco toucan]]s, [[turaco]]s, [[swan]]s, [[African penguin]]s, and [[marsh crocodile]]s.<ref name="bird garden"/>
===Kish Aquarium===
The Art Center on the island includes an aquarium that displays marine species unique to the Persian Gulf.<ref name="aquarium"/>
==Twin towns – sister cities==
* {{flagicon|MAS}} [[Langkawi]], [[Malaysia]] <small>''(since 2009)''</small>{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}
* {{flagicon|UAE}} [[Dubai]], [[United Arab Emirates]] <small>''(since 2002)''</small>
== See also ==
{{Portal|Iran}}
* [[Bandar Lengeh]]
* [[Chabahar free trade-industrial zone]], another [[free trade zone]] in Iran
* [[Economy of Iran]]
* [[Flower of the East]], a proposed [[hotel rating|luxury]] hotel development on Kish Island
* [[Foreign Direct Investment in Iran]]
* [[Iran airshow]], a semi-regular international airshow held on Kish Island
* [[Kish Air]], a domestic airline serving Kish Island
== Notes ==
{{Reflist |refs=
<ref name="dolphinarium">
{{cite web
|url=http://www.kish.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4474&Site=DouranPortal&Lang=en-US
|title=Dolphin Park Complex
|work=kish.ir
|publisher=Kish Free Zone Organization
|access-date=2 October 2010
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923154805/http://www.kish.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4474&Site=DouranPortal&Lang=en-US
|archive-date=23 September 2010
}}
</ref>
<ref name="bird garden">
{{cite web
|url=http://www.kish.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4475&Site=DouranPortal&Lang=en-US
|title=Bird Garden
|work=kish.ir
|publisher=Kish Free Zone Organization
|access-date=2 October 2010
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718111504/http://www.kish.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4475&Site=DouranPortal&Lang=en-US
|archive-date=18 July 2011
}}
</ref>
<ref name="aquarium">
{{cite web
|url=http://www.kish.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4479&Site=DouranPortal&Lang=en-US
|title=Aquarium
|work=kish.ir
|publisher=Kish Free Zone Organization
|access-date=2 October 2010
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718111531/http://www.kish.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4479&Site=DouranPortal&Lang=en-US
|archive-date=18 July 2011
}}
</ref>
}}
== External links ==
{{Wikivoyage}}
{{Commons category|Kish Island}}
* [http://www.freezones.ir/ Iran Free Zones official website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120209223126/http://kish.ir/ Kish Free Zone Organization]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111128082215/http://tourismiran.ir/ Iran's Official Universal Tourism Portal]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081018185946/http://www.anobanini.ir/travel/fa/hormozgan/cat-116/ Information and Pictures of Kish] (in Persian)
* [http://www.jadidonline.com/story/13122008/frnk/harireh Hamid-Reza Hosseini, ''Findings of Kish'' in Persian]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160108080933/http://knullen.com/gallery3/index.php/Kish-Islan---Iran-The-Consumer-s-aradise More pictures of Kish Island]
{{Hormozgan Province}}
{{Iranian islands in the Persian Gulf}}
{{Kish Island topics}}
[[Category:Arab settlements in Hormozgan Province]]
[[Category:Bandar Lengeh County]]
[[Category:Islands of Iran]]
[[Category:Islands of the Persian Gulf]]
[[Category:Kish Island| ]]
[[Category:Landforms of Hormozgan Province]]
[[Category:Special economic zones]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Hormozgan Province]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Iran]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff ) | '@@ -104,5 +104,5 @@
}}
-'''Kish''' ({{lang-fa|کیش}} {{audio|Kish pronounce.ogg|listen}}, historically known as '''Qeys'''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u4TfAAAAMAAJ&dq=qeys&pg=RA3-PA420 | title=Publications | year=1955 }}</ref>) is a {{convert|91.5|km2|mi2|1|adj=on}} [[resort island]] in [[Bandar Lengeh County]], [[Hormozgan Province]], off the southern coast of [[Iran]] in the [[Persian Gulf]]. Owing to its [[free trade zone]] status, the island is touted as a consumer's paradise, with numerous malls, shopping centers, [[tourist attractions]], and resort hotels.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/NISPAcee/UNPAN015616.pdf|title=Building Iran's Software Industry: An Assessment of Plans and Prospects sing the Software Export Success Model |isbn=1904143377|year=2003|publisher=Institute for Development Policy and Management, University of Manchester, UK|author=Brian Nicholson and Sundeep Sahay}}</ref> It has an estimated population of around 140,000 residents and about 12 million visitors annually.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.sirang.com |first=Sirang Rasaneh |title=Kish Island, Hormozgan province - ITTO |url=https://www.itto.org/iran/city/Kish-Island/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=itto.org {{!}} Iran Tourism & Touring}}</ref>
+'''Kish''' ({{lang-fa|کیش}} {{audio|Kish pronounce.ogg|listen}}, is a {{convert|91.5|km2|mi2|1|adj=on}} [[resort island]] in [[Bandar Lengeh County]], [[Hormozgan Province]], off the southern coast of [[Iran]] in the [[Persian Gulf]]. Owing to its [[free trade zone]] status, the island is touted as a consumer's paradise, with numerous malls, shopping centers, [[tourist attractions]], and resort hotels.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/NISPAcee/UNPAN015616.pdf|title=Building Iran's Software Industry: An Assessment of Plans and Prospects sing the Software Export Success Model |isbn=1904143377|year=2003|publisher=Institute for Development Policy and Management, University of Manchester, UK|author=Brian Nicholson and Sundeep Sahay}}</ref> It has an estimated population of around 140,000 residents and about 12 million visitors annually.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.sirang.com |first=Sirang Rasaneh |title=Kish Island, Hormozgan province - ITTO |url=https://www.itto.org/iran/city/Kish-Island/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=itto.org {{!}} Iran Tourism & Touring}}</ref>
