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'{{short description|Number referring to cannabis}} {{pp-pc1}} {{pp-move-indef}} {{pp-pc|small=yes}} {{Use mdy dates|date=April 2019}} {{Use American English|date=April 2023}} <!--Please note: this article is about how the number 420 relates to marijuana culture. If you have come here to add information about the Columbine High School murders, Adolf Hitler's birthday, or to add an example of appearances of "420" in popular culture, please know that such content is irrelevant to this topic. Additions to this article should relate to the topic of the number 420 in cannabis culture.--> {{Infobox holiday |holiday_name = 420 <br /><small>originally "4:20 Louis"</small> |type = secular |image = Louis Pasteur statue, San Rafael High School (crop).jpg |imagesize = |caption = Statue of [[Louis Pasteur]] at [[San Rafael High School]], by [[Benny Bufano]] (1940),<ref>{{cite web|title=Daily Independent Journal from San Rafael, California|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/71688761/|access-date=April 22, 2017|date=November 20, 1954}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Chronicle|first1=San Francisco|title=The San Francisco Chronicle Reader|publisher=McGraw-Hill|url=https://archive.org/details/sanfranciscochro00sanf|url-access=registration|access-date=April 22, 2017|language=en|year=1962}}</ref> site of the earliest 4:20 gatherings in 1971 |official_name = |nickname = |observedby = [[Cannabis (drug)|Cannabis]] [[counterculture]], [[Legality of cannabis|legal reformers]], [[Religious and spiritual use of cannabis|entheogenic spiritualists]], and general users of cannabis |date = 4:20 p.m./April 20 |observances = [[Cannabis consumption]], traditionally [[cannabis smoking]], [[Cannabis dispensaries in the United States|dispensary]] discounts |relatedto = |significance = Time/date to celebrate cannabis |frequency = Daily, annually }} '''420''', '''4:20''' or '''4/20''' (pronounced '''four-twenty''') is [[cannabis culture]] slang for [[Cannabis consumption|marijuana and hashish consumption]], especially [[Cannabis smoking|smoking]] around the time 4:20 p.m. (16:20). It also refers to [[Cannabis (drug)|cannabis]]-oriented celebrations that take place annually on April 20 (4/20 in [[Date and time notation in the United States|U.S.]] date form).<ref name=UCSC>{{cite web |url=http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/archive/2007/April/24/local/stories/08local.htm |title=Thousands at UCSC burn one to mark cannabis holiday |first=Matt |last=King |date=April 24, 2007 |work=[[Santa Cruz Sentinel]] |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070426081319/http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/archive/2007/April/24/local/stories/08local.htm |archive-date = April 26, 2007}}</ref><ref name="McCoy 2014">{{cite news | last=McCoy | first=Terrence | title=The strange story of how the pot holiday '4/20' got its name | newspaper=The Washington Post | date=2014-04-18 | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/04/18/the-strange-story-of-how-the-pot-holiday-420-got-its-name/ | access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> ==Origins== In 1971, five high school students in [[San Rafael, California]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2000/04/20/MN101165.DTL|title=Stoner Chic Traces Origin To San Rafael – Snickering high schoolers brought '420' into lexicon |work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] |access-date=April 4, 2012|date=April 20, 2000 }}</ref><ref name=NYT2009>{{cite news|first=Jesse|last=McKinley|title=Marijuana Advocates Point to Signs of Change|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/20/us/20marijuana.html |work=The New York Times|date=April 19, 2009|access-date=January 23, 2011 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101218011241/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/20/us/20marijuana.html| archive-date=December 18, 2010| url-status= live}}</ref> used the term "4:20" in connection with a plan to search for an abandoned cannabis crop, based on a [[treasure map]] made by the grower.<ref name=HuffPost2010>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/04/20/420-meaning-the-true-stor_n_543854.html|title=420 Meaning: The True Story Of How April 20 Became 'Weed Day'|work=The Huffington Post|date=April 20, 2010|access-date=January 23, 2011|first=Ryan|last=Grim|author-link=Ryan Grim}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Bay-Area-originators-of-420-term-marijuana-7255771.php|date=April 20, 2016|title=Local originators of term 420 solve 45-year-old mystery|author=Alyssa Pereira|newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle}}</ref> Calling themselves the Waldos,<ref name="Times2012">{{cite book|author=High Times|title=The Official High Times Cannabis Cookbook: More Than 50 Irresistible Recipes That Will Get You High|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W-vas6K75YYC&pg=PA97|access-date=April 19, 2012|year=2012|publisher=Chronicle Books|isbn=978-1-4521-0133-0|pages=97–}}</ref><ref name="WSJ2012">{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303425504577354021179378292|title=High Expectations: Marketers Hope for Buzz on 4/20|date=April 20, 2012|work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref> because their typical hang-out spot "was a wall outside the school",<ref