Antimony

Antimony, ₅₁Sb
Antimony
Pronunciation	UK /ˈæntɪməni/; (AN-tim-ə-nee); US /ˈæntəmoʊni/; (AN-tə-moh-nee);
Appearance	sillery lustrous gray
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Sb)	121.760(1)
Antimony in the periodic cairt
	tin ← antimony → tellurium
Atomic nummer (Z)	51
Group	group 15 (pnictogens)
Period	period 5
Block	p-block
Element category	Metalloid
Electron confeeguration	[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 18, 5
Pheesical properties
Phase at STP	solit
Meltin pynt	903.78 K (630.63 °C, 1167.13 °F)
Bylin pynt	1860 K (1587 °C, 2889 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	6.697 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	6.53 g/cm3
Heat o fusion	19.79 kJ/mol
Heat o vapourisation	193.43 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.23 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (an amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.05
Ionisation energies	(more);
Atomic radius	empirical: 140 pm
Covalent radius	139±5 pm
Van der Waals radius	206 pm
	Colour lines in a spectral rangeSpectral lines o antimony
Ither properties
Naitural occurrence	primordial
Creestal structur	trigonal
Speed o soond thin rod	3420 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	11 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	24.4 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	417 n Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderin	diamagnetic
Young's modulus	55 GPa
Shear modulus	20 GPa
Bulk modulus	42 GPa
Mohs haurdness	3.0
Brinell haurdness	294 MPa
CAS Nummer	7440-36-0
History
Diskivery	3000 BC
First isolation	Vannoccio Biringuccio (1540)
Main isotopes o antimony
	Decay modes in parentheses are predictit, but hae nae yet been observed
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Antimony is a chemical element wi symbol Sb (frae Laitin: stibium) an atomic nummer 51. A lustrous gray metalloid, it is fand in naitur mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb₂S₃). Antimony compoonds hae been kent syne auncient times an wis uised for cosmetics; metallic antimony wis kent an aa, but it wis erroneously identified as leid. It wis established tae be an element aroond the 17t century.

References

↑ Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
↑ Anastas Sidiropoulos. "Studies of N-heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Complexes of the Main Group Elements" (PDF). p. 39.
↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.

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[CIAAW2013-1] Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.

[2] Anastas Sidiropoulos. "Studies of N-heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Complexes of the Main Group Elements" (PDF). p. 39.

[3] Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.

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