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== Organization ==
== Organization ==
The 13th Arkansas was formally organized on 29 July 1861 at Camp Ground in Greene Co, Arkansas with about 1000 men. The companies (less Co. K) mustered into Confederate service at Harrisburg, Arkansas, on July 23, 1861. Company K, the "Erin Guards," was from St. Louis, Missouri; the rest of the companies were from northeast Arkansas.<ref name="history-sites1"/> Col. A. D. Grayson was the mustering officer. The original muster-in rolls were lost when the regiment's camp at Belmont, Missouri, was overrun by the enemy on November 7, 1861. The first available muster rolls are from the regimental reorganization in April 1862, which means there is a gap of nine months. As a result, the names of several hundred of the original members of the regiment are lost to history. In addition, when the regiment was reorganized for the war on April 29, 1862, the companies were redesignated, e.g., original Company K became new Company A, etc.<ref name="history-sites1"/> The regiment was organized from the following companies:<ref name="couchgenweb"/>
The 13th Arkansas was formally organized on 29 July 1861 at Camp Ground in Greene Co, Arkansas with about 1000 men. The companies (less Co. K) mustered into Confederate service at Harrisburg, Arkansas, on July 23, 1861. Company K, the "Erin Guards," was from St. Louis, Missouri; the rest of the companies were from northeast Arkansas.<ref name="history-sites1"/> Colonel A. D. Grayson was the mustering officer. The original muster-in rolls were lost when the regiment's camp at Belmont, Missouri, was overrun by the enemy on November 7, 1861. The first available muster rolls are from the regimental reorganization in April 1862, which means there is a gap of nine months. As a result, the names of several hundred of the original members of the regiment are lost to history. In addition, when the regiment was reorganized for the war on April 29, 1862, the companies were redesignated, e.g., original Company K became new Company A, etc.<ref name="history-sites1"/> The regiment was organized from the following companies:<ref name="couchgenweb"/>


* Company A - the "Tappan Guards" Captain R. B. Lambert, originally organized as a volunteer militia company under the 12th Militia Regiment of Phillips County on May 23, 1861, under the command of Captain [[James C. Tappan]].<ref name="commissioned"/>
* Company A - the "Tappan Guards" Captain R. B. Lambert, originally organized as a volunteer militia company under the 12th Militia Regiment of Phillips County on May 23, 1861, under the command of Captain [[James C. Tappan]].<ref name="commissioned"/>
Line 78: Line 78:
* E. T. WIMPY, Hospital Steward
* E. T. WIMPY, Hospital Steward
⚫
== Battles ==
Serving in the Western Department, the 13th Arkansas fought at the [[Battle of Belmont]], then moved east of the Mississippi River. <ref>United States. War Dept.. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union And Confederate Armies. Series 1, Volume 10, In Two Parts. Part 2, Correspondence, etc., Book, 1884; digital images, (http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth154614/m1/462/?q=Arkansas Corinth Battery : accessed June 15, 2012), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, http://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries, Denton, Texas.</ref>