name=HuffPost2009>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/04/20/what-420-means-the-true-s_n_188320.html|title=What 420 Means: The True Story Behind Stoners' Favorite Number|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|date=April 20, 2009|access-date=January 23, 2011|first=Ryan|last=Grim|author-link=Ryan Grim|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140130014421/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/04/20/what-420-means-the-true-s_n_188320.html|archive-date=January 30, 2014}}</ref> the five students—Steve Capper, Dave Reddix, Jeffrey Noel, Larry Schwartz, and Mark Gravich<ref name="time_What">{{Cite magazine| title = What the Guys Who Coined '420' Think About Their Place in Marijuana History| author = Olivia B. Waxman| magazine = Time| date = April 19, 2017| access-date = April 20, 2017| url = http://time.com/4739364/marijuana-420-day-inventors/| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170420013416/http://time.com/4739364/marijuana-420-day-inventors/| archive-date = April 20, 2017}}</ref>—designated the [[Louis Pasteur]] statue<ref>Statue by [[Beniamino Bufano]], {{cite web|url=https://newdealartregistry.org/artist/BufanoBeniamino/#|title=Louis Pasteur – 1940|publisher=New Deal Art Registry|access-date=November 16, 2018}}</ref> on the grounds of [[San Rafael High School]] as their meeting place, and 4:20 p.m. as their meeting time.<ref name=HuffPost2009 /> The Waldos referred to this plan with the phrase "4:20 Louis". After several failed attempts to find the crop, the group eventually shortened their phrase to "4:20", which ultimately evolved into a code-word the teens used to refer to consuming cannabis.<ref name=HuffPost2010/> [[Steven Hager]] of ''[[High Times]]'' popularized the story of the Waldos.<ref name="Edison2009">{{cite book |author-link=Mike Edison |last=Edison|first=Mike|title=I Have Fun Everywhere I Go: Savage Tales of Pot, Porn, Punk Rock, Pro Wrestling, Talking Apes, Evil Bosses, Dirty Blues, American Heroes, and the Most Notorious Magazines in the World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y9lMGpb0HD4C&pg=PA207|access-date=April 20, 2013|year=2009|publisher=Faber & Faber|isbn=978-0-86547-903-6|pages=207–}}</ref> The first ''High Times'' mention of 4:20 smoking and a 4/20 holiday appeared in May 1991<ref>[http://big.assets.huffingtonpost.com/First420story.jpg "Wake 'n' Bake!"]</ref> and erroneously attributed the origin of the term to a police code; this and other spurious incorrect origin stories became common.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/420/ | title=The Origins of 420 | date=September 14, 2002 }}</ref> The connection to the Waldos appeared in December 1998. Hager attributed the early spread of the phrase to [[Deadhead|Grateful Dead followers]]<ref name="dead"/>—after "Waldo" Reddix became a [[Road crew|roadie]] for the [[Grateful Dead]]'s bassist, [[Phil Lesh]]<ref name="time_What" />—and called for 4:20 p.m. to be the socially accepted time of the day to consume cannabis.<ref name="dead">{{cite web|url=http://hightimes.com/entertainment/ht_admin/834|title=Stoner Smart, or Stoner Stupid?|work=High Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514155600/http://hightimes.com/entertainment/ht_admin/834|archive-date=May 14, 2012|access-date=April 20, 2012|date=August 2002}}</ref> Another San Rafael group claims to have originated the term before the Waldos.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Bay Area origins of '420' are full of controversy|author=Lester Black|website=[[SFGATE]]|publisher=Hearst Communications|date=April 17, 2023|url=https://www.sfgate.com/cannabis/article/420-bay-area-origins-controversy-17897296.php}}</ref> ==International observance of April 20== [[File:Vancouver Canada 2012 April 20 crowd.jpg|thumb|Vancouver, April 20, 2012]] [[April 20]] has become an international [[counterculture]] [[holiday]] based on the celebration and consumption of cannabis.<ref name=UCSC /><ref name="hightimes.com">{{cite web |url=http://hightimes.com/read/power-420 |title=The power of 420 |last1=Halnon |first1=Karen Bettez |date=April 11, 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513011500/http://hightimes.com/read/power-420 |archive-date=May 13, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cannabis.shoutwiki.com/wiki/420_event_lists|title=420 event lists}}</ref> Events typically advocate for cannabis [[Drug liberalization|liberalization]] and [[Legality of cannabis|legalization]]. [[Vivian McPeak]], a founder of Seattle's [[Seattle Hempfest|Hempfest]], states that 4/20 is "half celebration and half call to action".<ref name="nyp1">{{cite news|title=How marijuana's high holiday came to be|url=https://nypost.com/2017/04/20/how-marijuanas-high-holiday-came-to-be/|newspaper=New York Post|access-date=April 22, 2017|date=April 20, 2017}}</ref> Paul Birch calls it a global movement and suggests that one cannot stop events like these.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gayle|first1=Damien|title=Thousands of cannabis users roll up in Hyde Park for annual 4/20 event|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2015/apr/19/thousands-cannabis-users-hyde-park-annual-420-event-end-prohibition|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=April 22, 2017|date=April 19, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227133922/https://www.theguardian.com/society/2015/apr/19/thousands-cannabis-users-hyde-park-annual-420-event-end-prohibition|archive-date=February 27, 2017}}</ref> Many marijuana users protest in [[civil disobedience]] by [[Smoke-in|gathering in public to smoke]] at 4:20 p.m.