받아들이는 마음

받아들이는 마음(팔리어: sampaṭicchanacitta, sampaṭicchana 삼빠딧차나 찟따, 영어: receiving consciousness)은 특히 상좌부의 교학과 아비담마에서 사용하는 용어로, 과거에 쌓은 업의 결과로서, 감각적 대상을 만났을 때의 인식과정의 한 단계에서 그 감각적 대상을 받아들이는 작용을 하는 '의근의 한 유형으로서의 마음'이며, 구체적으로는 다음의 총 2가지의 마음을 말한다.^[1]

해로운 과보의 마음에 속한 '평온이 함께한 받아들이는 마음'
원인 없는 유익한 과보의 마음에 속한 '평온이 함께한 받아들이는 마음'

과거에 쌓은 업이 불선업(해로운 업)인 경우 과보로서 마음에 들지 않는 감각적 대상 즉 괴로운 감각적 대상 또는 슬픈(우울한) 감각적 대상과 만나게 되는데 이 경우에 위 두 마음 중 첫 번째 것이 인식과정 중에 일어난다. 과거에 쌓은 업이 선업(유익한 업)인 경우 과보로서 마음에 드는 감각적 대상 즉 즐거운 감각적 대상 또는 기쁜 감각적 대상과 만나게 되는데 이 경우에 위 두 마음 중 두 번째 것이 인식과정 중에 일어난다.

받아들이는 마음은 다음의 분류 또는 체계에 속한다.

욕계 마음 一 54가지
- 해로운 마음 一 12가지 一 누적 12가지
- 원인 없는 마음 一 18가지 一 누적 30가지
  - 해로운 과보의 마음 一 7가지
    1. 평온이 함께한 안식
    2. 평온이 함께한 이식
    3. 평온이 함께한 비식
    4. 평온이 함께한 설식
    5. 고통이 함께한 신식
    6. 평온이 함께한 받아들이는 마음
    7. 평온이 함께한 조사하는 마음
  - 원인 없는 유익한 과보의 마음 一 8가지
    1. 평온이 함께한 안식
    2. 평온이 함께한 이식
    3. 평온이 함께한 비식
    4. 평온이 함께한 설식
    5. 즐거움이 함께한 신식
    6. 평온이 함께한 받아들이는 마음
    7. 기쁨이 함께한 조사하는 마음
    8. 평온이 함께한 조사하는 마음
  - 원인 없는 작용만 하는 마음 一 3가지
- 욕계 아름다운 마음 一 24가지 一 누적 54가지

의근과 의식

받아들이는 마음은 안식 · 이식 · 비식 · 설식 · 신식 · 의식의 6식 중 의식이 아니라 안근 · 이근 · 비근 · 설근 · 신근 · 의근의 6근 중 의근(마노)이다.^[2] 즉, 의식 즉 제6의식의 한 유형이 아니라 의근의 한 유형이다. 18계의 법체계로는 의식계가 아닌 의계에 속한다. 즉, 받아들이는 마음은 식(識 = 心, 마음, 앎)이 아닌 근(根, 인식도구, 앎의 도구)이다.

그렇기는 하지만, 의근은 안근 · 이근 · 비근 · 설근 · 신근의 5근과 같은 신체적 물질이 아닌 정신적 물질 또는 작용기관 또는 인식도구이므로, 안식 · 비식 · 설식 · 신식 · 의식의 6식과 함께 7심계(七心界)에 속한다. 따라서 '마음'(心, citta)이라고 할 수 있다.

평온

불교에 따르면, 모든 마음은 반드시 느낌을 동반한다. 즉, 고수(괴로움) · 낙수(즐거움) · 우수(슬픔) · 희수(기쁨) · 사수(평온, 무덤덤함, 괴롭지도 즐겁지도, 슬프지도 기쁘지도 않음)의 5수 중의 하나와 함께한다.

