Barbara McClintock – Wikipedia

Barbara McClintock (1902 nî 6 goe̍h 16 ji̍t – 1992 nî 9 goe̍h 2 ji̍t) sī Bí-kok ê si̍t-bu̍t-ha̍k-ka kiam ûi-thoân-ha̍k-ka. I sī se-pau-ûi-thoân-ha̍k ê léng-tō-chiá chi it, mā sī transposon ê hoat-kiàn-chiá, chit hāng gián-kiù hō͘ i tit tio̍h 1983 nî Nobel chióng.

hián lūn pian Wolf I-ha̍k Chióng tit-chióng-jîn

1970 nî-tāi	George Snell / Jean Dausset / Jon J. van Rood (1978) Roger Sperry / Arvid Carlsson / Oleh Hornykiewicz (1979)

1980 nî-tāi	César Milstein / Leo Sachs / James L. Gowans (1980) Barbara McClintock / Stanley Norman Cohen (1981) Jean-Pierre Changeux / Solomon H. Snyder / James W. Black (1982) Donald F. Steiner (1984/1985) Hayaisi Osamu (1986) Pedro Cuatrecasas / Meir Wilchek (1987) Henri G. Hers / Elizabeth F. Neufeld (1988) John Gurdon / Edward B. Lewis (1989)

1990 nî-tāi	Maclyn McCarty (1990) Seymour Benzer (1991) Judah Folkman (1992) Michael Berridge / Nisizuka Yasutomi (1994/1995) Stanley B. Prusiner (1995/1996) Mary F. Lyon (1996/1997) Michael Sela / Ruth Arnon (1998) Eric Kandel (1999)

2000 nî-tāi	Avram Hershko / Alexander Varshavsky (2001) Ralph L. Brinster / Mario Capecchi / Oliver Smithies (2002/2003) Robert Weinberg / Roger Y. Tsien (2004) Alexander Levitzki / Anthony R. Hunter / Tony Pawson (2005) Howard Cedar / Aharon Razin (2008)

2010 nî-tāi	Axel Ullrich (2010) Yamanaka Sin'ya / Rudolf Jaenisch (2011) Ronald M. Evans (2012) Nahum Sonenberg / Gary Ruvkun / Victor Ambros (2014) John Kappler / Philippa Marrack / Jeffrey V. Ravetch (2015) Lewis C. Cantley / C. Ronald Kahn (2016) James P. Allison (2017) Jeffrey M. Friedman (2019)

2020 nî-tāi	Emmanuelle Charpentier / Jennifer Doudna (2020) Joan Steitz / Lynne Elizabeth Maquat / Adrian Krainer (2021) Daniel J. Drucker (2023)

hián lūn pian Nobel Seng-lí-ha̍k I-ha̍k Chióng tit-chióng-jîn

1901–1925	1901: Emil Behring 1902: Ronald Ross 1903: Niels Finsen 1904: Ivan Pavlov 1905: Robert Koch 1906: Camillo Golgi / Santiago Ramón y Cajal 1907: Alphonse Laveran 1908: Ilya Mechnikov / Paul Ehrlich 1909: Emil Kocher 1910: Albrecht Kossel 1911: Allvar Gullstrand 1912: Alexis Carrel 1913: Charles Richet 1914: Róbert Bárány 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919: Jules Bordet 1920: August Krogh 1921 1922: Archibald Hill / Otto Meyerhof 1923: Frederick Banting / John Macleod 1924: Willem Einthoven 1925

1926–1950	1926: Johannes Fibiger 1927: Julius Wagner-Jauregg 1928: Charles Nicolle 1929: Christiaan Eijkman / Frederick Gowland Hopkins 1930: Karl Landsteiner 1931: Otto Warburg 1932: Charles Scott Sherrington / Edgar Adrian 1933: Thomas Morgan 1934: George Whipple / George Minot / William Murphy 1935: Hans Spemann 1936: Henry Dale / Otto Loewi 1937: Szent-Györgyi Albert 1938: Corneille Heymans 1939: Gerhard Domagk 1940 1941 1942 1943: Henrik Dam / Edward Doisy 1944: Joseph Erlanger / Herbert Gasser 1945: Alexander Fleming / Ernst Chain / Howard Florey 1946: Hermann Muller 1947: Carl Cori / Gerty Cori / Bernardo Houssay 1948: Paul Müller 1949: Walter Hess / António Egas Moniz 1950: Edward Kendall / Tadeusz Reichstein / Philip Hench