<ref>{{cite news|title=Marijuana's big day is here: '420' celebrations ready to roll|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2017/04/19/marijuanas-big-day-here-420-celebrations-ready-roll/100663642/|newspaper=USA Today|access-date=April 22, 2017|language=en}}</ref> As marijuana continues to be decriminalized and legalized around the world, cannabis activist [[Steve DeAngelo]] notes that "even if our activist work were complete, 420 morphs from a statement of conscience to a celebration of acceptance, a celebration of victory, a celebration of our amazing connection with this plant" which "will always be worthy of celebration".<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Does 4/20 Still Matter?|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/features/does-420-still-matter-w477104|magazine=Rolling Stone|access-date=April 22, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Annual 420 pot rally will be more celebration than protest: Organizers|url=http://www.torontosun.com/2016/04/17/annual-420-pot-rally-will-be-more-celebration-than-protest-organizers|newspaper=Toronto Sun|access-date=April 22, 2017}}</ref>{{clear left}} ===In North America=== North American observances have been held at many locations, including: *[[New York City]]: [[Washington Square Park]] in [[Manhattan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ny.curbed.com/2010/4/21/10515924/washington-square-gets-its-grit-back-on-420-day|title=Washington Square Gets Its Grit Back on 420 Day|last=Davies|first=Pete|date=April 21, 2010|work=[[Curbed]] NY|access-date=January 7, 2018}}</ref> *[[Boston]]: [[Boston Common]]<ref>{{Citation|last=Reed|first=Matt|title=Boston celebrates 4/20|date=2018-04-20|url=https://www.wcvb.com/article/boston-celebrates-4-20/19876737|language=en|access-date=2021-04-20}}</ref> *[[San Francisco]]: "[[Hippie Hill]]" in [[Golden Gate Park]] near the [[Haight-Ashbury]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sfcitizen.com/blog/2010/04/20/a-huge-turn-out-for-420-day-on-hippie-hill-in-san-franciscos-golden-gate-park/|title=A Huge Turn Out for 420 Day on Hippie Hill in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park " San Francisco Citizen |publisher=Sfcitizen.com|date=April 20, 2010|access-date=April 20, 2011| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110430000040/http://sfcitizen.com/blog/2010/04/20/a-huge-turn-out-for-420-day-on-hippie-hill-in-san-franciscos-golden-gate-park/| archive-date= April 30, 2011 | url-status= live}}</ref> *[[Santa Cruz, California|Santa Cruz]]: [[Porter College]] meadows at the [[University of California, Santa Cruz]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.santacruzsentinel.com/students-mark-420-at-uc-santa-cruz|title=Students mark 420 at UC Santa Cruz|date=2019-04-21|website=Santa Cruz Sentinel|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abc7news.com/5261194/|title=Pot enthusiasts in Santa Cruz prepare for 4/20 toker tradition|last=Amanda del Castillo|date=2019-04-20|website=ABC7 San Francisco|language=en|access-date=2020-04-23}}</ref> *[[Washington, D.C.]]: [[National Mall]], [[United States Capitol]]<ref>{{cite news|first=Perry|last=Stein|title=D.C. residents and activists light up on the National Mall for 4/20|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=April 20, 2015|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/local/wp/2015/04/20/d-c-residents-and-activists-light-up-on-the-national-mall-for-420/|access-date=April 20, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Jessica|last=Estepa|title=D.C. activists to hand out joints near U.S. Capitol on 4/20|work=[[USA Today]]|date=April 19, 2017|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2017/04/19/dc-activists-hand-out-joints-near-capitol/100659498/|access-date=April 20, 2022}}</ref> *[[Vancouver]]: The [[Vancouver Art Gallery]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.straight.com/news/680806/marijuana-protest-planned-vancouver-art-gallery-despite-420-moving-sunset-beach|title=Marijuana protest planned for the Vancouver Art Gallery despite 4/20 moving to Sunset Beach|date=April 19, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://wiki4weed.com/archive/thousands-marijuana-smokers-gather-vancouver-celebrate-420/|title=Thousands of marijuana smokers gather in Vancouver to celebrate "420"|last=Hall|first=Neal|date=May 2, 2009|work=[[The Vancouver Sun]]|access-date=September 30, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910092757/http://wiki4weed.com/archive/thousands-marijuana-smokers-gather-vancouver-celebrate-420/|archive-date=September 10, 2014}}</ref> and [[Sunset Beach (Vancouver)|Sunset Beach]] between 2016 and 2019.