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1964 Taiwanese local elections

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1964 Taiwanese local elections
← 1960 26 April 1964 (1964-04-26) 1968 →
All 21 mayors/magistrates of cities, counties
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader Chiang Kai-shek Hsiang Kou-fu
and others
Party Kuomintang Democratic Socialist
Mayors/
Magistrates 		17 1
Change Decrease2 Steady
  Third party Fourth party
 
Leader Li Huang None
Party Youth Independent
Mayors/
Magistrates 		1 2
Change Increase1 Increase1
  Kuomintang
  China Democratic Socialist Party
  Young China Party
  Independents
  Not up for election (Yangmingshan, Fuchien)

Local elections were held in Taiwan on 26 April 1964, the fifth nation-wide elections in post-war Taiwan, electing all 21 mayors of cities and magistrates of counties with a four-year tenure. Fuchien Province, then under military administration, was not up for election.

This is the first local election since the leading liberal figures were detained after Lei Chen and others of the Free China Journal attempted to form an opposition party. The ruling Kuomintang (or nationalist, KMT) suffered minor defeat, losing two magisterial or mayoral seat while keeping 17. Taipei and Tainan were won by Tangwai candidates, while China Democratic Socialist Party (CDSP) and Young China Party (YCP) each secured one administrative division.

Summary

[edit]

The list below shows the statistics of party membership of candidates standing in the election. Coloured box refers to the party membership of elected mayor or magistrate.

KMT CDSP Youth Ind
Taipei County 1 1
Taipei City 1 4
Keelung City 1 1
Yilan County ? ? ? ?
Taoyuan County 1 3
Hsinchu County 1
Miaoli County 1 1
Taichung County 2
Taichung City 1 2
Changhua County 2
Nantou County 1
Yunlin County 1
Chiayi County 2 1
Tainan County 2
Tainan City 1 1 2
Kaohsiung County 1 1
Kaohsiung City 1 1 2
Pingtung County 1 1
Hualien County 1
Taitung County 1 1
Penghu County 1

Re-elected incumbents are: Lin Fan-wang (Keelung City), Peng Jui-lu (Hsinchu County), Lin Wei-kung (Miaoli County), Lu Shih-ming (Changhua County), Chen Chi-chuan (Kaohsiung City).

Detailed results

[edit]

Taipei

[edit]
Magistrate of Taipei
CandidatePartyVotes%
蘇清波Kuomintang111,36056.74
李庭昌Independent84,90343.26
Total196,263100.00
Valid votes196,26398.22
Invalid/blank votes3,5611.78
Total votes199,824100.00
Registered voters/turnout511,78739.04
Source: [1]

Kuomintang was said to have been warned by the United States against manipulating the election, after the Korean April Revolution in 1960 which was sparked by rigged presidential election. Considering the support of Tangwai movement was also growing, the KMT decided to let Tangwai supervise the vote counting.[2]

The KMT was divided over the endorsement as the incumbent Huang Chi-jui was briefly suspended from office for three years during fraud probe, later acquitted. Eventually former city councillor Chou Pai-lien (周百鍊) was nominated by the party.[3]

For the Tangwai camp, former mayor Henry Kao, who withdrew at the last moment in the previous election, decided to run for the office again, citing the KMT's concession on counting supervision.[2] However, the authorities bribed Kao's campaign team, including Huang Hsin-chieh, later leader of Tangwai movement, by offering a free tour to the south until the end of the election.[3] Others in the team were rumoured to have turned against Kao.[4]

Other than Kao, Chen Yi-sung (陳逸松) and Li Sheng-yuan (李鉎源) also registered as independent candidates, raising concern of vote spitting within Tangwai bloc planned by the KMT. Li, a suspected party agent later revealed by Kao's team, was even able to commemorate the February 28 uprising, a political taboo for the regime, further strengthening the accusation.[5][6] Chen later wrote in his memoir that he ran in the election because Kao told him he is not planning to run for office and pledged to support his campaign.[7] Another independent, Li Chien-sheng (李建生) who is a friend of Kao, joined the race only because Kao wanted to ensure all planned 550 polling stations could be supervised by Tangwai's volunteers, as each candidate can only send 292 personnel.[8][5]

Regarded as one of the most competitive poll, Kuomintang launched an all-scale smear campaign against Kao through media and schools. Central Daily News, KMT's party media, reported scandals of Kao for days, but was seen as ineffective to hamper Kao.[5]

On the voting day, electoral frauds were again suspected as vote counting briefly suspended.[9] Members in Kao's team were also given torches in case the authorities created blackouts to stuff ballots.[5]

As a result, Kao was again elected as the mayor of Taipei with 51% of votes, defeating KMT's Chou.

