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{{short description|Portuguese explorer}}
{{short description|Portuguese explorer}}
{{redirect|Esteban Gómez|the 19th-century Venezuelan military officer|Francisco Esteban Gómez}}
{{redirect|Esteban Gómez|the 19th-century Venezuelan military officer|Francisco Esteban Gómez}}
{{refimprove|article|date=March 2012}}
'''Estêvão Gomes''', also known in the [[Spanish Language|Spanish]] version of his name as '''Esteban Gómez''' ([[Porto]], [[Kingdom of Portugal]], c. 1483 - [[Paraguay River]], 1538), was a [[Portugal|Portuguese]] [[cartography|cartographer]] and [[exploration|explorer]]. He sailed at the service of [[Crown of Castile|Castile]] (Spain) in the fleet of [[Ferdinand Magellan]], but deserted the expedition when they had reached the [[Strait of Magellan]],<ref>{{Cite book|title=Over the Edge of the World: Magellan's Terrifying Circumnavigation of the Globe|last=Bergreen|first=Laurence|publisher=Harper Collins|year=2009|location=|pages=|language=en}}</ref> and returned to Spain in May 1521. In 1524 he explored present-day [[Nova Scotia]] sailing South along the [[Maine]] coast. While historical accounts vary, Gomes may have entered [[New York Harbor]] and seen the [[Hudson River]]. Because of his expedition, the 1529 [[Diogo Ribeiro]] world map outlines the East coast of North America almost perfectly.
'''Estêvão Gomes''', also known in the [[Spanish Language|Spanish]] version of his name as '''Esteban Gómez''' ([[Porto]], [[Kingdom of Portugal]], c. 1483 - [[Paraguay River]], 1538), was a [[Portugal|Portuguese]] [[cartography|cartographer]] and [[exploration|explorer]]. He sailed at the service of [[Crown of Castile|Castile]] (Spain) in the fleet of [[Ferdinand Magellan]], but deserted the expedition when they had reached the [[Strait of Magellan]],<ref>{{Cite book|title=Over the Edge of the World: Magellan's Terrifying Circumnavigation of the Globe|last=Bergreen|first=Laurence|publisher=Harper Collins|year=2009|location=|pages=|language=en}}</ref> and returned to Spain in May 1521. In 1524 he explored present-day [[Nova Scotia]]. While historical accounts vary, Gomes may have entered [[New York Harbor]] and seen the [[Hudson River]]. Because of his expedition, the 1529 [[Diogo Ribeiro]] world map outlines the East coast of North America almost perfectly.
[[Image:Map of America-Ribero (1529).jpeg|thumb|200px|right|Nineteenth Century hand-drawn detail of the American coast from a world map by [[Diogo Ribeiro]] (1529), where the Northern half of the East coast of the current US is named as '''Tierra de Esteban Gómez''']]
[[Image:Map of America-Ribero (1529).jpeg|thumb|200px|right|Nineteenth Century hand-drawn detail of the American coast from a world map by [[Diogo Ribeiro]] (1529), where the Northern half of the East coast of the current US is named as '''Tierra de Esteban Gómez''']]


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Gomes was able to convince [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Charles V]] to finance a new expedition to find a northern passage to the [[Maluku Islands|Spice Islands]], the fabled [[Northwest Passage]]. A 50-ton [[caravel]], ''La Anunciada'', was built for the purpose.<ref name=dcb/>
Gomes was able to convince [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Charles V]] to finance a new expedition to find a northern passage to the [[Maluku Islands|Spice Islands]], the fabled [[Northwest Passage]]. A 50-ton [[caravel]], ''La Anunciada'', was built for the purpose.<ref name=dcb/>


