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[ 0 => '{{About|the republic in Russia|the ship|Gepard class frigate}}', 1 => false, 2 => '{{Infobox Russian federal subject', 3 => '|en_name=Republic of Tatarstan', 4 => '|ru_name=Республика Татарстан', 5 => '|loc_name1=Татарстан Республикасы', 6 => '|loc_lang1=Tatar', 7 => '|image_map=Tatarstan in Russia.svg', 8 => '|latd=55', 9 => '|latm=33', 10 => '|longd=50', 11 => '|longm=56', 12 => '|image_coa=Coat of Arms of Tatarstan.svg', 13 => '|coa_caption=[[Coat of arms of Tatarstan]]', 14 => '|image_flag=Flag of Tatarstan.svg', 15 => '|flag_caption=[[Flag of Tatarstan]]', 16 => '|anthem=[[National Anthem of the Republic of Tatarstan]]', 17 => '|anthem_ref=<ref name="Anthem">[http://tatar.ru/?DNSID=803d3f6c2787135e90d3a03b35ed2b10&node_id=788 Официальный портал Республики Татарстан (Официальный Татарстан)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>', 18 => '|holiday', 19 => '|holiday_ref', 20 => '|political_status=Republic', 21 => '|political_status_link=Republics of Russia', 22 => '|federal_district=[[Volga Federal District|Volga]]', 23 => '|economic_region=[[Volga economic region|Volga]]', 24 => '|adm_ctr_type=Capital', 25 => '|adm_ctr_name=[[Kazan]]', 26 => '|adm_ctr_name_ref=<ref name="AdmCtr">[http://www.kcn.ru/tat_en/kazan/ Kazan - the capital of Tatarstan<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>', 27 => '|official_lang_list=[[Tatar language|Tatar]]', 28 => '|official_lang_ref=<ref name="Languages">Constitution, Article&nbsp;8.1</ref><ref name="Kempton">Kempton, Daniel R. and Terry D. Clark, ''Unity or separation: center-periphery relations in the former Soviet Union'', (Praeger Publishers, 2002), 110.</ref>', 29 => '|pop_2010census=3786488', 30 => '|pop_2010census_rank=8th', 31 => '|urban_pop_2010census=75.4%', 32 => '|rural_pop_2010census=24.6%', 33 => '|pop_2010census_ref=<ref name="2010Census" />', 34 => '|pop_density', 35 => '|pop_density_as_of', 36 => '|pop_density_ref', 37 => '|pop_latest', 38 => '|pop_latest_date', 39 => '|pop_latest_ref', 40 => '|area_km2=68000', 41 => '|area_km2_rank=44th', 42 => '|area_km2_ref', 43 => '|established_date=May&nbsp;27, 1920', 44 => '|established_date_ref', 45 => '|license_plates=16, 116', 46 => '|ISO=RU-TA', 47 => '|gov_as_of=March 2011', 48 => '|leader_title=[[President of Tatarstan|President]]', 49 => '|leader_title_ref=<ref name="HeadLegis">Constitution, Article&nbsp;9.2</ref>', 50 => '|leader_name=[[Rustam Minnikhanov]]', 51 => '|leader_name_ref=<ref name="President">Official website of the President of the Republic of Tatarstan. [http://president.tatar.ru/eng/biography Rustam Minnikhanov]</ref>', 52 => '|legislature=[[State Council of the Republic of Tatarstan|State Council]]', 53 => '|legislature_ref=<ref name="HeadLegis" />', 54 => '|website=http://tatarstan.ru/eng/', 55 => '|websit_ref', 56 => '|date=August 2010', 57 => '}}', 58 => 'The '''Republic of Tatarstan''' ({{lang-rus|Респу́блика Татарста́н|r=Respublika Tatarstan|p=rʲɪsˈpublʲɪkə tətɐrˈstan}}; {{lang-tt|Татарстан Республикасы|Tatarstan Respublikası}}) is a [[federal subjects of Russia|federal subject]] of [[Russia]] (a [[republics of Russia|republic]]) located in the [[Volga Federal District]]. Its [[capital city|capital]] is the [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|city]] of [[Kazan]], which is one of Russia's larger and more prosperous cities. The republic borders with [[Kirov Oblast|Kirov]], [[Ulyanovsk Oblast|Ulyanovsk]], [[Samara Oblast|Samara]], and [[Orenburg Oblast]]s, and with the [[Mari El Republic|Mari El]], [[Udmurt Republic|Udmurt]], and [[Chuvash Republic]]s, as well as with the [[Republic of Bashkortostan]]. The unofficial Tatarstan motto is: ''Bez Buldırabız!'' (''We can!'').<ref name="Motto">{{tt icon}} [http://president.tatar.ru/tat/news/view/10232 Президент Татарстанның милли идеясен - "Булдырабыз!" дип билгеләде]</ref> In the [[Russian Census (2010)|2010 Census]] the population of Tatarstan was enumerated to be 3,786,488.<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref>', 59 => false, 60 => 'The state has strong ties with its neighbor [[Bashkortostan]].<ref>{{cite web|http://tatar-congress.org/eng/?category=none&altname=tatarstan_and_bashkortostan_become_more_close|date=December 23, 2010|publisher=Executive Committee of World Congress of Tatars|title=Tatarstan And Bashkortostan Become More Close}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://shaimiev.tatarstan.ru/eng/news/view/8377 |title=Meeting of two presidents |work=Administration of President of the Republic Tartarstan |date=August 16, 2011 |accessdate=July 19, 2012}}</ref>', 61 => false, 62 => '==Terminology==', 63 => '“Tatarstan” derives from the name of the ethnic group—the [[Tatars]]—and the [[Persian language|Persian]] suffix ''[[-stan]]'' (an ending common to many Eurasian countries). Another version of the Russian name is “{{lang|ru|Тата́рия}}” (''Tatariya''), which was official along with “[[Tatar ASSR]]” during the Soviet rule.', 64 => false, 65 => '==Geography==', 66 => '[[File:Tatar03.png|thumb|Map of the Republic of Tatarstan]]', 67 => false, 68 => 'The republic is located in the center of the [[East European Plain]], approximately {{convert|800|km|sp=us}} east of [[Moscow]]. It lies between the [[Volga River]] and the [[Kama River]] (a [[tributary]] of the Volga), and extends east to the [[Ural mountains]].', 69 => '*''Borders:''', 70 => '**''internal:'' [[Kirov Oblast]] (N), [[Udmurt Republic]] (N/NE), [[Republic of