In April 1862 the Confederate Army underwent an army-wide reorganization due to the passage of the Conscription Act by the Confederate Congress in April 1962.<ref>UPTON, EMORY, Bvt. Maj. Gen., United States Army; "THE MILITARY POLICY OF THE UNITED STATES" WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1912, Page 471, Congressional edition, Volume 6164, Google Books, Accessed 4 November 2011, http://books.google.com/books?id=2-tGAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA471&lpg=PA471&dq=Confederate+conscription+law+reorganization+regiment&source=bl&ots=7ptDBF0n2D&sig=-K_6PQoHglmh_SOzuobv_JyNWUw&hl=en#v=onepage&q=Confederate%20conscription%20law%20reorganization%20regiment&f=false</ref> All twelve-month regiments had to re-muster and enlist for two years or the duration of the war; a new election of officers was ordered; and men who were exempted from service by age or other reasons under the Conscription Act were allowed to take a discharge and go home. Officers who did not choose to stand for re-election were also offered a discharge. The reorganization was accomplished among all the Arkansas regiments in and around Corinth, Mississippi, following the Battle of Shiloh.<ref name="history-sites"/> The 13th Arkansas reorganized for the war on April 29, 1862,<ref>NARA M317. Compiled service records of Confederate soldiers from Arkansas units, http://www.fold3.com/image/#222030193</ref> and the following field officers were elected:
In April 1862 the Confederate Army underwent an army-wide reorganization due to the passage of the Conscription Act by the Confederate Congress in April 1962.<ref>UPTON, EMORY, Bvt. Maj. Gen., United States Army; "THE MILITARY POLICY OF THE UNITED STATES" WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1912, Page 471, Congressional edition, Volume 6164, Google Books, Accessed 4 November 2011, http://books.google.com/books?id=2-tGAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA471&lpg=PA471&dq=Confederate+conscription+law+reorganization+regiment&source=bl&ots=7ptDBF0n2D&sig=-K_6PQoHglmh_SOzuobv_JyNWUw&hl=en#v=onepage&q=Confederate%20conscription%20law%20reorganization%20regiment&f=false</ref> All twelve-month regiments had to re-muster and enlist for two years or the duration of the war; a new election of officers was ordered; and men who were exempted from service by age or other reasons under the Conscription Act were allowed to take a discharge and go home. Officers who did not choose to stand for re-election were also offered a discharge. The reorganization was accomplished among all the Arkansas regiments in and around Corinth, Mississippi, following the Battle of Shiloh.<ref name="history-sites"/> The 13th Arkansas reorganized for the war on April 29, 1862,<ref>NARA M317. Compiled service records of Confederate soldiers from Arkansas units, http://www.fold3.com/image/#222030193</ref> and the following field officers were elected:
<ref name="fold3.com"/>
<ref name="fold3.com"/>
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As a result of the reorganization in April 1862, the companies were re-lettered and new commanders were elected as follows:<ref name="history-sites2"/>
As a result of the reorganization in April 1862, the companies were re-lettered and new commanders were elected as follows:<ref name="history-sites2"/>


* Company A—Captain George B. Hunt (orig. Co. K)
* Company A—Captain George B. Hunt (origionally Company K)
* Company B—Captain Hiram F. Tennison (orig. Co. E)
* Company B—Captain Hiram F. Tennison (origionally Company E)
* Company C—Captain D. W. Hoshall (orig. Co. A)
* Company C—Captain D. W. Hoshall (origionally Company A)
* Company D—Captain Thomas R. Shelton (orig. Co. B)
* Company D—Captain Thomas R. Shelton (origionally Company B)
* Company E—Captain Reginald H. Thompson (see note)
* Company E—Captain Reginald H. Thompson (see note)
* Company F—Captain James H. Lloyd (orig. Co. D)
* Company F—Captain James H. Lloyd (origionally Company D)
* Company G—Captain Luther Dunn (orig. Co. G)
* Company G—Captain Luther Dunn (origionally Company G)
* Company H—Captain Capt. Henry M. Ellis (orig. Co. H)
* Company H—Captain Henry M. Ellis (origionally Company H)
* Company I—Captain Capt. Ivey S. Hughes (orig. Co. I)
* Company I—Captain Ivey S. Hughes (origionally CompanyI)
* Company K—Captain James M. Levesque (orig. Co. C)
* Company K—Captain James M. Levesque (origionally Company C)


Note: Company E (orig. Capt. R. C. Flournoy), from Desha County, had been attached to the 7th Kentucky Infantry as (old) Company K. It was transferred to the 13th Arkansas in the reorganization.<ref name="history-sites2"/>
Note: Company E (originally commanded by Captain R. C. Flournoy), from Desha County, had been attached to the 7th Kentucky Infantry as (old) Company K. It was transferred to the 13th Arkansas in the reorganization.<ref name="history-sites2"/>