Mayor of Taipei
CandidatePartyVotes%
Henry KaoIndependent191,83851.49
Chou Pai-lienKuomintang176,11747.27
陳逸松Independent3,3220.89
李鉎源Independent7610.20
李建生Independent5610.15
Total372,599100.00
Valid votes372,59998.17
Invalid/blank votes6,9391.83
Total votes379,538100.00
Registered voters/turnout516,76173.45
Source: [10]

Keelung

[edit]
Mayor of Keelung
CandidatePartyVotes%
Lin Fan-wangChina Democratic Socialist Party51,25555.50
謝清雲Kuomintang41,09144.50
Total92,346100.00
Valid votes92,34697.14
Invalid/blank votes2,7222.86
Total votes95,068100.00
Registered voters/turnout122,32177.72
Source: [11][12]

Yilan

[edit]

Taoyuan

[edit]

Under rotating leadership between local factions of Taoyuan, Chen Chang-shou was nominated by the Kuomintang to hold the magisterial seat, while CDSP member Huang Yu-chiao (黃玉嬌) ran as an independent and was supported by Hakka constituents.[4]

Despite Huang Yu-chiao presented evidence of electoral frauds, the judge declined to overturn the election result by claiming that the rigged votes could not impact the election result.[13]

Magistrate of Taoyuan
CandidatePartyVotes%
Chen Chang-shouKuomintang78,52059.13
Huang Yu-chiaoIndependent52,93639.87
曹成金Independent7730.58
王新順Independent5590.42
Total132,788100.00
Valid votes132,78898.60
Invalid/blank votes1,8821.40
Total votes134,670100.00
Registered voters/turnout246,53154.63
Source: [12]

Hsinchu

[edit]
Magistrate of Hsinchu
CandidatePartyVotes%
Peng Jui-luKuomintang177,626100.00
Total177,626100.00
Valid votes177,62697.64
Invalid/blank votes4,3022.36
Total votes181,928100.00
Registered voters/turnout233,13378.04
Source: [12]

Miaoli

[edit]
Magistrate of Miaoli
CandidatePartyVotes%
Lin Wei-kungKuomintang86,48965.72
邱慶彰Independent45,10934.28
Total131,598100.00
Valid votes131,59898.13
Invalid/blank votes2,5131.87
Total votes134,111100.00
Registered voters/turnout207,18864.73
Source: [12]

Taichung

[edit]
Magistrate of Taichung
CandidatePartyVotes%
林鶴年Kuomintang127,33660.24
何金生Kuomintang84,03639.76
Total211,372100.00
Valid votes211,37297.17
Invalid/blank votes6,1512.83
Total votes217,523100.00
Registered voters/turnout296,05173.47
Source: [12]
Mayor of Taichung
CandidatePartyVotes%
張啟仲Kuomintang65,68957.30
蔡志昌Independent32,12328.02
何春木Independent16,82614.68
Total114,638100.00
Valid votes114,63898.09
Invalid/blank votes2,2301.91
Total votes116,868100.00
Registered voters/turnout150,23277.79
Source: [12]

Changhua

[edit]

Lu Shih-ming (呂世明) from KMT was endorsed by the party and the powerful local camp of "red faction". The rivalry "white faction" was indecisive on the representative after three successive heavyweights gave up in just three weeks, finally settled the matter by sending doctor Hung Tiao (洪挑). The unsuccessful negotiation brokered by the Kuomintang between the two camps paved way for one of the fiercest elections in Changhua's election.[14][15]

Shih Hsi-hsun of the Tangwai, whose three magisterial bids all failed, supported his former rival Lu for re-election, which was believed to be decisive in his narrow victory but also infuriated the "white faction".[15]

Magistrate of Changhua
CandidatePartyVotes%
Lu Shih-mingKuomintang157,75251.03
Hung TiaoKuomintang151,40948.97
Total309,161100.00
Valid votes309,16197.93
Invalid/blank votes6,5272.07
Total votes315,688100.00
Registered voters/turnout418,61175.41
Source: [12]

