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[[File:Lesser coat of arms of the Kingdom of Italy (1890).svg|thumb|Lesser [[coat of arms of Italy|coat of arms]] of the [[Kingdom of Italy]] (1890)]] |
[[File:Lesser coat of arms of the Kingdom of Italy (1890).svg|thumb|Lesser [[coat of arms of Italy|coat of arms]] of the [[Kingdom of Italy]] (1890)]] |
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'''FERT''' (sometimes tripled, ''FERT, FERT, FERT''), the [[motto]] of the |
'''FERT''' (sometimes tripled, ''FERT, FERT, FERT''), the [[motto]] of the royal house of [[Kingdom of Sardinia|Savoy-Sardinia]] and [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]], the [[House of Savoy]],<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=byk_DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA428&dq=fert+latin+motto&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiOoJ2irLDaAhWKaVAKHTyzA3kQ6AEIPjAE#v=onepage&q=fert%20latin%20motto&f=false|title=Ut pictura amor: The Reflexive Imagery of Love in Artistic Theory and Practice, 1500-1700|last=Melion|first=Walter|last2=Zell|first2=Michael|last3=Woodall|first3=Joanna|date=2017-11-09|publisher=BRILL|year=|isbn=9789004346468|location=|pages=428|language=en}}</ref> was adopted by King [[Vittorio Amedeo II]] (1666–1732).<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LHYIavGtTCkC&pg=PA230&dq=fert+savoy&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjb6Iy4rLDaAhWGKFAKHd94C34Q6AEIMTAB#v=onepage&q=fert%20savoy&f=false|title=Historic Devices, Badges, and War-cries by Mrs. Bury Palliser|last=|first=|date=1870|publisher=S. Low, Son & Marston|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=230|language=en}}</ref> |
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It appeared for the first time on the collar of the [[Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation]] or ''Ordine Supremo della Santissima Annunziata'', the primary dynastic order of the kingdom. This ceased to be a national order when Italy became a republic in 1946. The order remains under the jurisdiction of the head of the House of Savoy, however, as hereditary Sovereign and Grand Master. |
It appeared for the first time on the collar of the [[Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation]], or ''Ordine Supremo della Santissima Annunziata'', the primary dynastic order of the kingdom.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=mFcMAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA811&dq=fert+latin+motto&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiOoJ2irLDaAhWKaVAKHTyzA3kQ6AEIOTAD#v=onepage&q=fert%20latin%20motto&f=false|title=Encyclopaedia Londinensis; or an universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature ...|last=Sussex.)|first=John Wilkes (of Milland House|date=1812|publisher=publisher not identified|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=811|language=en}}</ref> This ceased to be a national order when Italy [[Italian institutional referendum, 1946|became a republic]] in 1946. The order remains under the jurisdiction of the head of the House of Savoy, however, as hereditary Sovereign and Grand Master. |
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The meaning of the letters has been a matter of some controversy, to which a number of interpretations have been offered. The motto is believed an [[acronym]] of:<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=fpQlBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA293&dq=Foedere+et+Religione+Tenemur&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwja7IG0sLDaAhUDKMAKHV56CXsQ6AEINDAC#v=onepage&q=Foedere%20et%20Religione%20Tenemur&f=false|title=Ulwencreutz's The Royal Families in Europe V|last=Ulwencreutz|first=Lars|date=November 2013|publisher=Lulu.com|year=|isbn=9781304581358|location=|pages=293|language=en}}</ref> |
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The meaning of the letters has been a matter of some controversy, to which a number of interpretations have been offered. The motto is believed an [[acronym]] of:— |
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*''Foedere et Religione Tenemur'' (Latin: "We are bound by treaty and by religion"); |
*''Foedere et Religione Tenemur'' (Latin: "We are bound by treaty and by religion"); |
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*''Fortitudo Eius Rhodum Tenuit'' (Latin: "His strength conquered Rhodes" or "By his bravery he held [or occupied] Rhodes"), referring to the victory of [[Amadeus V, Count of Savoy]] (1249–1323), who fought against the [[Saracens]] at the [[1315 siege of Rhodes]]; or either |
*''Fortitudo Eius Rhodum Tenuit'' (Latin: "His strength conquered Rhodes" or "By his bravery he held [or occupied] Rhodes"), referring to the victory of [[Amadeus V, Count of Savoy]] (1249–1323), who fought against the [[Saracens]] at the [[1315 siege of Rhodes]];<ref name=":0" /> or either |