⚫
The regiment suffered heavy casualties at the [[Battle of Shiloh]]. It lost 100 soldiers killed, wounded and missing, almost one third of the 306 engaged there. Colonel Tappan was sick and absent on the first day of the battle so command fell to Lieutenant Colonel A. D. Grayson, who was [[killed in action]] while leading a charge. Upon Grayson's death, command of the regiment fell to Major James A. McNeely.<ref>Official Records of the War of the Rebellion, Series 1, Volume 10, Part 1, Pages 430-431. Accessed at Confederatevets.com, 15 March 2012, http://www.confederatevets.com/documents/mcneely_13_ar_or_01_10_01_shiloh.shtml</ref> Despite their heavy losses at Shiloh the regiment continued to function as a part of the Army of the Mississippi. By the time they took part in the [[Battle of Perryville]] the regiment had received replacements from parts of the [[15th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Johnson's)]] which had had many of its soldiers captured following the [[Battle of Fort Donelson]]. The Regiment lost 6 killed and 23 wounded at the [[Battle of Richmond]], Kentucky. After taking an active part in the Kentucky Campaign, the unit was assigned to General Liddell's and Govan's Brigade, Army of Tennessee. The 13th Infantry was then consolidated with the [[15th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Josey's)|15th Arkansas Infantry Regiment]] and placed under the command of [[Colonel]] [[Lucius E. Polk]] of the 15th. It was consolidated with the 15th (Cleburne's-Polk's-Josey's) Regiment at Murfreesboro The 13th/15th reported 68 casualties in the fight at Murfreesboro. The 13th was field consolidated with the [[5th Arkansas Infantry Regiment|5th Arkansas]] in September, 1863 and remained consolidated with the 5th until the closing month of the war.<ref name="nps1"/> The regiment took part in the [[Battle of Chickamauga]] and the [[Tullahoma Campaign]] along with many other major engagements.<ref name="confederate93"/> The 5th/13th lost forty-five percent of the 450 at Chickamauga, had 21 men disabled at Ringgold Gap, totaled 321 men and 222 arms in December, 1863, and reported 112 casualties at the Battle of Atlanta.<ref name="nps1"/>
⚫
== Battles ==
⚫
Serving in the Western Department, the 13th Arkansas fought at the [[Battle of Belmont]], then moved east of the Mississippi River. The regiment suffered heavy casualties at the [[Battle of Shiloh]]. It lost 100 soldiers killed, wounded and missing, almost one third of the 306 engaged there. Colonel Tappan was sick and absent on the first day of the battle so command fell to Lieutenant Colonel A. D. Grayson, who was [[killed in action]] while leading a charge. Upon Grayson's death, command of the regiment fell to Major James A. McNeely.<ref>Official Records of the War of the Rebellion, Series 1, Volume 10, Part 1, Pages 430-431. Accessed at Confederatevets.com, 15 March 2012, http://www.confederatevets.com/documents/mcneely_13_ar_or_01_10_01_shiloh.shtml</ref> Despite their heavy losses at Shiloh the regiment continued to function as a part of the Army of the Mississippi. By the time they took part in the [[Battle of Perryville]] the regiment had received replacements from parts of the [[15th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Johnson's)]] which had had many of its soldiers captured following the [[Battle of Fort Donelson]]. The Regiment lost 6 killed and 23 wounded at the [[Battle of Richmond]], Kentucky. After taking an active part in the Kentucky Campaign, the unit was assigned to General Liddell's and Govan's Brigade, Army of Tennessee. The 13th Infantry was then consolidated with the [[15th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Josey's)|15th Arkansas Infantry Regiment]] and placed under the command of [[Colonel]] [[Lucius E. Polk]] of the 15th. It was consolidated with the 15th (Cleburne's-Polk's-Josey's) Regiment at Murfreesboro The 13th/15th reported 68 casualties in the fight at Murfreesboro. The 13th was field consolidated with the [[5th Arkansas Infantry Regiment|5th Arkansas]] in September, 1863 and remained consolidated with the 5th until the closing month of the war.<ref name="nps1"/> The regiment took part in the [[Battle of Chickamauga]] and the [[Tullahoma Campaign]] along with many other major engagements.<ref name="confederate93"/> The 5th/13th lost forty-five percent of the 450 at Chickamauga, had 21 men disabled at Ringgold Gap, totaled 321 men and 222 arms in December, 1863, and reported 112 casualties at the Battle of Atlanta.<ref name="nps1"/>


* [[Battle of Belmont]], Kentucky, November 7, 1861.
* [[Battle of Belmont]], Kentucky, November 7, 1861.