인식과정 중에 받아들이는 마음이 일어나는 단계는 아직 그 대상이 괴로운 대상인지 즐거운 대상인지 괴롭지도 즐겁지도 않은 대상인지, 슬픈 대상지 기쁜 대상인지 슬프지도 기쁘지도 않은 대상에 대한 확정적인 판단이 내려지기 전의 단계이기 때문에 받아들이는 마음은 사수 즉 평온과 함께한다.^[3]

인식과정에서의 받아들이는 마음

감각적 대상의 인식과정, 즉, 전5식의 대상 즉 색경 · 성경 · 미경 · 향경 · 촉경이 해당하는 근 즉 안근 · 이근 · 비근 · 설근 · 신근 앞에 나타날 때의 인식과정 중 초기 6단계는 아비담마에 따르면 다음과 같다. 초기 6단계를 통해 그 감각적 대상을 대략적으로 인식하며, 그 감각적 대상을 세부적으로 명확히 인식하기까지에는 이후 여러 단계가 더 진행된다.^[3]^[4]

색경(색깔과 모양) 즉 '18계 중 색계'에 속한 한 감각적 대상이 눈(안근) 즉 '18계 중 안계' 앞에 나타난다.
오문전향의 마음 즉 의근 즉 '18계 중 의계'가 일어나서 이후의 마음의 흐름, 즉, 이 경우에는 안식의 흐름이 그 감각적 대상으로 흐르게 한다.
안식 즉 '안근의 알음알이' 즉 '눈의 알음알이' 즉 '18계 중 안식계'가 감각적 대상을 본다. 즉, 안식이 자신의 본질인 봄 즉 '보는 작용'을 행한다.
받아들이는 마음 즉 의근 즉 '18계 중 의계'가 일어나서 바로 앞 단계에서 발생한 식의 대상, 즉, 여기서는 안식의 대상, 즉, 감각적 대상을 받아들인다.
조사하는 마음 즉 의식 즉 제6의식 즉 '의근의 알음알이' 즉 '18계 중 의식계'가 일어나서 감각적 대상을 조사한다.
의문전향의 마음 즉 의식 즉 제6의식 즉 '의근의 알음알이' 즉 '18계 중 의식계'가 일어나서 그 감각적 대상이 좋은지 나쁜지 결정한다. 이 때의 의문전향의 마음을 다른 이름으로는 결정하는 마음이라고 한다. 즉, 이 단계에서 그 감각적 대상을 대략적으로 알게 된다. 즉, 대략적인 인식이 발생한다. 이 인식과 더불어 이 단계에서 느낌이 고수 · 낙수 · 불고불락수의 3수 중 하나로 확정된다. 또는, 보다 세밀하게는, 고수 · 낙수 · 희수 · 우수 · 사수의 5수 중 하나로 확정된다. 의문전향의 마음 그 자체는 언제나 사수와 함께하지만 이후의 마음은 확정된 느낌과 함께한다.
이후 그 감각적 대상을 세부적으로 명확히 인식하기까지의 여러 단계가 진행된다.