Nantou

[edit]
Magistrate of Nantou
CandidatePartyVotes%
楊昭璧Kuomintang117,095100.00
Total117,095100.00
Valid votes117,09598.18
Invalid/blank votes2,1711.82
Total votes119,266100.00
Registered voters/turnout196,57860.67
Source: [16]

Yunlin

[edit]

Wishing to discourage the local factions, Kuomintang nominated outsider Liao Chen-hsiang, a civil servant in Taiwan Government, in a surprise.[17] While the public was unfamiliar Liao as he had long lived in Taipei, the local factions endorsed Lin Heng-sheng, secretary of incumbent Lin Chin-seng who was also chosen as the successor.[4]

Lin, with quite a certain victory in hand, did not enter the race after persuaded by a third party, while Liao's father announced donating NT$1 million as scholarship as a show of willingness to serve Yunlin, which could be an act of electoral bribery.[4] Running unopposed, Liao was successfully elected. Lin would succeed Liao nine years later.[17]

Magistrate of Yunlin
CandidatePartyVotes%
Liao Chen-hsiangKuomintang284,421100.00
Total284,421100.00
Valid votes284,42198.74
Invalid/blank votes3,6421.26
Total votes288,063100.00
Registered voters/turnout313,63891.85
Source: [12]

Chiayi

[edit]
Magistrate of Chiayi
CandidatePartyVotes%
何茂取Kuomintang103,92854.85
許竹模Independent82,86343.73
張源泉Kuomintang2,6811.41
Total189,472100.00
Valid votes189,47297.61
Invalid/blank votes4,6452.39
Total votes194,117100.00
Registered voters/turnout332,33758.41
Source: [12]

Tainan

[edit]

Initially three candidates seek KMT's nomination for the magisterial election: Liu Po-wen, an official in county government representing the "sea faction"; Liao Chien-ting, Speaker of the County Council from the "mountain faction"; Li Yao-chien, doctor and former party agent also from "mountain faction". Just before receiving the anticipated endorsement from the party, Liao received a threatening letter with a bullet, forcing him to withdraw.[18] The party later agreed to an open competition between Liu and Li.[19]

Although both supported by heavyweights (incumbent and former magistrate), with more political donation, Liu defeated Li, whose controversial background damaged his popularity,[19] in a landslide. The new magistrate was attacked for allegedly lying his education history during and after election by Li,[19] and was eventually resolved in court by ruling in favour of him.[4]

Magistrate of Tainan
CandidatePartyVotes%
Liu Po-wenKuomintang176,83361.80
Li Yao-chienKuomintang109,29638.20
Total286,129100.00
Valid votes286,12997.70
Invalid/blank votes6,7242.30
Total votes292,853100.00
Registered voters/turnout370,26479.09
Source: [12]

In the middle of his term, Hsin Wen-bing intended to resign as he could not withstand Kuomintang's bureaucratic pressure, but was urged to stay on by the Taiwan Government. As the election approached, KMT favoured Hsin for re-election.[20] Nevertheless, Hsin decided not to seek for another term after believing the political comeback of Tangwai's Yeh Ting-kuei is likely successfully.[21]

Kuomintang reluctantly supported Provincial Councillor Huang Yeh (黃業) after multiple candidates declined to run.[22] During election, Huang was engulfed in financial difficulties and was declared bankrupt,[23] damaging his reputation.[24] Yeh was elected with over 51% of votes, defeating the other three candidates, including CDSP's,[25] and starting his third non-consecutive mayoral term.

Mayor of Tainan
CandidatePartyVotes%
Yeh Ting-kueiIndependent65,09951.13
Huang YehKuomintang61,05547.95
魏東安China Democratic Socialist Party6030.47
翁余森櫻Independent5760.45
Total127,333100.00
Valid votes127,33397.99
Invalid/blank votes2,6152.01
Total votes129,948100.00
Registered voters/turnout171,64075.71
Source: [26]

Kaohsiung

[edit]

Yu Teng-fa, who was elected in the last election as a Tangwai candidate, was ousted after he cut spending of local Kuomintang, and was barred from running again. He therefore supported his son Yu Jui-yen (余瑞言) in the election. Kuomintang again nominated Tai Liang-ching (戴良慶) to run. Tai captured 58% of votes and defeated inexperience Yu.