Bashkortostan]] (E/SE), [[Orenburg Oblast]] (SE), [[Samara Oblast]] (S), [[Ulyanovsk Oblast]] (S/SW), [[Chuvash Republic]] (W), [[Mari El Republic]] (W/NW).', 71 => '*Highest point: {{convert|343|m|abbr=on}}{{citation needed|date=March 2007}}', 72 => '*Maximum N->S distance: {{convert|290|km|abbr=on}}', 73 => '*Maximum E->W distance: {{convert|460|km|abbr=on}}', 74 => false, 75 => '===Rivers===', 76 => '[[File:Volga steep Tatarstan.jpg|thumb|View of the [[Volga River]] in the confluence with the [[Kama River]]]]', 77 => '[[File:Kama yelabuga.jpg|thumb|View on the Taima River from Devil's Tower in [[Yelabuga]]]]', 78 => false, 79 => 'Major rivers include (Tatar names are given in parentheses):', 80 => false, 81 => '*[[Belaya River (Kama)|Belaya River]] (Ağidel)', 82 => '*[[Ik River]] (Iq)', 83 => '*[[Kama River]] (Çulman)', 84 => '*[[Volga River]] (İdel)', 85 => '*[[Vyatka River]] (Noqrat)', 86 => '*[[Kazanka River]]', 87 => false, 88 => '===Lakes===', 89 => 'Major reservoirs of the republic include (Tatar names are given in parentheses):', 90 => '*[[Kuybyshev Reservoir|Kuybyshev Reservoir (Kuybışev)]]', 91 => '*[[Lower Kama Reservoir|Lower Kama Reservoir (Tübän Kama)]]', 92 => false, 93 => 'The biggest lake is [[Qaban]]. The biggest swamp is [[Kulyagash]].', 94 => false, 95 => '===Hills===', 96 => '*[[Bugulma-Belebey Upland]]', 97 => '*[[Volga Upland]]', 98 => '*[[Vyatskie Uvaly]]', 99 => false, 100 => '===Natural resources===', 101 => false, 102 => 'Major natural resources of Tatarstan include [[petroleum|oil]], [[natural gas]], [[gypsum]], and more. It is estimated that the Republic has over one billion [[metric ton|tons]] of oil deposits.<ref name="tatar.ru"/>', 103 => false, 104 => '===Climate===', 105 => '<!--', 106 => 'Provide climate review information as well as information on the following items: average annual temperature, January temperature range/average, July temperature range/average, average annual precipitation.', 107 => '*''Average annual temperature'': no data', 108 => '-->', 109 => '*''Average January temperature'': {{convert|-16|C}}', 110 => '*''Average July temperature'': {{convert|+19|C}}', 111 => '*''Average annual [[precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]]'': up to {{convert|500|mm|abbr=on}}', 112 => false, 113 => '==Administrative divisions==', 114 => '{{Main|Administrative divisions of the Republic of Tatarstan}}', 115 => false, 116 => '==History==', 117 => '{{Main|History of Tatarstan}}', 118 => '{{Refimprove section|date=February 2011}}', 119 => '{{History of Tatarstan}}', 120 => false, 121 => '===Middle Ages===', 122 => '[[File:Black chamber.jpg|thumb|left|An ancient mosque in [[Bolgar (town)|Bolgar]]]]', 123 => false, 124 => 'The earliest known organized state within the boundaries of Tatarstan was [[Volga Bulgaria]] (c.&nbsp;700–1238 CE). The [[Volga Bulgars]] had an advanced mercantile state with trade contacts throughout Inner [[Eurasia]], the [[Middle East]] and the [[Baltic region|Baltic]], which maintained its independence despite pressure by such nations as the [[Khazars]], the [[Kievan Rus]] and the [[Cuman]]-[[Kipchaks]]. [[Islam]] was introduced by missionaries from [[Baghdad]] around the time of [[ibn Fadlan]]'s journey in 922.', 125 => false, 126 => 'Volga Bulgaria finally fell to the armies of the [[Mongol]] prince [[Batu Khan]] in the late 1230s (see [[Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria]].) The inhabitants, mixing with the [[Golden Horde]]'s [[Kypchak languages|Kipchak-speaking]] people, became known as the "Volga Tatars." Another theory postulates that there were no ethnic changes in that period, and Bulgars simply switched to the Kipchak-based [[Tatar language]]. In the 1430s, the region again became independent as the base of the [[Khanate of Kazan]], a capital having been established in [[Kazan]], 170&nbsp;km up the Volga from the ruined capital of the Bulgars.', 127 => false, 128 => 'The Khanate of Kazan [[Russo-Kazan Wars|was conquered]] by the troops of Tsar [[Ivan the Terrible]] in the 1550s, with Kazan being taken in 1552. A large number of Tatars were killed and forcibly converted to Christianity and were culturally [[Russification|Russified]]. Cathedrals were built in Kazan; by 1593 all mosques in the area were destroyed. The Russian government forbade the construction of mosques, a prohibition that was not lifted until the 18th century by [[Catherine the Great]]. The first mosque to be rebuilt under Catherine's auspices was constructed in 1766-1770.', 129 => false, 130 => '===Modern times===', 131 => '[[File:Минарет.jpg|right|thumb|175px]]', 132 => false, 133 => 'In the 19th century Tatarstan became a center of [[Jadidism]], an Islamic movement that preached tolerance of other religions. Under the influence of local Jadidist theologians, the Tatars were renowned for their friendly relations with other peoples of the [[Russian Empire]]. However, after the [[October Revolution]] religion was largely outlawed and all theologians were repressed.', 134 => false, 135 => 'During the [[Russian Civil War|Civil War]] of 1918-1920 Tatar nationalists attempted to establish an independent republic (the [[Idel-Ural State]]). They were, however, put down by the [[Bolsheviks]] and the [[Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] was established on 27 May 1920. There was a [[1921–1922 Famine in Tatarstan|famine in the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] in 1921 to 1922 as a result of [[war communism|war communist]] policy. The boundaries of