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Atlantis (Aquaman)

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For other uses of Atlantis in comics, including other DC Comics, see Atlantis (disambiguation) § Books, and Atlantis in comics.
Atlantis
Atlantis in Suicide Squad (2016) #46, art by Jose Luis (penciler), Jordi Tarragona & Vicente Cifuentes (inkers), Adriano Lucas (color).
First appearanceMore Fun Comics #87 (January 1943)
Created byJoseph Greene
Louis Cazeneuve
Based onAtlantis
GenreSuperhero
In-universe information
TypeContinent
Race(s)Various; most notably Atlanteans
CharactersAquaman, Mera, Tempest, Aqualad, Ocean Master, Arion, etc.
PublisherDC Comics

Atlantis, sometimes also called the Kingdom of Atlantis or the Atlantean Empire, is a fictional civilization appearing American comic books published by DC Comics based upon the mentioning of the island within Plato's works Timaeus and Critias. First appearing in More Fun Comics #87 (May 1942), the setting is often associated with the hero Aquaman. Within the DC Universe, Atlantis houses various aquatic-based human lifeforms whose biological adaptations often originate from both environmental changes when Atlantis sunk in a cataclysmic event within its history and influence from its magical origins.[1] A nation considered a superpower, it is often stated to be among the oldest and most sophisticated civilization within the fictional universe throughout its collective history and possess significant technological and magical capabilities.[2] Historically a hereditary monarchy, many stories involving Atlantis as a setting focuses on conflicts regarding its succession of leaders, diplomatic relations with the global world, and its fictional cultural heritage.[3][4]

Atlantis made its cinematic debut in the 2017 film Justice League, set in the DC Extended Universe, and was later more prominently featured in the 2018 film Aquaman and the 2023 film Aquaman and the Lost Kingdom.

Publication history

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While Golden Age of Comics version of Atlantis exists, the version in the "Aquaman" tales first appeared in Adventure Comics #260, in a story by writer Robert Bernstein and artist Ramona Fradon.[5][6] The history of Atlantis was detailed in The Atlantis Chronicles, a 7-issue miniseries published by DC Comics from March to September 1990. It was written by Peter David, and illustrated by Esteban Maroto. The series focused on a series of Atlantean historical manuscripts, also called The Atlantis Chronicles, and chronicled the rise and fall of Atlantis. Each issue dealt with a separate era or event in Atlantis' past, beginning with its sinking, as told through the royal historian's point of view.

Fictional history

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Original background

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Map of Atlantis from Aquaman: Sword of Atlantis #42 (March 2007), art by Ricardo Villagran.

Atlantis's origins is traced to from a cosmic being that created deities from the magical dimension of Darkworld. These deities became the earliest known Lords of Chaos and Order. Among the deities includes siblings Gemini, Chaon, and Tynan, who represent order, chaos, and the balancing between them respectively. Chief among them is Calculha, a deity affiliated with light and goodness.[4]

The benevolent Calculha and his queen, Earthborn goddess Dark Majistra, eventually ruled over a prosperous Atlantis after ending its early warring state and it came to be populated by the homo magi. Their union proved incompatible over the ages. Their children, Arion and Garn Daanuth, were separated at birth and trained in sorcery, with Calculha aligning Arion with the Lords of Order and Majistra training Daanuth as a Lord of Chaos. This family conflict erupted when Majistra's attempt to use the Zodiac Crystals to empower herself to create a golden age using dark magic leading to Majistra's displacement, Daanuth's mystical scarring, Calculha's entrapment, Arion's forced displacement of body and soul, and the tilting of Earth's axis, causing an Ice Age and a reliance on technology for Atlantis over the millennia.[7][2] Arion was reborn a millennia later during the wanning days of Atlantis. Teaming up with Chian and Wyynde, Arion becomes a renowned mystical warrior of legend as he worked to end the Ice Age and protect Atlantis from threats as magic continued to wane.[2] Daanuth, over the millennia, became a powerful sorcerer and Lord of Chaos whose black magic made him remain potent and inherited his mother's position as ruler of Mu. The pair would cross paths in conflict, learning of their brotherhood during their father's final moments, and Daanuth is eventually sealed away. However, Atlantis eventually sinks during a decisive battle between Arion and Chaon, which disperse the survivors throughout the world.[7]