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/4-20-pot-rally-vancouver-1.3545092|title=4/20 pot rally draws tens of thousands in Vancouver|last=Johnson|first=Lisa|date=April 20, 2016|work=CBC News|access-date=April 20, 2016}}</ref> *[[Montréal]]: Le [[Mont Royal]] [[George-Étienne Cartier Monument]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.samesun.com/blog/420-day-cannabis-festival/|title=420 Day – Cannabis Festival|publisher=samesun.com Samesun Nation Travel Blog|access-date=April 20, 2011|archive-date=October 22, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022101515/http://www.samesun.com/blog/420-day-cannabis-festival/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newswire.ca/en/releases/archive/April2011/19/c5308.html|title=Canada's marijuana activists unite against American-style drug laws – 420 vote mobs to be held in over 10 cities across Canada on April 20th|publisher=newswire.ca CNW Group|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120907092316/http://www.newswire.ca/en/releases/archive/April2011/19/c5308.html|archive-date=September 7, 2012|access-date=April 20, 2011}}</ref> *[[Denver]]: [[Civic Center, Denver|Civic Center Park]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theknow.denverpost.com/2018/03/08/mile-high-420-festival-lineup-2018/178800/|title=Denver's new Mile High 420 Festival announces all-star lineup " Denver Post|date=March 8, 2018|publisher=denverpost.com|access-date=March 14, 2018|archive-date=November 20, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120221231/https://theknow.denverpost.com/2018/03/08/mile-high-420-festival-lineup-2018/178800/}}</ref> *[[Ottawa]]: [[Parliament Hill]] and [[Major's Hill Park]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cnews.canoe.ca/CNEWS/Canada/2009/04/19/9165666-sun.html |title=Pot activists to light up on Hill |publisher=Cnews.canoe.ca |access-date=April 20, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120712204535/http://cnews.canoe.ca/CNEWS/Canada/2009/04/19/9165666-sun.html |archive-date=July 12, 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/290409 |title=Ottawa's Parliament Hill just one site for planned 4/20 protest |publisher=Digitaljournal.com |access-date=April 20, 2011| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110511102321/http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/290409| archive-date= May 11, 2011 | url-status= live|date=April 11, 2010 }}</ref> * [[Edmonton]]: The [[Alberta Legislature Building]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edmontonsun.com/2013/04/20/hundreds-of-tokers-flood-alberta-legislature-in-protest-to-push-for-legalization-of-marijuana|title=Hundreds of Tokers Flood Alberta Legislature in Protest to Push for Legalization of Marijuana|access-date=April 22, 2013|date=April 21, 2013}}</ref> *[[Boulder, Colorado|Boulder]]: campus of the [[University of Colorado Boulder]]<ref name="NYT2009" /><ref name="autogenerated1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20080728060041/http://www.dailycamera.com/news/2008/apr/20/cus-420-pot-smoke-out-draws-10000/ CU's 4/20 pot smoke-out draws crowd of 10,000 : CU News].</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailycamera.com/archivesearch/ci_14855977?IADID=Search-www.dailycamera.com-www.dailycamera.com#axzz0lJwVBnxu|title=Medical marijuana expected to give momentum to CU-Boulder 4/20 event – Boulder Daily Camera|publisher=Dailycamera.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430022905/http://www.dailycamera.com/archivesearch/ci_14855977?IADID=Search-www.dailycamera.com-www.dailycamera.com|archive-date=April 30, 2011|url-status=live|access-date=April 20, 2011|date=April 9, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-420-explained-20170420-story.html|title=How 4/20 ... grew ... into a 'holiday'|last1=Johnson|first1=Gene|website=chicagotribune.com|date=April 20, 2017 |access-date=April 22, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.denverpost.com/2017/04/19/denver-420-trump-era/|title=Denver 420 event will be a mix of marijuana politics and celebration|access-date=April 22, 2017|date=April 19, 2017}}</ref> *[[Toronto]]: [[Nathan Phillips Square]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/4156770/4-20-celebration-nathan-phillips-square/|title=4/20 celebrations take place at Nathan Phillips Square without permit|access-date=April 20, 2020|date=April 20, 2018}}</ref> and [[Yonge-Dundas Square]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/3391063/thousands-expected-to-attend-toronto-420-marijuana-rally-at-yonge-dundas-square/|title=Thousands expected to attend Toronto 4/20 marijuana rally at Yonge-Dundas Square|access-date=April 20, 2020|date=April 20, 2017}}</ref> *[[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]: campus of the [[University of California, Berkeley]] on the Memorial Glade north of the [[Doe Memorial Library]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.berkeleyside.com/2016/04/21/photos-100s-turn-up-chill-out-for-420-day-on-cal-campus|title=Photos: 100s turn up, chill out for 420 day on Cal campus|access-date=October 22, 2020|date=April 21, 2016}}</ref> *[[Mexico City]]: [[Mexican Senate]] under the slogan Planton 420.