the republic did not include majority of the Volga Tatars. The [[Tatar Union of the Godless]] were persecuted in [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin's]] 1928 [[purges]].', 136 => false, 137 => '===Tatarstan today===', 138 => 'On August&nbsp;30, 1990, Tatarstan announced its sovereignty with ''Declaration on the State Sovereignty of the Tatar Soviet Socialist Republic''<ref name="dofsovereignty">[http://www.tatar.ru/english/00002028.html Declaration on the State Sovereignty of the Tatar Soviet Socialist Republic]</ref> and in 1992 Tatarstan held a referendum on the new constitution,<ref name="tatarconstitution">[http://www.tatar.ru/?DNSID=c9676078b6e49d42e4c1a0440f439f83&node_id=222 (In Russian)Конституция Республики Татарстан]</ref> and 62 percent of those who took part voted in favor of the constitution. In 1992 Tatarstan Constitution defines Tatarstan as a Sovereign State. However articles 1 and 3 of the constitution, as introduced in 2002<ref name="tatarconstitution"/> define Tatarstan as a part of Russian Federation.', 139 => false, 140 => 'On February&nbsp;15, 1994, the Treaty ''On Delimitation of Jurisdictional Subjects and Mutual Delegation of Authority between the State Bodies of the Russian Federation and the State Bodies of the Republic of Tatarstan''<ref>[http://www.tatar.ru/english/append20.html Treaty on Delimitation of Jurisdictional Subjects and Powers between Bodies of Public Authority of the Russian Federation and Bodies of Public Authority of the Republic of Tatarstan]</ref> and Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Republic of Tatarstan (''On Delimitation of Authority in the Sphere of Foreign Economic Relations'') were signed.', 141 => false, 142 => '==Demographics==', 143 => '[[File:Tatarstan population.PNG|right|thumb]]', 144 => '[[File:Tatarstan population density.jpg|thumb|right|Population density]]', 145 => '[[File:Urban-rural population dynamics (Tatarstan).PNG|right|thumb]]', 146 => false, 147 => ''''Population''': {{ru-census|p2010=3,786,488|p2002=3,779,265|p1989=3,637,809}}', 148 => false, 149 => '===Vital statistics===', 150 => ':Source: [http://www.gks.ru/dbscripts/Cbsd/DBInet.cgi#1 Russian Federal State Statistics Service]', 151 => false, 152 => '{| class="wikitable"', 153 => '|-', 154 => '!', 155 => '! width="70pt"|Average population (x 1000)', 156 => '! width="70pt"|Live births', 157 => '! width="70pt"|Deaths', 158 => '! width="70pt"|Natural change', 159 => '! width="70pt"|Crude birth rate (per 1000)', 160 => '! width="70pt"|Crude death rate (per 1000)', 161 => '! width="70pt"|Natural change (per 1000)', 162 => '! width="70pt"|Fertility rates', 163 => '|-', 164 => '| 1970', 165 => '| align="right" | 3,146', 166 => '| align="right" | 47,817', 167 => '| align="right" | 25,622', 168 => '| align="right" | 22,195', 169 => '| align="right" | 15.2', 170 => '| align="right" | 8.1', 171 => '| align="right" | 7.1', 172 => '|-', 173 => '| 1975', 174 => '| align="right" | 3,311', 175 => '| align="right" | 55,095', 176 => '| align="right" | 29,686', 177 => '| align="right" | 25,409', 178 => '| align="right" | 16.6', 179 => '| align="right" | 9.0', 180 => '| align="right" | 7.7', 181 => '|-', 182 => '| 1980', 183 => '| align="right" | 3,465', 184 => '| align="right" | 54,272', 185 => '| align="right" | 32,758', 186 => '| align="right" | 21,514', 187 => '| align="right" | 15.7', 188 => '| align="right" | 9.5', 189 => '| align="right" | 6.2', 190 => '|-', 191 => '| 1985', 192 => '| align="right" | 3,530', 193 => '| align="right" | 64,067', 194 => '| align="right" | 34,622', 195 => '| align="right" | 29,445', 196 => '| align="right" | 18.1', 197 => '| align="right" | 9.8', 198 => '| align="right" | 8.3', 199 => '|-', 200 => '| 1990', 201 => '| align="right" | 3,665', 202 => '| align="right" | 56,277', 203 => '| align="right" | 36,219', 204 => '| align="right" | 20,058', 205 => '| align="right" | 15.4', 206 => '| align="right" | 9.9', 207 => '| align="right" | 5.5', 208 => '| align="right" | 2,05', 209 => '|-', 210 => '| 1991', 211 => '| align="right" | 3,684', 212 => '| align="right" | 50,160', 213 => '| align="right" | 37,266', 214 => '| align="right" | 12,894', 215 => '| align="right" | 13.6', 216 => '| align="right" | 10.1', 217 => '| align="right" | 3.5', 218 => '| align="right" | 1,88', 219 => '|-', 220 => '| 1992', 221 => '| align="right" | 3,706', 222 => '| align="right" | 44,990', 223 => '| align="right" | 39,148', 224 => '| align="right" | 5,842', 225 => '| align="right" | 12.1', 226 => '| align="right" | 10.6', 227 => '| align="right" | 1.6', 228 => '| align="right" | 1,71', 229 => '|-', 230 => '| 1993', 231 => '| align="right" | 3,730', 232 => '| align="right" | 41,144', 233 => '| align="right" | 44,291', 234 => '| align="right" style="color: red"|-3,147', 235 => '| align="right" | 11.0', 236 => '| align="right" | 11.9', 237 => '| align="right" style="color: red"|-0.8', 238 => '| align="right" | 1,57', 239 => '|-', 240 => '| 1994', 241 => '| align="right" | 3,746', 242 => '| align="right" | 41,811', 243 => '| align="right" | 48,613', 244 => '| align="right" style="color: red"|-6,802', 245 => '| align="right" | 11.2', 246 => '| align="right" | 13.0', 247 => '| align="right" style="color: red"|-1.8', 248 => '| align="right" | 1,58', 249 => '|-', 250 => '| 1995', 251 => '| align="right" | 3,756', 252 => '| align="right" | 39,070', 253 => '| align="right" | 48,592', 254 => '| align="right" style="color: red"|-9,522', 255 => '| align="right" | 10.4', 256 => '| align="right" | 12.9', 