The expedition sailed on September 24, 1524 from [[A Coruña]], with 29 men forming the crew. He arrived in [[Cuba]] and later sailed north. Since there is no written account of the voyage, and only a map, there is considerable disagreement about Gomes' itinerary. Gomes may have gotten as far east as the [[Cabot Strait]] and [[Cape Breton Island|Cape Breton]] (in today's [[Canada|Canadian]] province of [[Nova Scotia]]). He also entered [[Upper New York Bay]] and the [[Hudson River]] (which he named the "San Antonio River"). However, whether he went first east and searched west, or went west and searched east, is disputed.<ref>{{cite book|author=W. F. Ganong|title=Crucial Maps in the Early cartography and Place-Nomenclature of the Atlantic Coast of Canada|date=1964|publisher=University of Toronto Press|page=135}}</ref> In either direction, he passed through [[Maine]], where he thought the estuary of the [[Penobscot River]] to be the passage. Gomes returned to Spain on August 21, 1525.<ref name=dcb>{{Cite DCB |last=Vigneras |first=L.-A. |title=Gomes, Estêvão |volume=1 |url =http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/gomes_estevao_1E.html}}</ref> During his voyage, Gomes abducted over 50 natives and took them back to Spain as evidence of a potentially lucrative slave trade. [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]] was reportedly horrified and set them free.<ref name="Hunter2010">{{cite book|author=Douglas Hunter|title=Half Moon: Henry Hudson and the Voyage That Redrew the Map of the New World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kMykb1AbSHsC&pg=PA136|accessdate=18 March 2012|date=31 August 2010|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA|isbn=978-1-60819-098-0|page=136}}</ref>
The expedition sailed on September 24, 1524 from [[A Coruña]], with 29 men forming the crew. He arrived in [[Cuba]] and later sailed north.<Ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=52ORHd5S4y4C&pg=PA39&lpg=PA39&dq=Est%C3%AAv%C3%A3o+Gomes&source=bl&ots=Q-MZHdtitt&sig=ACfU3U3FnvHo9Xh6xcq5SNXjmcXlBdu47g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi6zdb6yvLpAhX2hXIEHbIcCTA4FBDoATAGegQIChAB#v=onepage&q=Est%C3%AAv%C3%A3o%20Gomes&f=false Lawson, Russell M., ''The Sea Mark: Captain John Smith's Voyage to New England'', University Press of New England, 2015, p. 39]{{ISBN| 9781611687170}}</ref> Since there is no written account of the voyage, and only a map, there is considerable disagreement about Gomes' itinerary. Gomes may have gotten as far east as the [[Cabot Strait]] and [[Cape Breton Island|Cape Breton]] (in today's [[Canada|Canadian]] province of [[Nova Scotia]]). He also entered [[Upper New York Bay]] and the [[Hudson River]] (which he named the "San Antonio River"). However, whether he went first east and searched west, or went west and searched east, is disputed.<ref>{{cite book|author=W. F. Ganong|title=Crucial Maps in the Early cartography and Place-Nomenclature of the Atlantic Coast of Canada|date=1964|publisher=University of Toronto Press|page=135}}</ref> In either direction, he passed through [[Maine]], where he thought the estuary of the [[Penobscot River]] to be the passage. Gomes returned to Spain on August 21, 1525.<ref name=dcb>{{Cite DCB |last=Vigneras |first=L.-A. |title=Gomes, Estêvão |volume=1 |url =http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/gomes_estevao_1E.html}}</ref> During his voyage, Gomes abducted over 50 natives and took them back to Spain as evidence of a potentially lucrative slave trade. [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]] was reportedly horrified and set them free.<ref name="Hunter2010">{{cite book|author=Douglas Hunter|title=Half Moon: Henry Hudson and the Voyage That Redrew the Map of the New World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kMykb1AbSHsC&pg=PA136|accessdate=18 March 2012|date=31 August 2010|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA|isbn=978-1-60819-098-0|page=136}}</ref>


As a result of his expedition, the 1529 [[Diogo Ribeiro]] world map outlines the East coast of North America almost perfectly. For a long time, the Northern half of the current US coast was named on maps as ''Tierra de Esteban Gómez''.
As a result of his expedition, the 1529 [[Diogo Ribeiro]] world map outlines the East coast of North America almost perfectly. For a long time, the Northern half of the current US coast was named on maps as ''Tierra de Esteban Gómez''.

Revision as of 16:43, 8 June 2020

"Esteban Gómez" redirects here. For the 19th-century Venezuelan military officer, see Francisco Esteban Gómez.