An alternate account of its early history also details an extraterrestrial race known as the "Hunter/Gatherers" or "Gatherers", who colonized early prehistoric Earth but were later opposed by the Annunake, a dragon-like marine race which managed to form a formidable resistance enough to drive them. Although conflicting historical information from both Atlantean and the Hunter/Gatherers arise at the specific result of the conflict, one account stating they were driven away while another ended mutually, the Gatherers and Annunuke were both ancestors of the modern Atlantean and Gatherers at least influenced Atlantean society of flourish over time alongside Homo erectus, the precursors of modern man.[8]

Taking place after Arion's reign, who was unaware Atlantis wasn't completely destroyed, a defensive dome was eventually constructed by King Orin, but a meteor destroyed much of the surface world, sinking the city in a second similar cataclysm. Orin's brother, Shalako, led a group through tunnels to reclaim the sunken city of Tritonis, whose inhabitants had not survived. Atlantean scientists later developed a serum that allowed them to breathe underwater, and the usage of magic in Tritonis further mutated the Tritonians to have fish-tails. Some descendants of Shalako's son Dardanus inherited his telepathic abilities, marked by rare blonde hair. Dardanus's son Kordax could command sea creatures, and after leading a Tritonian revolution, was exiled, with children born with the "mark of Kordax" generally abandoned.

Revised background

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After the New 52 reboot, Atlantis's history changed over time, incorporating much of the history from Arion, Lord of Atlantis comic book title and nearly complete revised the backstory originally detailed in Aquaman and The Atlantis Chronicles. Within the new continuity, Atlantis's origin is once more connected to Darkworld but is revealed to be a piece of the Great Darkness[9] and possess a variant of magical power considered uncontrollable and volatile to all but those who originate from the realm.[1] The homo magi would come to inhabit Atlantis, with some originating from early pilgrimages from the Rock of Eternity.[10]

Similar to earlier histories, Calculha and Majistra reined[11] but also had a rivalry with the Greek god Poseidon. Their union produced twins Arion ("Ahri'ahn") and Garn Daanuth, both of whom were Lords of Chaos and Order born with human bodies.[11] Coming to appreciate Atlantis, he eventually became a mentor to Arion. During Arion's reign as king, his progressive agenda led to a golden age of both magical and mystical advancement and held a benevolent alliance with the Amazons of Themyscira. This eventually fell apart when Arion sought to expand his nation influence into space and offer sea gods from other planets a cosmic energy known as the Life Force, originating from Poseidon's trident. Poseidon's envious nature, however, made him deceive Arion into thinking the alien ocean gods he invited were conquerors. Feeling responsible for putting Earth in danger, he used his magic and technology to invert the Life Force into the Death Force, enabling him to kill the ocean gods but at the cost of his sanity.[12] Arion was believed killed[12] although the royal family of that time concealed events as he disappeared for a millennia.[11] A legend was concocted around his death as a cautionary tale against exploration, ironically fueling isolationist tendencies he fought against in his lifetime and dissolved the alliance with the Amazons.[12]

In another notable reign thousands of years later, Atlan's time saw another prosperous time during the wanning days leading to Atlantis sinking. A unifier,[13] Atlan fought magical threats to his kingdom[14] but became more brutal after his rule was usurped by his brother, Orin, who disapproved of him accepting outside kingdoms into Atlantis, killed his family, and in a failed assassination attempted, oust him from rule.[13] Using the knowledge he amassed from the last tribe to accepted into the kingdom, the Deserters, he forged the Trident of Neptune out of Nth metal but at the expense of betraying them, with two factions within the Deserters returning to their homes traced back to both modern day Russia[15] and Africa.[16] In his grief, he sinks Atlantis but fails to kill off the rest of Orin's family, who alongside other Atlanteans adapted for life underwater. Orin's family becomes the leading royal family members but over time, many believe themselves to be descendants of Atlan.[13]

Notable locations

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College of the Silent School

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The College of the Silent School is a notable Atlantean guild that acts as a school, teaching magic to Atlantean magicians. Considered the most prestigious Atlantean school of magic, it is led by a headmaster that acts as a government official (Elder) over magical activities in Atlantis and protects the kingdom from magical-related threats. The school is also considered one of the most secure places on Earth. The hero known as Tempest was once a student of the Silent School.[17][18]

Ninth Tride of Atlantis

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The Ninth Tride of Atlantis is a district in Atlantis consisting of outcasts, dissidents, gangs, and mutants. The Ninth Tride is considered the poorest district and one of the few areas of Atlantis not inherently loyal to the monarch ruler and their cabinet.[18]

Poseidonis

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Poseidonis is the capital of Atlantis named after the Greek God of the Ocean, Poseidon. It serves as Aquaman's main base of operations and is the administrative center of Atlantis.