== History ==
' |
New page size (new_size ) | 24699 |
Old page size (old_size ) | 24864 |
Size change in edit (edit_delta ) | -165 |
Lines added in edit (added_lines ) | [
0 => ''''Kish''' ({{lang-fa|کیش}} {{audio|Kish pronounce.ogg|listen}}, is a {{convert|91.5|km2|mi2|1|adj=on}} [[resort island]] in [[Bandar Lengeh County]], [[Hormozgan Province]], off the southern coast of [[Iran]] in the [[Persian Gulf]]. Owing to its [[free trade zone]] status, the island is touted as a consumer's paradise, with numerous malls, shopping centers, [[tourist attractions]], and resort hotels.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/NISPAcee/UNPAN015616.pdf|title=Building Iran's Software Industry: An Assessment of Plans and Prospects sing the Software Export Success Model |isbn=1904143377|year=2003|publisher=Institute for Development Policy and Management, University of Manchester, UK|author=Brian Nicholson and Sundeep Sahay}}</ref> It has an estimated population of around 140,000 residents and about 12 million visitors annually.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.sirang.com |first=Sirang Rasaneh |title=Kish Island, Hormozgan province - ITTO |url=https://www.itto.org/iran/city/Kish-Island/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=itto.org {{!}} Iran Tourism & Touring}}</ref>'
] |
Lines removed in edit (removed_lines ) | [
0 => ''''Kish''' ({{lang-fa|کیش}} {{audio|Kish pronounce.ogg|listen}}, historically known as '''Qeys'''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u4TfAAAAMAAJ&dq=qeys&pg=RA3-PA420 | title=Publications | year=1955 }}</ref>) is a {{convert|91.5|km2|mi2|1|adj=on}} [[resort island]] in [[Bandar Lengeh County]], [[Hormozgan Province]], off the southern coast of [[Iran]] in the [[Persian Gulf]]. Owing to its [[free trade zone]] status, the island is touted as a consumer's paradise, with numerous malls, shopping centers, [[tourist attractions]], and resort hotels.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/NISPAcee/UNPAN015616.pdf|title=Building Iran's Software Industry: An Assessment of Plans and Prospects sing the Software Export Success Model |isbn=1904143377|year=2003|publisher=Institute for Development Policy and Management, University of Manchester, UK|author=Brian Nicholson and Sundeep Sahay}}</ref> It has an estimated population of around 140,000 residents and about 12 million visitors annually.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.sirang.com |first=Sirang Rasaneh |title=Kish Island, Hormozgan province - ITTO |url=https://www.itto.org/iran/city/Kish-Island/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=itto.org {{!}} Iran Tourism & Touring}}</ref>'
] |
All external links added in the edit (added_links ) | [] |
All external links removed in the edit (removed_links ) | [
0 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=u4TfAAAAMAAJ&dq=qeys&pg=RA3-PA420'
] |
All external links in the new text (all_links ) | [
0 => 'https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kish_Island¶ms=26_32_N_53_58_E_region:IR',
1 => 'https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kish_Island¶ms=26_32_N_53_58_E_region:IR_type:city(39853)',
2 => 'http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/NISPAcee/UNPAN015616.pdf',
3 => 'https://www.itto.org/iran/city/Kish-Island/',
4 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=_wZWCgAAQBAJ&dq=qeys+island+arab&pg=PA129',
5 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/10/world/middleeast/video-shows-robert-levinson-ex-fbi-agent-missing-in-iran.html',
6 => 'https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331',
7 => 'https://www.rferl.org/a/british-singer-joss-stone-says-she-s-been-deported-from-iran/30037178.html',
8 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20110117001702/http://kish.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4734&Site=DouranPortal&Lang=en-US',
9 => 'http://www.kish.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4734&Site=DouranPortal&Lang=en-US',
10 => 'https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/Iran/CSV/KishIsland_40882.csv',
11 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20111219174028/http://clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=19858',
12 => 'http://www.nitc.co.ir/iran-daily/1387/3324/html/economy.htm',
13 => 'https://www.cnbc.com/id/15840232?video=1685918752&play=1',
14 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20120314145403/http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=8910030737',
15 => 'http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=8910030737',
16 => 'https://kish.ac.ir/IPPWebV1C041/English_WebUI/Templates/WebSiteTemplate1/WebSiteFile80605.aspx',
17 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20120617122446/http://ut.ac.ir/en/contents/Kish-Camps/Kish.International.Campus.html',
18 => 'http://www.ut.ac.ir/en/contents/Kish-Camps/Kish.International.Campus.html',
19 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20090114063326/http://www.kish.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4772&Site=DouranPortal&Lang=en-US',
20 => 'http://www.kish.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4772&Site=DouranPortal&Lang=en-US',