257 => '| align="right" style="color: red"|-2.5', 258 => '| align="right" | 1,47', 259 => '|-', 260 => '| 1996', 261 => '| align="right" | 3,766', 262 => '| align="right" | 38,080', 263 => '| align="right" | 45,731', 264 => '| align="right" style="color: red"|-7,651', 265 => '| align="right" | 10.1', 266 => '| align="right" | 12.1', 267 => '| align="right" style="color: red"|-2.0', 268 => '| align="right" | 1,43', 269 => '|-', 270 => '| 1997', 271 => '| align="right" | 3,775', 272 => '| align="right" | 37,268', 273 => '| align="right" | 46,270', 274 => '| align="right" style="color: red"|-9,002', 275 => '| align="right" | 9.9', 276 => '| align="right" | 12.3', 277 => '| align="right" style="color: red"|-2.4', 278 => '| align="right" | 1,38', 279 => '|-', 280 => '| 1998', 281 => '| align="right" | 3,785', 282 => '| align="right" | 37,182', 283 => '| align="right" | 45,153', 284 => '| align="right" style="color: red"|-7,971', 285 => '| align="right" | 9.8', 286 => '| align="right" | 11.9', 287 => '| align="right" style="color: red"|-2.1', 288 => '| align="right" | 1,37', 289 => '|-', 290 => '| 1999', 291 => '| align="right" | 3,789', 292 => '| align="right" | 35,073', 293 => '| align="right" | 46,679', 294 => '| align="right" style="color: red"|-11,606', 295 => '| align="right" | 9.3', 296 => '| align="right" | 12.3', 297 => '| align="right" style="color: red"|-3.1', 298 => '| align="right" | 1,29', 299 => '|-', 300 => '| 2000', 301 => '| align="right" | 3,788', 302 => '| align="right" | 35,446', 303 => '| align="right" | 49,723', 304 => '| align="right" style="color: red"|-14,277', 305 => '| align="right" | 9.4', 306 => '| align="right" | 13.1', 307 => '| align="right" style="color: red"|-3.8', 308 => '| align="right" | 1,29', 309 => '|-', 310 => '| 2001', 311 => '| align="right" | 3,784', 312 => '| align="right" | 35,877', 313 => '| align="right" | 50,119', 314 => '| align="right" style="color: red"|-14,242', 315 => '| align="right" | 9.5', 316 => '| align="right" | 13.2', 317 => '| align="right" style="color: red"|-3.8', 318 => '| align="right" | 1,30', 319 => '|-', 320 => '| 2002', 321 => '| align="right" | 3,779', 322 => '| align="right" | 38,178', 323 => '| align="right" | 51,685', 324 => '| align="right" style="color: red"|-13,507', 325 => '| align="right" | 10.1', 326 => '| align="right" | 13.7', 327 => '| align="right" style="color: red"|-3.6', 328 => '| align="right" | 1,37', 329 => '|-', 330 => '| 2003', 331 => '| align="right" | 3,775', 332 => '| align="right" | 38,461', 333 => '| align="right" | 52,263', 334 => '| align="right" style="color: red"|-13,802', 335 => '| align="right" | 10.2', 336 => '| align="right" | 13.8', 337 => '| align="right" style="color: red"|-3.7', 338 => '| align="right" | 1,36', 339 => '|-', 340 => '| 2004', 341 => '| align="right" | 3,771', 342 => '| align="right" | 38,661', 343 => '| align="right" | 51,322', 344 => '| align="right" style="color: red"|-12,661', 345 => '| align="right" | 10.3', 346 => '| align="right" | 13.6', 347 => '| align="right" style="color: red"|-3.4', 348 => '| align="right" | 1,34', 349 => '|-', 350 => '| 2005', 351 => '| align="right" | 3,767', 352 => '| align="right" | 36,967', 353 => '| align="right" | 51,841', 354 => '| align="right" style="color: red"|-14,874', 355 => '| align="right" | 9.8', 356 => '| align="right" | 13.8', 357 => '| align="right" style="color: red"|-3.9', 358 => '| align="right" | 1,26', 359 => '|-', 360 => '| 2006', 361 => '| align="right" | 3,763', 362 => '| align="right" | 37,303', 363 => '| align="right" | 49,218', 364 => '| align="right" style="color: red"|-11,915', 365 => '| align="right" | 9.9', 366 => '| align="right" | 13.1', 367 => '| align="right" style="color: red"|-3.2', 368 => '| align="right" style="color: red"| 1,25', 369 => '|-', 370 => '| 2007', 371 => '| align="right" | 3,763', 372 => '| align="right" | 40,892', 373 => '| align="right" | 48,962', 374 => '| align="right" style="color: red"|-8,070', 375 => '| align="right" | 10.9', 376 => '| align="right" | 13.0', 377 => '| align="right" style="color: red"|-2.1', 378 => '| align="right" | 1,36', 379 => '|-', 380 => '| 2008', 381 => '| align="right" | 3,766', 382 => '| align="right" | 44,290', 383 => '| align="right" | 48,952', 384 => '| align="right" style="color: red"|-4,662', 385 => '| align="right" | 11.8', 386 => '| align="right" | 13.0', 387 => '| align="right" style="color: red"|-1.2', 388 => '| align="right" | 1,45', 389 => '|-', 390 => '| 2009', 391 => '| align="right" | 3,773', 392 => '| align="right" | 46,605', 393 => '| align="right" | 47,892', 394 => '| align="right" style="color: red"|-1,287', 395 => '| align="right" | 12.4', 396 => '| align="right" | 12.7', 397 => '| align="right" style="color: red"|-0.3', 398 => '| align="right" | 1,55', 399 => '|-', 400 => '| 2010', 401 => '| align="right" | 3,781', 402 => '| align="right" | 48,968', 403 => '| align="right" | 49,730', 404 => '| align="right" style="color: red"|- 762', 405 => '| align="right" | 12.9', 406 => '| align="right" | 13.1', 407 => '| align="right" style="color: red"|-0.2', 408 => '| align="right" | 1,60', 409 => '|-', 410 => '| 2011', 411 => '| align="right" | 3,787', 412 => '| align="right" | 50,824', 413 => '| align="right" | 47,072', 414 => '| align="right" | 3,752', 415 => '| align="right" | 13.4', 416 => '| align="right" | 12.4', 417 => '| align="right" | 1.0', 418 => '| align="right" | 1,65', 419 => '|-', 420 => '| 2012', 421 => '| align="right" | 3,802', 422 => '| align="right" | 55,538', 423 => '| align="right" | 46,315', 424 => '| align="right" | 9,023', 425 => '| align="right" | 14.5', 426 => '| align="right" | 12.2', 427 => '| align="right" | 2.3', 428 => '| align="right" | 1,83(e)', 429 => '|}', 430 => false, 431 => 'Note: TFR source.