City of the Golden Gate

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The City of the Golden Gate is the former capital of ancient Atlantis long before it sunk. Like its successor Poseidonis, the city once served as the administrative center of ancient Atlantis and is named after the city's golden-like appearance as well as having a gate notable for fending off invaders. The Golden Gate City would serve as the main base of operations and setting in several story arcs of the Arion, Lord of Atlantis series.

City-States

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There are different Atlantean city-states:

The Seven Kingdoms

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  • Xebel: An extradimensional penal colony for an ancient group of separatist Atlanteans, locked behind a sealed portal in the Bermuda Triangle.[19] In modern continuities, Xebel is typically under the leadership of Nereus. [20][21] It is the birthplace of Mera, who is the daughter of the former King. Considered a formidable kingdom, Xebel has less resources than Atlantis due to being sealed behind a portal, forcing the population to gather materials through unlikely shipwrecks in the Bermuda Triangle.[22]
  • Kingdom of the Trench: Located in a trench near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, the kingdom is home to a race of the Trench, a vicious cannibalistic, ocean-dwelling creatures with a piscine humanoid appearance. Initially, the Trench were characterized as being hostile to all other ocean-dwelling races, including Atlanteans.[23] Later, it was revealed that the Trench was once a kingdom, a fact previously unknown. Over time, the Trench is later seen to be in more neutral terms with the other kingdoms. The Trench Kingdom is ruled by the Trench Queen.[24]
  • Kingdom of the Deserters: Historically the last kingdom accepted prior to Atlantis being sunk, it is known for its metallurgy and rare metals which include Nth metal and orichalcum. It is the only kingdom that remained unchanged, having retreated from Atlantis when Atlan planned to sink the empire.[25]
  • Kingdom of the Brine: A kingdom composed of bulky, anthropomorphic crustaceans. Unlike other kingdoms, this was originally introduced in the DC Extended Universe prior to being moved into comics.
  • Kingdom of the Wrights: A kingdom consisting of humanoid sea otters with the ability to breathe underwater.[24]
  • Kingdom of the Sea Lights: A kingdom consisting of green-haired, bioluminescent humanoids with the ability to breathe underwater.[24]

Others

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  • Dagon: A kingdom founded by Ocean Master primarily composed of dissidents and refugees from the Ninth Tride dissastified with Aquaman and Mera's rule. Eventually, Ocean Master's manipulative agenda and nearly causing civil war to expand his influence causes him to lose power once more and the city-state is accepted into Atlantis.[24]
  • Lemuria: Lemuria is an underwater city based upon fictional continent of the same name.[26] The city is inhabited by a scientifically advanced race of blue-skinned humanoids covered in part with large green scales.[26][27]
  • Mu: In DC Comics, Mu is one of Atlantis's former city-states and a major location in the Arion, Lord of Atlantis series. The city was once ruled by the titular character's estranged family members, Garn Daanuth and Dark Majistra, the former using force in order to suppress and supersede the rulership of his successors after a political movement caused Atlantis to use science instead of magic and replaced its sorcerous rulers. The inhabitant's culture, appearance, and architecture would resemble ancient Egyptians. The city would eventually fall into decay during Garn's rulership as he sought to invade the City of the Golden Gate and rule the entire kingdom of Atlantis and fell into antiquity.
  • Sub Diego: Sub Diego is the new name of a portion of the city of San Diego, California which was submerged during an artificially generated earthquake, part of a plan which changed part of the surviving population into sub-aquatic beings. The city had a recent increase in population due to an influx of refugees from Atlantis, following the destruction of that city by the Spectre. Roughly 50 weeks after the Infinite Crisis, an unknown event caused part of the Sub Diego population to be changed back into air-breathers. Thus, Aquaman had to use magic to make a huge part of the city return on the surface, joined to the rest of San Diego. It is still unknown how much of Sub Diego stayed submerged.

Outposts

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  • Venturia: A outpost and subsea realm situated somewhere beneath the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean.
  • Aurania: A sister city of Ventura and outpost.