같이 보기

각주

↑ Bhikkhu Bodhi & Allan R. Bomhard (2007). 《A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma》. Charleston Buddhist Fellowship. pp.34~35.
Receiving consciousness (sampaṭicchanacitta): When a sense object impinges on a sense faculty at one of the five sense doors, for example, a visible form on the eye, first there arises a citta adverting (āvajjana) to the object. Immediately after this, eyeconsciousness arises seeing that form. This act of seeing lasts only for a single mindmoment. Immediately thereafter, a citta arises that apprehends, or receives, the object that had been seen by eye-consciousness. This is the receiving consciousness, which results from the same type of kamma that produced the eye-consciousness.
↑ Bhikkhu Bodhi & Allan R. Bomhard (2007). 《A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma》. Charleston Buddhist Fellowship. p.37.
“Immediately thereafter, there arises the mind-element, performing the function of ‘receiving’ (sampaṭicchana) the object of that consciousness…
↑ ^가 ^나 Bhikkhu Bodhi & Allan R. Bomhard (2007). 《A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma》. Charleston Buddhist Fellowship. p.37~38.
Five-sense-door adverting consciousness (pañcadvārāvajjanacitta): When an external sense object impinges on one of the five physical sense organs, before the appropriate sense consciousness can arise — for example, eye-consciousness seeing a form —, another consciousness must have arisen first. This consciousness is the fivesense- door adverting consciousness (pañcadvārāvajjanacitta), which has the function of adverting (āvajjana)³¹ to whatever object is presenting itself at one of the five sense doors (dvāra). This consciousness does not see, hear, smell, taste, or touch the object. It simply turns to the object, thereby enabling the sense consciousness to arise in immediate succession.³²
³¹ This is the turning of the mind towards an object. Āvajjana forms the first stage in the process of consciousness. When an object of the five physical senses is involved, it is called “five-sense-door adverting consciousness” (pañcadvārāvajjanacitta); in the case of a mental object, “mind-door adverting consciousness” (manodvārāvajjanacitta). Cf, Nyanatiloka, Buddhist Dictionary: Manual of Buddhist Terms and Doctrines (fourth revised edition [1980]), pp. 30—31.
³² A single unit of sense perception (for example, visual consciousness), being conditioned through a sense organ and its corresponding object, forms in reality an extremely complex process, in which all the single phases of consciousness follow one another in rapid succession, performing their respective functions, for example:
“As soon as a visible object has entered the range of vision, it acts on the sensitive eye-organ (cakkhu-pasāda), and, conditioned thereby, an excitation of the subconscious stream (bhavanga-sota) takes place.
“As soon, however, as subconsciousness is broken off, the functional mind element, grasping the object and breaking through the subconscious stream, performs the function of ‘adverting’ (āvajjana) the mind towards the object.
“Immediately thereupon, there arises at the eye-door, and based upon the sensitive eye-organ, the eye-consciousness, while performing the function of ‘seeing’ (dassana)…
“Immediately thereafter, there arises the mind-element, performing the function of ‘receiving’ (sampaṭicchana) the object of that consciousness…
“Immediately thereafter, there arises…the mind-consciousness element, while ‘investigating’ (santīraṇa) the object received by the mind-element…
“Immediately thereafter, there arises the functional, rootless mind-consciousness-element, accompanied by indifference, while performing the function of ‘determining’ (votthapana) the object…
“Now, if the object is large, then immediately afterwards there flash forth six or seven ‘impulsive moments’ (javana-citta), constituted by one of the eight wholesome (kusala) or twelve unwholesome (akusala) or nine functional (kiriya or kriyā) classes of consciousness.
“Now, if, at the end of the impulsive moments, the object at the five-sense doors is very large and at the mind-door clear, then there arises, once or twice, one of the eight root-accompanied kamma-resultant classes of consciousness of the sense-sphere, or one of the three rootless kamma-resultant mindconsciousness- elements… Because this consciousness, after the vanishing of the impulsive moments, possesses the faculty continuing with the object of the subconsciousness, taking the object of the subconsciousness as its own object, thereby, it is called ‘registering’ (tadārammaṇa, literally, ‘that object’ or ‘having that as object’).” (Visuddhimagga XIV, 115ff.)
If, however, the sense-object is weak, then it reaches merely the stage of “impulsion” (javana), or of “determining” (votthapana); if very weak, only an excitation of the subconsciousness takes place.
The process of the inner, or mind, consciousness, that is, without participation of the five physical senses, is as follows: in the case that the mind-object entering the mind-door is distinct, then it passes through the stages of “adverting at the mind-door” (manodvārāvajjana), “the impulsive stage,” and “the registering stage,” before finally sinking into the subconscious stream. Cf, Nyanatiloka, Buddhist Dictionary: Manual of Buddhist Terms and Doctrines (fourth revised edition [1980]), pp. 227—228.
↑
Mehm Tin Mon (2015). 《The Essence of Buddha Abhidhamma》. Third edition. Mehm Tay Zar Mon, Mya Mon Yadanar Literature. pp.37~38.
IMMORAL RESULTANT CONSCIOUSNESS (Akusala Vipāka Citta)
The seven akusala vipāka cittas are given the following symbols and names.
```
cakkhu      ghāna       kāya        santī
   —    —     —     —     ^     —     —
       sota       jivhā       sampa
```
1 Upekkhā-sahagataṁ cakkhuviññāṇaṁ
eye-consciousness accompanied by neutral feeling.
2 Upekkhā-sahagataṁ sotaviññāṇaṁ
ear-consciousness accompanied by neutral feeling.
3 Upekkhā-sahagataṁ ghānaviññāṇaṁ
nose-consciousness accompanied by neutral feeling.
4 Upekkhā-sahagataṁ jivhāviññāṇaṁ
tongue-consciousness accompanied by neutral feeling.
5 Dukkha-sahagataṁ kāyaviññāṇaṁ
body-consciousness accompanied by painful feeling.
6 Upekkhā-sahagataṁ sampaṭicchana-cittaṁ
receiving consciousness accompanied by neutral feeling.
7 Upekkhā-sahagataṁ santīraṇa-cittaṁ
investigating-consciousness accompanied by indifference.