Magistrate of Kaohsiung
CandidatePartyVotes%
Tai Liang-chingKuomintang114,55257.70
Yu Jui-yenIndependent83,96242.30
Total198,514100.00
Valid votes198,51498.07
Invalid/blank votes3,9061.93
Total votes202,420100.00
Registered voters/turnout295,89168.41
Source: [12]
Mayor of Kaohsiung
CandidatePartyVotes%
Chen Chi-chuanKuomintang96,45161.82
楊金虎China Democratic Socialist Party44,43628.48
李源棧Independent14,1409.06
簡秋桐Independent9870.63
Total156,014100.00
Valid votes156,01498.87
Invalid/blank votes1,7791.13
Total votes157,793100.00
Registered voters/turnout245,40164.30
Source: [27]

Pingtung

[edit]

Kuomintang surprisingly nominated Chang Feng-hsu from the powerful "Chang faction", outgoing Provincial Councillor and son of inaugural magistrate Chang Shan-chung, breaking the precedence of nominating incumbent for re-election.

Tangwai movement endorsed County Councillor Huang Chen-san (黃振三) to challenge Chang, forcing the first competitive election in Pingtung. Huang, who also garner support from incumbent Lee Shih-chang and anti-Chang "Lin faction", gave much pressure to Chang Feng-hsu. As results showed, despite winning the election, Chang lost in nearly all towns except the strongholds in aboriginal settlements.[28]

Magistrate of Pingtung
CandidatePartyVotes%
Chang Feng-hsuKuomintang117,56258.44
Huang Chen-sanYoung China Party83,59141.56
Total201,153100.00
Valid votes201,15397.57
Invalid/blank votes5,0052.43
Total votes206,158100.00
Registered voters/turnout309,41866.63
Source: [12]

Hualien

[edit]
Magistrate of Hualien
CandidatePartyVotes%
柯丁選Kuomintang101,863100.00
Total101,863100.00
Valid votes101,86398.60
Invalid/blank votes1,4501.40
Total votes103,313100.00
Registered voters/turnout233,13344.32
Source: [12]

Taitung

[edit]

Two potential candidates, Lin Shang-ying (林尚英) from "Wu faction" and Hsu Tien-chih (許添枝) from "Huang faction", but both withdrew as involved in separate criminal probes. The party lastly nominated township chief Chang Chen-hsiung (張振雄) who was unaffiliated to either faction.[29] Huang Shun-hsing from Young China Party also ran in the poll with public's support.[30]

Risking expulsion from KMT, Lin ran in the election and formed an alliance with Huang to protest against party's nomination. Huang was expected to revoke his registration, giving way to Lin and for himself to run in next year's provincial election.[31] However, Lin's candidacy was rejected by the authorities as he was suspended pending investigation, becoming the only candidate failed the vetting in the local elections.[32] Seen as a confrontation from the local party, the "Wu faction" turned against the party, while "Huang faction" also supported Huang Shun-hsing in low profile.[29][33]

As all Kuomintang candidates were elected in the past Taitung elections, Chang was widely expected to assume office as the new magistrate, and neither he nor the local party pay much effort in campaign. However, in a huge setback for the KMT, Huang beat Chang by around 4,000 votes, or 6%.[33]

Magistrate of Taitung
CandidatePartyVotes%
Huang Shun-hsingYoung China Party38,93453.13
Chang Chen-hsiungKuomintang34,34546.87
Total73,279100.00
Valid votes73,27995.23
Invalid/blank votes3,6714.77
Total votes76,950100.00
Registered voters/turnout105,17273.17
Source: [12][34]

Penghu

[edit]
Magistrate of Penghu
CandidatePartyVotes%
蔣祖武Kuomintang38,174100.00
Total38,174100.00
Valid votes38,17498.27
Invalid/blank votes6721.73
Total votes38,846100.00
Registered voters/turnout46,47983.58
Source: [12]

By-elections

[edit]

By-elections were held in Keelung and Nantou after two leaders died in office in 1965 and 1967 respectively. Kuomintang held the Nantou seat while flipping from CDSP in Keelung.