Revision as of 14:10, 16 June 2012

13th Arkansas Infantry (Confederate)
Arkansas state flag
Active1861 to 1865
CountryConfederate States of America
AllegianceCSA Dixie
BranchInfantry
EngagementsAmerican Civil War

Template:Infobox Arkansas Confederate Infantry Regiments

The 13th Arkansas Infantry (1861–1865) was a Confederate Army infantry regiment during the American Civil War. Organized mainly from companies, including several preware volunteer militia companies, raised in northeastern Arkansas, the regiment was among the first transferred to Confederate Service, and spent virtually the entire war serving in Confederate forces east of the Mississippi River. After the unit sustained heavy casualties during the Battle Murfreesboro, the unit spent most of the rest of the war field consolidated with the 13th Arkansas Infantry Regiment, to form the 5th/13th Arkansas Infantry Regiment.

Organization

The 13th Arkansas was formally organized on 29 July 1861 at Camp Ground in Greene Co, Arkansas with about 1000 men. The companies (less Co. K) mustered into Confederate service at Harrisburg, Arkansas, on July 23, 1861. Company K, the "Erin Guards," was from St. Louis, Missouri; the rest of the companies were from northeast Arkansas.[4] Colonel A. D. Grayson was the mustering officer. The original muster-in rolls were lost when the regiment's camp at Belmont, Missouri, was overrun by the enemy on November 7, 1861. The first available muster rolls are from the regimental reorganization in April 1862, which means there is a gap of nine months. As a result, the names of several hundred of the original members of the regiment are lost to history. In addition, when the regiment was reorganized for the war on April 29, 1862, the companies were redesignated, e.g., original Company K became new Company A, etc.[4] The regiment was organized from the following companies:[5]

  • Company A - the "Tappan Guards" Captain R. B. Lambert, originally organized as a volunteer militia company under the 12th Militia Regiment of Phillips County on May 23, 1861, under the command of Captain James C. Tappan.[6]
  • Company B - the "Richland Rangers", originally organized as a volunteer militia company in the 19th Militia Regiment[7] of St. Francis County, Arkansas, enlisted August 1, 1861, at Madison, Arkansas, under the command of Captain John C. Johnson, Captain J. R. Shelton succeeded Johnson in command.[8]
  • Company C - Commanded by Captain B. Harris from Phillips County, Arkansas, by the time of the Battle of Shiloh, 1st Lieutenant J. H. Hall had assumed command.
  • Company D - Commanded by Captain Andrew Balfour from Lawrence County, Arkansas.[9]
  • Company E - Commanded by Captain Hiram F. Tennison from Craighead County, Arkansas.
  • Company F - Commanded by Captain Thomas Wilds from Greene County, Arkansas.
  • Company G - Commanded by Captain Hogan W. Murphy from St. Francis County, Arkansas.
  • Company H - Commanded by Captain Braxton C. Crump from Crittenden County, Arkansas.
  • Company I - Commanded by Captain James M. Pollard from Craighead County, Arkansas.
  • Company K - the "Erin Guards," commanded by Captain George B. Hunt from St. Louis, Missouri.[4]

The original regimental officers elected at the formation of the regiment were:[10][11]

Colonel James C. Tappan, 13th Arkansas Infantry Regiment
  • James C. Tappan, Colonel
  • A. D. Grayson, Lieutenant Colonel
  • James A. McNeely, Major
  • William N. Mercer, Adjutant
  • P. Van Patten, Surgeon
  • E. T. WIMPY, Hospital Steward

Battles

Serving in the Western Department, the 13th Arkansas fought at the Battle of Belmont, then moved east of the Mississippi River. [12]

In April 1862 the Confederate Army underwent an army-wide reorganization due to the passage of the Conscription Act by the Confederate Congress in April 1962.[13] All twelve-month regiments had to re-muster and enlist for two years or the duration of the war; a new election of officers was ordered; and men who were exempted from service by age or other reasons under the Conscription Act were allowed to take a discharge and go home. Officers who did not choose to stand for re-election were also offered a discharge. The reorganization was accomplished among all the Arkansas regiments in and around Corinth, Mississippi, following the Battle of Shiloh.[14] The 13th Arkansas reorganized for the war on April 29, 1862,[15] and the following field officers were elected: [11]

James A. McNeely, Colonel (Resigned 27 May 1862) A. R. Brown, Lieutenant Colonel R. A. Duncan, Major Jasper F. Butler, Surgeon A. W. Cole, Assistant Surgeon Abner M. Casey, Chaplin B. B. Casey, Ordenance Sergeant

As a result of the reorganization in April 1862, the companies were re-lettered and new commanders were elected as follows:[16]