Estêvão Gomes, also known in the Spanish version of his name as Esteban Gómez (Porto, Kingdom of Portugal, c. 1483 - Paraguay River, 1538), was a Portuguese cartographer and explorer. He sailed at the service of Castile (Spain) in the fleet of Ferdinand Magellan, but deserted the expedition when they had reached the Strait of Magellan,[1] and returned to Spain in May 1521. In 1524 he explored present-day Nova Scotia. While historical accounts vary, Gomes may have entered New York Harbor and seen the Hudson River. Because of his expedition, the 1529 Diogo Ribeiro world map outlines the East coast of North America almost perfectly.

Nineteenth Century hand-drawn detail of the American coast from a world map by Diogo Ribeiro (1529), where the Northern half of the East coast of the current US is named as Tierra de Esteban Gómez

Biography

Gomes was born in Porto, northern Portugal, and probably sailed on Portuguese ships during his youth. In 1518, he moved to Castile, where he was appointed a pilot in the Casa de Contratación in Seville.[2]

In 1519, Gomes sailed with Magellan in the First Circumnavigation of Earth, as the pilot of the San Antonio. When they had reached the Strait of Magellan, though, he and several other men on the San Antonio deserted the expedition,[3] returning to Spain with the San Antonio in May 1521. He was immediately jailed, but when the remaining ship of Magellan's expedition reached Spain in September 1522, and the surviving crew related their terrible experience, he was freed.

Gomes was able to convince Emperor Charles V to finance a new expedition to find a northern passage to the Spice Islands, the fabled Northwest Passage. A 50-ton caravel, La Anunciada, was built for the purpose.[2]

The expedition sailed on September 24, 1524 from A Coruña, with 29 men forming the crew. He arrived in Cuba and later sailed north.[4] Since there is no written account of the voyage, and only a map, there is considerable disagreement about Gomes' itinerary. Gomes may have gotten as far east as the Cabot Strait and Cape Breton (in today's Canadian province of Nova Scotia). He also entered Upper New York Bay and the Hudson River (which he named the "San Antonio River"). However, whether he went first east and searched west, or went west and searched east, is disputed.[5] In either direction, he passed through Maine, where he thought the estuary of the Penobscot River to be the passage. Gomes returned to Spain on August 21, 1525.[2] During his voyage, Gomes abducted over 50 natives and took them back to Spain as evidence of a potentially lucrative slave trade. Charles V was reportedly horrified and set them free.[6]

As a result of his expedition, the 1529 Diogo Ribeiro world map outlines the East coast of North America almost perfectly. For a long time, the Northern half of the current US coast was named on maps as Tierra de Esteban Gómez.

In 1535, Gomes joined Pedro de Mendoza's expedition to Río de la Plata. During the expedition, he was killed in the Paraguay River by Indians (1538).

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Bergreen, Laurence (2009). Over the Edge of the World: Magellan's Terrifying Circumnavigation of the Globe. Harper Collins.
  2. ^ a b c Vigneras, L.-A. (1979) [1966]. "Gomes, Estêvão". In Brown, George Williams (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. I (1000–1700) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
  3. ^ Guillemard, Francis Henry Hill. The Life of Ferdinand Magellan, G. Philip & son, 1890, p. 203
  4. ^ Lawson, Russell M., The Sea Mark: Captain John Smith's Voyage to New England, University Press of New England, 2015, p. 39ISBN 9781611687170
  5. ^ W. F. Ganong (1964). Crucial Maps in the Early cartography and Place-Nomenclature of the Atlantic Coast of Canada. University of Toronto Press. p. 135.
  6. ^ Douglas Hunter (31 August 2010). Half Moon: Henry Hudson and the Voyage That Redrew the Map of the New World. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 136. ISBN 978-1-60819-098-0. Retrieved 18 March 2012.

Arsène Francoeur NGANGA.,2017,Estéban Gomez et Mathieu Dacosta:Marins noirs sur l'atlantique(XVIe et XVIIe siècles).Préface du professeur John.K.Thornton,Edilivre(France).ISBN 9782414167166.

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