<ref>{{cite web|title=#Plantón420 Has Been Camping Outside the Mexican Senate For a Month|date=March 6, 2020|url=https://hightimes.com/news/planton420-camping-outside-mexican-senate-month/}}</ref> *[[Ann Arbor]]: [[Hash Bash]] *[[St. Louis, Missouri]]: Loop 420 Fest at [[Delmar Loop]] ([[University City, Missouri|University City]])<ref>{{cite news|title=Photos: St. Louis celebrates first '4/20 Day' since recreational marijuana became legal in Missouri |author=David Carson |author2=Christine Tannous|newspaper= St. Louis Post-Dispatch|date=April 20, 2023|url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/photos-st-louis-celebrates-first-4-20-since-recreational-marijuana-became-legal/collection_8deae7d0-dfd2-11ed-8612-2fd8750aaa9e.html}}</ref> === In Australia === Australian observances have been held at many locations, over many years, including: *"Who Are We Hurting?" – [[Sydney central business district|Sydney City]]: [[Martin Place]], [[New South Wales|NSW]] (2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://10daily.com.au/news/a190419yas/a-giant-cannabis-plant-was-put-up-at-martin-place-overnight-heres-why-20190419|title=A Giant Cannabis Plant Was Put Up At Martin Place Overnight, Here's Why|date=2019-04-19|website=10 daily|language=en-AU|access-date=2019-10-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Collective |first=Craze |date=2019-04-20 |title=A Giant Cannabis Plant Was Put Up At Martin Place Overnight, Here's Why |url=https://crazeco.com.au/blog-a-giant-cannabis-plant-was-put-up-at-martin-place-overnight-heres-why/ |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=Craze Collective |language=en-AU}}</ref> *420 Picnic 2019 – [[Melbourne]], [[Victoria (Australia)|VIC]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/environment/thousands-gather-for-weed-day-in-melbourne-20170420-4t5jb.html|title=Thousands gather for 'Weed Day' in Melbourne|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=April 21, 2017 |language=en|access-date=2019-10-23}}</ref> *"Who Are We Hurting?" – [[Sydney]][[Kings Cross, New South Wales|, NSW]] (2018)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dopamine.net.au/cannabis-plants-sydney-cbd-420-2018/|title=Artists hide 'cannabis plants' around Sydney CBD for 420 protest|last=Dopamine|date=2018-04-19|website=Dopamine|language=en-AU|access-date=2019-10-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mashable.com/2018/04/19/marijuana-plants-hidden-420/|title=Marijuana plants hidden in plain sight for 4/20 stunt|last=Connellan|first=Shannon|website=Mashable|date=April 20, 2018|language=en|access-date=2019-10-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://junkee.com/420-weed-cannabis-sydney/155337|title=Happy 4/20: Activists Have Hidden Weed Plants All Around Sydney|date=2018-04-20|website=Junkee|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.beat.com.au/these-two-weapons-covered-sydney-in-cannabis-plants-to-celebrate-4-20/|title=These two weapons covered Sydney in 'cannabis plants' to celebrate 4/20|date=2018-04-20|website=Beat Magazine|language=en-AU|access-date=2019-10-23}}</ref> *"Who Are We Hurting?" – [[Sydney central business district|Sydney City]]: [[Kings Cross, New South Wales|Kings Cross]], [[New South Wales|NSW]] (2017)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pedestrian.tv/news/some-blaze-lord-put-a-hydroponic-weed-pop-up-in-sydneys-kings-x-for-420/|title=Some Blaze Lord Put A Hydroponic Weed Pop-Up In Sydney's Kings X For 4/20|date=2017-04-20|website=Pedestrian TV|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.broadsheet.com.au/sydney/city-file/article/cannabis-shop-appears-kings-cross|title=A Public Cannabis Nursery Appears in Kings Cross|website=Broadsheet|language=en|access-date=2019-10-23}}</ref> *Happy Birthday Weed Craze Collective- 2016 – [[City of Sydney|Sydney, NSW]]<ref>{{Citation |title=Hyjak – Mother Natures Gift MUSIC VIDEO – #Superbong does 420 #Whoarewehurting? | date=April 21, 2016 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5RaWOjHN_sY |language=en |access-date=2022-09-09}}</ref> * 420 Protest at [[Sydney Town Hall]] by Jesse Willesee – 2015 <ref>{{cite AV media |title=420 Protest At Sydney Town Hall |publisher=PEDESTRIAN.TV |via=YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w-rK7xcofLQ |language=en |access-date=2022-09-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=Briana Domjen |author2=Annette Sharp |date=April 22, 2014 |newspaper=Daily Telegraph |title=Jesse Willesee joins the 420 pro-marijuana movement with a smoking session outside Parliament House |url=https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/entertainment/sydney-confidential/jesse-willesee-joins-the-420-promarijuana-movement-with-a-smoking-session-outside-parliament-house/news-story/774d2386b1480bac26ee9822de1ab6f6}}</ref> ===Elsewhere=== Events have also been held in [[Hyde Park, London|Hyde Park]] in [[London]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/apr/21/thousands-roll-up-420-cannabis-picnic-londons-hyde-park|title=Police make 20 arrests at cannabis picnic in London's Hyde Park|last=Gayle|first=Damien|date=April 21, 2016|website=the Guardian|access-date=May 5, 2016}}</ref> and [[Dunedin]], New Zealand, at the [[University of Otago]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.odt.co.nz/on-campus/university-otago/9276/police-swoop-cannabis-protest|title=Police swoop on cannabis protest|last=Porteous|first=Debbie |date=June 12, 2008|work=Otago Daily Times|access-date=March 31, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=420 Protest|url=http://www.ch9.co.nz/node/7704|date=February 22, 2008|work=Channel 9 News Dunedin|access-date=October 7, 2008| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081022143006/http://ch9.co.nz/node/7704| archive-date= October 22, 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.odt.co.nz/on-campus/university-otago/12872/campus-arrests-follow-marijuana-complaints|title=Campus arrests follow marijuana complaints (+ video)|last=Porteous|first=Debbie |date=July 11, 2008|work=Otago Daily Times|access-date=April 22, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/24064/moore039s-appeal-rejected|title=Moore's appeal rejected|last=Rudd|first=Allison |date=September 26, 2008|work=Otago Daily Times|access-date=April 22, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.odt.co.nz/on-campus/university-otago/14321/lack-quorum-foils-cannabis-vote|title=Lack of quorum foils cannabis vote|last=Rudd|first=Allison |date=July 22, 2008|work=Otago Daily Times|access-date=April 22, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/23171/ousa-general-meeting-promises-controversy|title=OUSA general meeting promises controversy|last=Rudd|first=Allison |date=September 20, 2008|work=Otago Daily Times|access-date=April 22, 2009}}</ref> In [[Ljubljana]], [[Slovenia]], the University of Ljubljana's student organization has carried out several annual cannabis-themed protests that have contributed to the debate on cannabis status in Slovenia and the subsequent legislation proposals in 2018 by gathering responses from various political parties in Slovenia and ranking them accordingly.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://marihuanamars.si/2019/03/14/politicni-semafor/|title=Politični Semafor|date=March 20, 2018|website=marihuanamars|access-date=February 3, 2018|archive-date=September 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926041047/http://marihuanamars.si/2019/03/14/politicni-semafor/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rtvslo.si/slovenija/bo-konoplja-kmalu-legalizirana/445222|title=Bo konoplja kmalu legalizirana?|last=Ma|first=Al|date=February 2, 2018|website=RTVSLO|access-date=February 3, 2018}}</ref> In [[Northern Cyprus]], known for strict drug laws and intolerance to cannabis consumption,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.detaykibris.com/iste-kktcnin-uyusturucu-raporu-84360h.htm|title=İşte KKTC'nin uyuşturucu raporu|date=June 29, 2015|website=detaykibris|access-date=April 19, 2019}}</ref> the first 420 event was held in the capital city [[North Nicosia|Lefkoşa]] in 2015. On April 20, 2017, a small group of protesters carried out an event near the parliament building and made a public statement, demanding the legalization of cannabis sale, consumption, and production with state regulations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.yeniduzen.com/hint-keneviri-serbesiyeti-talep-edildi-88920h.htm|title=Meclis önünde 'Elini Otumdan Çek' eylemi|date=April 20, 2017|website=yeniduzen|access-date=April 13, 2019}}</ref> ==Other effects== {{Cannabis sidebar}} ===Traffic safety=== Despite two studies reporting a supposed increase in the risk of [[Traffic collision|fatal motor vehicle crashes]] on April 20,<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Staples|first1=John A.|last2=Redelmeier|first2=Donald A.|title=The April 20 Cannabis Celebration and Fatal Traffic Crashes in the United States|journal=[[JAMA Internal Medicine]]|date=2018|volume=178|issue=4|pages=569–572|doi=10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.8298|pmid=29435568|pmc=5876802| issn=2168-6106 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vandoros |first1=Sotiris |last2=Kawachi |first2=Ichiro |title=The relative risk of motor vehicle collision on cannabis celebration day in Great Britain |journal=Accident Analysis & Prevention |date=July 2019 |volume=128 |pages=248–252 |doi=10.1016/j.aap.2019.02.013 |pmid=30902341 |s2cid=85457198 |url=https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/ws/files/107744781/420_accepted_version.pdf }}</ref> further investigation and analysis found the evidence did not support such claims.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Harper|first1=Sam|last2=Palayew|first2=Adam|date=2019-01-29|title=The annual cannabis holiday and fatal traffic crashes|journal=Injury Prevention|volume=25|issue=5|pages=433–437|language=en|doi=10.1136/injuryprev-2018-043068|pmid=30696698|s2cid=59413349|issn=1353-8047|url=http://osf.io/tzcsy/}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Aydelotte |first1=Jayson D. |last2=Mardock |first2=Alexandra L. |last3=Teixeira |first3=Pedro G. |last4=Brown |first4=Lawrence H. |title=Re-examining the Association Between '4/20' and Fatal Crashes—Doobie-ous Data? |journal=JAMA Internal Medicine |date=1 November 2018 |volume=178 |issue=11 |pages=1565 |doi=10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.5856 |pmid=30398555 |s2cid=53223889 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Staples |first1=John A. |last2=Redelmeier |first2=Donald A. |title=Association Between April 20 Cannabis Celebration and Fatal Crashes |journal=JAMA Internal Medicine |date=1 March 2019 |volume=179 |issue=3 |pages=456 |doi=10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.8094 |pmid=30715145 |s2cid=73432259 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Staples |first1=John A |last2=Redelmeier |first2=Donald A |title=Crashes on cannabis celebration day |journal=Injury Prevention |date=October 2019 |volume=25 |issue=5 |pages=476–477 |doi=10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043262 |pmid=31302609 |s2cid=196618121 }}</ref> ===Stolen signs=== {{Further|Street sign theft}} In the US, signs bearing the number 420 have been frequently stolen. In Colorado, the [[Colorado Department of Transportation]] replaced the Mile Marker 420 sign on [[I-70]] east of Denver with one reading 419.99 in an attempt to stop the thievery.