翠雀花素

翠雀花素
	IUPAC名; 2-(3,4,5-Trihydroxyphenyl)chromenylium-3,5,7-triol
识别
CAS号	13270-61-6 ; 528-53-0（氯化物）
PubChem	68245
ChemSpider	114185
SMILES	Oc3cc(O)cc(c3CC2O)OC2c(cc1O)cc(O)c1O;
InChI	1/C15H10O7.ClH/c16-7-3-9(17)8-5-12(20)15(22-13(8)4-7)6-1-10(18)14(21)11(19)2-6;/h1-5H,(H5-,16,17,18,19,20,21);1H;
InChIKey	FFNDMZIBVDSQFI-UHFFFAOYAW
ChEBI	28436
性质
化学式	C15H11O7+
摩尔质量	303.24 g·mol⁻¹
	若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

翠雀花素（英文：delphinidin) ，也叫飞燕草素、花翠素，是最常见的花青素之一，既是一种植物色素也是一种抗氧化剂。^[1] 翠雀花素在翠雀属和堇菜属植物中的存在导致显现蓝色。^[2]它还给了赤霞珠葡萄的蓝红色，并且存在于越橘属浆果、康科德葡萄和石榴中。^[2]像几乎所有其他花色素一样，翠雀花素是pH值敏感的，并且在酸性溶液中变为红色，在碱性溶液中变为蓝色。

翠雀花素是一种很好的酸碱指示剂，遇碱变蓝，遇酸变红。

糖苷衍生物

由翠雀花素衍生的花色素苷包括蓝翠雀花苷（cyanodelphin）、紫翠雀花苷（violdelphin）、郁金香花苷（tulipanin）、黑果越橘苷（英语：myrtillin）（myrtillin）、茄色苷（nasunin）等。

蓝翠雀花苷、紫翠雀花苷（英语：violdelphin）和郁金香花苷（英语：tulipanin）分别负责翠雀花的蓝色、紫色和粉紫色。^[3]

参考资料

^ AFAQ Farrukh; SYED Deeba N.; MALIK Arshi; HADI Naghma; SARFARAZ Sami; KWEON Mee-Hyang; KHAN Naghma; MOHAMMAD ABU ZAID; MUKHTAR Hasan. Delphinidin, an anthocyanidin in pigmented fruits and vegetables, protects human HaCaT keratinocytes and mouse skin against UVB-mediated oxidative stress and apoptosis. Journal of investigative dermatology. 2007, 127 (1): 222–232. doi:10.1038/sj.jid.5700510.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Ribereau-Gayon, Jean; Ribereau-Gayon, Pascal. The anthocyans and leucoanthocyans of grapes and wines. American Journal of Enology. 1958, 9: 1–9.
^ Kazushige, Honda; Kiyoshi Tsutsuia; Keizo, Hosokawa. Analysis of the flower pigments of some Delphinium species and their interspecific hybrids produced via ovule culture. Scientia Horticulturae. 1999, 82: 125-134.

[1] AFAQ Farrukh; SYED Deeba N.; MALIK Arshi; HADI Naghma; SARFARAZ Sami; KWEON Mee-Hyang; KHAN Naghma; MOHAMMAD ABU ZAID; MUKHTAR Hasan. Delphinidin, an anthocyanidin in pigmented fruits and vegetables, protects human HaCaT keratinocytes and mouse skin against UVB-mediated oxidative stress and apoptosis. Journal of investigative dermatology. 2007, 127 (1): 222–232. doi:10.1038/sj.jid.5700510.

[Eno-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Ribereau-Gayon, Jean; Ribereau-Gayon, Pascal. The anthocyans and leucoanthocyans of grapes and wines. American Journal of Enology. 1958, 9: 1–9.

[3] Kazushige, Honda; Kiyoshi Tsutsuia; Keizo, Hosokawa. Analysis of the flower pigments of some Delphinium species and their interspecific hybrids produced via ovule culture. Scientia Horticulturae. 1999, 82: 125-134.

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