1951–1975	1951: Max Theiler 1952: Selman Waksman 1953: Hans Krebs / Fritz Lipmann 1954: John Enders / Thomas Weller / Frederick Robbins 1955: Hugo Theorell 1956: André Cournand / Werner Forssmann / Dickinson W. Richards 1957: Daniel Bovet 1958: George Beadle / Edward Tatum / Joshua Lederberg 1959: Severo Ochoa / Arthur Kornberg 1960: Frank Burnet / Peter Medawar 1961: Georg von Békésy 1962: Francis Crick / James Watson / Maurice Wilkins 1963: John Eccles / Alan Hodgkin / Andrew Huxley 1964: Konrad Bloch / Feodor Lynen 1965: François Jacob / André Lwoff / Jacques Monod 1966: Francis Rous / Charles B. Huggins 1967: Ragnar Granit / Haldan Hartline / George Wald 1968: Robert W. Holley / Har Khorana / Marshall Nirenberg 1969: Max Delbrück / Alfred Hershey / Salvador Luria 1970: Bernard Katz / Ulf von Euler / Julius Axelrod 1971: Earl Sutherland Jr. 1972: Gerald Edelman / Rodney Porter 1973: Karl von Frisch / Konrad Lorenz / Nikolaas Tinbergen 1974: Albert Claude / Christian de Duve / George Palade 1975: David Baltimore / Renato Dulbecco / Howard Temin

1976–2000	1976: Baruch Blumberg / Daniel Gajdusek 1977: Roger Guillemin / Andrew Schally / Rosalyn Yalow 1978: Werner Arber / Daniel Nathans / Hamilton O. Smith 1979: Allan Cormack / Godfrey Hounsfield 1980: Baruj Benacerraf / Jean Dausset / George Snell 1981: Roger Sperry / David H. Hubel / Torsten Wiesel 1982: Sune Bergström / Bengt I. Samuelsson / John Vane 1983: Barbara McClintock 1984: Niels Jerne / Georges Köhler / César Milstein 1985: Michael Brown / Joseph L. Goldstein 1986: Stanley Cohen / Rita Levi-Montalcini 1987: Tonegawa Susumu 1988: James W. Black / Gertrude B. Elion / George H. Hitchings 1989: J. Michael Bishop / Harold E. Varmus 1990: Joseph Murray / E. Donnall Thomas 1991: Erwin Neher / Bert Sakmann 1992: Edmond Fischer / Edwin G. Krebs 1993: Richard J. Roberts / Phillip Sharp 1994: Alfred G. Gilman / Martin Rodbell 1995: Edward B. Lewis / Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard / Eric F. Wieschaus 1996: Peter C. Doherty / Rolf M. Zinkernagel 1997: Stanley B. Prusiner 1998: Robert F. Furchgott / Louis Ignarro / Ferid Murad 1999: Günter Blobel 2000: Arvid Carlsson / Paul Greengard / Eric Kandel

2001–present	2001: Leland H. Hartwell / Tim Hunt / Paul Nurse 2002: Sydney Brenner / H. Robert Horvitz / John E. Sulston 2003: Paul Lauterbur / Peter Mansfield 2004: Richard Axel / Linda B. Buck 2005: Barry Marshall / Robin Warren 2006: Andrew Fire / Craig Mello 2007: Mario Capecchi / Martin Evans / Oliver Smithies 2008: Harald zur Hausen / Luc Montagnier / Françoise Barré-Sinoussi 2009: Elizabeth Blackburn / Carol W. Greider / Jack W. Szostak 2010: Robert G. Edwards 2011: Bruce Beutler / Jules A. Hoffmann / Ralph M. Steinman (posthumously) 2012: John Gurdon / Yamanaka Sin'ya 2013: James Rothman / Randy Schekman / Thomas C. Südhof 2014: John O'Keefe / May-Britt Moser / Edvard Moser 2015: William C. Campbell / Ômura Satosi / Tô͘ Iu-iu 2016: Ôsumi Yosinori 2017: Jeffrey C. Hall / Michael Rosbash / Michael W. Young 2018: James P. Allison / Honzyo Tasuku 2019: Gregg L. Semenza / Peter J. Ratcliffe / William Kaelin Jr. 2020: Harvey J. Alter / Michael Houghton / Charles M. Rice 2021: David Julius / Ardem Patapoutian 2022: Svante Pääbo 2023: Katalin Karikó / Drew Weissman 2024: Victor Ambros / Gary Ruvkun

Sìn-kù khòng-chè	WorldCat Identities VIAF: 14832103 LCCN: n82153492 ISNI: 0000 0000 8093 783X GND: 119046660 SELIBR: 401017 SUDOC: 073685151 BNF: cb12278203r (data) NDL: 00621106 NKC: xx0223112 BNE: XX5281979 CiNii: DA02971463

Pún bûn-chiuⁿ sī chi̍t phiⁿ phí-á-kiáⁿ. Lí thang tàu khok-chhiong lâi pang-chō͘ Wikipedia.