<ref>http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/publications/catalog/doc_1137674209312</ref> Data for Total fertility rate (2012) is calculation based on age and sex structure of Republic of Tatarstan at the beginning of 2012, number of births for 2012 and fertility structure in previous years.', 432 => false, 433 => '<!--*'''Average life expectancy''': no data-->', 434 => false, 435 => '===Ethnic groups===', 436 => '{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"', 437 => '|-bgcolor="#e0e0e0"', 438 => '! rowspan="2" | Ethnic<br />group', 439 => '! colspan="2" | 1926 Census', 440 => '! colspan="2" | 1939 Census', 441 => '! colspan="2" | 1959 Census', 442 => '! colspan="2" | 1970 Census', 443 => '! colspan="2" | 1979 Census', 444 => '! colspan="2" | 1989 Census', 445 => '! colspan="2" | 2002 Census', 446 => '! colspan="2" | 2010 Census¹<ref name="2010Census" />', 447 => '|-bgcolor="#e0e0e0"', 448 => '! Number', 449 => '! %', 450 => '! Number', 451 => '! %', 452 => '! Number', 453 => '! %', 454 => '! Number', 455 => '! %', 456 => '! Number', 457 => '! %', 458 => '! Number', 459 => '! %', 460 => '! Number', 461 => '! %', 462 => '! Number', 463 => '! %', 464 => '|-', 465 => '| align="left"| [[Tatars]]', 466 => '| 1,263,383', 467 => '|48.7%', 468 => '| 1,421,514', 469 => '|48.8%', 470 => '| 1,345,195', 471 => '|47.2%', 472 => '| 1,536,430', 473 => '|49.1%', 474 => '| 1,641,603', 475 => '|47.6%', 476 => '| 1,765,404', 477 => '|48.5%', 478 => '| 2,000,116', 479 => '|52.9%', 480 => '| 2,012,571', 481 => '|53.2%', 482 => '|-', 483 => '| align="left"| [[Russians]]', 484 => '| 1,118,834', 485 => '|43.1%', 486 => '| 1,250,667', 487 => '|42.9%', 488 => '| 1,252,413', 489 => '|43.9%', 490 => '| 1,382,738', 491 => '|42.4%', 492 => '| 1,516,023', 493 => '|44.0%', 494 => '| 1,575,361', 495 => '|43.3%', 496 => '| 1,492,602', 497 => '|39.5%', 498 => '| 1,501,369', 499 => '|39.7%', 500 => '|-', 501 => '| align="left"| [[Chuvash people|Chuvash]]', 502 => '| 127,330', 503 => '|4.9%', 504 => '| 138,935', 505 => '|4.8%', 506 => '| 143,552', 507 => '|5.0%', 508 => '| 153,496', 509 => '|4.9%', 510 => '| 147,088', 511 => '|4.3%', 512 => '| 134,221', 513 => '|3.7%', 514 => '| 126,532', 515 => '|3.3%', 516 => '| 116,252', 517 => '|3.1%', 518 => '|-', 519 => '|align="left"| Others', 520 => '| 84,485', 521 => '|3.3%', 522 => '| 104,161', 523 => '|3.6%', 524 => '| 109,257', 525 => '|3.8%', 526 => '| 112,574', 527 => '|3.6%', 528 => '| 140,698', 529 => '|4.1%', 530 => '| 166,756', 531 => '|4.6%', 532 => '| 160,015', 533 => '|4.2%', 534 => '| 150,244', 535 => '|4.1%', 536 => '|-', 537 => '| align="left" colspan="17"| ¹ <small>6,052 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.</small><ref>[http://www.perepis-2010.ru/news/detail.php?ID=6936 Перепись-2010: русских становится больше<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>', 538 => '|}', 539 => false, 540 => 'There are about two million ethnic [[Tatars]] and a million and a half ethnic [[Russians]], along with significant numbers of [[Chuvash people|Chuvash]], [[Mari people|Mari]], and [[Udmurts]], some of whom are [[Tatar language|Tatar]]-speaking. The [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]], [[Mordvins|Mordvin]], and [[Bashkirs|Bashkir]] minorities are also significant. Most [[Tatars]] are [[Sunni Muslim]]s, but a small minority known as [[Keräşens|Keräşen Tatars]] are [[Orthodox Christian|Orthodox]] and some of them regard themselves as being different from other Tatars even though most Keräşen dialects differ only slightly from the Central Dialect of the Tatar language.<ref>{{cite paper|url=http://www.princeton.edu/~turkish/aatt/tatar.htm|title=Tatar The language of the largest minority in Russia|accessdate=2007-03-10 |publisher=American Association of Teachers of Turkic}}</ref> There is a fair degree of speculation as to the early origins of the different groups of Tatars, but most Tatars no longer view religious identity as being as important as it once was, and the religious and linguistic subgroups have intermingled considerably. Nevertheless, despite many decades of assimilation and intermingling, some Keräşen demanded, and were awarded, the option of being specifically enumerated in 2002. This has provoked great controversy however, as many intellectuals have sought to portray the Tatars as homogeneous and indivisible.<ref>{{cite paper|url=http://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/coe21/publish/no7_ses/chapter04.pdf|title=Tatars as Meso-Nation|accessdate=2007-03-10 |format=PDF |publisher=Hokkaido University}}</ref> Although listed separately below, the Keräşen are still included in the grand total for the Tatars. Another unique ethnic group, living in Tatarstan only are the [[Qaratay]] [[Mordvins]]. When it comes to [[Religion]], Sunni Islam is the most common faith in Tatarstan, as 55% of the estimated 3.8 million population is Muslim while remaining population is mostly [[Russian Orthodox Christian]].