List of tribes and groups

[edit]

Races and tribes

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  • Homo magi: Referred to also as "Atlanteans", they're a fictional race of humans who evolved in a parallel but separate line and were acclimated to possessing and controlling magical energies innately.[28] They're the ancestors of the modern day Atlanteans and various other tribes which appeared after the historical sinking of Atlantis, biologically adapting to survive living in the deep ocean.[4]
  • Atlantean: Descendants of the homo magi race who evolved after the cataclysmic event known as the Deluge, which sunk the continent and its survivors adapted. Like their ancestors, they shared a natural inclination of magic and often combined it with technology.[4]
  • Xebellian: A subsect of Atlanteans whose ancestors were exiled to a penal colony. Primarily in Xebel, they're known to be more culturally martial, patriarchal, and are renown for some of their members retaining an innate telepathic control over water. While typically a feature of royalty, other outside members also exhibit the ability.[29]
  • Idyllist: A subsect of Atlanteans who possess purple eyes, denoting an ability to having an innate encyclopedic knowledge of the history of Atlantis. Mistaken for having dark magic potential, they were subjected to racism within Atlantis until Atlanna secretly moved them to Pacifica, abdicating her claim throne in the process.[30]

Military groups

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  • The Drift: A specialized black-ops group which performs more clandestine espionage missions. It is composed elite fighters within Atlantis.[3] They also acted as a secret police force under direct command of the monarch.[31]
  • The Kingsguard: Also known as the Atlantean Royal Guard, they act as bodyguards for the current reining monarch and important figures in Atlantis.
  • Men-Of-War: The frontline army of the Atlantean military.[13]

Other groups

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  • The Widowhood: A religious order that manages the spiritual affairs of Atlantis with support of its monarch, officiates wedding, and advises the monarch in interpersonal family matters. It is considered among most sacred organizations,[32] able to select successors in dire times and employs fixers with lethal capabilities. The organization is composed primarily of women.[31]

In other media

[edit]

Television

[edit]
  • Atlantis appears in the TV shows that are part of the DCAU:
    • In Superman: The Animated Series, Atlantis was hidden for centuries until Aquaman came up to confront Lex Luthor after a recent LuthorCorp underseas construction project.
    • It is also featured in Justice League, where the League helped Aquaman deal with an attempted coup by Orm.
  • In the Powerless episode "Sinking Day", Van Wayne and Emily Locke managed to close a deal with the Lost City of Atlantis to supply them with security solutions after Wayne Security loses their contract with Ace Chemicals.
  • Atlantis is featured in The Flash. On Earth-1, it is a lost city. On Earth-2, it is above the water and is a play that nobody wants to leave. In the episode "The Darkness and the Light", Hunter Zolomon loves Atlantis and makes a reference to an unidentified friend of his that lives there. In "Welcome to Earth-2", the Barry Allen of Earth-2 was able to arrange for his parents to go to Atlantis on their anniversary. In "Escape from Earth-2", the Barry Allen of Earth-2 and his Iris West relocated to Atlantis after Flash freed Barry Allen of Earth-2 and Jesse Quick from Zoom. In "Death of the Speed Force" taking place sometime after "Crisis on Infinite Earths" and the formation of Earth-Prime, Atlantis is on Earth-Prime as Cisco Ramon mentions that he visited it. In "Pay the Piper", Cisco mentions that he noticed a component on Atlantis that might help to form a perpetual motion machine.
  • Atlantis is featured throughout the series Young Justice with a history specific to the show's Earth-16:
    • Atlantis began as a tribe once led by Vandal Savage where he and his metahuman offspring lived in harmony. Following an assault by a lord of chaos, the tribe and its inhabitants, save for Savage, were destroyed.
    • Years later Atlantis rose again ruled by Vandal's grandson, Arion. Arion was later bequeathed a crown from the lords of order and with it birthed the ancestors of the world's Homo magi. Atlantis became an advanced metropolis bustling with both Homo magi and Metahumans. Upon returning to Atlantis, Savage suggested that his grandson sink the city to further Atlantean evolution. Realizing the potential casualties, Arion objected to the idea. Savage, however, remembered that he had a thousand-year contract with Klarion the Witch Boy, the lord of chaos who had previously decimated Atlantis, that was due to be fulfilled soon. Vandal used his agreement with Klarion to sink the continent of Atlantis, allowing Klarion to ring chaos upon the earth. The sinking killed thousands but unlocked the metagenes of the Homo magi of Atlantis, allowing the Atlanteans to begin an orderly rule over the depths of the sea.
    • In the present day, it is revealed King Arion had survived his apparent death when Atlantis fell. He returned to the Atlantic capital of Poseidonis to thwart Ocean Master and purge the chaotic red magic poisoning the sea. In doing so, Arion unknowingly fulfilled a prophecy between he, Ocean Master, and Mera, that of which would determine the true king of Atlantis. Arion arose as the victor in the eyes of the Atlanteans much to his dismay as Arion believed himself to be a failure because of Atlantis' sinking.