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/01/11/colorado-changes-sign-thieves/4435753/|title=State alters 420 MM sign to thwart thieves |work=[[USA Today]] |access-date=April 18, 2018}}</ref> The Colorado DOT usually will not replace signs that are repeatedly taken, but began the practice of replacing further down the road after "[[69 (sex position)|69]]" mile marker signs were frequently stolen—these were replaced with "68.5 mile" ones.<ref name=MF/> The [[Idaho Department of Transportation]] (ITD) replaced the mile marker 420 sign on [[U.S. Route 95 in Idaho|U.S. Highway 95]], just south of [[Coeur d'Alene, Idaho|Coeur d'Alene]], with mile marker 419.9.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ktvb.com/story/news/local/idaho/2015/08/18/idaho-replaces-mile-marker-420-with-4199-to-thwart-stoners/31928433/|title=Idaho replaces mile marker 420 with 419.9 to thwart stoners|work=[[KTVB]]|access-date=August 18, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150820184544/http://www.ktvb.com/story/news/local/idaho/2015/08/18/idaho-replaces-mile-marker-420-with-4199-to-thwart-stoners/31928433/|archive-date=August 20, 2015}}</ref> The [[Washington State Department of Transportation]] implemented similar measures,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/12/us/washington-highway-sign-420.html|title=Washington State Wants to Stop Theft of Mile 420 Signs. Its Solution? Mile 419.9.|last=Jacobs|first=Julia|date=January 12, 2019|work=The New York Times|access-date=January 13, 2019|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> but only replaced one of the two 420 signs in the state, with the remaining one being subsequently stolen.<ref name=MF>{{cite web|url=http://mentalfloss.com/article/67576/stoners-keep-stealing-420-mile-markers-so-some-states-have-replaced-them-4199|title=Stoners Keep Stealing 420 Mile Markers, So Some States Have Replaced Them With 419.9|author=Keyser, Hannah|website=[[Mental Floss]]|date=August 20, 2015|access-date=April 20, 2019}}</ref> According to ''[[The Washington Post]]'', there are eleven 420 mile markers in the US, after three replacements and one stolen and not replaced.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/08/20/a-map-of-the-remaining-420-mile-markers-in-the-u-s|title=A map of the remaining 420-mile markers in the U.S.|author=Ingraham, Christopher|newspaper=Washington Post|date=August 20, 2015|access-date=April 20, 2019}}</ref> In [[Goodhue County, Minnesota]], officials have changed "420&nbsp;St" street signs to "42x&nbsp;St".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.postbulletin.com/news/local/after-deadline-county-finds-fix-for-missing-signs/article_b88939fb-3c91-5523-b41e-a3b6c2dff8e4.html|title=County finds fix for missing 420 signs|work=[[Post-Bulletin]]|date=July 20, 2015 |access-date=July 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430012124/http://www.postbulletin.com/news/local/after-deadline-county-finds-fix-for-missing-signs/article_b88939fb-3c91-5523-b41e-a3b6c2dff8e4.html|archive-date=April 30, 2017}}</ref> The mile marker 420 sign on [[U.S. Route 89 in Utah|U.S. Route 89]], the only 420 marker in the state of [[Utah]], is frequently stolen.<ref>{{cite news|title=Officials say theft of '420' road signs no laughing matter|date=August 26, 2015|author=Kelly Keiter|publisher=[[KSTU]]|location=Salt Lake City|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2019/01/10/washington-taxpayers-pay-price-stolen-420-69-road-signs/2544449002/}}</ref> ===Legislation and other government recognition=== In 2003, [[California Senate Bill 420]] was introduced to regulate medical marijuana use. An unsuccessful 2010 bill to legalize [[cannabis in Guam]] was called Bill 420.<ref>{{cite web |author=Only one shows up for pot bill |url=http://mvguam.com/local/news/13221-only-one-shows-up-for-pot-bill.html |title=Only one shows up for pot bill |publisher=Mvguam.com |date=July 15, 2010 |access-date=July 15, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715182329/http://mvguam.com/local/news/13221-only-one-shows-up-for-pot-bill.html |archive-date=July 15, 2015 }}</ref> A North Dakota bill to legalize cannabis was HB 1420, introduced in January 2021.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bill Actions for HB 1420|publisher=North Dakota legislative branch|website=nd.gov official portal for North Dakota government|url=https://www.legis.nd.gov/assembly/67-2021/bill-actions/ba1420.html|access-date=April 20, 2021<!-- GMT -->|archive-date=March 26, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210326000755/https://www.legis.nd.gov/assembly/67-2021/bill-actions/ba1420.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Marijuana Freedom and Opportunity Act (which if enacted would [[Decriminalization of non-medical cannabis in the United States|decriminalize]] and deschedule cannabis in the United States) was announced by Senator and [[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate Minority Leader]] [[Chuck Schumer]] (D-New York) on April 20, 2018.