<ref> https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:Wmi9H2WSwFIJ:https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/indexablecontent?id%3Duuid:01e41212-73fc-4660-b184-57c1c9a65c95%26ds%3DDATA_FILE%26dl%3Dtrue+&hl=en&gl=ca&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjtsxkT3NrB5cPfb-Id0HL0gXHtvTjgZOuVljoHZ5YP9BfEHZAqObnmYbMKzx9CXy6HWN4a0vPqimhFDS_J5EaDxlAVQA1CRysS556fLYsOMAIHb3NzRtl_At8J7Ab-Yt7pZqk1&sig=AHIEtbRBE3CjBwjR7skCZ63Qaw4PD8uFaw&pli=1</ref>', 541 => false, 542 => '===Languages===', 543 => 'In accordance with the Constitution of the Republic of Tatarstan the two state languages of the republic are [[Tatar language|Tatar]] and [[Russian language|Russian]]. According to the 2002 Russian Federal Law (''On Languages of Peoples of the Russian Federation''), the [[official script]] is [[Cyrillic]].', 544 => false, 545 => '==Politics==', 546 => '{{Unreferenced section|date=February 2011}}', 547 => '[[image:Tatarstan Cabinet of Ministers.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Cabinet of Ministers building, June 2007]]', 548 => 'The head of the government in Tatarstan is the President. Since March 2010, the President has been [[Rustam Minnikhanov]].<ref>[http://www.rferl.org/content/Tatarstans_New_President_Sworn_In/1993656.html ''Tatarstan's New President Sworn In'', Radio Free Europe's Tatar-Bashkir Service, Kazan, 25 March 2010].Accessed: 14 January 2012.</ref> Tatarstan's unicameral [[State Council of Tatarstan|State Council]] has 100&nbsp;seats: fifty are for representatives of the parties, and the other fifty are for deputies from the republic's localities<!--someone needs to replace this with proper terminology-->. The Chairman of the State Council is [[Farit Mukhametshin]] from May 27, 1998.', 549 => false, 550 => 'According to the Constitution of the Republic of Tatarstan, the President can be elected only by the people of Tatarstan, but due to Russian federal law this law was suspended for an indefinite term. The Russian law about election of governors says they should be elected by [[Regional parliaments of Russia|regional parliaments]] and that the candidate can be presented only by the [[president of Russia]].', 551 => false, 552 => 'On March 25, 2005 Shaymiyev was re-elected for his fourth term by the State Council. This election was held after changes in electoral law and does not contradict the Constitutions of Tatarstan and Russia.', 553 => false, 554 => '===Political status===', 555 => '[[image:Губернаторский дворец (Казань).jpg|thumb|right|180px|Presidential Palace]]', 556 => 'The Republic of Tatarstan is a constituent republic of the Russian Federation. Most of the Russian federal subjects are tied with the Russian federal government by the uniform Federal Treaty, but relations between the government of Tatarstan and the Russian federal government are more complex, and are precisely defined in the [[Constitution of the Republic of Tatarstan|Constitution]]. The following passage from the Constitution defines the republic's status without contradicting the Constitution of the Russian Federation:', 557 => false, 558 => '{{Quote|The Republic of Tatarstan is a democratic constitutional State associated with the Russian Federation by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Constitution of the Republic of Tatarstan and the Treaty between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tatarstan ''On Delimitation of Jurisdictional Subjects and Mutual Delegation of Powers between the State Bodies of the Russian Federation and the State Bodies of the Republic of Tatarstan'', and a subject of the Russian Federation. The sovereignty of the Republic of Tatarstan shall consist in full possession of the State authority (legislative, executive and judicial) beyond the competence of the Russian Federation and powers of the Russian Federation in the sphere of shared competence of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tatarstan and shall be an inalienable qualitative status of the Republic of Tatarstan.{{Cite quote|date=February 2011}}}}', 559 => false, 560 => '==Economy==', 561 => '[[File:The Spirit of Kazan.jpg|thumb|right|An area in Kazan with a mosque in the background]]', 562 => false, 563 => 'Tatarstan is one of the most economically developed regions of Russia. The republic is highly industrialized, and ranks second only to [[Samara Oblast]] in terms of industrial production per km².<ref name="encarta">[http://au.encarta.msn.com/text_781534126___0/Tatarstan.html Tatarstan] Microsoft Encarta</ref> Tatarstan's GDP per capita was USD 12,325 in 2004,<ref name="undp.ru">[http://rbec.undp.ru/nhdr2006_07eng/Chapter9.pdf Human Development Index in the Regions of Russia] United Nations</ref> with GDP in 2008 at about 930 billion rubles.<ref name="tatar.ru">[http://www.tatar.ru/index.php?DNSID=c0ab50580ba8d76a95c91a570958a02a&node_id=792 Economy: The Republic of Dagestan]</ref>', 564 => false, 565 => 'The region's main source of wealth is [[oil]]. Tatarstan produces 32 million tonnes of crude oil per year and has estimated oil reserves of more than 1 billion tons.<ref name="tatar.ru"/><ref name="economy">[http://tatarstan.kai.ru/econ-eng.htm Tatarstan Economy]</ref> Industrial production constitutes 45% of the Republic's [[Gross domestic product|gross regional domestic product]]. The most developed manufacturing industries are petrochemical industry and machine building. The truck-maker [[KamAZ]] is the region's largest enterprise and employs about 1/5 of Tatarstan's work force.<ref name="economy"/> [[Kazanorgsintez]], based in Kazan, is one of Russia's largest chemical companies.<ref>[http://www.kazanorgsintez.ru/index.php Kazanorgsintez]</ref> Tatarstan's aviation industry produces [[Tupolev Tu-204|Tu-214]] passenger airplanes and helicopters.