Of the seven cittas mentioned above, the first five are known as pañca-viññāna, i.e., five cittas that are conscious of the five senses. The last two, i.e., sampaṭicchana-citta and santīraṇa-citta, represent two connecting stages in the process of cognition (awareness of an object).
For example, when a visible object appears in the eye, a series of consciousness has to arise and perish in order to see the object. First pañca-dvārāvajjana (five-door directing consciousness) directs the consciousness stream towards the object. Then cakkhu-viññāṇa (eye consciousness) sees the object and transmits it to the next consciousness.
Then sampaṭicchana (receiving consciousness) receives the sense object. Then santīraṇa (investigating consciousness) investigates the sense object. Then mano-dvārāvajjana (mind-door directing consciousness) determines the sense object whether it is good or bad. We are aware of the sense object roughly at this stage.
Similarly, when an audible voice strikes the eardrum, a series of consciousness, i.e., pañca-dvārāvajjana, sotaviññāṇa, sampaṭichana, santīraṇa, mano-dvārāvajjana, etc., has to arise and perish before we can hear the voice.
Thus sampaṭicchana-citta, santīraṇa citta together with pañca dvārāvajjana citta and mano-dvārāvajjana citta are essential for cognition of the senses at the five sense-doors (eye, ear, nose, tongue and body).

[1] Bhikkhu Bodhi & Allan R. Bomhard (2007). 《A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma》. Charleston Buddhist Fellowship. pp.34~35.
Receiving consciousness (sampaṭicchanacitta): When a sense object impinges on a sense faculty at one of the five sense doors, for example, a visible form on the eye, first there arises a citta adverting (āvajjana) to the object. Immediately after this, eyeconsciousness arises seeing that form. This act of seeing lasts only for a single mindmoment. Immediately thereafter, a citta arises that apprehends, or receives, the object that had been seen by eye-consciousness. This is the receiving consciousness, which results from the same type of kamma that produced the eye-consciousness.

[2] Bhikkhu Bodhi & Allan R. Bomhard (2007). 《A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma》. Charleston Buddhist Fellowship. p.37.
“Immediately thereafter, there arises the mind-element, performing the function of ‘receiving’ (sampaṭicchana) the object of that consciousness…

[인식과정-Bodhi1-3] 가 ^나 Bhikkhu Bodhi & Allan R. Bomhard (2007). 《A Comprehensive Manual of Abhidhamma》. Charleston Buddhist Fellowship. p.37~38.
Five-sense-door adverting consciousness (pañcadvārāvajjanacitta): When an external sense object impinges on one of the five physical sense organs, before the appropriate sense consciousness can arise — for example, eye-consciousness seeing a form —, another consciousness must have arisen first. This consciousness is the fivesense- door adverting consciousness (pañcadvārāvajjanacitta), which has the function of adverting (āvajjana)³¹ to whatever object is presenting itself at one of the five sense doors (dvāra). This consciousness does not see, hear, smell, taste, or touch the object. It simply turns to the object, thereby enabling the sense consciousness to arise in immediate succession.³²
³¹ This is the turning of the mind towards an object. Āvajjana forms the first stage in the process of consciousness. When an object of the five physical senses is involved, it is called “five-sense-door adverting consciousness” (pañcadvārāvajjanacitta); in the case of a mental object, “mind-door adverting consciousness” (manodvārāvajjanacitta). Cf, Nyanatiloka, Buddhist Dictionary: Manual of Buddhist Terms and Doctrines (fourth revised edition [1980]), pp. 30—31.
³² A single unit of sense perception (for example, visual consciousness), being conditioned through a sense organ and its corresponding object, forms in reality an extremely complex process, in which all the single phases of consciousness follow one another in rapid succession, performing their respective functions, for example:
“As soon as a visible object has entered the range of vision, it acts on the sensitive eye-organ (cakkhu-pasāda), and, conditioned thereby, an excitation of the subconscious stream (bhavanga-sota) takes place.
“As soon, however, as subconsciousness is broken off, the functional mind element, grasping the object and breaking through the subconscious stream, performs the function of ‘adverting’ (āvajjana) the mind towards the object.
“Immediately thereupon, there arises at the eye-door, and based upon the sensitive eye-organ, the eye-consciousness, while performing the function of ‘seeing’ (dassana)…
“Immediately thereafter, there arises the mind-element, performing the function of ‘receiving’ (sampaṭicchana) the object of that consciousness…
“Immediately thereafter, there arises…the mind-consciousness element, while ‘investigating’ (santīraṇa) the object received by the mind-element…
“Immediately thereafter, there arises the functional, rootless mind-consciousness-element, accompanied by indifference, while performing the function of ‘determining’ (votthapana) the object…
“Now, if the object is large, then immediately afterwards there flash forth six or seven ‘impulsive moments’ (javana-citta), constituted by one of the eight wholesome (kusala) or twelve unwholesome (akusala) or nine functional (kiriya or kriyā) classes of consciousness.
“Now, if, at the end of the impulsive moments, the object at the five-sense doors is very large and at the mind-door clear, then there arises, once or twice, one of the eight root-accompanied kamma-resultant classes of consciousness of the sense-sphere, or one of the three rootless kamma-resultant mindconsciousness- elements… Because this consciousness, after the vanishing of the impulsive moments, possesses the faculty continuing with the object of the subconsciousness, taking the object of the subconsciousness as its own object, thereby, it is called ‘registering’ (tadārammaṇa, literally, ‘that object’ or ‘having that as object’).” (Visuddhimagga XIV, 115ff.)
If, however, the sense-object is weak, then it reaches merely the stage of “impulsion” (javana), or of “determining” (votthapana); if very weak, only an excitation of the subconsciousness takes place.
The process of the inner, or mind, consciousness, that is, without participation of the five physical senses, is as follows: in the case that the mind-object entering the mind-door is distinct, then it passes through the stages of “adverting at the mind-door” (manodvārāvajjana), “the impulsive stage,” and “the registering stage,” before finally sinking into the subconscious stream. Cf, Nyanatiloka, Buddhist Dictionary: Manual of Buddhist Terms and Doctrines (fourth revised edition [1980]), pp. 227—228.