Film

[edit]
  • Atlantis appears in Justice League: Throne of Atlantis.
  • Atlantis appears in the films set in the DC Extended Universe:
    • Atlantis is featured in Justice League and its director's cut. The Atlanteans assisted the tribes of men, the Amazons, the Olympian Gods, and the Green Lantern Corps in fighting Steppenwolf's army. After the battle, Zeus entrusted one of the Mother Boxes to the Atlanteans for safekeeping.
    • Atlantis was featured heavily in Aquaman where there are seven kingdoms that formed after the original Atlantis sank into the ocean: Atlantis, Xebel, the Kingdom of the Trench, the Kingdom of the Brine, the Kingdom of the Fishermen, the Kingdom of the Deserters, and a missing one. Xebel is a military power that rivals Atlantis. The Trench reside in the deepest part of the ocean. The Kingdom of the Brine consists of crustacean-like humanoids. The Kingdom of the Fishermen is inhabited by fish-like merfolk. The Kingdom of the Deserters died out when the Sahara Desert first became a desert when it was formerly an inland sea. The missing kingdom is an unknown one and it is said to have collapsed along with the Deserter Kingdom. Ocean Master planned to unite the different kingdoms in his war against the surface world. After winning the favor of Mera's father King Nereus (portrayed by Dolph Lundgren) of Xebel, Ocean Master led him to the Fisherman Kingdom. He killed King Ricou (motion-captured by Andrew Crawford and voiced by Djimon Hounsou) of the Fishermen when he declined and Ocean Master persuaded his wife Queen Rina (motion-captured by Natalia Safran) and daughter Princess Scales (motion-captured by Sophie Forrest) to take up his offer. When it came to the Brine, its king (motion-captured by Andrew Crawford and voiced by John Rhys-Davies) agreed to lend his army with him not swearing his allegiance to Ocean Master. Before Ocean Master can kill the Brine King, Aquaman arrives with an army of sea creatures, the Trench, and the sea monster Karathen as Mera persuades her father to side with Aquaman. At the end of the film when Aquaman defeats Ocean Master, Atlantis, Xebel, the Fishermen, and the Brine swear allegiance to their new king.
    • Atlantis appears in Aquaman and the Lost Kingdom. Arthur and Mera are now the king and queen of Atlantis, with Arthur in conflict with the Council of Atlantis, who object to his plan to expose Atlantis to the surface due to natural disasters affecting them all. In addition, the remnants of the Deserters are shown to be an unspecified mutated species and have been surviving by substituting the liquid needed for their survival with blood as they guard Ocean Master's cell while working for the Fishermen. Atlantis is attacked by Black Manta, who has the black trident of Atlan's evil brother Kordax and ancient Atlantean technology found by Dr. Stephen Shin. He breaks into Atlantis's orichalcum reserves to fuel Shin's Atlantean machines, which emit large amounts of greenhouse gases, not only raising planetary temperatures and causing extreme weather and ocean acidification, but which had previously almost caused a planetary extinction when used by the ancient Atlantean kingdom called Necrus ruled by Kordax, the brother of King Atlan and creator of the black trident. In the end, after the defeating Kordax and Black Manta and the destroying Necrus, knowing that the unification of the underwater kingdoms and the surface world is necessary, Arthur finally reveals Atlantis' existence through an announcement at the United Nations and declares his intention to make the kingdom a member state.

