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'[[File:Albatun Dod.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Modern Spanish [[tuna]] [[purse seiner]] in the [[Seychelles Islands]]]] The '''fishing industry''' includes any industry or activity concerned with taking, culturing, processing, preserving, storing, transporting, marketing or selling fish or fish products. It is defined by the [[FAO]] as including [[recreational fishing|recreational]], [[Artisan fishing|subsistence]] and [[commercial fishing]], and the harvesting, [[Fish processing|processing]], and [[Fish marketing|marketing]] sectors.<ref>FAO Fisheries Section: Glossary: [http://www.fao.org/fi/glossary/default.asp ''Fishing industry.''] Retrieved 28 May 2008.</ref> The commercial activity is aimed at the delivery of [[fish]] and other [[seafood]] products for human consumption or as input factors in other industrial processes. Directly or indirectly, the livelihood of over 500 million people in developing countries depends on fisheries and aquaculture.<ref>[ftp://ftp.fao.org/FI/brochure/climate_change/policy_brief.pdf Fisheries and Aquaculture in our Changing Climate] Policy brief of the [[FAO]] for the [[UNFCCC]] [[United Nations Climate Change Conference 2009|COP-15]] in Copenhagen, December 2009.</ref> ==Sectors== {{commercial fish taxonomy}} There are three principal industry sectors:<ref>The wording of the following definitions of the fishing industry are based on those [http://www.frdc.com.au/industry/ used by the Australian government ]</ref> * '''The commercial sector''': comprises enterprises and individuals associated with wild-catch or aquaculture resources and the various transformations of those resources into products for sale. It is also referred to as the "seafood industry", although non-food items such as pearls are included among its products. * '''The traditional sector''': comprises enterprises and individuals associated with fisheries resources from which aboriginal people derive products in accordance with their traditions. * '''The recreational sector''': comprises enterprises and individuals associated for the purpose of recreation, sport or sustenance with fisheries resources from which products are derived that are not for sale. ==Commercial sector== The commercial sector of the fishing industry comprises the following chain: # [[Commercial fishing]] and [[fish farm]]ing which produce the fish # [[Fish processing]] which produce the [[fish products]] # [[Fish marketing|Marketing]] of the fish products ===World production=== [[Image:World catches 1950 2005.png|right|thumb|[[FAO]] catch statistics, world catches 1950-2005 in million tonnes.]] {{main|World fish production|Fishing industry by country}} Fish are harvested by [[commercial fishing]] and [[aquaculture]]. According to the [[Food and Agriculture Organization]] (FAO), the [[Fishing by country|world harvest]] in 2005 consisted of 93.3 million [[tonne]]s captured by [[commercial fishing]] in [[Wild fisheries of the world|wild fisheries]], plus 48.1 million tonnes produced by [[fish farm]]s. In addition, 1.3 million tons of [[aquatic plants]] ([[seaweed]] etc) were captured in wild fisheries and 14.8 million tons were produced by [[aquaculture]].<ref name="FAO: Fisheries and Aquaculture"/> Following is a table of the 2005 world fishing industry harvest in tonnes by capture and by [[aquaculture]].<ref name="FAO: Fisheries and Aquaculture">[http://www.fao.org/fishery/ FAO: Fisheries and Aquaculture]</ref> {| class="sortable wikitable" width="400" |- !| !width="90"|Capture !width="90"|Aquaculture !width="90"|Total |- |[[Fish]], [[crustaceans]], [[molluscs]], etc |93,253,346 |48,149,792 |141,403,138 |- |[[Aquatic plant]]s |1,305,803 |14,789,972 |16,095,775 |- |Total |94,559,149 |62,939,764 |157,498,913 |} This equates to about 24.4 kilograms a year for the average person on Earth. ===Commercial fishing=== [[Image: Trawer Hauling Nets.jpg|thumb|right|Double-rigged shrimp trawler hauling in the nets]] {{main|Commercial fishing}} The top producing countries were, in order, the [[People's Republic of China]] (excluding [[Hong Kong]] and [[Taiwan]]), [[Peru]], [[Japan]], the [[United States]], [[Chile]], [[Indonesia]], [[Russia]], [[India]], [[Thailand]], [[Norway]] and [[Iceland]]. Those countries accounted for more than half of the world's production; China alone accounted for a third of the world's production. ===Fish farming=== [[Image:Biosecure KOI breeding and growing intensive facility in Israel.jpg|thumb|right|Intensive koi aquaculture facility in Israel]] {{main|Aquaculture|Mariculture|Fish farm}} Aquaculture is the cultivation of [[Aquatic ecosystem|aquatic]] organisms. Unlike [[fishing]], aquaculture, also known as aquafarming, is the cultivation of aquatic populations under controlled conditions.