21 => 'http://worldtour.2017.fivb.com/en/432',
22 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20100923154805/http://www.kish.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4474&Site=DouranPortal&Lang=en-US',
23 => 'http://www.kish.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4474&Site=DouranPortal&Lang=en-US',
24 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20110718111504/http://www.kish.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4475&Site=DouranPortal&Lang=en-US',
25 => 'http://www.kish.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4475&Site=DouranPortal&Lang=en-US',
26 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20110718111531/http://www.kish.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4479&Site=DouranPortal&Lang=en-US',
27 => 'http://www.kish.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4479&Site=DouranPortal&Lang=en-US',
28 => 'http://www.kish.ir/',
29 => 'http://www.hormozgan.ir/',
30 => 'http://www.freezones.ir/',
31 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20120209223126/http://kish.ir/',
32 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20111128082215/http://tourismiran.ir/',
33 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20081018185946/http://www.anobanini.ir/travel/fa/hormozgan/cat-116/',
34 => 'http://www.jadidonline.com/story/13122008/frnk/harireh',
35 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20160108080933/http://knullen.com/gallery3/index.php/Kish-Islan---Iran-The-Consumer-s-aradise'
] |
Links in the page, before the edit (old_links ) | [
0 => 'http://www.jadidonline.com/story/13122008/frnk/harireh',
1 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20160108080933/http://knullen.com/gallery3/index.php/Kish-Islan---Iran-The-Consumer-s-aradise',
2 => 'http://www.freezones.ir/',
3 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20081018185946/http://www.anobanini.ir/travel/fa/hormozgan/cat-116/',
4 => 'http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/NISPAcee/UNPAN015616.pdf',
5 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20110117001702/http://kish.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4734&Site=DouranPortal&Lang=en-US',
6 => 'http://www.kish.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4734&Site=DouranPortal&Lang=en-US',
7 => 'http://www.nitc.co.ir/iran-daily/1387/3324/html/economy.htm',
8 => 'https://www.cnbc.com/id/15840232?video=1685918752&play=1',
9 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20120314145403/http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=8910030737',
10 => 'http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=8910030737',
11 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20090114063326/http://www.kish.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4772&Site=DouranPortal&Lang=en-US',
12 => 'http://www.kish.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4772&Site=DouranPortal&Lang=en-US',
13 => 'http://worldtour.2017.fivb.com/en/432',
14 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20100923154805/http://www.kish.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4474&Site=DouranPortal&Lang=en-US',
15 => 'http://www.kish.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4474&Site=DouranPortal&Lang=en-US',
16 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20110718111504/http://www.kish.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4475&Site=DouranPortal&Lang=en-US',
17 => 'http://www.kish.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4475&Site=DouranPortal&Lang=en-US',
18 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20110718111531/http://www.kish.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4479&Site=DouranPortal&Lang=en-US',
19 => 'http://www.kish.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4479&Site=DouranPortal&Lang=en-US',
20 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20111219174028/http://clydesite.co.uk/clydebuilt/viewship.asp?id=19858',
21 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20120209223126/http://kish.ir/',
22 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20111128082215/http://tourismiran.ir/',
23 => 'http://www.kish.ir/',
24 => 'http://www.hormozgan.ir/',
25 => 'https://www.rferl.org/a/british-singer-joss-stone-says-she-s-been-deported-from-iran/30037178.html',
26 => 'https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/10/world/middleeast/video-shows-robert-levinson-ex-fbi-agent-missing-in-iran.html',
27 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20120617122446/http://ut.ac.ir/en/contents/Kish-Camps/Kish.International.Campus.html',
28 => 'http://www.ut.ac.ir/en/contents/Kish-Camps/Kish.International.Campus.html',
29 => 'https://kish.ac.ir/IPPWebV1C041/English_WebUI/Templates/WebSiteTemplate1/WebSiteFile80605.aspx',
30 => 'https://www.itto.org/iran/city/Kish-Island/',
31 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=u4TfAAAAMAAJ&dq=qeys&pg=RA3-PA420',
32 => 'https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331',
33 => 'https://books.google.com/books?id=_wZWCgAAQBAJ&dq=qeys+island+arab&pg=PA129',
34 => 'https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kish_Island¶ms=26_32_N_53_58_E_region:IR',
35 => 'https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kish_Island¶ms=26_32_N_53_58_E_region:IR_type:city(39853)',
36 => 'https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/Iran/CSV/KishIsland_40882.csv'
] |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node ) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp ) | '1709527936' |