References

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  1. ^ a b V, Ram; Watters, Dan (2022-07-19). Justice League Dark: The Great Wickedness. DC Comics. ISBN 978-1-77951-882-8.
  2. ^ a b c Who's Who: The Definitive Directory of the DC Universe #1. DC Comics. 1985.
  3. ^ a b Johns, Geoff (2013-11-19). Aquaman Vol. 3: Throne of Atlantis. DC. ISBN 978-1-4012-4851-2.
  4. ^ a b c d Kuppenburg, Paul (1990). Atlas of the DC Universe. DC Comics.
  5. ^ Hunt, James (17 December 2018). "Aquaman: What are the Seven Kingdoms of Atlantis?". Den of Geek.
  6. ^ Anderson, David. "Aquaman's Atlantis - Truth, Fiction, Or Something In Between?". Forbes. Retrieved 23 February 2020.
  7. ^ a b Kupperburg, Paul (1982–1985). Arion, Lord of Atlantis (1982-1985) #1-35, Special #1. DC Comics.
  8. ^ Aquaman (vol. 2) #17-24. DC Comics.
  9. ^ Tynion (IV), James (2019). Justice League Dark (2018), Volume 1: The Last Age of Magic. DC Comics.
  10. ^ IV, James Tynion; V, Ram (2019-10-22). Justice League Dark Vol. 2: Lords of Order. DC Comics. ISBN 978-1-77950-374-9.
  11. ^ a b c The DC comics encyclopedia: the definitive guide to the characters of the DC universe. Matthew K. Manning, Stephen Wiacek, Melanie Scott, Nick Jones, Landry Q. Walker, Alan Cowsill (New ed.). New York, New York. 2021. ISBN 978-0-7440-2056-4. OCLC 1253363543.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)
  12. ^ a b c Snyder, Scott (2019). Justice League, Aquaman: Drowned Earth, issue #1. Dan Abnett, James, IV Tynion, Francis Manapul, Lan Medina, Clayton Henry, Vicente Cifuentes. [United States]. ISBN 978-1-77950-062-5. OCLC 1158913809.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  13. ^ a b c d Johns, Geoff (2014-05-20). Aquaman Vol. 4: Death of A King (The New 52). DC. ISBN 978-1-4012-5212-0.
  14. ^ Bunn, Cullen (2016-04-26). Aquaman Vol. 7: Exiled. DC. ISBN 978-1-4012-6964-7.
  15. ^ Jurgens, Dan; Ostrander, John (2015-01-27). Aquaman and the Others Vol. 1: Legacy of Gold. DC. ISBN 978-1-4012-5786-6.
  16. ^ Brown, Chuck (2022-08-02). Black Manta. National Geographic Books. ISBN 978-1-77951-713-5.
  17. ^ Williams, Rob (2019). Aquaman/Suicide Squad: sink Atlantis. Dan Abnett, José Luis, Joe Bennett, Jordi Tarragona, Vicente Cifuentes, Adriano Lucas. Burbank, CA. ISBN 978-1-4012-9072-6. OCLC 1077578368.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  18. ^ a b Abnett, Dan (2018). The crown comes down. Phillip Kennedy Johnson, Riccardo Federici, Max Fiumara, Rick Leonardi, Sunny Gho, Dave Stewart. Burbank, CA. ISBN 978-1-4012-8069-7. OCLC 1042078252.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  19. ^ Brightest Day #6 (July 2010). DC Comics.
  20. ^ Aquaman (vol. 5) #25 (November 2013). DC Comics.
  21. ^ Mera: Queen of Atlantis #4. DC Comics.
  22. ^ Abnett, Dan (2018). Mera, Queen of Atlantis, #1-6. Lan Medina, Norm Rapmund, Veronica Gandini, Simon Bowland, Stanley Lau. [United States]. ISBN 978-1-4012-9013-9. OCLC 1083334950.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  23. ^ Johns, Geoff (2012). Aquaman, Volume 1: The Trench. Ivan Reis, Joe Prado, Rod Reis, Nick Napolitano, Paul Norris. New York. ISBN 978-1-4012-3551-2. OCLC 777657672.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  24. ^ a b c d DeConnick, Kelly Sue (2021). Aquaman, Vol. 4: Echoes of a Life Lived Well. DC Comics. ISBN 978-1-77950-588-0.
  25. ^ Brown, Chuck (2022). Black Manta. Valentine De Landro, Matthew Dow Smith, Marissa Louise, Clayton Cowles. Burbank, CA. ISBN 978-1-77951-713-5. OCLC 1301902741.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  26. ^ a b Super Team Family #13-14 (November 1977) and Secret Society of Super Villains #10 (October 1977). DC Comics.
  27. ^ All-Star Comics #62 (October 1976). DC Comics.
  28. ^ Weiss, Ehrich (1988). Secret Origins v2 #27. DC Comics.
  29. ^ Abnett, Dan (2018-07-25). Mera: Queen of Atlantis (2018-) #6. DC Comics.
  30. ^ Jurgens, Dan (2015-07-07). Aquaman Vol. 6: Maelstrom. DC. ISBN 978-1-4012-6022-4.
  31. ^ a b Abnett, Dan (2018-01-30). Aquaman Vol. 4: Underworld Part 1. DC Comics. ISBN 978-1-4012-8385-8.
  32. ^ Abnett, Dan (2017-04-18). Aquaman Vol. 2: Black Manta Rising. DC Comics. ISBN 978-1-4012-7703-1.
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