  • Company A—Captain George B. Hunt (origionally Company K)
  • Company B—Captain Hiram F. Tennison (origionally Company E)
  • Company C—Captain D. W. Hoshall (origionally Company A)
  • Company D—Captain Thomas R. Shelton (origionally Company B)
  • Company E—Captain Reginald H. Thompson (see note)
  • Company F—Captain James H. Lloyd (origionally Company D)
  • Company G—Captain Luther Dunn (origionally Company G)
  • Company H—Captain Henry M. Ellis (origionally Company H)
  • Company I—Captain Ivey S. Hughes (origionally CompanyI)
  • Company K—Captain James M. Levesque (origionally Company C)

Note: Company E (originally commanded by Captain R. C. Flournoy), from Desha County, had been attached to the 7th Kentucky Infantry as (old) Company K. It was transferred to the 13th Arkansas in the reorganization.[16]

The regiment suffered heavy casualties at the Battle of Shiloh. It lost 100 soldiers killed, wounded and missing, almost one third of the 306 engaged there. Colonel Tappan was sick and absent on the first day of the battle so command fell to Lieutenant Colonel A. D. Grayson, who was killed in action while leading a charge. Upon Grayson's death, command of the regiment fell to Major James A. McNeely.[17] Despite their heavy losses at Shiloh the regiment continued to function as a part of the Army of the Mississippi. By the time they took part in the Battle of Perryville the regiment had received replacements from parts of the 15th Arkansas Infantry Regiment (Johnson's) which had had many of its soldiers captured following the Battle of Fort Donelson. The Regiment lost 6 killed and 23 wounded at the Battle of Richmond, Kentucky. After taking an active part in the Kentucky Campaign, the unit was assigned to General Liddell's and Govan's Brigade, Army of Tennessee. The 13th Infantry was then consolidated with the 15th Arkansas Infantry Regiment and placed under the command of Colonel Lucius E. Polk of the 15th. It was consolidated with the 15th (Cleburne's-Polk's-Josey's) Regiment at Murfreesboro The 13th/15th reported 68 casualties in the fight at Murfreesboro. The 13th was field consolidated with the 5th Arkansas in September, 1863 and remained consolidated with the 5th until the closing month of the war.[10] The regiment took part in the Battle of Chickamauga and the Tullahoma Campaign along with many other major engagements.[18] The 5th/13th lost forty-five percent of the 450 at Chickamauga, had 21 men disabled at Ringgold Gap, totaled 321 men and 222 arms in December, 1863, and reported 112 casualties at the Battle of Atlanta.[10]

African Americans in Confederate Service

A Lieutenant Shelton of the 13th Arkansas apparently took an African American slave with him to battle:[20]

“In the recent battle of Belmont, lieutenant Shelton, of the 13th Arkansas Infantry regiment, had his servant Jack in the fight. Both Jack and his master were wounded, but not till they had made most heroic efforts to drive back the insolent invaders. Finally, after Jack had fired at the enemy twenty-seven times, he fell seriously wounded in the arm. Jacks’ son was upon the field, and loaded the rifle for his father, who shot at the enemy three times after he was upon the ground. Jack’s son hid behind a tree, and when the enemy retreated, they took him to Cairo and refused to let him return. Jack was taken from the field in great pain, and brought to the Overton Hospital, where he bore his sufferings with great fortitude till death relieved him of his pains yesterday. His example may throw a flood of light upon the fancied philanthropy of abolitionism. Jack was a brave and obedient servant, and deserves all praise for his heroic conduct upon the bloody field of Belmont.[20]

Flags

There are two flags associated with the 13th Arkansas known to be in existence; the flag of the Erin Guards, Company K, and the flag of the combined 5th and 13th Arkansas Infantry regiment. The flag of the Erin Guards is a 1st National Flag Pattern with the words "VICTORY or DEATH" inscribed on the white strip. The flag had a circle of ten stars on a blue field with an eleventh star in the center of the circle. The flag is currently in the collection of the Missouri Historical Society in St. Louis, Missouri.[21]