Notes

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • 中華民國選舉概況 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 中央選舉委員會. 1984.
  • 劉, 寧顏 (1993). 卷八．職官志第一冊-文職表篇. 重修臺灣省通志. 臺灣省文獻委員會.
  1. ^ 《續修臺北縣志·卷七·選舉志》，張勝彥，2006年，頁148
  2. ^ a b 黃, 富三 (2001). 台北市歷屆市長議長口述歷史. 台北市政府文獻委員會. p. 24.
  3. ^ a b 黃信介紀念文集. 民主進步黨中央黨部黃信介紀念小組. 2000. pp. 42–43. ISBN 957-97495-5-8.
  4. ^ a b c d e 政海浮沉錄. 臺灣時報社. 1977. pp. 95–96, 172, 210–212, 214, 289.
  5. ^ a b c d 李, 世傑 (1989). 特務打選戰. 敦理出版社. pp. 90–96.
  6. ^ 林, 曙光 (1993). 打狗采風錄. Kaohsiung: 春暉出版社. p. 66.
  7. ^ 陳逸松回憶錄（戰後篇）. 聯經. 2015. pp. 159–164.
  8. ^ "候選人推荐監察員 北市人數確定 每人限荐二九二位 依照投開票所輪流分配". 徵信新聞報. 1964-04-13. p. 2.
  9. ^ 林, 忠勝 (2007). 高玉樹回憶錄. 前衛出版社. p. 137. ISBN 9789578015395.
  10. ^ 黃, 振超 (1987). 臺北市志·卷三·政制志選舉篇. p. 259.
  11. ^ 邱, 智信, ed. (2001). 基隆市志·卷三·政治志選舉篇. p. 32.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o 臺灣省地方自治誌要. Taichung: 臺灣省地方自治誌要編輯委員會. 1966. p. 424.
  13. ^ 黃, 煌雄 (1978). "今年五項公職選舉的歷史意義". 國民黨往何處去？. Taipei: 長橋出版社.
  14. ^ 江, 世凱. "彰化縣歷屆縣長選舉軼聞". 臺灣文獻. 46 (2): 38.
  15. ^ a b 王, 燈岸 (2018). 王, 鏡玲 (ed.). 磺溪壹老人. 玉山社. pp. 363–366. ISBN 978-986-294-214-7.
  16. ^ 黃, 耀能; 陳, 哲三; 吳, 金標 (1997). 南投縣志·卷二·政事志. p. 392.
  17. ^ a b "廖禎祥與林恆生縣長交接". Taiwan Cultural Memory Bank (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 2023-04-30.
  18. ^ 劉, 金清 (1989-10-28). "重大選戰講古－角逐百里侯，兩派大對決". 聯合報. p. 14.
  19. ^ a b c 陳, 延輝; 蕭, 晉源 (2005). 台南縣派系興起與政黨政治的確立. 秀威資訊科技股份有限公司. pp. 29–33. ISBN 978-986-7263-26-1.
  20. ^ 謝, 國興 (2000). 府城紳士：辛文炳和他的志業（1912-1999）. 南天書局. p. 151. ISBN 957-638-540-7.
  21. ^ 吳修齊先生訪問紀錄. Taipei: 中研院近代史研究所. 1992. p. 294.
  22. ^ "葉廷珪捲土重來 黃業將兵遭敗績". 徵信新聞報. 1968-04-28. p. 7.
  23. ^ "臺南法院昨宣告黃業破產". 自立晚報. 1964-04-25. p. 2.
  24. ^ "南市選局起波瀾 選戰正白熱債主迫債急". 自立晚報. 1964-04-20. p. 2.
  25. ^ "魏東安表示決競選到底". 自立晚報. 1964-04-10. p. 2.
  26. ^ 王, 振惠; 游, 醒民 (1979). 臺南市志·卷九·選舉志. p. 187.
  27. ^ 重修高雄市志·卷二·民政志. 高雄市政府. 1990. pp. 165–166.
  28. ^ 黃, 映溓 (2017). "威權邁向民主--從屏東縣三場縣長選舉談起". 屏東文獻. 21: 223–248.
  29. ^ a b 李, 文良, ed. (2001). 臺東縣史 政事篇. 臺東縣政府. p. 268. ISBN 957-02-8833-7.
  30. ^ 黃, 順興 (1972). 湖濱雜思. 民主潮社.
  31. ^ "東縣選戰三鼎足兩壁壘 張振雄強敵當前 林尚英來者不善 黃順興志不在此". 徵信新聞報. 1964-04-06. p. 2.
  32. ^ "縣市長候選人資格昨日審查竣事 林尚英因案停職被剔除 其餘六十七人全部合格". 徵信新聞報. 1964-04-09. p. 7.
  33. ^ a b "黃順興勝得險 國民黨提名未孚眾望競選技術欠妥招致反感". 徵信新聞報. 1964-04-28. p. 7.
  34. ^ 顏, 志光 (2001). 臺東縣史·政事篇. p. 239.
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