<ref name="tatar.ru"/> The [[Kazan Helicopter Plant]] is one of the largest helicopter manufacturers in the world.<ref>[http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/russia/industry/kazanhelicopters.htm Kazan Helicopter Plant (KHP)]</ref> Engineering, textiles, clothing, wood processing, and food industries are also of key significance in Tatarstan.<ref name="encarta"/>', 566 => false, 567 => 'Tatarstan consists of three distinguished industrial regions. The northwestern part is an old industrial region where engineering, chemical and light industry dominate. In the new industrial Northeast region with its core in the [[Naberezhnye Chelny]]-[[Nizhnekamsk]] [[agglomeration]], major industries are automobile construction, chemical industry, and power engineering. The Southeast region has oil production with engineering under development. The North, Central, South, and Southwest parts of the Republic are rural regions.<ref>[http://www.ling.helsinki.fi/uhlcs/LENCA/LENCA-2/information/tatarstan.html General information on the Tatarstan Republic]</ref>The Republic has huge water resources - annual flow of rivers of the Republic exceeds 240 billion cu. m. Soils are very diverse, the best fertile soils covering 1/3 of the territory. Due to high development of agriculture in Tatarstan(it contributes 5,1% of total revenue of republic), forests occupy only 16% of its territory. The agricultural sector of economy are represented mostly by large companies as "Ak Bars Holding" and "Krasniy Vostok Agro".', 568 => false, 569 => 'The republic has a highly developed transport network. It mainly comprises highways, [[railway]] lines, four [[navigable river]]s&nbsp;— Volga (İdel), Kama (Çulman), Vyatka (Noqrat) and Belaya (Ağidel), and oil pipelines and airlines. The territory of Tatarstan is crossed by the main gas pipelines carrying natural gas from Urengoy and Yamburg to the west and the major oil pipelines supplying oil to various cities in the European part of Russia.', 570 => false, 571 => '==Culture==', 572 => '{{Main|Culture of Tatarstan}}', 573 => '[[File:Kazan church edit1.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''[[All Religions Temple]]''. A building and cultural center built by the local artist [[Ildar Khanov (artist)|Ildar Khanov]]]]', 574 => false, 575 => 'Major libraries include the Science Library of Kazan State University and the National Library of the Republic of Tatarstan. There are two museums of republican significance, as well as 90&nbsp;museums of local importance. In the past several years new museums appeared throughout the Republic.', 576 => false, 577 => 'There are twelve theatrical institutions in Tatarstan.<ref>[http://www.tatar.ru/index.php?DNSID=16846f275d8463f22dd25ec07638ae82&node_id=1302 Culture: The Republic of Tatarstan<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The state orchestra is the [[National Tatarstan Orchestra]].', 578 => false, 579 => '==Sports==', 580 => 'Tatarstan has Rubin Kazan, a major European football team which has played in the Champions League and the Europa League.', 581 => false, 582 => 'It also has two [[KHL]] teams, the successful [[Ak Bars Kazan]], which is based in the capital city of [[Kazan]], and the [[HC Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk|Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk]], who play in the city of [[Nizhnekamsk]]. The state also has a [[Russian Major League]] team (the second highest hockey league in Russia), [[Neftyanik Almetyevsk]], who play in the city of [[Almetyevsk]]. There are also two [[Minor Hockey League]] teams, whom serve as an affiliate for the two KHL teams. A team also exists in the [[Russian Hockey League]], the [[HC Chelny]], who are based in the city of [[Naberezhnye Chelny]]. Another team plays in the [[MHL-B]] (the second level of junior ice hockey in Russia).', 583 => false, 584 => '[[Nail Yakupov]] is an ethnic Tatar who was drafted first overall in the [[2012 NHL Entry Draft]]', 585 => false, 586 => 'Twice Russian champions, [[Rubin Kazan]] play in the [[Russian Premier League]].', 587 => false, 588 => 'Former [[Association of Tennis Professionals|ATP]] No.1 [[Marat Safin]] and former [[Women's Tennis Association|WTA]] No.1 [[Dinara Safina]] are of Tatar descent.', 589 => false, 590 => 'Kazan is set to host the [[2013 Summer Universiade|XXVII Summer Universiade]] in 2013.', 591 => false, 592 => '==Education==', 593 => 'The most important facilities of higher education include [[Kazan State University]], [[Kazan State Medical University]], [[Kazan State Technological University]], World Information Distributed University, [[Kazan State Technical University]], [[Kazan State Finance and Economics Institute]] and [[Russian Islamic University]], all located in the capital Kazan.', 594 => false, 595 => '==Religion==', 596 => '{{Main|Islam in Tatarstan}}', 597 => '[[File:Mendeleyevsk mechet.jpg|250px|thumb|right|A Mosque in [[Mendeleyevsk]].]]', 598 => '[[File:Annunciation Cathedral - Kremlin - Kazan - Russia.JPG|250px|thumb|right|Orthodox Church in the [[Kazan]] Kremlin.]]', 599 => false, 600 => 'Established in 922, the first Muslim state within the boundaries of modern Russia was [[Volga Bulgaria]] from which the [[Tatars]] inherited [[Islam]]. Islam was introduced by missionaries<ref>[http://www.rferl.org/content/Tatarstan_Parliament_Introduces_New_Islam_Holiday/2167583.html Tatarstan Parliament Introduces New Islam Holiday]</ref> from [[Baghdad]] around the time of [[Ibn Fadlan]]'s journey in 922. Islam's long