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*''Fortitudo Eius Rempublicam Tenet'' (Latin: "His bravery [or strength] preserves [or defends] the state"); or |
*''Fortitudo Eius Rempublicam Tenet'' (Latin: "His bravery [or strength] preserves [or defends] the state"); or |
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*''Fides Est Regni Tutela'' (Latin: "Faith is the protector of [our] Kingdom"). |
*''Fides Est Regni Tutela'' (Latin: "Faith is the protector of [our] Kingdom"). |
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It has also been suggested that the letters are actually the [[Latin]] word ''[[Wiktionary:fert|fert]]'' (third-person singular present active indicative of ''ferre''), meaning "[he/she/it] suffers/bears", possibly referring to [[Jesus]] bearing the [[sin]]s of the world. |
It has also been suggested that the letters are actually the [[Latin]] word ''[[Wiktionary:fert|fert]]'' (third-person singular present active indicative of ''ferre''), meaning "[he/she/it] suffers/bears", possibly referring to [[Jesus]] bearing the [[sin]]s of the world. |
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<gallery widths= |
<gallery widths="300" heights="180"> |
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Vitrail aux armes d'Amédée VIII-h.jpg|<center>Stained glass with the coat of [[Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy]] |
File:Vitrail aux armes d'Amédée VIII-h.jpg|<center>Stained glass with the coat of [[Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy]]</center> |
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Palazzo dei gran maestri di rodi, salone fert 04.JPG|<center>The motto in the main hall of the [[Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes]]</center> |
File:Palazzo dei gran maestri di rodi, salone fert 04.JPG|<center>The motto in the main hall of the [[Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes]]</center> |
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</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[A.E.I.O.U.]] |
*[[A.E.I.O.U.]] – another motto of a European dynasty (the [[House of Habsburg]]) whose precise meaning and origin is unclear |
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== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Fert}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fert}} |
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Revision as of 18:58, 10 April 2018
.svg?lang=en)
FERT (sometimes tripled, FERT, FERT, FERT), the motto of the royal house of Savoy-Sardinia and Italy, the House of Savoy,[1] was adopted by King Vittorio Amedeo II (1666–1732).[2]
It appeared for the first time on the collar of the Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation, or Ordine Supremo della Santissima Annunziata, the primary dynastic order of the kingdom.[3] This ceased to be a national order when Italy became a republic in 1946. The order remains under the jurisdiction of the head of the House of Savoy, however, as hereditary Sovereign and Grand Master.
The meaning of the letters has been a matter of some controversy, to which a number of interpretations have been offered. The motto is believed an acronym of:[4]
- Foedere et Religione Tenemur (Latin: "We are bound by treaty and by religion");
- Fortitudo Eius Rhodum Tenuit (Latin: "His strength conquered Rhodes" or "By his bravery he held [or occupied] Rhodes"), referring to the victory of Amadeus V, Count of Savoy (1249–1323), who fought against the Saracens at the 1315 siege of Rhodes;[2] or either
- Fortitudo Eius Rempublicam Tenet (Latin: "His bravery [or strength] preserves [or defends] the state"); or
- Fides Est Regni Tutela (Latin: "Faith is the protector of [our] Kingdom").
It has also been suggested that the letters are actually the Latin word fert (third-person singular present active indicative of ferre), meaning "[he/she/it] suffers/bears", possibly referring to Jesus bearing the sins of the world.
-
Stained glass with the coat of Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy -
The motto in the main hall of the Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes
See also
- A.E.I.O.U. – another motto of a European dynasty (the House of Habsburg) whose precise meaning and origin is unclear
References
- ^ Melion, Walter; Zell, Michael; Woodall, Joanna (2017-11-09). Ut pictura amor: The Reflexive Imagery of Love in Artistic Theory and Practice, 1500-1700. BRILL. p. 428. ISBN 9789004346468.
- ^ a b Historic Devices, Badges, and War-cries by Mrs. Bury Palliser. S. Low, Son & Marston. 1870. p. 230.
- ^ Sussex.), John Wilkes (of Milland House (1812). Encyclopaedia Londinensis; or an universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature ... publisher not identified. p. 811.
- ^ Ulwencreutz, Lars (November 2013). Ulwencreutz's The Royal Families in Europe V. Lulu.com. p. 293. ISBN 9781304581358.