<ref name="AmericanHeritageDef">[http://www.answers.com/topic/aquaculture American Heritage Definition of Aquaculture]</ref> [[Mariculture]] refers to aquaculture practiced in marine environments. Particular kinds of aquaculture include [[algaculture]] (the production of [[kelp]]/[[seaweed]] and other [[algae]]); [[fish farming]]; [[shrimp farm]]ing, shellfish farming, and the growing of [[pearl|cultured pearls]]. Fish farming involves raising fish commercially in tanks or enclosed pools, usually for food. Fish species raised by fish farms include [[carp]], [[salmon]], [[tilapia]], [[catfish]] and [[cod]]. Increasing demands on [[Wild fisheries of the world|wild fisheries]] by commercial fishing operations have caused widespread [[overfishing]]. Fish farming offers an alternative solution to the increasing [[market]] [[demand]] for [[fish]] and fish [[protein]]. ===Fish processing=== [[Image:Tsukiji fish market thuna knife.jpg|thumb|right|[[Tuna]] under the knife]] {{main|Fish processing}} Fish processing is the processing of fish delivered by commercial fisheries and fish farms. The larger fish processing companies have their own fishing fleets and independent fisheries. The products of the industry are usually sold [[wholesale]] to [[grocery chain]]s or to intermediaries. JOE IS A GOOD FISH FARMER Fish processing can be subdivided into two categories: fish handling (the initial processing of raw fish) and fish products manufacturing. Aspects of fish processing occur on [[fishing vessel]]s, [[fish processing vessel]]s, and at [[fish processing plant]]s. Another natural subdivision is into primary processing involved in the filleting and freezing of fresh fish for onward distribution to fresh fish retail and catering outlets, and the secondary processing that produces chilled, frozen and canned products for the retail and catering trades.<ref>Royal Society of Edinburgh (2004) [http://www.royalsoced.org.uk/enquiries/scottishfisheries/scottish_fishing_industry.pdf Inquiry into the future of the Scottish fishing industry]. 128pp.</ref> ===Fish products=== [[Image:Sea urchin eggs.jpg|thumb|right|[[Sea urchin#Culinary Usage/Fishery|Sea urchin roe]].]] {{main|Fish products}} Fisheries are estimated to currently provide 16% of the world population's [[protein]]. The flesh of many fish are primarily valued as a source of food; there are many edible species of fish. Other marine life taken as food includes [[shellfish]], [[crustaceans]], [[sea cucumber (food)|sea cucumber]], [[jellyfish]] and [[roe]]. Fish and other marine life are also be used for many other uses: [[pearl]]s and [[Nacre|mother-of-pearl]], [[shark]]skin and [[Rajiformes|rayskin]]. [[Sea horse]]s, [[star fish]], [[sea urchin]]s and [[Holothuroidea|sea cucumber]] are used in [[traditional Chinese medicine]]. [[Tyrian purple]] is a pigment made from marine snails, [[sepia (color)|sepia]] is a pigment made from the inky secretions of [[cuttlefish]]. [[Animal glue|Fish glue]] has long been valued for its use in all manner of products. [[Isinglass]] is used for the [[clarification (wine)|clarification]] of [[wine]] and [[beer]]. [[Fish emulsion]] is a [[fertilizer]] [[emulsion]] that is produced from the fluid remains of fish processed for [[fish oil]] and [[fish meal]]. In the industry the term ''[[seafood]] products'' is often used instead of ''fish products''. ===Fish marketing=== [[Image:Wash fish market.jpg|thumb|right|Fresh seafood laid out on one of several floating barge vendors.]] {{main|Fish marketing}} [[Fish market]]s are [[marketplace]] used for the [[trade]] in and sale of fish and other [[seafood]]. They can be dedicated to [[wholesale]] trade between [[fishermen]] and fish [[merchant]]s, or to the sale of seafood to individual [[consumer]]s, or to both. Retail fish markets, a type of [[wet market]], often sell [[street food]] as well. Most [[shrimp]]s are sold frozen and are [[Shrimp marketing|marketed]] in different categories.<ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T4D-3T8P28T-F&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=48a8882e385af72d0dbdbacde67a9ebe |title=ScienceDirect - Aquaculture : Comparative economics of shrimp farming in Asia |publisher=www.sciencedirect.com |accessdate=2008-03-27 |last= |first= }} </ref> The [[live food fish trade]] is a global system that links fishing communities with markets. ==Traditional sector== [[Image:Fishing, Cà Mau.jpg|thumb|right|Fishing in [[Cà Mau]], [[Vietnam]].]] {{Main article|Artisan fishing}} The traditional fishing industry, or artisan fishing, are terms used to describe small scale [[commercial fishing|commercial]] or [[subsistence]] fishing practises, particularly using traditional techniques such as rod and tackle, arrows and harpoons, throw nets and drag nets, etc. It does not usually cover the concept of fishing for sport, and might be used when talking about the pressures between large scale modern commercial fishing practises and traditional methods, or when aid programs are targeted specifically at fishing at or near subsistence levels. {{clear}} ==Recreational sector== [[Image:Flyfishing.jpg|thumbnail|right|Fly fishing in a river]] {{See also|Recreational fishing}} The recreational fishing industry consists of enterprises such as the manufacture and retailing of [[fishing tackle]] and apparel, the payment of license fees to regulatory authorities, fishing books and magazines, the design and building of recreational fishing boats, and the provision of accommodation, fishing boats for charter, and guided fishing adventures. {{clear}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== *[http://www.fao.org/fishery/ FAO Fisheries Information] *[http://www.worldfishingtoday.com/ World Fishing Today, news from fishing industry] *[http://www.fishbase.org/ Fish database] ([[FishBase]]) *[http://www.fisheries.org/afs American Fisheries Society] *[http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/ NOAA Fisheries Service] *[http://www.onefish.org/global/index.jsp One Fish] *[http://go.worldbank.org/MGUTHSY7U0 The Sunken Billions: The Economic Justification for Fisheries Reform] {{fishing industry topics}} {{commercial fish topics}} {{fisheries and fishing}} [[Category:Fishing industry]] [[cs:Rybářský průmysl]] [[es:Industria pesquera]] [[fa:صنعت ماهیگیری]] [[ko:수산업]] [[is:Sjávarútvegur]] [[ms:Industri perikanan]] [[ja:水産業]] [[pl:Rybactwo]] [[ru:Рыбная промышленность]] [[sv:Fiskerinäring]] [[zh:水產業]]'