presence in Russia also extends at least as far back as [[Russo-Kazan Wars|the conquest of the Khanate of Kazan]] in 1552, which brought the [[Tatars]] and [[Bashkirs]] on the Middle [[Volga]] into Russia.', 601 => false, 602 => 'In the 1430s, the region became independent as the base of the [[Khanate of Kazan]], a capital having been established in [[Kazan]], 170&nbsp;km up the Volga from the ruined capital of the Bulgars. The Khanate of Kazan [[Russo-Kazan Wars|was conquered]] by the troops of Tsar [[Ivan IV of Russia|Ivan IV the Terrible]] in the 1550s, with Kazan being taken in 1552. Some Tatars were forcibly converted to Christianity and cathedrals were built in Kazan; by 1593, mosques in the area were destroyed. The Russian government forbade the construction of mosques, a prohibition that was not lifted until the 18th century by [[Catherine II of Russia|Catherine II]].', 603 => false, 604 => 'In 1990, there were only 100 mosques but the number, as of 2004, rose to well over 1,000. As of January 1, 2008, as many as 1,398 religious organizations were registered in Tatarstan, of which 1,055 were [[Muslim]]. Today, [[Sunni Islam]] is the most common faith in Tatarstan, as 55% of the population is [[Muslim]].<ref>Alexey D. Krindatch. ''Patterns of Religious Change in Postsoviet Russia: Major Trends from 1998 to 2003''. Religion, State & Society, Vol.&nbsp;32, No.&nbsp;2, June 2004. [http://www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/rss/32-2_115.pdf Published by BiblicalStudies.org.uk], p.&nbsp;123.</ref> In September 2010, [[Eid al fitr]] as well May 21, the day the [[Volga Bulgars]] embraced Islam, were made public holidays.<ref>[http://en.islamtoday.net/artshow-229-3786.htm Holiday Commemorating Arrival of Islam in Russia Ratified in Tatarstan]</ref> Tatarstan also hosted an international Muslim [[film festival]] which screened over 70 films from 28 countries including Jordan, Afghanistan and Egypt.<ref>[http://www.presstv.ir/detail/142716.html Tatarstan's Muslim filmfest kicks off]</ref>', 605 => false, 606 => 'The [[Russian Orthodox Church]] is the second largest active religion in Tatarstan, and has been so for more than 150 years,<ref>http://www.chanceforlove.com/archives/content/full/5870</ref> with an estimated 1.6 million followers made up of [[Ethnic Russians]], [[Mordvins]], [[Armenians]], [[Belarusians]], [[Mari people]], [[Georgians]], [[Chuvash people|Chuvash]] and a number of Orthodox [[Tatars]] which together constitute 45% of the 3.8 million population of Tatarstan. On the 23rd of August 2010 the “Orthodox monuments of Tatarstan” exhibition was held in Kazan by the Tatarstan Ministry of Culture and the Kazan Eparchy.<ref>[http://eng.tatar-inform.ru/news/tatarstan/2010/08/23/31280/ “Orthodox monuments of Tatarstan” exhibition to be held in Kazan<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> At all public events an [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] Priest is called upon along with an Islamic [[Mufti]].<ref>[http://www.kcn.ru/tat_en/politics/tat_rpbl/brief.htm Today's Tatarstan in brief<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>', 607 => false, 608 => 'The Muslim Religious Board of Tatarstan frequently organizes activities, like the '[[Islamic graffiti]] Contest' which was held on November 20, 2011.<ref>[http://kazantimes.com/arts/islamic-graffiti-contest-held-in-kazan/ Islamic Graffiti Contest Held In Kazan | KazanTimes<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>', 609 => false, 610 => '==See also==', 611 => '*[[Volga Tatars]]', 612 => '*[[List of Chairmen of the State Council of Tatarstan]]', 613 => '* [[List of rural localities in Tatarstan]]', 614 => '*[[List of Tatars]]', 615 => '*[[Music of Tatarstan]]', 616 => '*[[Whelky Tartar]]', 617 => false, 618 => '==References==', 619 => '{{Reflist|2}}', 620 => false, 621 => '==Further reading==', 622 => '* Kurbanov, Ruslan. [http://www.onislam.net/english/politics/asia/461544-tatarstan-smooth-islamization-sprinkled-with-blood.html Tatarstan: Smooth Islamization Sprinkled with Blood] ''OnIslam.net.'' Accessed: Feb. 26, 2013.', 623 => '*''Lost Cosmonaut: Observations of an Anti-tourist '' Daniel Kalder', 624 => '*''The Model of Tatarstan: Under President Mintimer Shaimiev'' Ravil Bukharaev', 625 => '*''The Volga Tatars: A Profile in National Resilience'' Azadeayse Rorlich', 626 => '*''Russia From Red to Black'' Roderick Heather', 627 => '*{{Cite Russian law', 628 => '|ru_date=30 ноября 1992 г.', 629 => '|ru_title=Конституция Республики Татарстан', 630 => '|ru_amendment_type=Закона', 631 => '|ru_amendment_date=14 марта 2005 г', 632 => '|en_date=November 30, 1992', 633 => '|en_title=Constitution of the Republic of Tatarstan', 634 => '|en_amendment_type=Law', 635 => '|en_amendment_date=March 14, 2005', 636 => '}}', 637 => false, 638 => '==External links==', 639 => '{{Commons category|Tatarstan}}', 640 => '*[http://tatarstan.ru/eng/ Official website of the Republic of Tatarstan]', 641 => '*[http://www.eng.tatar-inform.ru/ Information agency оf Tatarstan]', 642 => false, 643 => '{{Subdivisions of Russia}}', 644 => '{{TURKSOY}}', 645 => '{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2012}}', 646 => false, 647 => '[[Category:Tatarstan| ]]', 648 => '[[Category:States and territories established in 1920]]', 649 => '[[Category:Autonomous Turkic states]]', 650 => '[[Category:Members of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization]]', 651 => false, 652 => '{{Link FA|mk}}', 653 => '{{Link FA|tt}}' ]