<ref name="Guild 2018">{{cite news | last=Guild | first=Blair | title=On 4/20, Sen. Schumer introduces bill to decriminalize marijuana | website=CBS News | date=April 20, 2018 | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/on-420-sen-schumer-introduces-bill-to-decriminalize-marijuana/ | access-date=April 19, 2019}}</ref><ref name="Gstalter 2018">{{cite web | last=Gstalter | first=Morgan | title=Schumer unveils bill to decriminalize marijuana | website=The Hill | date=June 28, 2018 | url=https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/394562-schumer-unveils-bill-to-decriminalize-marijuana | access-date=April 19, 2019}}</ref> On January 9, 2019, H.R. 420 was introduced into the [[116th United States Congress|116th Congress]] by Representative [[Earl Blumenauer]] (D-Oregon), named the Regulate Marijuana Like Alcohol Act, which is designed to remove [[cannabis]] from the [[Controlled Substances Act]] and return regulation to the states.<ref>{{cite news|author=Tom Angell|title= New Congressional Marijuana Bill Is Actually Numbered H.R. 420|work=Marijuana Moment |via=Forbes|date= January 9, 2019|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomangell/2019/01/09/new-congressional-marijuana-bill-is-actually-numbered-h-r-420}}</ref> The State of Colorado auctioned off several cannabis-themed personalized license plates in 2021, with the bidding to be closed on April 20 (4/20). The highest bid shortly before the auction closed was over $6,500 for "ISIT420".<ref>{{citation|title=Colorado to auction off cannabis-themed license plates|publisher=Associated Press|date=April 13, 2021|url=https://apnews.com/article/colorado-auction-marijuana-theme-license-plates-e2e2661f06b68efb877ef0820c807d54}}</ref> Following the success of Washington, D.C.'s [[2014 Washington, D.C. Initiative 71|Initiative 71]] to legalize cannabis in 2014, Mayor [[Muriel Bowser]] granted [[Vehicle registration plates of Washington, D.C.|license plate]] number 420 to the campaign's leader, [[Adam Eidinger]].<ref>{{cite news|title=D.C. mayor offers pot activist Tag 420 for his efforts|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/local/wp/2015/03/13/d-c-mayor-offers-special-420-license-plate-to-pot-activist/|newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref> ===Literature=== Several [[List of books about cannabis|books about cannabis]] have "420" in the title, including the [[cannabis cookbook]]s ''The 420 Cannabis Cookbook'', published by [[Simon & Schuster]],<ref>{{cite web|website=Stylecaster|publisher=[[SHE Media]]|title=The Best 4/20 Cookbooks for When You Have a Case of the Munchies|author=Maggie GRISWOLD |date=April 14, 2020 |url=https://stylecaster.com/best-4-20-cookbooks/}}</ref> and ''The 420 Gourmet'' published in 2016 by [[HarperCollins]].<ref>{{citation|website =spy.com|publisher=[[Penske Media]]|title=Celebrate the High Holy Day With These Celebrated Marijuana Cookbooks |author=Naima Karp |author2=Destynee Powell |date=November 8, 2018|url=https://spy.com/articles/hacks/kitchen/420-friendly-cookbooks-cannabis-snoop-dogg-140841/}}</ref><ref>{{citation|publisher=[[Publishers Weekly]]|title=Cookbooks Previews: June 2016|author=Jonathan Segura | date=May 17, 2016|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/cooking/article/70403-cookbooks-previews-june-2016.html}}</ref> ===Elon Musk controversy=== In 2018, [[Tesla, Inc.|Tesla]] CEO [[Elon Musk]] tweeted that he planned to take his company private at $420 a share. The price was widely considered to be a marijuana reference. A jury found him not liable in 2023 for misleading investors. Musk testified during the trial that any associations with cannabis were coincidental.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Paul |first1=Kari |last2=McCormick |first2=Erin |date=2023-02-03 |title=Jury sides with Elon Musk over 2018 tweets claiming he would take Tesla private |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/feb/03/elon-musk-tesla-investors-lawsuit-twitter |access-date=2023-02-04 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Anon |date=28 January 2023 |title=The world this week |newspaper=The Economist |pages=10}}</ref> Musk later went to purchase Twitter in 2022 at a price per share of $54.20, acknowledging the reference to marijuana culture and because his girlfriend thought it was funny.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Hu |first1=Krystal |last2=Sen |first2=Anirban |date=2022-04-26 |title=From weed joke to agreed deal: Inside Musk's $44 bln Twitter buyout |language=en-GB |work=Reuters |url= https://www.reuters.com/business/weed-joke-agreed-deal-inside-musks-44-bln-twitter-buyout-2022-04-26 |access-date=2024-04-15 }}</ref> ===Commerce=== Some American restaurants offer [[Cannabis in the restaurant industry#April 20 ("420") promotions|"420" themed promotions]] to coincide with April 20. ==See also== {{Portal|Cannabis|Holidays}} * [[420 (Family Guy)|"420" (2009 ''Family Guy'' episode)]] * [[Drug subculture]] * [[Legality of cannabis by country]] * [[List of multinational festivals and holidays]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== {{wiktionary|420}} * {{Commons category-inline}} * {{cite journal |last1=Hager |first1=Steven |title=The History of 420, in Three Acts |journal=Freedom Leaf |date=April 2015 |volume=1 |issue=5 |pages=32–37+ |url=http://online.fliphtml5.com/wixy/kqlu/#p=32}} {{Cannabis events}} {{Cannabis}} {{U.S. Holidays}4/20 {{drug use}} {{authority control}} [[Category:April observances]] [[Category:Cannabis culture]] [[Category:Cannabis events]] [[Category:Counterculture]] [[Category:Counterculture of the 1970s]] [[Category:In-jokes]]420 The price is right [[Category:International observances]] [[Category:Internet memes]] [[Category:Unofficial observances]]'