[인식과정-MTM1-4] Mehm Tin Mon (2015). 《The Essence of Buddha Abhidhamma》. Third edition. Mehm Tay Zar Mon, Mya Mon Yadanar Literature. pp.37~38.
IMMORAL RESULTANT CONSCIOUSNESS (Akusala Vipāka Citta)
The seven akusala vipāka cittas are given the following symbols and names.
cakkhu ghāna kāya santī — — — — ^ — — sota jivhā sampa

1 Upekkhā-sahagataṁ cakkhuviññāṇaṁ
eye-consciousness accompanied by neutral feeling.
2 Upekkhā-sahagataṁ sotaviññāṇaṁ
ear-consciousness accompanied by neutral feeling.
3 Upekkhā-sahagataṁ ghānaviññāṇaṁ
nose-consciousness accompanied by neutral feeling.
4 Upekkhā-sahagataṁ jivhāviññāṇaṁ
tongue-consciousness accompanied by neutral feeling.
5 Dukkha-sahagataṁ kāyaviññāṇaṁ
body-consciousness accompanied by painful feeling.
6 Upekkhā-sahagataṁ sampaṭicchana-cittaṁ
receiving consciousness accompanied by neutral feeling.
7 Upekkhā-sahagataṁ santīraṇa-cittaṁ
investigating-consciousness accompanied by indifference.

Of the seven cittas mentioned above, the first five are known as pañca-viññāna, i.e., five cittas that are conscious of the five senses. The last two, i.e., sampaṭicchana-citta and santīraṇa-citta, represent two connecting stages in the process of cognition (awareness of an object).
For example, when a visible object appears in the eye, a series of consciousness has to arise and perish in order to see the object. First pañca-dvārāvajjana (five-door directing consciousness) directs the consciousness stream towards the object. Then cakkhu-viññāṇa (eye consciousness) sees the object and transmits it to the next consciousness.
Then sampaṭicchana (receiving consciousness) receives the sense object. Then santīraṇa (investigating consciousness) investigates the sense object. Then mano-dvārāvajjana (mind-door directing consciousness) determines the sense object whether it is good or bad. We are aware of the sense object roughly at this stage.
Similarly, when an audible voice strikes the eardrum, a series of consciousness, i.e., pañca-dvārāvajjana, sotaviññāṇa, sampaṭichana, santīraṇa, mano-dvārāvajjana, etc., has to arise and perish before we can hear the voice.
Thus sampaṭicchana-citta, santīraṇa citta together with pañca dvārāvajjana citta and mano-dvārāvajjana citta are essential for cognition of the senses at the five sense-doors (eye, ear, nose, tongue and body).

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]