The flag of the 5th and 13th Consolidated Arkanas Infantry Regiment, and its flag staff, are thought to be in private hands. The flag of the combined 5th/13th Arkansas was issued in March, 1864 and was captured by Benjamin Newman of the 88th Illinois Infantry at the battle of Franklin, Tennessee.[22] The flag-staff for this flag is also in private hands and it is stenciled; "5th & 6th Arkansas - B. Newman". The curator of the Carter House in Franklin, Tom Carter, says it was mistakenly labeled, and should have been the "5th & 13th", which were consolidated at the time of the battle. The 6th Arkansas by that time was consolidated with the 7th Arkansas. Research shows the flag at that time was a "white moon on a blue field".[23] The 5th/13th Arkansas flag, was one of five captured by the 88th Illinois at the Battle of Franklin, and none were forwarded to the War Department. It was last seen at Nashville when the 88th Illinois displayed the captured flags to General Thomas. The division commander stated, "They were afterward sent home by those who captured them. Since then they have been ordered to be returned, and will be forwarded to department headquarters as soon as they arrive." However, none were ever returned.[24]

Consolidation and Surrender

The remnants of ten depleted Arkansas regiments, along with one mostly-Arkansas regiment, in the Army of Tennessee were consolidated into a single regiment at Smithfield, North Carolina, on April 9, 1865. The 1st Arkansas, was lumped together with the 2nd, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 15th, 19th and 24th Arkansas Infantry Regiments and the 3rd Confederate Infantry Regiment as the 1st Arkansas Consolidated Infantry.[18] On April 26, 1865 the 1st Arkansas Consolidated Infantry Regiment was present with the Army of Tennessee when it surrendered in Greensboro, North Carolina.[25]

Additional Reading

Hughes, Nathaniel Cheairs, The Civil War Memoir of Philip Dangerfield Stephenson, D.D., Private, Company K., 13th Arkansas Volunteer Infantry, and Loader, Piece No.4, 5th Company, Washington Artillery. Conway, AR: University of Central Arkansas Press, 1995.

See also

References

  1. ^ Sifakis, Stewart, Compendium of the Confederate Armies, Florida and Arkansas, Facts on File, Inc., 1992, ISBN 978-0-8160-2288-5, page 96
  2. ^ United States. War Dept. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union And Confederate Armies. Series 1, Volume 20, In Two Parts. Part 1, Reports., Book, 1887, Page 173; digital images, (http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth154629/m1/183/?q=Arkansas%20Infantry : accessed February 17, 2012), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, http://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries, Denton, Texas.
  3. ^ a b Cleburne's Pickett's Mill Battle Report, O.R.– SERIES 1–VOLUME XXXVIII/3, May I-September 8, 1864. – THE ATLANTA (GEORGIA) CAMPAIGN, No. 608.–Report of Maj. Gen. Patrick R. Cleburne, C. S. Army, commanding division, of operations May 7–27, republished at Pickett's Mill Battlefield Historic Site, Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Accessed 15 February 2012, http://www.gastateparks.org/item/121726?ran=612032762. Archived 2012-02-18.
  4. ^ a b c Howterton, Bryan, "Re: LH Tennison & HF Tennison 13th Arkansas Infant" , Arkansas in the Civil War Message Board, Posted, 28 November 2010, 9:37 pm Accessed 8 August 2011, http://history-sites.com/cgi-bin/bbs53x/arcwmb/webbbs_config.pl?noframes;read=22842
  5. ^ Sharpy, Sandy, "THIRTEENTH ARKANSAS INFANTRY REGIMENT", Article from the Memphis Daily Appeal, Tennessee State Library and Archives, Roll No. Jan 1, 1862 - June 9, 1862, Book Aprl. 12, Page 2 Col. 2, Edward G. Gerdes Civil War Page, Accessed 8 August 2011, http://www.couchgenweb.com/civilwar/13caslst.htm
  6. ^ Arkansas Military Department Records, Spanish American War, List of Commissioned Officers of the Militia 1827–1862, Arkansas History Commission, Microfilm Roll 38-8
  7. ^ Arkansas Military Department Records, List of Commissioned Officers in State Militia 1827–1862, Microfilm Roll 00000038-8, p. 280
  8. ^ Morgan, James Logan, "THE RICHLAND RANGERS: COMPANY D, of the l3th ARKANSAS INFANTRY REGIMENT", Woodruff County Historical Society, Accessed 8 August 2011, http://www.couchgenweb.com/civilwar/richnote.htm
  9. ^ Howerton, Bryan, "Re: 13th Arkansas", Arkansas in the Civil War Message Board, Posted, 9 August 2011, 3:47 pm, Accessed 9 August 2011, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=13th_Arkansas_Infantry_Regiment&action=edit&section=1
  10. ^ a b c National Park Service, Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System, Confederate Arkansas Troops, 13th Regiment, Arkansas Infantry. Retrieved 27 January 2011.
  11. ^ a b Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers Who Served in Organizations from the State of Arkansas. NARA M317. Accessed 15 March 2012, http://www.fold3.com/image/#20%7C222028708
  12. ^ United States. War Dept.. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union And Confederate Armies. Series 1, Volume 10, In Two Parts. Part 2, Correspondence, etc., Book, 1884; digital images, (http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth154614/m1/462/?q=Arkansas Corinth Battery : accessed June 15, 2012), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, http://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries, Denton, Texas.
  13. ^ UPTON, EMORY, Bvt. Maj. Gen., United States Army; "THE MILITARY POLICY OF THE UNITED STATES" WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1912, Page 471, Congressional edition, Volume 6164, Google Books, Accessed 4 November 2011, http://books.google.com/books?id=2-tGAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA471&lpg=PA471&dq=Confederate+conscription+law+reorganization+regiment&source=bl&ots=7ptDBF0n2D&sig=-K_6PQoHglmh_SOzuobv_JyNWUw&hl=en#v=onepage&q=Confederate%20conscription%20law%20reorganization%20regiment&f=false
  14. ^ Howerton, Bryan, "14th Arkansas Regiment, No. 1", Arkansas in the Civil War Message Board, Accessed 29 July 2011, http://history-sites.com/cgi-bin/bbs53x/arcwmb/webbbs_config.pl?noframes;read=14705
  15. ^ NARA M317. Compiled service records of Confederate soldiers from Arkansas units, http://www.fold3.com/image/#222030193
  16. ^ a b Howerton, Bryan, "Re: 13th Arkansas", Arkansas in the Civil War Message Board, Posted 9 August 2011, Accessed 9 August 2011, http://history-sites.com/cgi-bin/bbs53x/arcwmb/webbbs_config.pl?noframes;read=24563
  17. ^ Official Records of the War of the Rebellion, Series 1, Volume 10, Part 1, Pages 430-431. Accessed at Confederatevets.com, 15 March 2012, http://www.confederatevets.com/documents/mcneely_13_ar_or_01_10_01_shiloh.shtml
  18. ^ a b Sikakis, Stewart, Compendium of the Confederate Armies, Florida and Arkansas, Facts on File, Inc., 1992, ISBN 978-0-8160-2288-5, page 93.
  19. ^ United States. War Dept. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union And Confederate Armies. Series 1, Volume 20, In Two Parts. Part 1, Reports., Book, 1887; digital images, (http://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth154629 : accessed February 06, 2012), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, http://texashistory.unt.edu; crediting UNT Libraries, Denton, Texas.
  20. ^ a b One Hundred Fifty Years Ago: Negro's Support the Confederacy", Arkansas Toothpick, Accessed 3 December 2011, http://arkansastoothpick.com/2011/12/fifty-years-ago-negros-support-confederacy/
  21. ^ Dedmondt, Glenn "The Flags Of Civil War Arkansas", (Pelican Publishing Co., 2009). ISBN 978-1-58980-190-5, page 54
  22. ^ Biggs, Greg. "Re: 5th Arkansas Infantry", The Civil War Flags Message Board, Posted 19 January 2007, Accessed 15 February 2012, http://history-sites.com/cgi-bin/bbs53x/cwflags/webbbs_config.pl?read=5234. Archived 2012-02-23.
  23. ^ Wernick, John. "Re: 5th Arkansas Infantry", The Civil War Flags Message Board, Posted 10 January 2008, Accessed 15 February 2012, http://history-sites.com/cgi-bin/bbs53x/cwflags/webbbs_config.pl?read=5234. Archived 2012-02-23.
  24. ^ Howerton, Bryan R. "Re: Captured Regimental Flags" Arkansas in the Civil War Message Board, Posted 11 January 2009, Accessed 19 February 2012
  25. ^ 1st Arkansas Infantry Regiment, CSA
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